Research Article Microstrip Folded Dipole Antenna for...
7
Hindawi Publishing Corporation International Journal of Antennas and Propagation Volume 2013, Article ID 603654, 6 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/603654 Research Article Microstrip Folded Dipole Antenna for 35 GHz MMW Communication Guang Hua, Chen Yang, Ping Lu, Hou-Xing Zhou, and Wei Hong State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China Correspondence should be addressed to Guang Hua; [email protected] Received 8 October 2013; Accepted 27 November 2013 Academic Editor: Guo Qing Luo Copyright © 2013 Guang Hua et al. is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. A microstrip asymmetric folded dipole antenna on chip is proposed in this paper. e construction of balun feed line is adopted to provide wideband. A new design procedure based on the odd-even mode method to calculate the input impedance of an asymmetric strip folded dipole antenna is presented. e folded dipole antenna has the advantage of small size, low profile, low cost, and so forth. e measured results show that a miniaturized antenna has the bandwidth of more than 14.2% (VSWR ≤ 2); gain of the antenna is 5.7 dB at 35 GHz. 1. Introduction Recently, substantial knowledge about the 35 GHz mil- limeter-wave (MMW) channel has been accumulated and different architectures have been analyzed to develop new MMW communication systems for commercial applications. MMW technique has been used as a favorite data transmis- sion means for wireless or mobile communications. MMW integrated antenna, as the most effective reconnaissance tool, is popularly applied in many fields and becomes more and more indispensable. As is used in various fields for a highly attractive solution, several rigorous requirements for antennas such as small size, wide bandwidth, and stable radiation pattern are under consideration when the antenna is applied [1–3]. In this paper, a strip asymmetric folded dipole antenna and a new design procedure based on the odd-even mode method to calculate the input impedance of the antenna have been proposed to realize wide bandwidth and high gain. e method is explicit and simple. e construction of balun fed by microstrip is used to provide 180 phase difference and wideband. In order to integrate the antenna on chip, the structure traditional analysis method, and high frequency characteristic of antenna have to be taken into account. 2. Antenna Design e configuration of the proposed antenna is shown in Figure 1. e antenna is constructed by using microstrip folded dipoles connected with a balun feed line on a bottom substrate having a thickness of 0.635 mm and a relatiminia- turization, GaAs substrate material, dielectric constant of 10.2. e asymmetric strip folded dipole is designed on the top of the substrate, which has a thickness of 0.1 mm and a relative dielectric constant of 2.2. e values of design parameters are listed in Table 1. e strip asymmetric folded dipole is shown in Figure 2. e geometries such as , , , , 1, and 2 are adjusted to tune the input impedance and to widen the bandwidth. e antenna is accompanied without ground plane, so its radiation pattern is similar to the dipole of the same length , but it provides about four times lager input impedance than that of the conventional dipole when ≤ /2. e length of a single-wire dipole is usually /4 ≤ ≤ /2 for best directivity with no side lobes. Usually, is about half wavelength and < 0.002. e separation distance between the two strip transmission lines of the folded dipole should not exceed 0.05. According to the traditional analysis method [4], the exci- tation of a folded dipole is decomposed into two fundamental
Transcript of Research Article Microstrip Folded Dipole Antenna for...
Hindawi Publishing CorporationInternational Journal of Antennas and PropagationVolume 2013 Article ID 603654 6 pageshttpdxdoiorg1011552013603654
Research ArticleMicrostrip Folded Dipole Antenna for35 GHz MMW Communication
Guang Hua Chen Yang Ping Lu Hou-Xing Zhou and Wei Hong
State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves School of Information Science and Engineering Southeast UniversityNanjing 210096 China
Correspondence should be addressed to Guang Hua huaguangseueducn
Received 8 October 2013 Accepted 27 November 2013
Academic Editor Guo Qing Luo
Copyright copy 2013 Guang Hua et al This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution Licensewhich permits unrestricted use distribution and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited
A microstrip asymmetric folded dipole antenna on chip is proposed in this paperThe construction of balun feed line is adopted toprovidewidebandAnewdesign procedure based on the odd-evenmodemethod to calculate the input impedance of an asymmetricstrip folded dipole antenna is presented The folded dipole antenna has the advantage of small size low profile low cost and soforth The measured results show that a miniaturized antenna has the bandwidth of more than 142 (VSWR le 2) gain of theantenna is 57 dB at 35GHz
1 Introduction
Recently substantial knowledge about the 35GHz mil-limeter-wave (MMW) channel has been accumulated anddifferent architectures have been analyzed to develop newMMW communication systems for commercial applicationsMMW technique has been used as a favorite data transmis-sion means for wireless or mobile communications MMWintegrated antenna as the most effective reconnaissancetool is popularly applied in many fields and becomes moreand more indispensable As is used in various fields for ahighly attractive solution several rigorous requirements forantennas such as small size wide bandwidth and stableradiation pattern are under consideration when the antennais applied [1ndash3]
In this paper a strip asymmetric folded dipole antennaand a new design procedure based on the odd-even modemethod to calculate the input impedance of the antenna havebeen proposed to realize wide bandwidth and high gain Themethod is explicit and simple The construction of balun fedby microstrip is used to provide 180 phase difference andwideband In order to integrate the antenna on chip thestructure traditional analysis method and high frequencycharacteristic of antenna have to be taken into account
2 Antenna Design
The configuration of the proposed antenna is shown inFigure 1 The antenna is constructed by using microstripfolded dipoles connected with a balun feed line on a bottomsubstrate having a thickness of 0635mm and a relatiminia-turization GaAs substrate material dielectric constant of102 The asymmetric strip folded dipole is designed on thetop of the substrate which has a thickness of 01mm anda relative dielectric constant of 22 The values of designparameters are listed in Table 1
The strip asymmetric folded dipole is shown in Figure 2The geometries such as 119871 119887 119889 119904 1198821 and 1198822 are adjustedto tune the input impedance and to widen the bandwidthThe antenna is accompanied without ground plane so itsradiation pattern is similar to the dipole of the same length 119897but it provides about four times lager input impedance thanthat of the conventional dipole when 119897 le 1205822 The length of asingle-wire dipole is usually 1205824 le 119897 le 1205822 for best directivitywith no side lobes Usually 119897 is about half wavelength and119904 lt 0002120582 The separation distance 119887 between the two striptransmission lines of the folded dipole should not exceed005120582
According to the traditional analysismethod [4] the exci-tation of a folded dipole is decomposed into two fundamental
