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SEMINAR TOPIC:POWER PAPER

Swetansh M. ShrivastavaSwetansh M. Shrivastava EC IIIyr EC IIIyr

Raj Kumar Goel Institute Of TechnologyRaj Kumar Goel Institute Of TechnologyGhaziabadGhaziabad

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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION• Power PaperPower Paper, while the name , while the name of a company, has come to be of a company, has come to be the term referring to an ultra-the term referring to an ultra-thin thin battery..

• Power paper is an emerging Power paper is an emerging technology which is thin, technology which is thin, flexible and environment-flexible and environment-friendly, allowing integration friendly, allowing integration into a wide range of products. into a wide range of products. Their functioning is similar to Their functioning is similar to conventional chemical batteries conventional chemical batteries with the important difference with the important difference that they are non-corrosive and that they are non-corrosive and do not require a bulky housing.do not require a bulky housing.

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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

• Yet, as new technologies are slimming down Yet, as new technologies are slimming down the size of electronic devices, power supplies the size of electronic devices, power supplies have not slimmed down at the same pace. have not slimmed down at the same pace. 

• Power Paper, an Israel-based company, has , an Israel-based company, has recognized the need for a thinner power recognized the need for a thinner power source that will not only power electronic source that will not only power electronic devices, but also fit into disposable devices devices, but also fit into disposable devices like games, greeting cards, smart cards, like games, greeting cards, smart cards, luggage tags and some medical devices.luggage tags and some medical devices.

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DEVELOPMENTDEVELOPMENT

• It is developed in August 2007,It is developed in August 2007, atat  Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute  by:by:

• Dr. Dr. Robert Linhardt, , Senior ConstellationSenior Constellation Professor of Biocatalysis and Metabolic engg.Professor of Biocatalysis and Metabolic engg.

• Dr.Dr. Pulickel M. Ajayan, , professor ofprofessor of materials science and engg.materials science and engg.

• Dr. Dr. Omkaram Nalamasu, , professor ofprofessor of chemistry chemistry in materials science and engg.in materials science and engg.

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ARCHITECTUREARCHITECTURE

• It consist of three It consist of three different layers. It has different layers. It has conventional zinc conventional zinc manganese-dioxide manganese-dioxide components as anode components as anode and cathode. and cathode. Sandwiched in Sandwiched in between, the cell's between, the cell's chemical power source chemical power source remains a closely remains a closely guarded secret.guarded secret.

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ARCHITECTUREARCHITECTURE• A A zinczinc and  and manganese manganese

dioxidedioxide (MnO2) -based  (MnO2) -based cathode and anode are cathode and anode are fabricated from fabricated from proprietary inks. In a proprietary inks. In a battery, the cathode battery, the cathode refers to the positive refers to the positive terminal and the anode terminal and the anode refers to the negative refers to the negative terminal.terminal.

• Standard Standard silkscreen silkscreen printing pressesprinting presses are  are used to print the used to print the batteries onto paper and batteries onto paper and other substrates.other substrates.

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FEATURESFEATURES• Thin and flexibleThin and flexible: At a thickness of only 0.6 – 0.7 : At a thickness of only 0.6 – 0.7

mm. The thin battery is flexible and can be bent or mm. The thin battery is flexible and can be bent or twisted repeatedly at sharp angles. twisted repeatedly at sharp angles.

• Environment-friendly and bio-friendly - Environment-friendly and bio-friendly - The The materials used for Power Paper’s printed thin battery materials used for Power Paper’s printed thin battery and integration technologies are environmentally and integration technologies are environmentally safe according to international standards.safe according to international standards.

• Fully Integratable Fully Integratable – Power Paper's disposable thin – Power Paper's disposable thin battery's cells can be printed directly into or onto battery's cells can be printed directly into or onto the end-product for seamless integration.the end-product for seamless integration.

• Low-cost mass production using a conventional Low-cost mass production using a conventional screen-printing processes.screen-printing processes.

• Proven performance -Proven performance -   The cells perform well    The cells perform well over a wide range of temperatures and humidity over a wide range of temperatures and humidity levels, featuring a flat discharge curve.levels, featuring a flat discharge curve.

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FEATURESFEATURES• High safety features High safety features - -

Power Paper's disposable thin Power Paper's disposable thin battery's cells contain no battery's cells contain no caustic chemicals, and cannot caustic chemicals, and cannot overheat, explode, or cause overheat, explode, or cause burns or electrical shock. burns or electrical shock.

