comjagat.comcomjagat.com/archive/issues/7b08e4c890e846c9b7276844d8273ceb.pdfRvbyq vwi 2018 eQi 27...

Rvbyqvwi 2018 eQi 27 msL¨v 09

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32 wd‡i †`Lv cÖhyw³gq 20172017 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡ki cÖhyw³ we‡k¦N‡U hvIqvi wewfbœ NUbvi Av‡jv‡KcÖwZ‡e`bwU ‰Zwi K‡i‡Qb Bg`v`yj nK|

35 2017 : †miv wKQz D™¢veb36 cÖhyw³ `ywbqvq N‡U hvIqv D‡jøL‡hvM¨ NUbv

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37 B›Uvi‡b‡U 10 †KvwUi gvBjdj‡Ki gy‡Levsjv‡`kevsjv‡`‡ki B›Uvi‡bU eënviKvixi msL¨v Zz‡j a‡iwj‡L‡Qb †gv: wg›Uz †nv‡mb|

38 †`‡ki Zwor-cÖhyw³ wk‡íi wKse`wšÍAvjnvR Gm Gg bRiæj Bmjvg

39 ENGLISH SECTIONThe Values at the Core of Our Digital Future

42 NEWS WATCH* Digital Window* Samsung adds another ally in its battle over HDR standards* Lenovo’s New ThinkPads Pack 8th-gen Cores* Acer’s New Gaming PCs Include an 18-core Liquid

51 MwY‡Zi AwjMwjMwY‡Zi AwjMwj kxl©K avivevwnK †jLvq MwYZ`v`yGevi Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb K¨ve bv¤v‡ii bvbv gRv|

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53 gva¨wgK †kÖwYi wkÿv_©x‡ì AvBwmwU wel‡qiA¨v‡Wvwe d‡Uvkc wb‡q Av‡jvPbv

54 D”P gva¨wgK †kÖwYi AvBwmwU wel‡qi¸iæZ¡c~Y© K‡qKwU cÖ‡kœvËi wb‡q Av‡jvPbv

55 ¸M‡ji `„wó‡Z †Mj eQ‡ii wKQz †miv A¨vçM‡ji `„wó‡Z †Mj eQ‡ii †miv K‡qKwUA¨vc wb‡q wj‡L‡Qb Av‡bvqvi †nv‡mb|

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58 †miv AbjvBb gv‡K©wUs I †mjm Uzj†miv AbjvBb gv‡K©wUs I †mjm Uz‡ji cÖ_gce© Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb Av‡bvqvi †nv‡mb|

59 Ac‡Ub †ggwi ebvg mwjW †÷U WªvBfAc‡Ub †ggwi I mwjW †÷U WªvB‡fi wewfbœ w`KZz‡j a‡i‡Qb cÖ‡KŠkjx ZvRyj Bmjvg|

61 mvP© BwÄb AcwUgvB‡Rkb : Ad‡cR GmBImvP© BwÄb AcwUgvB‡Rk‡b Ad‡cR GmBIwb‡q wj‡L‡Qb bvRgyj nvmvb gRyg`vi|

63 †m‡Þ¤^‡i KvbvWvi gw›Uª‡j AvšÍR©vwZK MÖvwd· m‡¤§jbMÖvwd· I A¨vwb‡gkb m‡¤§j‡bi Ici Av‡jvKcvZK‡i wj‡L‡Qb bvRgyj nvmvb gRyg`vi|

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65 Rvfvq A¨v‡i_‡gwUK, KwÛkbvj I †Km Acv‡iUi KwÛkbvj I †Km Acv‡iUi m¤ú‡K© ms‡ÿ‡cwj‡L‡Qb †gv: Ave`yj Kv‡ì|

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69 mgm¨v Ggb G‡·j IqvK©wk‡Ui Kv‡R axiMwZG‡·j IqvK©wk‡Ui Kv‡Ri axiMwZi KviYZz‡j a‡i wj‡L‡Qb Zvmbyfv gvn&gy |

71 j¨vcU‡ci wKQz mvaviY mgm¨v I mgvavbj¨vcU‡ci wKQz mvaviY mgm¨v I Zvimgvavb w`‡q‡Qb Zvmbxg gvn&gy |

73 Kx Avm‡Q ¯§vU©‡dv‡bi RvqMvq?¯§vU©‡dv‡bi RvqMvq Kx Avm‡Q Zv Zz‡ja‡i‡Qb †gv: mvÕ`v` ingvb|

74 †M‡gi RMr75 KgwcDUvi RM‡Zi Lei

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Azker Dil 84

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Flora Limited (Lenovo) 05

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Global Brand (Pvt.) Ltd. (Lenevo) 13

Global Brand (Pvt.) Ltd. (Asus) 12

HP Back Cover

IEB 26

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Multilink Int. Co. Ltd. (HP) 06