2 International Journal of Antennas and Propagation
Table 1 Values of design parameters (all in millimetres)
119871 119889 119904 119887 1198820 1198821 1198822 1198823 1198824 1198971 1198972 1198973 ℎ1 ℎ2 1205761 1205762
344 012 01 011 06 0318 0462 013 01 0237 013 087 01 0635 22 102
h1
h2
Ground1205761
1205762
(a)
L
d
b
s
W3
l3
W0
W4
l2
Ground
W2
W1
l1
(b)
Figure 1 The construction of the antenna (a) side view (b) topview
W2
W1
L
b
s
F
Figure 2The schematic diagram of strip asymmetric folded dipole
modes the transmission line mode and unbalanced antennaradiation mode as described in Figure 3 where 119868a is theantenna current of the dipole and 119868
119879is the transmission line
current The feed port input impedance of folded dipole isgiven by [5]
119885in =2(1 + 120574)
2119885119863119885119879
(1 + 120574)2119885119863+ 2119885119879
(1)
L
W2 W1
b
S
Folded dipole (a) Transmission-line mode (b) Antenna mode
IT IT Ia Ia
= +
Figure 3 Current distribution on a folded dipole
F1 2
1998400
2998400
Figure 4 A strip asymmetric folded dipole in antenna mode
where119885119863is the input impedance of strip dipole antenna with
length of 119871 andwidth of1198821119885119879is the input impedance of the
asymmetric strip Consider
119885119879= 119895119885119888tan(
120573119871
2) (2)
where119885c is characteristic impedance of transmission line and119870(119896) is the elliptic function1198701015840(119896) = 119870 (119896
1015840) 11989610158402= 1 minus 119896
2
119885119888=120120587
radic120576119903
119870 (119896)
1198701015840(119896)
120574 =
ln [4119862 + 2radic(2119862)2minus (11988212)2] minus ln119882
1
ln [4119862 + 2radic(2119862)2minus (11988222)2] minus ln119882
2
119862 =119887
2+1198821
4+1198822
4
(3)
where 2119862 is the distance between middles of two strip dipoleline and (1 + 120574)2 is the impedance ratio Since 119885
119863and 119885
119879are
International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 3
1 2
1998400
2998400
YeYe
(Yo minus Ye)2
Figure 5 Equivalent two-port network for strip asymmetric foldeddipole
F1
1998400
Yd2
Yd1
Figure 6 Equivalent network with electric and magnet wall
too complicated to be calculated so an explicit and simplemethod is presented
The design procedure involves two steps The first is tocalculate the input impedance of asymmetric strip line intransmission mode The second step is to calculate the inputimpedance of asymmetric folded dipole in antenna modeThen according to the traditional method equivalent inputimpedance is obtained [4]
21 Input Impedance of Transmission Line The inputimpedance in asymmetric transmission can be viewed astwo-series transmission line An input impedance can beobtained by
119885119905= [1198850(119885119871+ 1198951198850tan (1205731198972)
1198850+ 119895119885119871tan (1205731198972)
)] (4)
where 1198850is the characteristic impedance of a strip trans-
mission lineThe characteristic impedance of1198821and119882
2strip
is calculated by Agilent ADS or AnsoftDesigner respectively
22 Input Impedance of Folded Dipole Antenna In case ofsymmetrical geometry of microstrip antennas or arrays withany voltage excitation generalize odd-even mode expansionmethod can be used An asymmetric folded dipole in antennamode can be viewed as symmetric two-port microwavenetwork as shown in Figures 4 and 5 The characteristicimpedance can be determined by odd-even method Thesymmetric plane 119865 is magnet wall in evenmode situation andelectric wall in odd mode situation respectively The inputimpedance (resistance and reactance) of a very thin dipole oflength 119897 and diameter 119889 (119897 ≫ 119889) can be computed using either
28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42336
342
348
354
360
366
372
378
384
390
Frequency (GHz)
Literature [5] method Odd-even mode method
Z(o
hm)
Figure 7 Comparison with odd-even mode and literature [5]method
Figure 8 The schematic diagram of balun
Figure 9 The front of the proposed antenna
4 International Journal of Antennas and Propagation
Figure 10 The back of the proposed antenna
30 33 36 39 42
0
Frequency (GHz)
SimulatedMeasured
minus30
minus27
minus24
minus21
minus18
minus15
minus12
minus9
minus6
minus3
S11
(dB)
Figure 11 The measured and simulated return loss of the proposedantenna
27 30 33 36 39 42 45
0
Frequency (GHz)
minus50
minus40
minus30
minus20
minus10
Width = 7mmWidth = 10mmWidth = 13mm
Width = 15mmWidth = 18mm
S11
(dB)
Figure 12 The simulated return loss with different width of theground
0
100
30
60
90
120
150180
210
240
270
300
330
0
10
SimulatedMeasured
minus20
minus10
minus20
minus10
Figure 13 E-plane radiation pattern at 35GHz
Pocklingtonrsquos integral equation or Hallenrsquos integral equation[4] The equivalent radius of strip dipole can determine thatHallenrsquos theory of cylindrical antennas could be extended toantennas having noncircular cross section [4]
To derive an equation for the input impedance let usrefer to the model of Figure 6 When the electric and magnetwall were taken at the 119865 plane odd admittance 119884
119900and even
admittance 119884119890at the terminals 1-11015840 are obtained respectively
Consider
119884119894(119871
2) = 119884
119889119894
119884119871+ 119895119884119889119894tan (1205731198712)
119884119889119894+ 119895119884119871tan (1205731198712)
119894 = 1 2 (5)
where 1198841198891 1198841198892
is radiation admittance in correspondence of1198821and119882
2strip dipole
The odd mode excitation (119884119871rarr 0) is as follows
1198841199001(119897
2) = 119895119884
1198891tan
120573119897
2 119884
1199002(119897
2) = 119895119884
1198892tan
120573119897
2 (6)
The even mode excitation (119884119871rarr infin) is as follows
1198841198901(119897
2) = minus119895119884
1198891cot
120573119897
2
1198841198902(119897
2) = minus119895119884
1198892cot
120573119897
2
[119884] =1
2(119884119890+ 119884119900119884119890minus 119884119900
119884119890minus 119884119900119884119890+ 119884119900
)
119884119900= 1198841199001+ 1198841199002
119884119890= 1198841198901+ 1198841198902 (7)
International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 5
030
60
90
120
150180
210
240
270
300
330
0
10
0
10
SimulatedMeasured
minus20
minus10
minus20
minus10
Figure 14 H-plane radiation pattern at 35GHz
The input admittance 119884119889and input impedance 119885
119889are
119884119889= 119884119900minus 119884119890 119885119889=
1
119884119889
(8)
A solution of input impedance 119885in is similar to thetraditional analysis method when the input impedance 119885
119879
in transmission line mode and the input impedance 119885119889in
antenna mode are obtained The curves comparison withodd-evenmodemethod andmethod of literature [5] is shownin Figure 7
Balun is an electrical device that converts an unbalancedsignal (two signals working against each other where groundis irrelevant) to a balanced signal (a single signal workingagainst ground or pseudo-ground) and vice versa It hasmany forms and may include devices that also transformimpedance Transformer baluns can also be used to matchimpedance of differing transmission lines
A simple structure using the shown microstrip feedingin Figure 8 is designed for the proposed balun to extendthe bandwidth The length difference between two armsof transmission line is 1205822 where 120582 is the wavelength ofmicrostrip [6ndash9]
3 Simulated and Experimental Results
The front and back viewof the proposed antenna are shown inFigures 9 and 10 which has the similar size with the Chinesecoin of one yuan
