Pick up comparison chart and discuss with group

Staple chart in notebookthen make a physiology title page

Put labs in the center of table

ANNOUNCEMTS—Paid for test—3 days leftMonday after school moved to Wed after school

Q1If it has…

• no coelom and no cephalization

Q1

• Porifera

Protostome (top)

Deuterostome (bottom)

1. Acoelomate, in which no coelomic cavity exists. Find an animal in your textbook or in the lab that is an example of this body plan.

2. Pseudocoelomate, in which a coelom exists, but it is lined by mesoderm only on the body wall, not around the gut. What is an example of a pseudoceoleomate animal?

3. Coelomate (or Eucoelmate, or “True” Coelom), in which the coelom is lined both on the inside of the body wall and around the gut by mesoderm. Animals with a true coelom also have mesenteries, which suspend the body organs within the coelom.

• The coelom suspends the gut in fluid in the middle of the body, protecting it from gravity and allowing increases in body size.

Gastrulation

• http://bcs.whfreeman.com/thelifewire/content/chp20/2002001.html

Get ready for 2 quizzes

• Ecological succession describes the pattern of changes in communities over time. The graph below shows changes in plant diversity following the abandonment of an agricultural field in a temperate biome.

• (a) Discuss the differences in plant diversity shown in the graph and explain how the changes affect the animal species composition between years 0 and 120.

• (b) Identify TWO biotic and TWO abiotic factors and discuss how each could influence the pattern of ecological succession.

• (c) Design a controlled experiment to determine how the diversity of plant species in a newly abandoned field would be affected by large herbivores.

Birth Certificate

Chapter 40 ~ An Introduction to

Animal Structure and

Function

Coloring and Clay Expectations

Coloring

-Descriptions

(4 sentences min)

-All colored with a key

-Titles created

Clay

-Building body parts only

-Any clay anywhere than the table=clay quiz

Structure determines function

• Function determines location

Many cells=tissue

Tissues: groups of cells with a common structure and function (4 types)

• Anatomy: structure• Physiology: function• 1- Epithelial: outside of body and

lines organs and cavities; held together by tight junctions

• basement membrane: dense mat of extracellular matrix

• Simple: single layer of cells• Stratified: multiple tiers of cells• Cuboidal (like dice)• Columnar (like bricks on end)• Squamous (like floor tiles)• mucous membrane

Tissues, II• 2- Connective: bind and support other tissues; scattered cells through matrix; 3 kinds:• A-Collagenous fibers (collagen protein) B-Elastic fibers (elastin protein) C-Reticular fibers (thin

branched collagen fibers)• Loose connective tissue: binds epithelia to underlying tissue; holds organs• 1-Fibroblasts- secretes extracellular proteins 2-Macrophages- amoeboid WBC’s; phagocytosis 3-

Adipose tissue- fat storage; insulation• Fibrous connective tissue: parallel bundles of cells• 1-Tendons- muscles to bones 2-Ligaments- bones to bones; joints (BOBOLI)• Cartilage: collagen in a rubbery matrix (chondroitin); flexible support• Bone: mineralized tissue by osteoblasts• Blood: liquid plasma matrix; erythrocytes (RBC’s) carry O2; leukocytes (WBC’s) immunity

• http://www.ehow.com/how_12037076_make-model-muscle-modeling-clay.html

Tissues, III

• 3-Nervous: senses stimuli and transmits signals from 1 part of the animal to another

• Neuron: functional unit that transmits impulses

• Dendrites: transmit impulses from tips to rest of neuron

• Axons: transmit impulses toward another neuron or effector

Tissues, IV

• 4- Muscle: capable of contracting when stimulated by nerve impulses; myofibrils composed of proteins actin and myosin; 3 types:

• A- Skeletal: voluntary movement (striated)

• B- Cardiac: contractile wall of heart (branched striated)

• C- Smooth: involuntary activities (no striations)

Build a muscle out of clay

Many tissues=organ

Many organs=organ

system

Organ systems• Organ: organization of

tissues• Organ systems…...

• Digestive-food processing• Circulatory-internal distribution• Respiratory-gas exchange• Immune/Lymphatic-defense• Excretory-waste disposal;

osmoregulation• Endocrine-coordination of body

activities• Reproductive-reproduction• Nervous-detection of stimuli• Integumentary-protection• Skeletal-support; protection• Muscular-movement; locomotion

Homeostasis=Internal Balance

Internal regulation• Interstitial fluid: internal fluid

environment of vertebrates; exchanges nutrients and wastes

• Homeostasis: “steady state” or internal balance

• Negative feedback: change in a physiological variable that is being monitored triggers a response that counteracts the initial fluctuation; i.e., body temperature

• Positive feedback: physiological control mechanism in which a change in some variable triggers mechanisms that amplify the change; i.e., uterine contractions at childbirth

Metabolism: sum of all energy-requiring biochemical reactions

• Catabolic processes of cellular respiration

• Calorie; kilocalorie/C• Endotherms: bodies warmed by

metabolic heat• Ectotherms: bodies warmed by

environment• Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR):

minimal rate powering basic functions of life (endotherms)

• Standard Metabolic Rate (SMR): minimal rate powering basic functions of life (ectotherms)