Multilink Int. Co. Ltd. (Mtech) 07

Ranges Electronice Ltd. 10

Reve Antivirus 49

Smart Technologies (HP) 14

Smart Technologies (HP Gigbyte) 18

Smart Technologies (Toshiba) 17

Smart Technologies (bd) Ltd. (Samsung Monitor) 15

Smart Technologies (Ricoh) 87

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Walton-2 09

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cÖKvkK : bvRgv Kv‡ìK¶ b¤î-11, wewmGm KgwcDUvi wmwU†iv‡Kqv miwY, AvMviMuvI, XvKv-1207†dvb : 9183184, 9613016,01711544217, 01911598618B-†gBj : [email protected]‡qe : www.comjagat.com†hvMv‡hvM :KgwcDUvi RMrK¶ b¤î-11, wewmGm KgwcDUvi wmwU†iv‡Kqv miwY, AvMviMuvI, XvKv-1207†dvb : 9183184

Editor Golap MonirAssociate Editor Main Uddin MahmoodAssistant Editor Mohammad Abdul HaqueTechnical Editor Md. Abdul Wahed TomalCorrespondent Md. Abdul Hafiz

Published from :Computer JagatRoom No.11BCS Computer City, Rokeya SaraniAgargaon, Dhaka-1207Tel : 9183184

Published by : Nazma KaderTel : 9664723, 9613016E-mail : [email protected]

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22 KgwcDUvi RMr Rvbyqvwi 2018

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01. Kg Li‡P B›Uvi‡bU eªWe¨vÛ‡Kmviv †`‡k Qwo‡q †`qv

MZ K‡qK eQi GB Bmy wb‡q †gv¯ÍvdvReŸvi fvB me‡P‡q †ewk gyLi wQ‡jb|†gvevBj †UwjKg †Kv¤úvwb¸‡jv kniwfwËKw_ªwRÕi bv‡g †h fuvIZvevwR Ki‡Q, Kg `v‡ge ª W e ¨ v Û Ô w ¯ ú W Õ w K ‡ b Ô W v U v Õ w n ‡ m ‡ eA¯^vfvweK `v‡g wewµ Ki‡Q, †mB m‡PZbZvReŸvi fvB M‡o Zy‡j‡Qb| GQvov mviv

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02. †`kxq mdUIq¨vi evRvi‡Kwe‡`kx †Kv¤úvwb¸‡jvi ivûgy³ Kiv

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ENGLISH SECTION

If the Internet is a mirrorof society, as Vint Cerf(father of the Internet)

argued, the Internet GovernanceForum is a mirror of globaldigital politics.

IGF 2017 reflected on avery turbulent year in globalpolitics, with a number of issuesresonating throughout the week:values on the Internet, digitalfuture and frontier issues, dealingwith data, cyber security anddigital commerce, and the needfor action and capacitydevelopment.

Perhaps succeeding betterthan in the real world, manyconvergences were created atthe IGF, as the Geneva Messagesindicate. However, differencesemerged as the discussionmoved from principles toconcrete action and details. Forexample, while there is sharedunderstanding of the need for action incyber-security, there are differences asto whether this should be donegradually through existing law, orthrough major action with theadoption of a cyber-treaty.

Among the most frequently usedwords at this year’s IGF, many relate tohuman values, such as ‘community’,‘democracy’, ‘trust’, and ‘freedom’.Values came into focus in manydiscussions on artificial intelligence(AI), fake news, the role of Internetcompanies, human rights, and others.

Using the mirror metaphor, thevalues we relate to offline will applyonline. If people are fair, generous, andpeaceful offline, they are so online.But the reality is more complex.The Internet shapes our values andway of life.

For example, it amplifies politicaldifferences and reduces space forempathy across political, ethical, orsocial divisions. It also shapes behavior,in particular that of youngergenerations. What can be done if ourreality and perception are shaped bysearch-engine algorithms? Or if whatwe read is being affected by the spreadof fake news or information disorder?

The digital future andfrontier issues‘Shape your digital future’ was awell-chosen theme for the 12th IGF. In time of uncertainties, we turnto the future, which inspires withnew possibilities. The future is bothreassuring if the possibilities becomereality and threatening due to theuncertainties and unknown unknowns.AI dominated the discussion on thedigital future, which reflected itsprominence in media and publicdebates. Discussions ranged fromknown unknowns technologicalprogress, the importance of data forAI, autonomous weapons and cars, therelevance of ethics to unknownunknowns on the limits of AI’sgrowth and its impact on the futureof humanity.Dealing with data,cybersecurity, and digitalcommerceData, cybersecurity, and digitalcommerce were three of the mostprominent issues in dealing with theknown knowns in digital policy. Data was in the Top 5 mostfrequently used terms during the IGF.It featured in general debates, but alsoin very concrete discussions on what

will happen on 25 May 2018,when the EU General DataProtection Regulation (GDPR)comes into effect. Data was alsothe underlying theme of a seriesof open forums organised byGeneva-based organisationsfocusing on data inhumanitarian, climate change,and trade and developmentactivities.Cybersecurity was anotherfrequently mentioned concept.The underlying question washow to fill the gap in globalcybersecurity regulation, whichappeared after the last UnitedNations Group of Governmental Experts onDevelopments in the Field ofInformation andTelecommunications in theContext of InternationalSecurity (UN GGE) failed to reachconsensus on a final report.Microsoft’s proposal for a DigitalGeneva Convention triggered manydebates, including controversies. The debate on digital commercetook place only one week after theWorld Trade Organization (WTO)Ministerial Meeting in Buenos Aires,which failed to advance thediscussion on e-commerce. Although it is too early to reflecton the next steps, a few issuesemerged. These included a possibleplurilateral agreement on digitalcommerce, and the risk that digitalcommerce regulation could be a backdoor for regulating issues ofcybersecurity and data protection.A call for actionThe risks are major and the future isuncertain. Problems will not be solvedby themselves. The digital invisiblehand does not work, as societalproblems will not be solved just bytechnology. A call for action resonatedduring the IGF, but differences emergeon what, by whom, how, where, andwhen policy action can be taken. For example, there wasconsensus that cybersecurity is atrisk and something has to be done.