The analysis of the proposed antenna is completed byusing the Ansys HFSS The simulated and measured S-parameter of the antenna from 30GHz to 40GHz are shownin Figure 11 It can be seen that the antenna has a simulationbandwidth of 5GHz and a measured bandwidth of 35 GHz
The central frequency has moved to 365GHz The simu-lated return loss with different width of the ground is shownin Figure 12 As width grew the central frequency has movedto low frequency
The measured E-plane and H-plane patterns at 35GHzare shown in Figures 13 and 14 respectively From the figuresof radiation pattern it is observed that gain of the antenna is57 dB lesser than the simulated result It is considered thatthe measured results do not perfectly match the simulatedresults which are caused by the limits of manufacturingtechnology and the influence of measurement environmentall these deficiencies need to be considered seriously andimproved in further research
4 Conclusion
A microstrip folded dipole antenna on chip is proposedwith 5GHz bandwidth (VSWR le 2) and central frequencyof 35GHz It has been demonstrated that the design takesthe advantages of small size wide impedance bandwidthand stable radiation pattern A new odd-even mode designprocedure to calculate input impedance for asymmetric stripfolded dipole is presented It was verified that it is explicit andsimple by another method [5] and another experiment
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the National Basic ResearchProgram of China (no 2009CB320203 and 2010CB327400)and in part by the National Science and Technology MajorProject of China under Grant no 2010ZX03007-001-01
References
[1] GHua J Zhang JWu andWHong ldquoDesign and optimizationof a millimetre wave compact folded magic-Trdquo InternationalJournal of Antennas and Propagation vol 2012 Article ID838962 6 pages 2012
[2] S Montusclat F Gianesello and D Gloria ldquoSilicon full inte-grated LNA filter and antenna system beyond 40GHz forMMWwireless communication links in advanced CMOS tech-nologiesrdquo in Proceedings of the IEEE Radio Frequency IntegratedCircuits Symposium pp 77ndash80 June 2006
[3] K H Park ldquoGeneration of CW MMW using optical signalpropagating nonlinear materials for wireless communicationsand ubiquitous communications systemsrdquo Electronics Lettersvol 41 no 10 pp 599ndash601 2005
[4] C A Balanis AntennaTheory Analysis and Design JohnWileyamp Sons Hoboken NJ USA 3rd edition 2012
[5] S Keyrouz H J Visser R J M Vullers and A G TijhuisldquoNovel analytical procedures for folded strip dipole antennasrdquoin Proceedings of the 6th IEEE European Conference on Antennasand Propagation (EUCAP rsquo12) pp 2479ndash2482 2012
[6] P-C Yeh W-C Liu and H-K Chiou ldquoCompact 28-GHz sub-harmonically pumped resistive mixer MMIC using a lumped-element high-passband-pass balunrdquo IEEE Microwave andWireless Components Letters vol 15 no 2 pp 62ndash64 2005
[7] F Hettstedt W Stellmach T von Hofe R Knachel and EQuandt ldquo3D thin filmGuanella-balunrdquo in Proceedings of the 7thGerman Microwave Conference (GeMiC rsquo12) pp 1ndash4 2012
6 International Journal of Antennas and Propagation
[8] Y Dai H Yin Y Feng P Li Q Han and M Han ldquoALTCC miniaturized broadband modified Marchand balunrdquo inProceedings of the International Symposium on Communicationsand Information Technologies (ISCIT rsquo12) pp 110ndash113 2012
[9] C Inui M Yasuo and M Fujishima ldquoOn-chip S-shaped rat-race balun for millimeter-wave band using wafer-level chip-size package processrdquo in Proceedings of the EuropeanMicrowaveIntegrated Circuit Conference (EuMIC rsquo08) pp 32ndash35 October2008
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2 International Journal of Antennas and Propagation
Table 1 Values of design parameters (all in millimetres)
119871 119889 119904 119887 1198820 1198821 1198822 1198823 1198824 1198971 1198972 1198973 ℎ1 ℎ2 1205761 1205762
344 012 01 011 06 0318 0462 013 01 0237 013 087 01 0635 22 102
h1
h2
Ground1205761
1205762
(a)
L
d
b
s
W3
l3
W0
W4
l2
Ground
W2
W1
l1
(b)
Figure 1 The construction of the antenna (a) side view (b) topview
W2
W1
L
b
s
F
Figure 2The schematic diagram of strip asymmetric folded dipole
modes the transmission line mode and unbalanced antennaradiation mode as described in Figure 3 where 119868a is theantenna current of the dipole and 119868
119879is the transmission line
current The feed port input impedance of folded dipole isgiven by [5]
119885in =2(1 + 120574)
2119885119863119885119879
(1 + 120574)2119885119863+ 2119885119879
(1)
L
W2 W1
b
S
Folded dipole (a) Transmission-line mode (b) Antenna mode
IT IT Ia Ia
= +
Figure 3 Current distribution on a folded dipole
F1 2
1998400
2998400
Figure 4 A strip asymmetric folded dipole in antenna mode
where119885119863is the input impedance of strip dipole antenna with
length of 119871 andwidth of1198821119885119879is the input impedance of the
asymmetric strip Consider
119885119879= 119895119885119888tan(
120573119871
2) (2)
where119885c is characteristic impedance of transmission line and119870(119896) is the elliptic function1198701015840(119896) = 119870 (119896
1015840) 11989610158402= 1 minus 119896
2
119885119888=120120587
radic120576119903
119870 (119896)
1198701015840(119896)
120574 =
ln [4119862 + 2radic(2119862)2minus (11988212)2] minus ln119882
1
ln [4119862 + 2radic(2119862)2minus (11988222)2] minus ln119882
2
119862 =119887
2+1198821
4+1198822
4
(3)
where 2119862 is the distance between middles of two strip dipoleline and (1 + 120574)2 is the impedance ratio Since 119885
119863and 119885
119879are
International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 3
1 2
1998400
2998400
YeYe
(Yo minus Ye)2
Figure 5 Equivalent two-port network for strip asymmetric foldeddipole
F1
1998400
Yd2
Yd1
Figure 6 Equivalent network with electric and magnet wall
too complicated to be calculated so an explicit and simplemethod is presented
The design procedure involves two steps The first is tocalculate the input impedance of asymmetric strip line intransmission mode The second step is to calculate the inputimpedance of asymmetric folded dipole in antenna modeThen according to the traditional method equivalent inputimpedance is obtained [4]
21 Input Impedance of Transmission Line The inputimpedance in asymmetric transmission can be viewed astwo-series transmission line An input impedance can beobtained by
119885119905= [1198850(119885119871+ 1198951198850tan (1205731198972)
1198850+ 119895119885119871tan (1205731198972)
)] (4)
where 1198850is the characteristic impedance of a strip trans-
mission lineThe characteristic impedance of1198821and119882
2strip
is calculated by Agilent ADS or AnsoftDesigner respectively
22 Input Impedance of Folded Dipole Antenna In case ofsymmetrical geometry of microstrip antennas or arrays withany voltage excitation generalize odd-even mode expansionmethod can be used An asymmetric folded dipole in antennamode can be viewed as symmetric two-port microwavenetwork as shown in Figures 4 and 5 The characteristicimpedance can be determined by odd-even method Thesymmetric plane 119865 is magnet wall in evenmode situation andelectric wall in odd mode situation respectively The inputimpedance (resistance and reactance) of a very thin dipole oflength 119897 and diameter 119889 (119897 ≫ 119889) can be computed using either
28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42336
342
348
354
360
366
372
378
384
390
Frequency (GHz)
Literature [5] method Odd-even mode method
Z(o
hm)
