REVIEW

Chapter 20: THE AGE OF EXPLORATION

Who was a Portuguese prince who promoted the study of navigation, founded a navigation school, and directed voyages of exploration down the western coast of Africa?

Henry the Navigator

Who was a Portuguese explorer who in 1488 was the first European to sail around the Cape of Good Hope, thus establishing a sea route from the Atlantic to Asia?

Bartolomeu Dias

Who was a Portuguese sailor who was the first European to sail around southern Africa to the Indian Ocean?

Vasco da Gama

Who conquered the Incans in Peru?

Francisco Pizarro

Who conquered the Aztec in Central Mexico?

Hernando Cortes

What are the “Three G’s” – reasons for exploration?

God, Gold, and Glory

Which colony (modern-day country) was Portugal’s most productive sugar producing colony?

Brazil

What is the Treaty of Tordesilla?

Line that divided Spain and Portugal’sclaims. Portugal got west of theline, which included most of theAmericas, Portugal got land to

the east, which included parts of modern-day Brazil.

Who was the first to realize that the Americas were different continents than Asia and the New World was named in honor of him?

Amerigo Vespucci

Who was the first European to reach the Pacific Ocean?

Vasco Nunez de Balboa

Who was the first explorer to be recognized for circumnavigating the globe?

Ferdinand Magellan

What was France’s first reason for exploration?

Find a northwestern passage – a new trade route to Asia

Why were France’s North American holding so sparsely populated?

Priests and fur traders had no desire to build towns and

start families

Where was “New France” located?

Midwestern United States & Eastern Canada

Who were the Pilgrims?

English seeking religious freedom. Set up second permanent colony in the New World

(Plymouth).

What is the number one demand of the colonies that led to the Atlantic Slave Trade?

CHEAP LABOR (for sugar and cotton plantations)

What were the four advantages to using Africans versus Native Americans as slaves in the New World?

1. Easily identifiable2. Already immune to European diseases

3. Less likely to escape4. Already had farming experience

What is the buying and selling of Africans for work in the New World?

Atlantic Slave Trade

What is the Middle Passage?

voyage from Africa across the Atlantic to the Americas

What was the purpose of most of the joint-stock companies of the late 1500s and 1600s?

Funding colonies in the Americas (New World)

mercantilism

What term means a country’s power depends mainly on its wealth?

Under mercantilism, what did European countries want their colonies to do?

Provide raw materials

What is an economic system based on private ownership and the investment of resources for profit?

capitalism

What is the transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the Old World and the Americas following Columbus's arrival in the Caribbean in 1492?

The Columbian Exchange

How was Africa affected by the Atlantic Slave Trade?

Many cultures lost their fittest members and families were torn apart