Reflecting on IGF 2017The Values At The Core Of Our Digital Future

Mohammad Abdul Haque Anu, return from Geneva, Switzerland

President of Swiss Confederation Doris Leauthard exchangesgreetings with Information Minister Hasanul Haq Inu at the

inauguration of 12th UN IGF in Geneva, 18 Dec 2017

39 COMPUTER JAGAT JANUARY 2017


As we are here to discuss shaping our future digitalglobe and its governance, first, we look, where westand. We are In the 3rd Industrial Revolution of ICT, butrace for the 4th is on and the world is parallellyentering into 4th Industrial Revolution, powered byArtificial Intelligence, IOT, Big Data, Analytics, Nano-technology, Robots and so on.That sounds great. But, the question is, how much weare ready for it! There still are unfinished task in present 3rdrevolution of ICT to fill the gaps. Along with otherdeficits to mention 57% of the 7.5 billion population ofthe world are still Offline.Amidst this situation, in one word, I would say,where stands my country Bangladesh. In spite of being adeveloping nation, under the leadership of PrimeMinister Sheikh Hasina, is `Ready for tomorrow’. Out of160 million people, we have 80 million Internet users,130 million Mobile users, ICT Education is Compulsoryand 22 thousand ICT Labs have been established inSecondary Schools. All these steps aim at making thenation `Digital Bangladesh’ by 2021. So certain issues and constraints are to be addressedto shape the future digital globe:1. Threat of Cyber-criminals/Cyber war on Cyberspace. 2. Lack of digital literacy and capacity in leastdeveloped and developing countries.3. States and people of the globe are yet to cope withfast digitization. 4. Lack in digital economy management. And5. Management of Internet.

With a view to address the above, I propose fourGlobal Agreements coupled with seven Action Plans.The 4 Global Agreements include-1. A Cyberspace Treaty: The expanding digital spaceshould have to be free from cybercrimes and cyber-wars. For that, we need a Global Cyberspace Treaty. 2. A Digital Economy Framework under UN initiatives:A framework is a must to harmonize nationalregulation verses global business objectives and cross-border digital trade. Concentration of global north-based international e-commerce is a threat to the tax-revenues of the global south. This needs to have a fairand equitable collection and distribution of tax-revenues around the world. And to achieve that, UNshould initiate this Digital Economy Framework. 3. Universal Declaration on `Right to Internet as a

Basic Human Right by Law’: Every human beingmust have the right to access this enablingtechnology for free.4. Multi-stakeholder Democratic Governance of theInternet under UN sanctioned format: Democracy inInternet Governance is a key factor for its sustainability.

The 7 Action Plans include-1. Connecting the Un-Connected2. Content development in respective mother tongues 3. Re-modeling of education system to develop ICT-literate citizens 4. Widened role of the governments to establish basicdigital infrastructure5. Removal of trans-boundary barriers in E-Commerce,E-Trade and E-Business 6. SDG-compatible digitization to erode social,economic and digital divide7. Safe, accessible and affordable internet for all.Before I conclude, I once again draw attention of theforum to the proposed 4 Global Agreements and 7Action Plans to make Internet affordable, accessible,efficient, resilient, reliable, inter-operable, functional,stable secure, as well as, scalable in the long run. Thus,we will be able to shape our future with sustainable,inclusive and pro-people digital global governance CJ

Information Minister Hasanul Haq Inu addresses Inaugural Thematic Session of 12th UN IGF in Geneva on Shaping Our Future Digital Globe on 18 Dec 2017

ENGLISH SECTION

Opening High Level Thematic Session 18 Dec 2017Speech of H E Hasanul Haq Inu MPInformation Minister, BangladeshonShaping Our Future Digital

Global Governance

But the differences start with thenext step. Many OECD countries arguethat action should be careful based onimplementation of existing law, asthe UN GGE recommended.Microsoft proposed the adoption ofa Digital Geneva Convention, whichhas generated controversial reactions.Similarly, developing countries arefar from enthusiastic about amultilateral arrangement on digitaltrade. Developed countries see it asone of the WTO’s priorities. IGF 2017 Attendance &Programme StatisticsThe 12th annual meeting of theInternet Governance Forum (IGF 2017)took place in Geneva, Switzerland, from18 to 21 December 2017.

The programme included 4 hostcountry and ceremonial sessions; 8main/special sessions; 99 workshops;45 open forums; 4 individual BPFsessions; 15 individual DC sessions; 8individual NRIs sessions; 13 sessionsclassified as “other”; 24 lightningsessions; and 40 Day 0 events; for atotal of 260 sessions in the overallprogramme (220 if Day 0 events arenot counted). 55 booths were featuredin the IGF Village. The meeting wasattended by 2019 onsite participants*,from 142 countries, representing allstakeholder groups and regions.[*The figure for onsite participantsmay be as high as 2219, as delegatesbased in Geneva with pre-existingaccess to UNOG may not have gonethrough the regular badging process.]