Figure 7 Comparison with odd-even mode and literature [5]method
Figure 8 The schematic diagram of balun
Figure 9 The front of the proposed antenna
4 International Journal of Antennas and Propagation
Figure 10 The back of the proposed antenna
30 33 36 39 42
0
Frequency (GHz)
SimulatedMeasured
minus30
minus27
minus24
minus21
minus18
minus15
minus12
minus9
minus6
minus3
S11
(dB)
Figure 11 The measured and simulated return loss of the proposedantenna
27 30 33 36 39 42 45
0
Frequency (GHz)
minus50
minus40
minus30
minus20
minus10
Width = 7mmWidth = 10mmWidth = 13mm
Width = 15mmWidth = 18mm
S11
(dB)
Figure 12 The simulated return loss with different width of theground
0
100
30
60
90
120
150180
210
240
270
300
330
0
10
SimulatedMeasured
minus20
minus10
minus20
minus10
Figure 13 E-plane radiation pattern at 35GHz
Pocklingtonrsquos integral equation or Hallenrsquos integral equation[4] The equivalent radius of strip dipole can determine thatHallenrsquos theory of cylindrical antennas could be extended toantennas having noncircular cross section [4]
To derive an equation for the input impedance let usrefer to the model of Figure 6 When the electric and magnetwall were taken at the 119865 plane odd admittance 119884
119900and even
admittance 119884119890at the terminals 1-11015840 are obtained respectively
Consider
119884119894(119871
2) = 119884
119889119894
119884119871+ 119895119884119889119894tan (1205731198712)
119884119889119894+ 119895119884119871tan (1205731198712)
119894 = 1 2 (5)
where 1198841198891 1198841198892
is radiation admittance in correspondence of1198821and119882
2strip dipole
The odd mode excitation (119884119871rarr 0) is as follows
1198841199001(119897
2) = 119895119884
1198891tan
120573119897
2 119884
1199002(119897
2) = 119895119884
1198892tan
120573119897
2 (6)
The even mode excitation (119884119871rarr infin) is as follows
1198841198901(119897
2) = minus119895119884
1198891cot
120573119897
2
1198841198902(119897
2) = minus119895119884
1198892cot
120573119897
2
[119884] =1
2(119884119890+ 119884119900119884119890minus 119884119900
119884119890minus 119884119900119884119890+ 119884119900
)
119884119900= 1198841199001+ 1198841199002
119884119890= 1198841198901+ 1198841198902 (7)
International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 5
030
60
90
120
150180
210
240
270
300
330
0
10
0
10
SimulatedMeasured
minus20
minus10
minus20
minus10
Figure 14 H-plane radiation pattern at 35GHz
The input admittance 119884119889and input impedance 119885
119889are
119884119889= 119884119900minus 119884119890 119885119889=
1
119884119889
(8)
A solution of input impedance 119885in is similar to thetraditional analysis method when the input impedance 119885
119879
in transmission line mode and the input impedance 119885119889in
antenna mode are obtained The curves comparison withodd-evenmodemethod andmethod of literature [5] is shownin Figure 7
Balun is an electrical device that converts an unbalancedsignal (two signals working against each other where groundis irrelevant) to a balanced signal (a single signal workingagainst ground or pseudo-ground) and vice versa It hasmany forms and may include devices that also transformimpedance Transformer baluns can also be used to matchimpedance of differing transmission lines
A simple structure using the shown microstrip feedingin Figure 8 is designed for the proposed balun to extendthe bandwidth The length difference between two armsof transmission line is 1205822 where 120582 is the wavelength ofmicrostrip [6ndash9]
3 Simulated and Experimental Results
The front and back viewof the proposed antenna are shown inFigures 9 and 10 which has the similar size with the Chinesecoin of one yuan
The analysis of the proposed antenna is completed byusing the Ansys HFSS The simulated and measured S-parameter of the antenna from 30GHz to 40GHz are shownin Figure 11 It can be seen that the antenna has a simulationbandwidth of 5GHz and a measured bandwidth of 35 GHz
The central frequency has moved to 365GHz The simu-lated return loss with different width of the ground is shownin Figure 12 As width grew the central frequency has movedto low frequency
The measured E-plane and H-plane patterns at 35GHzare shown in Figures 13 and 14 respectively From the figuresof radiation pattern it is observed that gain of the antenna is57 dB lesser than the simulated result It is considered thatthe measured results do not perfectly match the simulatedresults which are caused by the limits of manufacturingtechnology and the influence of measurement environmentall these deficiencies need to be considered seriously andimproved in further research
4 Conclusion
A microstrip folded dipole antenna on chip is proposedwith 5GHz bandwidth (VSWR le 2) and central frequencyof 35GHz It has been demonstrated that the design takesthe advantages of small size wide impedance bandwidthand stable radiation pattern A new odd-even mode designprocedure to calculate input impedance for asymmetric stripfolded dipole is presented It was verified that it is explicit andsimple by another method [5] and another experiment
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the National Basic ResearchProgram of China (no 2009CB320203 and 2010CB327400)and in part by the National Science and Technology MajorProject of China under Grant no 2010ZX03007-001-01
References
[1] GHua J Zhang JWu andWHong ldquoDesign and optimizationof a millimetre wave compact folded magic-Trdquo InternationalJournal of Antennas and Propagation vol 2012 Article ID838962 6 pages 2012
[2] S Montusclat F Gianesello and D Gloria ldquoSilicon full inte-grated LNA filter and antenna system beyond 40GHz forMMWwireless communication links in advanced CMOS tech-nologiesrdquo in Proceedings of the IEEE Radio Frequency IntegratedCircuits Symposium pp 77ndash80 June 2006
[3] K H Park ldquoGeneration of CW MMW using optical signalpropagating nonlinear materials for wireless communicationsand ubiquitous communications systemsrdquo Electronics Lettersvol 41 no 10 pp 599ndash601 2005
[4] C A Balanis AntennaTheory Analysis and Design JohnWileyamp Sons Hoboken NJ USA 3rd edition 2012
[5] S Keyrouz H J Visser R J M Vullers and A G TijhuisldquoNovel analytical procedures for folded strip dipole antennasrdquoin Proceedings of the 6th IEEE European Conference on Antennasand Propagation (EUCAP rsquo12) pp 2479ndash2482 2012
[6] P-C Yeh W-C Liu and H-K Chiou ldquoCompact 28-GHz sub-harmonically pumped resistive mixer MMIC using a lumped-element high-passband-pass balunrdquo IEEE Microwave andWireless Components Letters vol 15 no 2 pp 62ndash64 2005
[7] F Hettstedt W Stellmach T von Hofe R Knachel and EQuandt ldquo3D thin filmGuanella-balunrdquo in Proceedings of the 7thGerman Microwave Conference (GeMiC rsquo12) pp 1ndash4 2012
6 International Journal of Antennas and Propagation
[8] Y Dai H Yin Y Feng P Li Q Han and M Han ldquoALTCC miniaturized broadband modified Marchand balunrdquo inProceedings of the International Symposium on Communicationsand Information Technologies (ISCIT rsquo12) pp 110ndash113 2012
[9] C Inui M Yasuo and M Fujishima ldquoOn-chip S-shaped rat-race balun for millimeter-wave band using wafer-level chip-size package processrdquo in Proceedings of the EuropeanMicrowaveIntegrated Circuit Conference (EuMIC rsquo08) pp 32ndash35 October2008
International Journal of
AerospaceEngineeringHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
RoboticsJournal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Active and Passive Electronic Components
Control Scienceand Engineering
Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
International Journal of
RotatingMachinery
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom
Journal ofEngineeringVolume 2014
Submit your manuscripts athttpwwwhindawicom
VLSI Design
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Shock and Vibration
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Civil EngineeringAdvances in
Acoustics and VibrationAdvances in
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Electrical and Computer Engineering
Journal of
Advances inOptoElectronics
Hindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom
Volume 2014
The Scientific World JournalHindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
SensorsJournal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Modelling amp Simulation in EngineeringHindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Chemical EngineeringInternational Journal of Antennas and
Propagation
International Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Navigation and Observation
International Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
DistributedSensor Networks
International Journal of
International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 3
1 2
1998400
2998400
YeYe
(Yo minus Ye)2
Figure 5 Equivalent two-port network for strip asymmetric foldeddipole
F1
1998400
Yd2
Yd1
Figure 6 Equivalent network with electric and magnet wall
too complicated to be calculated so an explicit and simplemethod is presented
The design procedure involves two steps The first is tocalculate the input impedance of asymmetric strip line intransmission mode The second step is to calculate the inputimpedance of asymmetric folded dipole in antenna modeThen according to the traditional method equivalent inputimpedance is obtained [4]
21 Input Impedance of Transmission Line The inputimpedance in asymmetric transmission can be viewed astwo-series transmission line An input impedance can beobtained by
119885119905= [1198850(119885119871+ 1198951198850tan (1205731198972)
1198850+ 119895119885119871tan (1205731198972)
)] (4)
where 1198850is the characteristic impedance of a strip trans-
mission lineThe characteristic impedance of1198821and119882
2strip
is calculated by Agilent ADS or AnsoftDesigner respectively
22 Input Impedance of Folded Dipole Antenna In case ofsymmetrical geometry of microstrip antennas or arrays withany voltage excitation generalize odd-even mode expansionmethod can be used An asymmetric folded dipole in antennamode can be viewed as symmetric two-port microwavenetwork as shown in Figures 4 and 5 The characteristicimpedance can be determined by odd-even method Thesymmetric plane 119865 is magnet wall in evenmode situation andelectric wall in odd mode situation respectively The inputimpedance (resistance and reactance) of a very thin dipole oflength 119897 and diameter 119889 (119897 ≫ 119889) can be computed using either
28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42336
342
348
354
360
366
372
378
384
390
Frequency (GHz)
Literature [5] method Odd-even mode method
Z(o
hm)
Figure 7 Comparison with odd-even mode and literature [5]method
Figure 8 The schematic diagram of balun
Figure 9 The front of the proposed antenna
4 International Journal of Antennas and Propagation
Figure 10 The back of the proposed antenna
30 33 36 39 42
0
Frequency (GHz)
SimulatedMeasured
minus30
minus27
minus24
minus21
minus18
minus15
minus12
minus9
minus6
minus3
S11
(dB)
Figure 11 The measured and simulated return loss of the proposedantenna
27 30 33 36 39 42 45
0
Frequency (GHz)
minus50
minus40
minus30
minus20
minus10
Width = 7mmWidth = 10mmWidth = 13mm
Width = 15mmWidth = 18mm
S11
(dB)
Figure 12 The simulated return loss with different width of theground
0
100
30
60
90
120
150180
210
240
270
300
330
0
10
SimulatedMeasured
minus20
minus10
minus20
minus10
Figure 13 E-plane radiation pattern at 35GHz
Pocklingtonrsquos integral equation or Hallenrsquos integral equation[4] The equivalent radius of strip dipole can determine thatHallenrsquos theory of cylindrical antennas could be extended toantennas having noncircular cross section [4]
To derive an equation for the input impedance let usrefer to the model of Figure 6 When the electric and magnetwall were taken at the 119865 plane odd admittance 119884
119900and even
admittance 119884119890at the terminals 1-11015840 are obtained respectively
Consider
119884119894(119871
2) = 119884
119889119894
119884119871+ 119895119884119889119894tan (1205731198712)
119884119889119894+ 119895119884119871tan (1205731198712)
119894 = 1 2 (5)
where 1198841198891 1198841198892
is radiation admittance in correspondence of1198821and119882
2strip dipole
The odd mode excitation (119884119871rarr 0) is as follows
1198841199001(119897
2) = 119895119884
1198891tan
120573119897
2 119884
1199002(119897
2) = 119895119884
1198892tan
120573119897
2 (6)
The even mode excitation (119884119871rarr infin) is as follows
1198841198901(119897
2) = minus119895119884
1198891cot
120573119897
2
1198841198902(119897
2) = minus119895119884
1198892cot
120573119897
2
[119884] =1
2(119884119890+ 119884119900119884119890minus 119884119900
119884119890minus 119884119900119884119890+ 119884119900
)
119884119900= 1198841199001+ 1198841199002
119884119890= 1198841198901+ 1198841198902 (7)
International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 5
030
60
90
120
150180
210
240
270
300
330
0
10
0
10
SimulatedMeasured
minus20
minus10
minus20
minus10
Figure 14 H-plane radiation pattern at 35GHz
The input admittance 119884119889and input impedance 119885
119889are
119884119889= 119884119900minus 119884119890 119885119889=
1
119884119889
(8)
A solution of input impedance 119885in is similar to thetraditional analysis method when the input impedance 119885
119879
in transmission line mode and the input impedance 119885119889in
antenna mode are obtained The curves comparison withodd-evenmodemethod andmethod of literature [5] is shownin Figure 7
Balun is an electrical device that converts an unbalancedsignal (two signals working against each other where groundis irrelevant) to a balanced signal (a single signal workingagainst ground or pseudo-ground) and vice versa It hasmany forms and may include devices that also transformimpedance Transformer baluns can also be used to matchimpedance of differing transmission lines
A simple structure using the shown microstrip feedingin Figure 8 is designed for the proposed balun to extendthe bandwidth The length difference between two armsof transmission line is 1205822 where 120582 is the wavelength ofmicrostrip [6ndash9]
3 Simulated and Experimental Results
The front and back viewof the proposed antenna are shown inFigures 9 and 10 which has the similar size with the Chinesecoin of one yuan
The analysis of the proposed antenna is completed byusing the Ansys HFSS The simulated and measured S-parameter of the antenna from 30GHz to 40GHz are shownin Figure 11 It can be seen that the antenna has a simulationbandwidth of 5GHz and a measured bandwidth of 35 GHz
The central frequency has moved to 365GHz The simu-lated return loss with different width of the ground is shownin Figure 12 As width grew the central frequency has movedto low frequency
The measured E-plane and H-plane patterns at 35GHzare shown in Figures 13 and 14 respectively From the figuresof radiation pattern it is observed that gain of the antenna is57 dB lesser than the simulated result It is considered thatthe measured results do not perfectly match the simulatedresults which are caused by the limits of manufacturingtechnology and the influence of measurement environmentall these deficiencies need to be considered seriously andimproved in further research
