REPRINT OFIMPERIAL GAZETTEER OF INDIA

(PROVINCIAL SERIES), PUNJAB, 1908

GAZETTEERS ORGANISATIONREVENUE DEPARTMENT

HARYANA

CHANDIGARH (INDIA)

PriceRs.~~.:;\;

The Controller, Printing and Stationery, Haryana,Ckandigarb (l,Adia)~

, .Prlntf:dBy':

Controller of Printing and Station~, Government of HaryarChandigarh.

""

The District Gazetteer is a miniature encyclopaedia and a goodguide. It describes all important aspects and features of the district;historical, physical, social, economic and cultural. Officials and otherpersons desirous of acquainting themselves with the salient features ofthe district would find a study of the Gazetteer rewarding. It is of immenseuse for research scholars.

The old gazetteers of the State published in the British regimecontained very valuable information, which was not wholly re-producedin the revised volume. These gazetteers have gone out of stock and arenot easily available. There is a demand for these volumes by researchscholars and educationists. As such, the scheme of reprinting of oldgazetteers was taken up by the Gazetteers Organisation of Haryana.

The draft of Imperial Gazetteer of India (Provincial Series) was Iinitially drafted by Mr. H.A. Rose, I.C.S. He received special assistanc~ :jfrom Mr. Raghunath Das of Jin~, Pandit Ram Singh Sharma qf iPaqala,Sardar Gurbachan Singh of Sirmur and Malik Muhammad. Din of

;.. Bahawalpur. Final revision was carried out by Mr. 1.P. Thompson, Le.S.

The Volume is the reprinted edition of the Imperial Gazetteerlof India (Provincial Series), Punjab, Volume-I, 1908. It containsinfonnation on a slew of varied topics pertaining to the district of Arilbala,Hisar, Kamal, Rohtak and Gurgaon. This is the eighteenth in the seriesof reprinted gazetteers of Haryana. Every care has been taken inmaintaining the complete originality of the old gazetteer while reprinting.I extend my appreciation toSh. A. K. Jain, Editor, Gazetteers andSh. 1.S. Nayyar, Assistant, who have handled the work with efficiency·and care in the reprinting of this volume.

I am very thankful to the Controller, Printing and Stationery,Haryana and his staff in the press for expeditiously completing the workof reprinting.

tHE articles contained in these volumes wt"rt"originallydrafted by Mr. H. A. Rose, Le.S. A considerable portionof the Provincial article was contributed by officers ofscientific departments or heads of departments; whi!~ th~draft District and minor articles were scrutinized and cor·reeted by District and Political Officers, among whom maybe mentioned Messrs. J. Coldstream, R. E. Younghusband,E. R. Abbott, P. J. Fagan, H. Calvert, and Captain R. M.Lowis. In compiling State articles special assistance ~a$received from M. Raghunath Das of Jind, PanJit RimSingh Sarma of PaWila, Sardar Gurbachan Sing\ of Sir·mur, and Malik Muhammad Din of Bahiwalput. Thefinal revision was carried out by Mr. ]. P. Thompson, I.C.S.,

.••. --..,. ~.,.,~ .,,..,. "h ~."""'--'

who has rendered valuable service In reV1Singthe statisticsand collecting additional matter.

__ __ __

THE PR.OVINCEPHvSJCA,L AsPECTS

General description .BoundariesPhysical divisionsThe DolbsMountain systemRiver systemScenery •Geology "

PJains '.Salt RangeHimllayas •

Northem zone "Centlal and lower zonesSub-Himila.yan zone.

Botany. .."Himilayas .Submontane tJaetPlainl.Salt Range"

Wild animals "BirdsReptiles and fishInsects •Meteorology .Storms and cyclonesFloodsEarthquakes

.HISTORYEarly periodAlexander'.Hi~successors.Sabs and Kushans .

'The Muhammadan invasions.){abmiid of Ghazni .

PAGE1-166

1-I7I

122

2

2

••••••It ~is. .l6 .6

71. 88

10. 10II

12.--.J2IJ1313161616

. . 17-361717161920

2T

TABLE OF C09TENTS'Y" ,•.

Muhammad of GborSlave kingsMongol raids •KhiljiS and Tughla.ksAnarchy.Saiyids and LadtsMughals' and SurisAkbarJaMngtr •

" ShAh ]ablnAutangzebSikhsInvasionsRanjtt SinghFirst Sikh WarSecond Sikh WarThe MutinyLater events

A ltCHAEOLOGYEarly periodBuddhismHinduismIslAm .'