32 remote hubs were organizedaround the world, with 1661stakeholders participating online. Thelargest number of online participantscame from the following countries:United States, Switzerland, Nigeria,China, India, Brazil, France, UnitedKingdom and Mexico.Bangladesh delegation for the UN12th Internet Governance Forum(IGF), Head of Delegation, H.E.Hasanul Haq Inu, MP, InformationMinister of others delegationmembers Mir Akram UddinAhammad, Senior Information & PROfficer, Minister’s Office, Ministry ofInformation and Mohammad AbdulHaque, Secretary General, BangladeshInternet Governance Forum (BIGF) CJ


ENGLISH SECTION

The impact of digitization can be most simply, yeteffectively understood when we see, earlier power usedto generate from the barrel of a gun, then it was the ballot,and now, power emanates from the click of a mouse. It is the Internet, that empowers people the most.And, democracy is not only vote-centric, it is a multi-dimensional paradigm which encompasses variouscomponents of fundamental human rights. And if we look at our governments, we see, not onlyours, but in many country’s constitution, fundamentalpolicy of the state does not only include democracy, butalso fundamental human rights. But the trend of`Politics’ is still practicing `Majoritarian Autocracy’ inthe name of `Democracy’. And so, people’s fullparticipation is not ensured. That is why present daypolitics in many countries is either non-transparent andnon-accountable or transparency and accountability isnot hundred percent.Having said that, I must mention few impacts ofDigitization to ponder over. 1. Digitization is creating a glass-house where we alllive in. 2. It is shedding light on the non-transparent corridorsof bureaucracy.3. It is ensuring more free flow of information. 4. Digitization is widening participation of people instate mechanism. 5. It compels more accountability. 6. It has a booming effect on mass-media, which isbecoming a vibrant watchdog.

7. Digitization is democratizing the society in realterms, empowering people and wiping out the digitaldivide and social gaps.Now, the question is how to harness these positiveimpacts of digitization for a better world for all. For thatI propose, every country should acknowledge Internetas a fundamental human right and right to Internetshould be enacted by law and state should ensure freeInternet for all. We cannot talk about a digitized globe until Internetis free for all. And only when all people will be digitallyempowered- - Autocratic tendency will be curbed.- Corruption will be lessened.- Bureaucratic stigma will be abolished. - People and state apparatus will be closer.- People will have the capacity to hold information onpalm-top and hence,- Every person on earth will be digitally enlightened.Thus, digitization will bring the ideals from the pagesof constitution to the real day-to-day life of people andwill make politics and democracy real participatory andinclusive, built on firm public trust CJ

High Level Thematic Session 19 Dec 2017Speech of H E Hasanul Haq Inu MPInformation Minister, BangladeshonImpact of Digitization on Politics,

Public Trust & Democracy

Information Minister Hasanul Haq Inu addresses 12th UN IGF in Geneva on Impact of Digitization on 19 Dec 2017

NEWSWATCH


Lenovo’s New ThinkPadsPack 8th-gen CoresLenovo just revamped the lion’s shareof its ThinkPad lineup, and it’s goodnews if you want a speedy portablethat won’t weigh down your lap-top bag... or if you’re privacy-conscious, for that matter. Itsnew ThinkPad X, T and L mod-els have all made the switch tofaster 8th-generation Intel Core processors while sportingslimmer, lighter bodies. The 12.5-inch X280, for example, is15 percent thinner (0.69in) and 20 percent lighter (2.6lbs)than its predecessor. There’s also a new 13-inch L-series(the L380) for people who want a no-frills pro laptop in amore portable design than the 14- and 15-inch versions.Logically, there are specific upgrade perks depending onthe machine in question. The ThinkPad Yoga X360 hasActive Pen and an infrared camera for Windows Hello,while the X280 has rapid charging that gives it 80 percentwithin an hour. And if you’re using the 14-inch L480 or 15-inch L580, you now have new choices for dedicated AMDgraphics. Not that it’s a simple speed bump.Lenovo is promising a quick launch for the new systems. Allthe updated ThinkPads start arriving later in January.Prices start at $609 for the L380, while you're looking at$989 for a base T480, $999 for an X280 and $1,459 for theYoga X380. Need a monitor? There's an extra-thin 24-inch1080p display, the ThinkVision X24 ($249), as well as the32-inch, 4K-capable ThinkVision P32u ($1,349) withThunderbolt 3. The X24 arrives in January, although you'llhave to wait until March for the P32u w

Samsung adds another allyin its battle over HDR standardsThis isn’t exactly taking itback to the days of HD-DVD vs. Blu-ray, butSamsung’s fight to pushHDR10+ as an alternativeto Dolby Vision is heatingup. We have more detailson how the two standards compare right here, but onemain feature is that both improve on regular HDR10 byallowing content makers to dynamically adjust settingsfrom one scene to another, or even from one frame toanother.While Dolby Vision been licensed by many TV manufactur-ers, Samsung isn’t one of them and has chosen instead topush HDR10+ as a royalty-free alternative. Now WarnerBros. is joining Samsung, Fox and Panasonic in supportingHDR10+ on its 4K video releases.We don't have a lot of specific information, but the teaminsists that other companies are also interested in usingHDR10+, and soon they'll have access when its certifica-tion and logo program opens up. If it takes off, then thatcould mean there's an extra sticker/setting to look for onyour next 4K TV, Ultra HD Blu-ray player, or movie w