4 Conclusion
A microstrip folded dipole antenna on chip is proposedwith 5GHz bandwidth (VSWR le 2) and central frequencyof 35GHz It has been demonstrated that the design takesthe advantages of small size wide impedance bandwidthand stable radiation pattern A new odd-even mode designprocedure to calculate input impedance for asymmetric stripfolded dipole is presented It was verified that it is explicit andsimple by another method [5] and another experiment
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the National Basic ResearchProgram of China (no 2009CB320203 and 2010CB327400)and in part by the National Science and Technology MajorProject of China under Grant no 2010ZX03007-001-01
References
[1] GHua J Zhang JWu andWHong ldquoDesign and optimizationof a millimetre wave compact folded magic-Trdquo InternationalJournal of Antennas and Propagation vol 2012 Article ID838962 6 pages 2012
[2] S Montusclat F Gianesello and D Gloria ldquoSilicon full inte-grated LNA filter and antenna system beyond 40GHz forMMWwireless communication links in advanced CMOS tech-nologiesrdquo in Proceedings of the IEEE Radio Frequency IntegratedCircuits Symposium pp 77ndash80 June 2006
[3] K H Park ldquoGeneration of CW MMW using optical signalpropagating nonlinear materials for wireless communicationsand ubiquitous communications systemsrdquo Electronics Lettersvol 41 no 10 pp 599ndash601 2005
[4] C A Balanis AntennaTheory Analysis and Design JohnWileyamp Sons Hoboken NJ USA 3rd edition 2012
[5] S Keyrouz H J Visser R J M Vullers and A G TijhuisldquoNovel analytical procedures for folded strip dipole antennasrdquoin Proceedings of the 6th IEEE European Conference on Antennasand Propagation (EUCAP rsquo12) pp 2479ndash2482 2012
[6] P-C Yeh W-C Liu and H-K Chiou ldquoCompact 28-GHz sub-harmonically pumped resistive mixer MMIC using a lumped-element high-passband-pass balunrdquo IEEE Microwave andWireless Components Letters vol 15 no 2 pp 62ndash64 2005
[7] F Hettstedt W Stellmach T von Hofe R Knachel and EQuandt ldquo3D thin filmGuanella-balunrdquo in Proceedings of the 7thGerman Microwave Conference (GeMiC rsquo12) pp 1ndash4 2012
6 International Journal of Antennas and Propagation
[8] Y Dai H Yin Y Feng P Li Q Han and M Han ldquoALTCC miniaturized broadband modified Marchand balunrdquo inProceedings of the International Symposium on Communicationsand Information Technologies (ISCIT rsquo12) pp 110ndash113 2012
[9] C Inui M Yasuo and M Fujishima ldquoOn-chip S-shaped rat-race balun for millimeter-wave band using wafer-level chip-size package processrdquo in Proceedings of the EuropeanMicrowaveIntegrated Circuit Conference (EuMIC rsquo08) pp 32ndash35 October2008
International Journal of
AerospaceEngineeringHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
RoboticsJournal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Active and Passive Electronic Components
Control Scienceand Engineering
Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
International Journal of
RotatingMachinery
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom
Journal ofEngineeringVolume 2014
Submit your manuscripts athttpwwwhindawicom
VLSI Design
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Shock and Vibration
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Civil EngineeringAdvances in
Acoustics and VibrationAdvances in
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Electrical and Computer Engineering
Journal of
Advances inOptoElectronics
Hindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom
Volume 2014
The Scientific World JournalHindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
SensorsJournal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Modelling amp Simulation in EngineeringHindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Chemical EngineeringInternational Journal of Antennas and
Propagation
International Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Navigation and Observation
International Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
DistributedSensor Networks
International Journal of
4 International Journal of Antennas and Propagation
Figure 10 The back of the proposed antenna
30 33 36 39 42
0
Frequency (GHz)
SimulatedMeasured
minus30
minus27
minus24
minus21
minus18
minus15
minus12
minus9
minus6
minus3
S11
(dB)
Figure 11 The measured and simulated return loss of the proposedantenna
27 30 33 36 39 42 45
0
Frequency (GHz)
minus50
minus40
minus30
minus20
minus10
Width = 7mmWidth = 10mmWidth = 13mm
Width = 15mmWidth = 18mm
S11
(dB)
Figure 12 The simulated return loss with different width of theground
0
100
30
60
90
120
150180
210
240
270
300
330
0
10
SimulatedMeasured
minus20
minus10
minus20
minus10
Figure 13 E-plane radiation pattern at 35GHz
Pocklingtonrsquos integral equation or Hallenrsquos integral equation[4] The equivalent radius of strip dipole can determine thatHallenrsquos theory of cylindrical antennas could be extended toantennas having noncircular cross section [4]
To derive an equation for the input impedance let usrefer to the model of Figure 6 When the electric and magnetwall were taken at the 119865 plane odd admittance 119884
119900and even
admittance 119884119890at the terminals 1-11015840 are obtained respectively
Consider
119884119894(119871
2) = 119884
119889119894
119884119871+ 119895119884119889119894tan (1205731198712)
119884119889119894+ 119895119884119871tan (1205731198712)
119894 = 1 2 (5)
where 1198841198891 1198841198892
is radiation admittance in correspondence of1198821and119882
2strip dipole
The odd mode excitation (119884119871rarr 0) is as follows
1198841199001(119897
2) = 119895119884
1198891tan
120573119897
2 119884
1199002(119897
2) = 119895119884
1198892tan
120573119897
2 (6)
The even mode excitation (119884119871rarr infin) is as follows
1198841198901(119897
2) = minus119895119884
1198891cot
120573119897
2
1198841198902(119897
2) = minus119895119884
1198892cot
120573119897
2
[119884] =1
2(119884119890+ 119884119900119884119890minus 119884119900
119884119890minus 119884119900119884119890+ 119884119900
)
119884119900= 1198841199001+ 1198841199002
119884119890= 1198841198901+ 1198841198902 (7)
International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 5
030
60
90
120
150180
210
240
270
300
330
0
10
0
10
SimulatedMeasured
minus20
minus10
minus20
minus10
Figure 14 H-plane radiation pattern at 35GHz
The input admittance 119884119889and input impedance 119885
119889are
119884119889= 119884119900minus 119884119890 119885119889=
1
119884119889
(8)
A solution of input impedance 119885in is similar to thetraditional analysis method when the input impedance 119885
119879
in transmission line mode and the input impedance 119885119889in
antenna mode are obtained The curves comparison withodd-evenmodemethod andmethod of literature [5] is shownin Figure 7
Balun is an electrical device that converts an unbalancedsignal (two signals working against each other where groundis irrelevant) to a balanced signal (a single signal workingagainst ground or pseudo-ground) and vice versa It hasmany forms and may include devices that also transformimpedance Transformer baluns can also be used to matchimpedance of differing transmission lines
A simple structure using the shown microstrip feedingin Figure 8 is designed for the proposed balun to extendthe bandwidth The length difference between two armsof transmission line is 1205822 where 120582 is the wavelength ofmicrostrip [6ndash9]