• Flat discharge Flat discharge curve curve - Power Paper's - Power Paper's disposable thin battery's cells disposable thin battery's cells feature a straight and stable feature a straight and stable discharge curve until discharge curve until complete depletion of their complete depletion of their capacity, enabling steady capacity, enabling steady performance of powered performance of powered products over time.products over time.

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SPECIFICATIONSPECIFICATIONThe general specifications for Power Paper’s current The general specifications for Power Paper’s current

generation of batteries are as follows:generation of batteries are as follows:

• Primary cellPrimary cell :: 1.5V1.5V• Typical thickness (total)Typical thickness (total):: 0.7 mm0.7 mm• Bending radiusBending radius :: 2.5cm (1 inch)2.5cm (1 inch)• Nominal continuousNominal continuous

current density current density :: 0.1 mAh/cm 0.1 mAh/cm 22

• Nominal capacity Nominal capacity :: 4.5 mAh/cm4.5 mAh/cm22

• Nominal internal resistanceNominal internal resistance :: 50 Ohm max50 Ohm max• Shelf life3 yearsShelf life3 years• Temperature operating rangeTemperature operating range :: -20°C to +60°C-20°C to +60°C• Environmentally friendlyEnvironmentally friendly :: No heavy metal No heavy metal

componentscomponents such as Mercury, such as Mercury, Cadmium or Cadmium or LeadLead

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APPLICATIONSAPPLICATIONS• Electronic games and entertainment devicesElectronic games and entertainment devices -  -

The possibilities are endless for using Power Paper The possibilities are endless for using Power Paper batteries in novelty items, baseball cards, greeting batteries in novelty items, baseball cards, greeting cards and lottery tickets. Labels on just about any cards and lottery tickets. Labels on just about any product could become interactive.product could become interactive.

• Disposable medical devicesDisposable medical devices - Single-use delivery  - Single-use delivery and diagnostic devices could have Power Paper and diagnostic devices could have Power Paper incorporated into their construction to allow for incorporated into their construction to allow for sensors and smart labels.sensors and smart labels.

• A German healthcare company called KSW Microtech A German healthcare company called KSW Microtech is already using the battery to power monitoring of is already using the battery to power monitoring of the temperature of a blood supplies. The company the temperature of a blood supplies. The company has fitted a small chip with thermometer to the side has fitted a small chip with thermometer to the side of each blood bag that wirelessly transmits records of of each blood bag that wirelessly transmits records of the bag's temperature history to a nearby computer.the bag's temperature history to a nearby computer.

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APPLICATIONS

• Smart cards and tagsSmart cards and tags - Power Paper batteries  - Power Paper batteries can be laminated onto smart cards and other can be laminated onto smart cards and other micro-devices and replace ordinary tickets and micro-devices and replace ordinary tickets and tags. It is possible that tickets to major sporting tags. It is possible that tickets to major sporting events could use this technology to limit events could use this technology to limit counterfeiting. And imagine a ticket that could counterfeiting. And imagine a ticket that could not only grant you admission, but also give you not only grant you admission, but also give you directions to your seat!directions to your seat!

• The battery could also be used within health care The battery could also be used within health care to power tiny medical diagnostic equipment and to power tiny medical diagnostic equipment and even drug delivery patches.even drug delivery patches.

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REFERENCESREFERENCES• V. L Pushparaj, S. M. Manikoth, A. Kumar, S. V. L Pushparaj, S. M. Manikoth, A. Kumar, S.

Murugesan, L. Ci, R. Vajtai, R. J. Linhardt, O. Murugesan, L. Ci, R. Vajtai, R. J. Linhardt, O. Nalamasu, P. M. Ajayan. Nalamasu, P. M. Ajayan. "Flexible Nanocomposite Thin Film Energy Storage Devices"..

•   Katherine Noyes. "Nanotubes Power Paper-Thin Katherine Noyes. "Nanotubes Power Paper-Thin Battery".Battery".

• "Beyond Batteries: Storing Power in a Sheet of "Beyond Batteries: Storing Power in a Sheet of Paper“, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.Paper“, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.

• "Paper battery offers future power". BBC News."Paper battery offers future power". BBC News.

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THANK YOU!!THANK YOU!!