Digital WindowIt is observed that the access to ICT andimplication of digital application haveseen tremendous growth from last fewdecades. This development of ICT sec-tor which is one of trusted sectors ofBangladesh has mostly been driven byweb based applications, standalonedesktop applications, client-server tech-nology, mobile apps, the wireless tech-nologies, both data and Internet con-nectivity based on nation-wide net-working, telecommunications and ICTinfrastructure. It is explicit that ourdomestic ICT companies also involve significantly for imple-mentation of ICT solutions and are able to improve the skillsubstantially and also develop human resources in bothtechnology and ICT management grounds.This publication, namely the Digital Window addresses theoverviews of several topic that can help turning traditionalprocess of work execution and procedures into digitalactivities as evident by business process automation, work-flow, several other system and/or software modules asappropriate. Some of the topics included are system andSystem Analysis, Steps towards digital Bangladesh,Structured Query Language, Management InformationSystem etc.Digital Window which is the first one from a series of pub-lications in the next. Topics described in the DigitalWindow are able to communicate the idea and implicationof the implemented software in Roads and HighwaysDepartment. It secures seamless advantage as a result ofusing central management system, roads maintenance andmanagement system, e-GP, tenderer database managementsystem, e-Filing, GIS and other software modules runningover RHD-MIS IT infrastructure which is a combined func-tioning of servers, storages, network switches, Internetrouters, power supply etc. w Acer’s New Gaming PCs Include an 18-core Liquid-Cooled DesktopIt wouldn’t be an Acer CES event without some gaming PCs,and this year the focus is on the desktop crowd. The PCmaker is unveiling two systems headlined by the US releaseof the Predator Orion 9000, a spare-no-expense tower fordedicated gamers. The system uses a combination of liquidcooling and a partitioned airflow system to drive some seri-ously high-end components with little noise and someroom for overclocking, including up to an18-core Intel Core i9, twin GeForce GTX1080 Ti graphics cards and as much as128GB of RAM.The case is also tailor-made forLAN parties with handles andwheels, while the tool-free win-dow can help with quicker part upgrades. There’s also noshortage of ports, although the array is slightly confusing:there are two USB 3.1 Gen 2 ports (one each of Type-C andType-A), eight USB 3.1 ports (one Type-C and seven Type-A), and (for some reason) two USB 2.0 ports. Acer’s laptop introduction, meanwhile, sits on the other endof the spectrum. The 15-inch Nitro 5 is aimed at “casualgamers” (or really, gamers on a budget) who want enoughpower to run modestly demanding titles when they’re awayfrom home. It won’t blow anyone away with its Ryzenmobile processor and Radeon RX560 video, but you do geta solid-state drive (up to 512GB), as much as 32GB of RAMand a “plethora” of connections that include USB Type-C,gigabit Ethernet and HDMI 2.0. w

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3 51 = 1536 21 = 126

Pvi wWwR‡Ui K‡qKwU K¨ve bv¤^vi :8 473 = 37849 351 = 315915 93 = 139521 87 = 182727 81 = 218735 41 = 1435

cvuP wWwR‡Ui K‡qKwU K¨ve bv¤^vi : 2 8741 = 17482, 2 8714 = 174283 7251 = 21753, 3 4281 = 12843

3 7125 = 21375, 3 4128 = 123846 2541 = 15246, 8 6521 = 521688 4973 = 39784, 9 7461 = 6714951 246 = 12546, 42 678 = 2847672 936 = 67932, 14 926 = 1296424 651 = 15624, 65 281 = 1826565 983 = 63895, 75 231 = 1732586 251 = 21586, 57 834 = 4753887 435 = 37845, 78 624 = 48672Gfv‡e Avgiv Qq A‡¼i, mvZ A‡¼i, AvU A‡¼i K¨ve bv¤^viI †ei

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distinct digits excluding 0 ) which can be represented as the productof two numbers which together contain the same digits as theoriginal number’|

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0 1 . † m j w m q v m † ¯ ‹ ‡ j i Z v c g v Î v ‡ Kdv‡ibnvBU †¯‹‡ji ZvcgvÎvq iƒcvšÍ‡ii RbÄ¨vjMwi`g, †d¬vPvU© I †cÖvMÖvg wjL| DËi : †mjwmqvm † ‹‡ji ZvcgvÎv‡K dv‡ibnvBU† ‹‡ji ZvcgvÎvq iƒcvšÍ‡ii A¨vjMwi`g : avc-1 : ïiæ Kwi|avc-2 : C BbcyU Kwi|avc-3 : F = 9*C/5+32 wbY©q Kwi|avc-4 : F wcÖ›U Kwi|avc- 5 : †kl Kwi|†cÖvMÖvg

#include <stdio.h>

#include <conio.h>

main( )

{

int C, F;

printf (“Enter Celcious temperature =”);

scanf (“%d”, &C);

F = (9*C)/5+32;

printf (“Ferhenheight temperature =

%d\n”, F);

getch();

}

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avc-2 : F BbcyU Kwi|avc-3 : C = (F-32)*5/9avc-4 : C wcÖ›U Kwi|avc-5 : †kl Kwi|

