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Transcript of A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 4-Polling QuestionSection 4-Polling Question How interested are you in...
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A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
How interested are you in owning your own business someday?
A. Very interested
B. Somewhat interested
C. Somewhat uninterested
D. Very uninterested
A B C D
0% 0%0%0%
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Chapter 13 North and South (1820-1860)
Section 4 The South’s People
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How did unique elements of culture develop among enslaved African Americans in the South?
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Farms and Plantations• The Southern
economy was based on agriculture
• Most believed the South was full of wealthy white slaveholders
• In reality, most white Southerners did not have any slaves or only a few
• Most white Southerners fit into 4 categories
• Yeoman, tenant farmers, the rural poor, or plantation owners
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Small Farmers and the Rural Poor• YeomenYeomen (Farmers
without slaves) made up the largest group of whites in the South
• Yeomen grew crops for their own use and to sell
• Yeomen lived in the Upper South and in the hilly areas of the Deep South
• Some white Southerners worked as tenant farmerstenant farmers
• Worked the land for landlords
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A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
A B
C
D
0% 0%0%0%
What group made up the largest number of whites in the South?
A. Tenant farmers
B. The rural poor
C. Enslaved workers
D. Yeomen
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Small Farmers and the Rural Poor Continued• Most Southern whites
lived in simple homes• The rural poor lived in
crude cabins in wooded areas
• Rural poor were looked down upon by other whites
• Stubbornly independent• Proud of being self-
sufficient• Often avoided jobs that
were normally done by enslaved people
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Plantations• A large plantation (big farm)
might have several thousand acres
• Owners measured how rich they were by how many slaves they had
• Only 4% of plantation owners owned 20 or more slaves
• Most had less than 10• A few free African Americans
also held enslaved workers• Some free African Americans
purchased members of their own families to free them
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Plantations Continued• The goal of plantations
were to earn profits• Cotton prices varied
from season to season• Cotton was sold to and
held by agents • Agents then sold
cotton when prices rose
• Only when the cotton sold were planters paid
• This kept the planters in debt
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Plantation Wives• Plantation wives took
charge of their household
• They watched over the house slaves and took care of them when they became sick
• Wives might be in charge of financial records
• Often a lonely and difficult life
• Planters often absent, dealing with cotton agents
• Wives spent long periods alone
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Life Under Slavery• Enslaved African
Americans suffered hardships and misery
• They worked hard- for no money
• Had little hope of freedom
• Often sold from planter to planter and taken from their loved ones
• Often they resisted slavery
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Family Life• American laws did not
protect enslaved families in the early 1800s
• A slaveholders death could lead to a breakup of an enslaved family
• Family members could be sold
• Although not recognized by law, marriages between enslaved people occurred
• The vows included “until death or separation do us part”
• Extended families became a vital feature of African American culture
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African American Culture• 1808- Congress outlawed
the slave trade, but slavery remained legallegal
• No new enslaved people could enter the US
• By 1860- almost all slaves in the South were born there
• African traditions of music, dance, and folk stories remained
• Often slaves accepted Christianity, but kept religious beliefs and practices of their African ancestors as well
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African American Christianity• Christianity became a religion
of hope and resistance for many enslaved people
• They prayed for their freedom• The passionate beliefs of the
enslaved Southerners found expression in the spiritualspiritual (African American folk song)
• “Didn’t my Lord deliver Daniel”• Spirituals also enabled
enslaved people to communicate secretly among themselves
• Often combined the Christian faith with their earthly suffering
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Slave Codes• Between 1830 and 1860- slave slave
codescodes were passed to control slaves
• Slave codes existed since the 1700s
• One purpose was to prevent a slave rebellion
• Slave codes prohibited slaves from assembling in large groups
• Also had to have passes before leaving the slaveholders property
• Slave codes made it a crime to teach a slave to read or write
• White Southerners feared that an educated slave might lead a revolt
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A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D A B
C
D
0% 0%0%0%
Which of the following was not a part of the slave codes?