POPULAT\ON •Density .Cities, towns, and vil~gesGrowth of populationMigrationAge statistics •Vital statistics .InfirmitiesFeverCholera and small-poxp,lague .Infant mortalitySex statistics •Statistics of civil conditionLanguageCastePhysical characteristicsReligionsArya SamajReligious architecture,Christian missions .

PAGIt.;·•. 22

2:1

232425262627272728283°

~.. 31313334'36

• ~6-39.~, 36373138

• 39-5739·

·4°4°4°41414243434344444S4748495°51S2S2

OccupationsFoodDressDwellingsDisposal of the deadAmusementsFestivals.Names

AGRICULTURESoils and conditions of cultivationHarvestsPloughingSowing •Manure •Population dependent on agriculturePrincipal spring crops

Wheat.Gram.Barley.

Principal autumn cropsMaize .Spiked milletGreat milletRice •

Other autumn cerealsCottonOilseedsHempSpicesSugar-caneDrugs and narcotics

Poppy. .TobaccoTea

IndigoGarden produceRotationsImprovements in agricultural practiceLoansCattle

YakKineBuffaloes

\"1\

PAGE53535-.5SS55556S6

57-68575858585859595~59 ,60

-I 60606.0606060606161("

6161616161016z6262626~.>636464'..v",

OccupationsFoodDress.DwellingsDisposal of the deadAmusementsFestivals.Names

AGRICULTURESoils and conditions of cultivationHarvestsPloughingSowing •Manure •Population dependent on agriculturePrincipal spring crops

Wheat •Gram •Barley.

Principal autumn cropsMaize .Spiked milletGreat milletRice •

Other autumn cerealsCottonOilseeds .HempSpicesSugar-caneDrugs and narcotics

Poppy. .TobaccoTea

IndigoGarden produceRotationsImprovements in agricultural practiceLoansCattle

YakKineBuffaloes

viiPAGE

53535'+55S5S5S656

57-68575858 .585859

,{59.i'59 ,S96060606.0,60.\ 6060606r616,

, 6161616r61016262626263636464'..v .••.

J

CottonWoolSil\Embroidery"Carpets and rugsJewellery .Ironwork.Brass and copper manufacturesPottery •Wood-carving and furnitureInlaid workLacquer-work •European furniture •IvoryPaper and fibresExtension of factory industries .

Cotton-mills.Woollen industry.BreweriesIceIndigo.DistilleriesIron foundries

Protection of operatives •Artisans in the indigenous industries

COMMERCE AND TRADE.Trade prior to annexationvenera! character of trade"Trade centres .Organization of internal trade •Organization of external tradeTrade with KashmirTrade \vith countries beyond India

COMMUNICATIONSP~!h~'~rsRoads

VehiclesRiversPost Office

FAMINE.Area liable to be visitedHistory of famines •

1860-1ySlIiSl_",.. oil

P"'~E

78797QbO8080818r8r8282828282838383848484 ,84 '84848485

85-8885 •8686878788

,8888-93

8~91929292

93-979~Y49501:

CottonWoolSiIlrEmbroidery

, ,Carpets and rugsJewellery .Ironwork.Brass and copper manufacturesPottery •)Vood.carving and furnitureInlaid workLacquer-work •European furniture •IvoryPaper and fibresExtension of factory industries •

Cotton-mills.Woollen industry .BreweriesIceIndigo.DistilleriesIron foundries

Protection of operativesArtisans in the indigenous industries

COMMERCE AND TRADE.Trade prior to annexationyeneral character of trade·trade centres .Organization of internal trade •Organization of external trade •Trade with KashmirTrade ,vith countries beyond India

COMMUNICATIONSP-.3!h~'~~'sRoads

VehiclesRiversPost Office

FAMINE.Area liable to be visitedHistory of famines •

1860-1!SlliSl-?