†cÖvMÖvg#include <stdio.h>

#include <conio.h>

main()

{

int F, C;

printf (“Enter Ferhenheight temperature

=”);

scanf (“%d”, &F);

C = 5/9*(F-32);

printf (“Celcious temperature = %d\n”,

F);

getch();

}

0 3 . w Z b w U m s L ¨ v ig ‡ a ¨ e o m s L ¨ v w Uw b Y © ‡ q i A ¨ v j M w i ` g ,† d ¬ v P v U © I † c Ö v M Ö v gwjL|avc-1 : ïiæ Kwi| avc-2 : wZbwU msL¨vcwo|avc-3 : 1g msL¨vwUwK 2q msL¨vi †P‡qeo? (K) nuv|avc-4 : 1g msL¨vwUwK 3q msL¨vi †P‡q

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†cÖvMÖvg#include <stdio.h>

#include <conio.h>

main( )

{

int a, b, c;

printf (“Enter three numbers:”);

scanf (“%d %d %d”, &a, &b, &c);

if ((a > b) && (a > c))

printf (“\n Largest Value = %d”, a);

else if ((b > a) && (b > c))

printf (“\n Largest Value = %d”, b);

else

printf (“\n Largest Value = %d”, c);

getch ( );

}

wdWe¨vK : [email protected]

KR

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D`vniY¯iƒc, Avcwb wbw ©ó K‡i w`‡Zcv‡ib †Kvb A¨vwcø‡Kkb Ges †mev e¨vÛDBW_eënv‡ii †¶‡Î AMÖvwaKvi cv‡e| Giciw`‡bi GKwU wbw ©ó mg‡q WvDb‡jvWvi¸‡jvwbgœ AMÖvwaKvi cv‡eÑ †mwUI GLv‡b wba©viYK‡i †`qv hv‡e| WvDb‡jv‡Wi Rb¨ wbw ©ó KivdvBjwU †c‡Z AviI mgq jvM‡e, wKš‘†bUIqv‡K© Ab¨ mevB Avcbv‡K abëv` †`‡e,KviY Zv‡ì KvR dvBj WvDb‡jv‡Wi Kvi‡Y†Zgb wewNœZ n‡e bv| QoS †mwUsm mvaviYZ†bUIqv‡K©i A¨vWwgwb‡÷ªUi B›Uvi‡d‡miA¨vWfvÝW †mwUsm¸‡jvi Aax‡b cvIqv hv‡e|

N. A¨v‡›Ubv cÖwZ ’vcb : hw` AvcbviivDUv‡ii GKwU Af¨šÍixY A¨v‡›Ubv bv _v‡K,

Zvn‡j evwn¨K A¨v‡›Ubv †hvM Kiv GKwU fv‡jvaviYv n‡Z cv‡i| evwn¨K A¨v‡›Ubv kw³kvjxms‡KZ cvVv‡Z mnvqK f~wgKv cvjb K‡i_v‡K| A‡bK ivDUvi wbg©vZv me©Rbxb evIgwbWvB‡iKkbvj A¨v‡›Ubv wewµ K‡i, hv mew`‡KB ms‡KZ cvVvq| wKQy Avevi Av‡QWvB‡iKkbvj, hv GKwU wbw ©ó w`‡K wmMb¨vjcvwV‡q _v‡K| †ewkifvM Af¨šÍixY A¨v‡›UbvIgwbwW‡iKkbvj cÖK…wZi n‡q _v‡K| myZivshw` Avcwb GKwU evwn¨K A¨v‡›Ubv µq K‡ib,GwU Ôhigh-gainÕ wPwýZ n‡Z n‡e, Zvn‡j GwUwmMb¨v‡ji gvb DbœZ Kivi wel‡q GKwU

cv_©K¨ ˆZwi Ki‡Z m¶g n‡e| GKwUWvB‡iKkbvj A¨v‡›Ubv GKwU fv‡jvweKí n‡Z _v‡K| †bUIqv‡K© Avcbvi`ye©j ’v‡bi w`‡K gyL K‡i evwn¨KA¨v‡›Ubv‡K †mU Kiæb Ges GwUZ`byhvqx wmMb¨vj m¤cÖPvi Ki‡e|Kxfv‡e Gme WvB‡iKkbvj A¨v‡›UbvwK‡b †mU Ki‡Z n‡e, Zvi we ÍvwiZRvb‡Z ivDUvi wbg©vZvi I‡qemvBUwUeªvDR Ki‡Z n‡e|

O. †eZvi †iÄ G·‡UÛvi ’vcb :m¤¢eZ GwU ïay †bUIqv‡K©i we Í…wZ ev

AvKv‡ii mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z| meivDUvi ïay GKwU wbw ©ó `~iZ¡ch©šÍ wbf©i‡hvM¨fv‡e m¤cÖPvi