A. Enslaved people were prohibited from assembling in large groups.
B. It was a crime to teach enslaved people to read or write.
C. An enslaved person must have a written pass before leaving the slaveholder’s property.
D. Engaging in slave trade was made illegal.
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Resistance to Slavery- Nat Turner• Some slaves rebelled
against their owners• Nat Turner, Nat Turner, a religious a religious
leader,leader, taught himself to read and write
• Turner led his followers on a briefbrief violent rampage in Southhampton County, Virginia
• Before he was captured, Turner and his followers killed at least 55 whites
• Nat Turner was hanged• Nat Turner’s Rebellion led
to more severe slave codes
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Resistance to Slavery• Armed revolts were
rare• Most resistance by
slaves was working slowly or pretending to be ill
• Sometimes slaves would set fire to a plantation building or break tools
• This helped slaves tolerate their lack of freedom
• Resistance also set boundaries that slaveholders would respect
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Escaping Slavery• Some slaves tried to escape
to the North• Harriet TubmanHarriet Tubman and
Frederick DouglassFrederick Douglass fled to the North
• Getting to the North was difficult for slaves and they often got aid from a secret network called…
• The Underground RailroadUnderground Railroad• Safe houses along the way
owned by those that opposed slavery.
• Most runaways were caught and returned
• Discipline was severe- whipping was most common
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Life in Southern Cities• The 10 largest cities in the
South were either seaports or river ports (Baltimore and New Orleans)
• Cities at crossroads of the railways began to grow (Atlanta)
• Whites, slaves, and free African Americans lived in these cities
• Free African Americans’ lives were not secure
• Their rights were limited• Most states would not allow
them to move state to state• Free African Americans
were denied an equal share in economic and political life
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A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
A B
C
D
0% 0%0%0%
Which of the following was not a large Southern city in the mid-1800s?
A. Baltimore
B. New Orleans
C. Pittsburgh
D. Atlanta
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Education• There were no public schools, if
you wanted to be educated you would have to go to a private school
• Mid 1800s- North Carolina and Kentucky set up and ran public schools
• The South was behind other sections of the country in literacyliteracy
• One reason was because the South’s geography
• The South had few people per square mile
• Would have to travel great distances to send their children to school
• Many Southerners also believed that education was a private matter, not a state function
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How did unique elements of culture develop among enslaved African Americans in the South?
-The possibility of family separation led to large, close knit extended families
-Christianity and African religious beliefs were practiced simultaneously and blended
-Christianity stressed hope for freedom and resistance to bondage, and out of it came the spiritual, which evolved as a secret communication methods
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All Southerners owned land, even if it was only a small amount.
Tru
e
Fal
se
50%50%A. True
B. False
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Plantation owners with many enslaved workers were considered very wealthy.
Tru
e
Fal
se
50%50%A. True
B. False
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Plantation wives often worked in the fields with the enslaved workers.
Tru
e
Fal
se
50%50%A. True
B. False
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Enslaved African Americans often were separated from their families.
Tru
e
Fal
se
50%50%A. True
B. False
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The largest group of whites in the South was made up of
yeo
men
.
pla
ntat
ion o
wners.
tena
nt far
mer
s.
rura
l poor.
25% 25%25%25%A. yeomen.
B. plantation owners.
C. tenant farmers.
D. rural poor.
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The main goal of large plantation owners was to
ensl
ave
people
.
pro
duce m
ore c
otton.
ear
n a p
rofit
.
build
a la
rger
pla
ntatio
n.
25% 25%25%25%A. enslave people.
B. produce more cotton.
C. earn a profit.
D. build a larger plantation.
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Who was the religious leader who led a slave revolt in 1831?
Har
riet T
ubman
Nat
Turn
er
Fre
deric
k Dougla
ss
Eli
Whi
tney
25% 25%25%25%A. Harriet Tubman
B. Nat Turner
C. Frederick Douglass
D. Eli Whitney
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African American folk songs that expressed the passionate beliefs of the South's
enslaved workers were called
ove
rsee
rs.
yeo
men
.
sla
ve c
odes
.
spiri
tual
s.
25% 25%25%25%A. overseers.
B. yeomen.
C. slave codes.
D. spirituals.
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What was the network of safe houses that assisted runaway enslaved persons?
sla
ve h
ouse
s
runaw
ay h
ouses
Under
grou
nd Rai
lroad
sla
ve c
odes
25% 25%25%25%A. slave houses
B. runaway houses
C. Underground Railroad
D. slave codes
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Participant Scores
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Team Scores
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