IX

PJ.liE

78797000808081818181828282828383

,83848484il4 ;

f 84 I84 "8485

8S-888S8686878788

,8888-93

RR91929'-92

93-9793949Sor:

"

CottonWoolSilkEmbroideryCarpets and rugsJewellery .Ironwork.Brass and copper manufacturesPottery •Wood· carving and furnitureInlaid workLacquer-work •European furnitureIvoryPaper and fibresExtension of factory industries •

Cotton-mills •Woollen industry.BreweriesIceIndigo.DistilleriesIron foundries

Protection of operativesArtisans in the indigenous industries

COMMERCE AND TRADE •

Trade prior to annexationGeneral character of tradeTrade centres .Organization of internal trade •Organization of external trade •Trade with KashmirTrade ,vith countries beyond India

COMr.lUNICATIONSP..ail'·~'~ysRoads

VehiclesRiversPost Office

FAMINE.Area liable to be visitedHistory of famines •

1860-1~Sll'iSl_')

IX

f).liE

78797Q608080818181828z8z828283838384848484'~4 ,I84 I8485

85-88858686878788

.8888-93

8891929292

93-9793949S01;

18n-81896-19°0

Effects of famine on populationProtective measures.

ADMINISTRATION •Govemment •Administrative divisionsNative States •

Relations with GovernmentReligionRace •Chiefs who are minor_.

LEGISLATION AND JUSTICECustomary law.LegislationSupreme CourtSubordinate courtsCivil casesCriminal courtsCriminal cases .Criminal appealsCivil appeals •Revenue courtsRegistration

FINANCEProvincial settlements

1877-821882-71887-921892-71897-19°5

LAND REVENUEUnder native ruleSubsequent development .The cadastral recordZilml ""arsThe assessmentShare of produce takenCessesAllowances,Term of settlement .The collection of the revenueSuspensions and remissionsNew restl'iclions on alienation of land

PAGE95959696

.97-102979899

100

100

101

101

102-1°5102

102

1°31°31°31°4

• I 104:',104

1°51°51°5

IOS-109106

1°7107

1°71°7108

109""1151°91°9110

IIOIII

112II2112II3II3II 4-114

Moderation in assessmentsClassification of land

PAGP:115

tIS

.M I~CI':LLANEOUS REVENUESalt.Excise

OpiumCultivationImports and exports .Opium-smoking

LiquorsForeign spiritsDrugS.Statistics of revenue

Stamps •Income tax

LOCAL AND MUNICIPAL •'Iiie-l iUage whiluunit,Municipal administration.Constitution of committees and incidence of tax-

ation •Municipal taxationDistrict boards

PUBLIC WORKSIrrigationBuildings and roads.

ARMYPOLICE AND JAILS •

Police: History and developmentOrganizationArmament .Military policeTrainingRural police~~Iu~\,;iJ.*l,.~.nivi'u:u~ut, [elij, d,jid rai~·;."••y pvli=;;Detection of crimeProportion of police to area and populationCriminal tribes and punitive posts

Jails: AdministrationMortality in jails .Employment of prisonersBoy prisoners' reformatories .

EDUCATIONHi:;tuf)

IT5u8II8

119

119

120

120

120

121121121122

122-176.. -122

I~4~~:5l2S

126-129126

127129-131131 133

1:1';:13I131

13113:132:::,,:132132132132132'33IJJ

133-144

,

-

Present organizationThe Punjab UniversityCollegiate educationLaw SchoolSecondary educationPrimary education (boys).Zamlndari schools •Female educationSpecial education

Training institutionsNormal schools •Technical educationEuropean educationMuhammadan education

General educational resultsYmance •Registered publicationsNewspapers

MEDICALLunatics.Pasteur Institute and Research InstituteVaccinationSale of quinineVillage sanitation

SURVEYS ....

BIBLIOGRAPHYSTATISTICS

Table I. Temperature" II. Rainfall" III. Distribution of population, 1901 •" IV. Statistics of agriculture" V. Prices of staples in seers per rupee" VI. Trade by rail and river of the Punjab with

other Provinces and States in India •" VII. Trade of the Punjab with KashmIr and Ladl.kh"VIII. Statistics of criminal justice •" IX. Statistics of civil· justice and revenue court

cases . :-." X. Principal sources of Provincial revenue." XI. Provincial expenditure ." XII. Income and expenditure of municipalities"XIII. Income and e~penditure of District boards" XIV. Police statistics" XV. Jail slalUiLics