Ki‡Z m¶g| Gici `~ieZ©x ’v‡b ms‡KZ`ye©j n‡q Av‡m| hw` Avcbvi Iq¨vi‡jm†bUIqvK©wU GKwU e„nr GjvKvRy‡o _v‡K, Z‡eAvcbvi GKwU †eZvi †iÄ G·‡UÛvi ’vc‡bicÖ‡qvRb n‡e| GwU Iq¨vi‡jm wiwcUvi evGKwU Wi-Fi we ÍviKvix wn‡m‡eI cwiwPZ|GwU Avcbvi †bUIqvK© wmMb¨vj evov‡ZmnvqZv Kivi Rb¨ eënvi n‡e| GwU IBme†¶‡Î eënvi Kiv ìKvi, †hLv‡b †bUIqvK©mxgvi g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv cyiæ †`qvj ev Ab¨vb¨wdwRK¨vj KvVv‡gv wmMb¨vj `ye©j K‡i †`q evevavMÖ Í K‡i|

†iÄ G·‡UÛvi GKwU ÷¨vÛvW© ivDUviAbyiƒc †`Lvq, wKš‘ wfbœfv‡e GwU KvR K‡i|Zviv Avcbvi Iq¨vi‡jm ivDUvi †_‡K we`¨gvbWi-Fi m‡¼Z MÖnY Ki‡e Ges †mwU Avevim¤úªPvi Ki‡e| †iÄ G·‡UÛvi n‡”Q Ab¨ GKwUK¬v‡q›U, hvi GKwU IP wVKvbv _vK‡e, A‡bKUvj¨vcU‡ci g‡Zv| hwÌ GwU GKwU ivDUvi bq,ZeyI Avcwb G‡K cÖavb †bUIqvK© ivDUv‡iiKvQvKvwQ ’vcb Kiv‡eb, hv‡Z GwU g~j wmMb¨vjZz‡j wb‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ `ye©j ¯ú‡Ui KvQvKvwQG‡K ivL‡Z n‡e, hv‡Z GwU †bUIqvK© wmMb¨vjcÖmvwiZ Ki‡Z cv‡i| Avcbv‡K we`¨gvbivDUv‡ii Abyiƒc eª vÛ ev g‡W‡ji G·‡UÛvi†Kbvi †Kv‡bv cÖ‡qvRb †bB| wKš‘ m‡¼Z m¤úªPviKi‡Z m¶g GK G·‡UÛviB evQvB Kiv DwPZ|D`vniY¯iƒc, hw` Avcbvi ivDUviwU 802.11ac÷¨vÛv‡W©i nq, Zvn‡j 802.11 n G·‡UÛvi†Kbvi †Kv‡bv cÖ‡qvRb †bB


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mvP© BwÄb AcwUgvB‡Rkb ev GmBI n‡”QmvP© BwÄ‡bi mvP© †iRvë, AbjvBb wW‡i±wiev Ab¨vb¨ Drm †_‡K UªvwdK wb‡q Avmv| GBUzj¸‡jv Avcbv‡K GmBI AcwUgvBRW K‡iAbjvB‡b Dcw ’wZ‡K K‡i Zzj‡e `„k¨gvb|Gi d‡j A‡bK †ewk wfwRUi AvKwl©Z n‡qAvcbvi I‡qemvB‡U Avm‡e|ìKvix I‡qemvBUmg~n

01. I‡cbmvBU G·‡cøvivi : GmBIÕiRb¨ †hme welq LyeB ìKvix, †mm‡eiK‡qKwU n‡”Q wj¼ wimvP©, e¨vK wj¼m,A¨v¼i †U·Umn AviI A‡bK wKQz| G¸‡jvimeB wd« cvIqv hv‡e GB mvBU †_‡K|

02. GmBGg ivm : cÖwZØ›ØxI‡qemvBU †Kgb cvidg© Ki‡Q Zv RvbvRiæwi| G‡Z †Kv_vq †Kv_vq †Rvi w`‡Zn‡e ev †Kv_vq KvR Ki‡j fv‡jv djcvIqv hv‡e BZ¨vw` me wKQz Rvbv hv‡e|

03. KzBK ¯úªvDU : Gi mvnv‡h¨GKvwaK wel‡qi Ici Lye ZvovZvwowe‡kølY Kiv hv‡e| Avevi †m AbyqvqxAvcbvi I‡qemvB‡U wK Ki‡Z n‡e †mwel‡qI mvnvh¨ Ki‡e GB mvBU|

04. A_wiwU j¨vem : Gi mvnv‡hÏ‡qemvB‡Ui i¨vw¼s Uª¨vK Kivi mv‡_ mv‡_wewfbœ I‡qe eªvDRvi †hgbÑ ¸Mj, BqvûI wes‡q cÖwZwbqZ Kx ai‡bi cwieZ©bAvm‡Q, †mme wPwýZ Kiv hvq|

05. IqvW© Uª¨vKvi : nvB cvidg©wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ A‡bK mgq wbw`©ó kãev kã¸”Q Lyu‡R †ei Kivi ìKvi c‡o,†m †¶‡Î GB mvBU n‡e mnvqK|

06. BDRvimv‡R÷ : wKIqvW© mv‡RkbUz‡ji gva¨‡g wKIqvW© AvBwWqv cvIqviRb¨ mvnvh¨ Ki‡e GB I‡qemvBU|

07. wKIqvW© Uzj : ¸M‡ji GBA¨vWIqvW© UzjwU ¸Mj mv‡P©i †UªÛ,wKIqvW©mn AviI A‡bK ai‡bi †mevw`‡q _v‡K|