3 Simulated and Experimental Results
The front and back viewof the proposed antenna are shown inFigures 9 and 10 which has the similar size with the Chinesecoin of one yuan
The analysis of the proposed antenna is completed byusing the Ansys HFSS The simulated and measured S-parameter of the antenna from 30GHz to 40GHz are shownin Figure 11 It can be seen that the antenna has a simulationbandwidth of 5GHz and a measured bandwidth of 35 GHz
The central frequency has moved to 365GHz The simu-lated return loss with different width of the ground is shownin Figure 12 As width grew the central frequency has movedto low frequency
The measured E-plane and H-plane patterns at 35GHzare shown in Figures 13 and 14 respectively From the figuresof radiation pattern it is observed that gain of the antenna is57 dB lesser than the simulated result It is considered thatthe measured results do not perfectly match the simulatedresults which are caused by the limits of manufacturingtechnology and the influence of measurement environmentall these deficiencies need to be considered seriously andimproved in further research
4 Conclusion
A microstrip folded dipole antenna on chip is proposedwith 5GHz bandwidth (VSWR le 2) and central frequencyof 35GHz It has been demonstrated that the design takesthe advantages of small size wide impedance bandwidthand stable radiation pattern A new odd-even mode designprocedure to calculate input impedance for asymmetric stripfolded dipole is presented It was verified that it is explicit andsimple by another method [5] and another experiment
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the National Basic ResearchProgram of China (no 2009CB320203 and 2010CB327400)and in part by the National Science and Technology MajorProject of China under Grant no 2010ZX03007-001-01
References
[1] GHua J Zhang JWu andWHong ldquoDesign and optimizationof a millimetre wave compact folded magic-Trdquo InternationalJournal of Antennas and Propagation vol 2012 Article ID838962 6 pages 2012
[2] S Montusclat F Gianesello and D Gloria ldquoSilicon full inte-grated LNA filter and antenna system beyond 40GHz forMMWwireless communication links in advanced CMOS tech-nologiesrdquo in Proceedings of the IEEE Radio Frequency IntegratedCircuits Symposium pp 77ndash80 June 2006
[3] K H Park ldquoGeneration of CW MMW using optical signalpropagating nonlinear materials for wireless communicationsand ubiquitous communications systemsrdquo Electronics Lettersvol 41 no 10 pp 599ndash601 2005
[4] C A Balanis AntennaTheory Analysis and Design JohnWileyamp Sons Hoboken NJ USA 3rd edition 2012
[5] S Keyrouz H J Visser R J M Vullers and A G TijhuisldquoNovel analytical procedures for folded strip dipole antennasrdquoin Proceedings of the 6th IEEE European Conference on Antennasand Propagation (EUCAP rsquo12) pp 2479ndash2482 2012
[6] P-C Yeh W-C Liu and H-K Chiou ldquoCompact 28-GHz sub-harmonically pumped resistive mixer MMIC using a lumped-element high-passband-pass balunrdquo IEEE Microwave andWireless Components Letters vol 15 no 2 pp 62ndash64 2005
[7] F Hettstedt W Stellmach T von Hofe R Knachel and EQuandt ldquo3D thin filmGuanella-balunrdquo in Proceedings of the 7thGerman Microwave Conference (GeMiC rsquo12) pp 1ndash4 2012
6 International Journal of Antennas and Propagation
[8] Y Dai H Yin Y Feng P Li Q Han and M Han ldquoALTCC miniaturized broadband modified Marchand balunrdquo inProceedings of the International Symposium on Communicationsand Information Technologies (ISCIT rsquo12) pp 110ndash113 2012
[9] C Inui M Yasuo and M Fujishima ldquoOn-chip S-shaped rat-race balun for millimeter-wave band using wafer-level chip-size package processrdquo in Proceedings of the EuropeanMicrowaveIntegrated Circuit Conference (EuMIC rsquo08) pp 32ndash35 October2008
International Journal of
AerospaceEngineeringHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
RoboticsJournal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Active and Passive Electronic Components
Control Scienceand Engineering
Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
International Journal of
RotatingMachinery
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom
Journal ofEngineeringVolume 2014
Submit your manuscripts athttpwwwhindawicom
VLSI Design
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Shock and Vibration
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Civil EngineeringAdvances in
Acoustics and VibrationAdvances in
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Electrical and Computer Engineering
Journal of
Advances inOptoElectronics
Hindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom
Volume 2014
The Scientific World JournalHindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
SensorsJournal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Modelling amp Simulation in EngineeringHindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Chemical EngineeringInternational Journal of Antennas and
Propagation
International Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Navigation and Observation
International Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
DistributedSensor Networks
International Journal of
International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 5
030
60
90
120
150180
210
240
270
300
330
0
10
0
10
SimulatedMeasured
minus20
minus10
minus20
minus10
Figure 14 H-plane radiation pattern at 35GHz
The input admittance 119884119889and input impedance 119885
119889are
119884119889= 119884119900minus 119884119890 119885119889=
1
119884119889
(8)
A solution of input impedance 119885in is similar to thetraditional analysis method when the input impedance 119885
119879
in transmission line mode and the input impedance 119885119889in
antenna mode are obtained The curves comparison withodd-evenmodemethod andmethod of literature [5] is shownin Figure 7
Balun is an electrical device that converts an unbalancedsignal (two signals working against each other where groundis irrelevant) to a balanced signal (a single signal workingagainst ground or pseudo-ground) and vice versa It hasmany forms and may include devices that also transformimpedance Transformer baluns can also be used to matchimpedance of differing transmission lines
A simple structure using the shown microstrip feedingin Figure 8 is designed for the proposed balun to extendthe bandwidth The length difference between two armsof transmission line is 1205822 where 120582 is the wavelength ofmicrostrip [6ndash9]
3 Simulated and Experimental Results
The front and back viewof the proposed antenna are shown inFigures 9 and 10 which has the similar size with the Chinesecoin of one yuan
The analysis of the proposed antenna is completed byusing the Ansys HFSS The simulated and measured S-parameter of the antenna from 30GHz to 40GHz are shownin Figure 11 It can be seen that the antenna has a simulationbandwidth of 5GHz and a measured bandwidth of 35 GHz
The central frequency has moved to 365GHz The simu-lated return loss with different width of the ground is shownin Figure 12 As width grew the central frequency has movedto low frequency
The measured E-plane and H-plane patterns at 35GHzare shown in Figures 13 and 14 respectively From the figuresof radiation pattern it is observed that gain of the antenna is57 dB lesser than the simulated result It is considered thatthe measured results do not perfectly match the simulatedresults which are caused by the limits of manufacturingtechnology and the influence of measurement environmentall these deficiencies need to be considered seriously andimproved in further research