PAGE

13513513613713713813914°14°14°141

141142142143143144144

144-147146146146147147

. 141-149149-15°151 166

151151

152154 .155

158159160

161

162

163164

~

-

PAGETable XVI. Colleges, schools, and scholars. 165

" XVII. Statistics of hospitals, lunatic asylums, andvaccinatiOn 100

MOUNTAINS •H,MALAYAS

Name.Extent of rangePolitical distributionDivisions of rangeScenerySnow-lineRivers •Highest peaksValleys and lakes .Geology

Age and origin of the rangeThe Siwalik seriesUnfossiliferous rocks of OtJter Himl.1ayas •The crystalline aXis •Fossiliferous rocks of the Tibetan zoneRconomic minerals

BotanyFauna.People.Agriculture •ForestsMeans of communicationBibliography

SIWAUK HILLSSALT RANGE •

RIVER.S •

JUMNA

CHAUTANGSARASWATi

GHAGGAR.

SUTLEJBEASRAVICHENABBHIMBAR

JHKLUM •

P~NJNAnINDUS

Course in Tibet and Kashm!l

167-183167-180

16716716716816916917°17°17°17117117a17317317417S!1:75176177178179179180!80181

183-202183185185Il$b18718819°19119=193195

J95-aoa1'/5

~:_C:Eh.asnmlr J95In the Punjab and th~ Frontier Province 196In Sind 198Changes in the river course 199Inundations and irrigation 200Principal canals 200Navigation 20JFish 102

CANALS. 202-21f1JUMi"A \:AJ!oIAL, '~V-ESTERN 202

SIRHIND CANAL '. 205BARI DoAB CANAL • 207

\.CRENAII CANAL, LOWER 208]HELUM CANAL, LoWER 210SHAH PUR INUNDATION CANALS ZIZSUTLEJ CANALS, UPPER • j 213GREY CANALS.' 2I 4GHAGGAR CANALS 215SUTLE] INUNDATION CANALS, LOWER 215SJDHNAI CANAL '!16CHENAB INUNDATION CANALS. 217MUZAFFARGARH CANALS. 218INDUS INUNDATION CANALS :218

HISTORIC AREAS 2~g-226BARI DOAB 2I 9BHATTIANA 219BisT ]ULLUNDUR DOAB 220CRA] (JKCH) DOAB • 220Cis-SUTLEJ STATES. 221HARIANA 222KURUXSHETRA 223MiLWA 224MiN]HA. 224RECHNA DOAB 225SIND·SAGAR DOAB 22 5THAL 225

DELHI DlvrSION 227-350HISSAR DISTRICT 228-24i

Boundaries, configuration, and hill and river systems. 228Geology 228Bomny 228Fall..... 228Climate and temperature. 228Rainfall 228

~

PAGE229232232233234235235235236236236236237237237237238238239239239 .'240240 •

24°24°240

241

241

241

241

242

242

2~~243243243244245246247

ROHTAK DISTRICT . 247-264Boundaries, configuration, and hill and river systems. 247Geo~ 248Botany • 248

History and archaeologyThe peopleCastes and occupationsCluistian missionsGeneral agricultural conditions .Chief agricultural statistics and principal cropsImprovements in agricultural practiceCattle, horses, and sheep .Irrigation.ForestsMinerals.Arts and manufacturesCommerce and tradeRailways and roads .Famine .District subdivisions and staffCivil and criminal justice.Land revenue administrationLocal and municipalPolice and .jailsEducationHospitals and dispensariesVaccinationBibliography .HlSSAR TAHSiLHANSI TAHSiLBHIWANI TAHSiL

FATAHABAD TAHSiLTOHANA SUB-TAHSiLSIRSA TAHSiL •DABWALI SUB-TAHSiLSKINNER ESTATESAGROHA.BHIWANI TOWNFATA!lABAD TOWNHANSI TOWN.HISSAR TOWN.SIRSA TOWN •TOHiNA TOWNTosHAM •

FaunaClimate and temperature .Rainfall •History •ArchaeologyThe peopleCastes and occupationsChristian missions •General agricultural conditions.Chief agricultural statistics and principal crops .Improvements in agricultural practiceCattle, borses. and sheep •IrrigationForests .;Minerals •Arts aDd manufacturesCommerce and tradeRailways and roads •Famine •District subdivisions and staffCivil and criminal justice .Land revenue administrationLocal and municipal •.Police and jailsEducationHospitals and" dispensariesVaccination·Bibliography •ROHTA~ TAHSiLSi)fPLA •JHA]]Alt. TAHSiLGOUNA TAHSiLBAHADURGARHBAIlAUDABERIBUTiNA •GXORGEGAllH •GoHANA TOWN

}RAJJAll TOWN IKAHN'AUllKALiNAUR.