08. GmBI eyK : GmBI fv‡jvfv‡eeyS‡Z I Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡e GB mvBU|

09. †gvR †jvKvj : me mvP© BwÄb,wW‡i±wi I AbjvBb wjw÷s‡q Avcbvi†Kv¤cvwbi bvg wjwce× Ki‡Z mvnvh¨Ki‡e GB mvBUwU|

10. B‡qv÷ : GwU IqvW©‡cÖ‡mi GKwUcøvMBb| Gi mvnv‡h¨ Avcbvi I‡qemvBUI eø‡Mi GmBI Kiv hv‡e LyeB mn‡R|

11. †mvk¨vj wgwWqv : MZvbyMwZKP¨v‡b‡ji Zzjbvq †mvk¨vj wgwWqvi gva¨‡gAwW‡qÝ ev †µZv‡ì mv‡_ Gb‡MR‡g›U

evov‡bv hvq A‡bK Kg Li‡P| GBgva¨g¸‡jv eënvi K‡i †mvk¨vj wgwWqvgv‡K©wUs Kiv hv‡e Lye mn‡RB|

12. †mvwmWz : GB I‡qemvBUwU†µZv‡ì aib Abyhvqx †mvk¨vj m¤¢vebvLuy‡R †c‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i|

13. Ucwm : evRv‡i Kx ai‡bi †UªÛPj‡Q ev †Kvb welq¸‡jvi Ici gvby‡liAvMÖn †ewk BZ¨vw` Rvbv LyeB Riæwi|

14. evdvi : GKvwaK †mvk¨vj wgwWqvime Z_¨ g‡b ivLv †ek KwVb GKwU KvR|GB I‡qemvB‡Ui gva¨‡g Avcbvi me†mvk¨vj wgwWqvi A¨vKvD‡›Ui Z_¨ GKRvqMvq ivLvi myweav cvIqv hv‡e|

15. ûUmyBU : GwU A‡bKUv evdv‡iig‡ZvB, Z‡e A¨vWfvÝW eënviKvix‡ìRb¨ GB mvBU| †Kbbv, G‡Z Av‡Q wKQzAwZwi³ wdPvi, †h¸‡jv mPivPi Ab¨vb¨RvqMvq cvIqv hvq bv|

16. †÷vwidvB : GwU I‡qe Ry‡oQwo‡q _vKv wewfbœ Drm †_‡K wgwWqvmsMÖn K‡i †`q| G‡Z Lye mn‡RB BDwbKKb‡U›U ˆZwi Kiv hvq|

17. †mvk¨vjIgcm : GwU A‡bKUvwgwWqv eë¯’vcbv Uzj ûUmyBU ev evdv‡iig‡Zv|

18. †kqviKvD›U : †mvk¨vj wgwWqv‡Z†Kv‡bv GKwU wbw`©ó Kb‡U›U ev wj¼KZevi †kqvi n‡q‡Q, Zv Rvbv hv‡e GBUz‡ji mvnv‡h¨|

19. †KjAvDU : GB Uz‡ji gva¨‡g†mvk¨vj wgwWqvq Avcbvi cÖfve ev A_wiwUKZUzKz, Zv cwigvc Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡e|

20. weUwj : eo eo wj¼ †`L‡j†ewkifvM wfwRU‡iB Zv covi ev Z_¨†bqvi AvMÖn nvwi‡q †d‡j| G‡Z G †¶‡ÎAmy›ì Avi we`Ny‡U me wj¼‡K cwiYZK‡i my›ì I AvKl©Yxq wj‡¼


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B›Uvi‡bU I mvgvwRK†hvMv‡hvM gva¨‡gicwifvlv †gv: Ave`yj Kv‡ì

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class ArithmeticOp{public static void main(String args[]){int p=5,q=12,r=20,s;s=p+q;System.out.println(“p+q is = “+s);s=p%q;System.out.println(“p%q is = “+s);s *=r;System.out.println(“s *=r is = “+s);System.out.println(“Value of p before operation

is = “+p);p++;System.out.println(“Value of p after operation is

= “+p);

double x=25.75,y=14.25,z;z=x-y;System.out.println(“x-y is =”+z);z-=2.50;System.out.println(“z-=2.50 is = “+z);System.out.println(“Value of z before operation

is = “+z);z—;System.out.println(“Value of z after operation is

= “+z);z=x/y;System.out.println(“x/y is = “+z);

}}

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publicclassLogicalOp{publicstaticvoid main(String args[]){boolean a =true;boolean b =false;System.out.println(“a && b = “+(a&&b));System.out.println(“a || b = “+(a||b));System.out.println(“!(a && b) = “+!(a && b));

}}

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class CaseOpEx{public static void main(String args[])

{int num1;int num2;char operator;//Conversion into an intnum1=

Integer.parseInt(args[0]);num2=

Integer.parseInt(args[2]);//Conversion into a charoperator = args[1].charAt(0);switch(operator){case ‘+’:System.out.println(“On addition

:” +(num1+num2));break;case ‘-’:System.out.println(“On subtrac-

tion :” +(num1-num2));break;case ‘x’:System.out.println(“On multipli-

cation :” +(num1*num2));break;

case ‘/’:System.out.println(“On division :”

+(num1/num2));break;case ‘%’:System.out.println(“On modulus :”

+(num1%num2));break;default :System.out.println(“Invalid Operator”);

}}}

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?>

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