4 Conclusion
A microstrip folded dipole antenna on chip is proposedwith 5GHz bandwidth (VSWR le 2) and central frequencyof 35GHz It has been demonstrated that the design takesthe advantages of small size wide impedance bandwidthand stable radiation pattern A new odd-even mode designprocedure to calculate input impedance for asymmetric stripfolded dipole is presented It was verified that it is explicit andsimple by another method [5] and another experiment
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the National Basic ResearchProgram of China (no 2009CB320203 and 2010CB327400)and in part by the National Science and Technology MajorProject of China under Grant no 2010ZX03007-001-01
References
[1] GHua J Zhang JWu andWHong ldquoDesign and optimizationof a millimetre wave compact folded magic-Trdquo InternationalJournal of Antennas and Propagation vol 2012 Article ID838962 6 pages 2012
[2] S Montusclat F Gianesello and D Gloria ldquoSilicon full inte-grated LNA filter and antenna system beyond 40GHz forMMWwireless communication links in advanced CMOS tech-nologiesrdquo in Proceedings of the IEEE Radio Frequency IntegratedCircuits Symposium pp 77ndash80 June 2006
[3] K H Park ldquoGeneration of CW MMW using optical signalpropagating nonlinear materials for wireless communicationsand ubiquitous communications systemsrdquo Electronics Lettersvol 41 no 10 pp 599ndash601 2005
[4] C A Balanis AntennaTheory Analysis and Design JohnWileyamp Sons Hoboken NJ USA 3rd edition 2012
[5] S Keyrouz H J Visser R J M Vullers and A G TijhuisldquoNovel analytical procedures for folded strip dipole antennasrdquoin Proceedings of the 6th IEEE European Conference on Antennasand Propagation (EUCAP rsquo12) pp 2479ndash2482 2012
[6] P-C Yeh W-C Liu and H-K Chiou ldquoCompact 28-GHz sub-harmonically pumped resistive mixer MMIC using a lumped-element high-passband-pass balunrdquo IEEE Microwave andWireless Components Letters vol 15 no 2 pp 62ndash64 2005
[7] F Hettstedt W Stellmach T von Hofe R Knachel and EQuandt ldquo3D thin filmGuanella-balunrdquo in Proceedings of the 7thGerman Microwave Conference (GeMiC rsquo12) pp 1ndash4 2012
6 International Journal of Antennas and Propagation
[8] Y Dai H Yin Y Feng P Li Q Han and M Han ldquoALTCC miniaturized broadband modified Marchand balunrdquo inProceedings of the International Symposium on Communicationsand Information Technologies (ISCIT rsquo12) pp 110ndash113 2012
[9] C Inui M Yasuo and M Fujishima ldquoOn-chip S-shaped rat-race balun for millimeter-wave band using wafer-level chip-size package processrdquo in Proceedings of the EuropeanMicrowaveIntegrated Circuit Conference (EuMIC rsquo08) pp 32ndash35 October2008
International Journal of
AerospaceEngineeringHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
RoboticsJournal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Active and Passive Electronic Components
Control Scienceand Engineering
Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
International Journal of
RotatingMachinery
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom
Journal ofEngineeringVolume 2014
Submit your manuscripts athttpwwwhindawicom
VLSI Design
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Shock and Vibration
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Civil EngineeringAdvances in
Acoustics and VibrationAdvances in
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Electrical and Computer Engineering
Journal of
Advances inOptoElectronics
Hindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom
Volume 2014
The Scientific World JournalHindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
SensorsJournal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Modelling amp Simulation in EngineeringHindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Chemical EngineeringInternational Journal of Antennas and
Propagation
International Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Navigation and Observation
International Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
DistributedSensor Networks
International Journal of
6 International Journal of Antennas and Propagation
[8] Y Dai H Yin Y Feng P Li Q Han and M Han ldquoALTCC miniaturized broadband modified Marchand balunrdquo inProceedings of the International Symposium on Communicationsand Information Technologies (ISCIT rsquo12) pp 110ndash113 2012
[9] C Inui M Yasuo and M Fujishima ldquoOn-chip S-shaped rat-race balun for millimeter-wave band using wafer-level chip-size package processrdquo in Proceedings of the EuropeanMicrowaveIntegrated Circuit Conference (EuMIC rsquo08) pp 32ndash35 October2008
International Journal of
AerospaceEngineeringHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
RoboticsJournal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Active and Passive Electronic Components
Control Scienceand Engineering
Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
International Journal of
RotatingMachinery
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom
Journal ofEngineeringVolume 2014
Submit your manuscripts athttpwwwhindawicom
VLSI Design
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Shock and Vibration
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Civil EngineeringAdvances in
Acoustics and VibrationAdvances in
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Electrical and Computer Engineering
Journal of
Advances inOptoElectronics
Hindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom
Volume 2014
The Scientific World JournalHindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
SensorsJournal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Modelling amp Simulation in EngineeringHindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Chemical EngineeringInternational Journal of Antennas and
Propagation
International Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Navigation and Observation
International Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
DistributedSensor Networks
International Journal of
International Journal of
AerospaceEngineeringHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
RoboticsJournal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Active and Passive Electronic Components
Control Scienceand Engineering
Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
International Journal of
RotatingMachinery
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom
Journal ofEngineeringVolume 2014
Submit your manuscripts athttpwwwhindawicom
VLSI Design
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Shock and Vibration
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Civil EngineeringAdvances in
Acoustics and VibrationAdvances in
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Electrical and Computer Engineering
Journal of
Advances inOptoElectronics
Hindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom
Volume 2014
The Scientific World JournalHindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
SensorsJournal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Modelling amp Simulation in EngineeringHindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Chemical EngineeringInternational Journal of Antennas and
Propagation
International Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Navigation and Observation
International Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
DistributedSensor Networks
International Journal of