MARAK.MUNDLiNAROHTAIt. TOWN

l'AGE24824824824825°251251252252252253lI53254254-lIS4-lI55lISS:2SS!

.' lI5S'·lI5~

256lI57lIS3

• . lIsS258lIs9259259

'. 259lIS91159'260 .

260260260lI61261

261-

lI61

262lI62262563263

PAGESANGHI • 264

GURGAON DISTRICT 264-279Buwu.1uit;::t, (.;..,un~uJ:i:«.&.iOU,iU:iC..l hili iI..ul1"l~c;l 3)3;"C111'; .. ~G"foGeology 264Botany 264Fauna 265Climate and temperature. 265Rainfall • 265History . 265Archaeology 266The people 266Castes and occupations 267Christian missions 268General agricultural conditions. 268Chief agricultural statistics and principal crops 268Improvements in agricultural practice 269Cattle, horses, sheep, and goats 269Irrigation • 269Forests 270Minerals . 210 :Arts and manufactures 270Commerce and trade 270Railways and roads . 271Famine • 271District subdivisions and staff 272Civil and criminal justice. 272Land revenue administration 272Local and municipal 273Police and j!1ils :l73Education 273Hospitals and dispensaries 274"accination 274Bibliography • 274GURGAON TAHsiL 274FALWAL TAHSiL 275FiRoZPUR TAHSIL 275NUH 276REWA-RI TAHsiL 276

FARRUKHNAGAR 276FiROZPUR-]HIRK.\ 277

GURGAON TOWN 277BODAL 278PALWAL TOWN 278RE\~,·Ai\.i Tv-"v:i.~ .z;e

'

PAGESOHNA 279

DELHI DISTRICT 280-301

Boundaries, configuration, and hill and river systems. 280Geology 280Botany 280Fauna 281Climate and temperature. :181Rainfall • 281History • 281The people 282Castes and occupations 282Christian missions . 283General agricultural conditions. 283 ,Chief agricultural statistics and principal crops • 284Improvements in agricultural practice 284Cattle and horses 285Ir.rigation 285Forests . 285Minerals . i:z86Manufactures and trade I. I ~86Railways and roads .• ·286Famine . '286 •District subdivisions and staff 287Civil and criminal justice. 287Land revenue administration. ;,288Local and municipal .a88Police and jails 289Education 289Hospitals and dispensaries 289Vaccination 289Bibliography . 289DBLHI TAHSiL. 289

SoNEPAT TAHSiL 290

BALLABGARH TAHSiL 290

BALLABGARH TOWN 290

DELHI CITY 291-3°0History 291Modern Delhi 295Arts and manufactures. 298Commerce and trade 299Education 300

FARioA-BAD 300INDARPAT 300

SONEPATTOWN 301

PAGEKARNAL DISTRICT 301-319

Boundaries, configuration, 'and hill and river systems. 3elGeology and botany 302Fauna 302CliInate and temperature . 30%Rainfall . ' 303History and archaeology 303The people 304Castes and occupations -, '. 305Christian, missions • " 306General agricultural conditions. 306

, Chief agricultural statistics and principal crops' 306Improvements, in agricultural practice ' 307Cattle, horses, arid shee:p .;: 307Irrigation i 307Forests·:308Minerals. ':3°8Arts and manufactures '. 3~8Commerce and trade 308 "Railways and roads. ,309 .Famine • 309District subdivisions and staff 310Civil and criminal justice. 310Land revenue administration 310Local and municipal 3 IIPolice and jails '. 311Education 31 1Hospitals and dispensaries 3 I 2Vaccination 3 uBibliography '. ',3'%KARNAL TAHSiL : 312THANESAR TAHSiL 3]:iPiNIPAT_TAHsiL 313KAITHAL TAHSiL 3I 3GULA 314KUNJPURA 314KAITHAL TOWN 314KARNAL TOWN 315

llDWA '. 316PANipAT TOWN 316PEHOWA • 317PUNDRI . 318SHAHABAD 318

, TIRAWARI (or Azamlbad.i-Taliwari) . " 318ba

'

'

"

PAckTHANESAR TOWN 318

AMBALA DISTRICT • 319-338Boundaries, configuration, and hill a.nd river systems. 319Geology 320Botany • 320Fauna 321Climate and temperature. 321Rainfall • 321History and archaeology 32 IThe people . 323Castes and occupations 324Christian missions • 324General agricultural conditions. 324Chief agricultural statistics and principal crops . 325Improvements in agricultural practice' 325Cattle, horses, and sheep • 326Irrigation 326Forests • 327Minerals. 327 JArts and manufactures 327Commerce and trade 327Railways and roads. 328Famine • 328District subdivisions and statl' 329Civil and criminal justice. 329Larid revenue administration 329Loc.al and municipal 330Police and jails 330Education 330Hospitals and dispensaries 331Vaccination . 331Bibliography . 33iAMBALA TAHSiL 331RUPAR SUBDIVISION 331RUl'AR TAHsiL 331KHARAR 332NARAINGARH • 332JAGADHRI TAHSiL 332MANAULJ 333AMBALA CITY. .333BURIYA • 334JAGADURI TOWN 335KALKA • 335KASAVLl • 335

PAGR

RUPAR TOWN 336SADHAURA 3373u~~ 337

SIMLA DISTRICT 338-350Boundaries, configuration, and hill and river systems. 338Geology . 339Botany • 339Fauna 340Climate and temperature . 340Rainfall • 340History . 340The people 34 ICastes and occupations 34 IChristian missions . 342General agricultural conditions 342Chief agricultural statistics and principal crops 342Improvements in agricultural practice 342Cattle, ponies, and sheep. 343Irrigation 343Forests . 343 IMinerals. 343Arts and manufactures 343Commerce and trade 343Railways and roads . 343Famine . 344District subdivisions and staff 344Civil and criminal justice. 344.Land revenue administration 344LO':al and municipal 344-Police and jails 345Education 345Hospitals and dispensaries 345Vaccination 345Bibliography . 345SUILA-eum-BHARAULI 345KOT KHAL-CUm-KoTGARH 346DAGSHAl • 346

JUTOOH • 346KASUMPTI 346SABATHU .)46SIMLA TOWN 347SoLON 350

]ULLUNDUR DIVISION 35r-455KXi'GRA DiSYi< i\. L • 352- J9:l

Boundaries, configuration, and hill and river systems.G"'o!ogyBotanyFaunaClimate and temperature .Rainfall .The earthquake of 1905History •ArchaeologyTne peopleCastes and occupationsChristian missionsGeneral agricultural conditions .Chief agricultural statistics and principal cropsImprovements in agricultural prac'ti.ceCattle, ponies, and sheep .Irrigation •ForestsMinerals.Arts and manufacturesCommerce and tradeRoadsFamineDistrict subdivisions and staffCivil and criminal justice.Land revenue administrationLocal and municipalPolice and jailsEducationHospitals and dispensariesVaccinationBibliographyKANGRA TAHSiLPALAMPUR TAHsiL •

RULU SUBDIVISION.LAHUL •SprTIKULU TAHSil,.

SARA] TAHSiL.HAMiRPuR TAHSiLDER~ GOPIPURNURPUR TAHSILLAMBACRAON .NXDAUN ESTATE

PAnE

35235335435435535S35535535936036036236236336436436536~36$366366 .366367.36736736837037°37°31°37()371371371371371374378380381381381382382

P.~GEGaLER 382BAIJNATH 383BANGAHAL 383BARALAcHA 383CHARI 384DANltHAR 384DBAOLADRAR 384DBARNSALA • 384HARiPUR 386JAWALAMultHl 387KANGRATOWN 388KANHIARA 389KVELANG389NADAUNTOWN 390NAGAR. 390NIRMAND 390NURPUR TOWN 390PATHYAR 391RORTANG 391SUJANPURTIRA 309~SULTANPUR 39i

HOSHIARPtJRDISt'RICT 392-4°9Boundaries, confrguration, and hill and river systems. 3902Geology 393Botany . 394Fauna 394Climate and temperature • 394

• 394History .394The people 396Castes and occupations 397Christian missions • 398General agricultural conditions. 398Chief agricultural statistics and principal crops . 398Improvements in agricultural practice 399Cattle, horses, goats, &c. • 399Irrigation 400Forests • 400Minerals • 400Arts and manufactures 400Commerce and trade 401Roads :401Famine . '4°1District subdivisions and staff • 401

~

PAGECivil and criminal justice. 402Land revenue administration 402Local and municipal 403Police and jails 403Education 403Hospitals and dispensaries 403Vaccination 404Bibliography . 404HOSHIARPURTAHSiL 404DASUYATAHSiL 404UNATAHML . 404GARHSHANKARTAHSiL 405ANANDPUR 405BAJwARA 405BHARWAIN 406DAsUvA.TowN 406GA.RHDlWALA. 406GARHS~NltAR TOWN 406 iHARIANA 407HOSHIARPURTOWN 407]AlJON 407MALOT . 407MIANI 408MUltERlAN 408SOLASINGHI(or Chintpumi) 408rANDA-URMAR 409UNA TOWN 409

]ULLUNDURDISTRICT 4°9-424Boundaries, configuration, and hill and river systems . 409Geology and botany. 410Fauna 410Climate and temperature . 410Rainfall • 410History and archaeology 41 IThe people 413Castes and occupations 413Christian missions . 414General agricultural conditions. 414Agricultural statistics and principal crops 4 ISImprovements in agricultural practice 415Cattle, horseS, &c. 416Irrigation. 416Fores~ 416Minerals. 416

rAGK

Arts and manufactures 416Commerce and trade 417Railways and roads . 417:Famine . 417District subdivisions and staff 417Civil and criminal justice. "p 8Land revenue administration 4 I8Local and municipal 4 J 8Police and jails 4 J 9Education 4 I9Hospitals and dispensaries 419Vaccination 419Bibliography . 419]ULLUNDUR TAHSiL 420NAWASHAHR TAHSiL 420PHILLAUR TAHSiL 420NAKODAR TAHSiL 420AUWALPUR 421BANGA 421JANDIALA 421]ULLUX"DUR TOWN 421KARTARPUR 422NAKODAR TOWN 422

NAWASHAHR TOWN. 423

NURMAHAL 423PHILLAUR TOWN 423

RAHON 424l"UDHIANA DISTRICT 424-437

Boundaries, configuration, allo hill arad liver systems. 4J4-Geology and botany 425Fauna 425Climate and temperature . 425Rainfall . 425History and archaeology 425The people 427Castes and occupations 428Christian missions 428General agricultural conditions. 428Chief agricultural statistics and principal crops 429Improvements in agricultural practice 429Cattle, horses, sheep, &c. . 429Irrigation 43~Forests and minerals 430Arts and manufactures 430

"

PAGE

Commerce and trade . 43 IRailways and roads . . 431Famine . 431District subdivisions and staff 43 ICivil and criminal justice. . 43 ILand revenue administration 431Local and municipal 432Police and jails . • 432Education . 433Hospitals and dispensaries 433Vaccination 433Bibliography • 433LunHIANA TAHSiL 433SAMRALA. 434JAGRAON TAHSiL 434ALiwAL • 434BAHLoLPuR 435JAGRAON TOWN . 435KHANNA. 435LUDHIANA TOWN '. 435MicHHiwARA • •. i. 437 .'RAIlCOT • '. 437SUNET 437 •

"-EROZEPORE DISTRICT "43':-455Boundaries; configuration, and hill and river systems.: 437

. Geology and botany 438Fauna 438-clilJ'ate and tempenlture . 439Rainfall •. • 439

, liistory and archaeology . 439" The people 442

Castes and occupations 442, Christian missions . '.. :.443

General agricultural conditions . 443Chief agricultural statistics and principal crops. 443

. Improvements in agricultural practice 444Cattle, horses, and sheep . 444Irrigation 444Forests and minerals 445

'. Arts and manufactures 445Commerce and trade 445Railways and roads . 445Famine . 445District subdivisions and staff 446

-

Civil and erimiIJal justice .Land revenue AdministrationLocal and municipalPolice and jailsEducation.Hospitals and diapensanesVaccinationBibliograpby •F'uORPOU TAHSiLZillA TAHsiL •

MOOA TAHSiL.Mult'rSAR TAHSiL

Fun." TAHsiLMAM!>OT EsTATEABOHAII. •

DHAlUIltOTFAZILKA ToWNFnODPOII.B TOWN.FEROD:SHABMARRA] •

. MAltHU •

MAMDOT VILLAGEMOOA TOWN.Munltl •YUltTSAR TOWN.ZiRAToWN

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