PERFORMANCE OF CONCRETE WITH WASTE GRANITE POWDER€¦ · Indian standards as per IS-4031-1(1996),...

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International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET)

Volume 10, Issue 03, March 2019, pp. 3123-3136, Article ID: IJCIET_10_03_315

Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=10&IType=03

ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316

© IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed

PERFORMANCE OF CONCRETE WITH WASTE

GRANITE POWDER

Kalyani Gaddam

Department of Chemical Engineering, GMR Institute of Technology, Rajam-532127,

(Andhra Pradesh) India

Lakshmi Adathodi

Department of Civil Engineering, RISE Group of Institutions, Valluru, Prakasam-523272,

(Andhra Pradesh) India

ABSTRACT

Granite dust is a waste material which produces during crushing and grinding

process of granite stone. Owing to increase the construction activities for different

regions and utilities scaring of natural resources is being forced due to its over

exploitation. Granite dust is such an alternative material which can be effectively

being used as replacement of natural sand. In this paper, Fine aggregate is replaced

partially by granite powder in the proportion of 20%, 25% &30% by weight. The

research highlights the compressive strength behavior of concrete cubes containing

granite dust associated with variable mixtures. The result revealed that the M25

grade is a good quality option because of its high compressive strength associated

with reasonable amount of fine aggregates and granite dust ratio. Proper utilization

of granite dust would not just save the large amount of construction cost, but

additionally would open a new window for the economic sector of the mines and also

reduces environmental pollution.

Keywords: Granite Dust, Environmental Pollution, Natural sand, Compressive

Strength

Cite this Article: Kalyani Gaddam and Lakshmi Adathodi, Performance of Concrete

with Waste Granite Powder. International Journal of Civil Engineering and

Technology, 10(3), 2019, pp. 3123-3136

http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=10&IType=03

1. INTRODUCTION

Nowadays the development of building construction is increasing rapidly which is

continuously reducing the amount of aggregate in our country. Environment must be

sustained and protected not only by law but with our realization for next generation [1, 8].

The Indian concrete industry is today consuming about 400 million tons of concrete every

Kalyani Gaddam and Lakshmi Adathodi

http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 3124 [email protected]

year and it is expected, that this may reach a billion tones in less than a decade. Concrete is a

combination of aggregate, water and cement. It is important to understand the fact that the

non-renewable resources are decreasing in time and an efficient recycling of the waste could

provide a balance between the resources consumed and waste produced. Sand is commonly

used as fine aggregate in concrete but is an exhaustible material and becoming expensive due

to the excessive cost of transportation from available sources [2, 9]. Due to the extensive use

of concrete, the global consumption of natural sand is very high. The demand for natural sand

is quite high in developing countries owing to rapid infrastructural growth which results

supply scarcity. Therefore, construction industries of developing countries are in stress to

identify alternative materials to replace the demand for natural sand [3,12] On the other hand,

the advantages of utilization of by-products or aggregates obtained as waste materials are

increased in the aspects of reduction in environmental pollution to gain cost effective waste

management, reduction of production cost as well as augmenting the quality of concrete [4]

The available studies regarding utilization of granite dust provide a strong recommendation

for the use of this waste as a partial replacement of fine aggregate in concrete production.

This would facilitate the effective use of the solid waste to minimize the accumulation of the

granite dust and reduce the consumption of natural sand.

Granite dust is a waste material that is produced from granite stone industry in the form of

non-biodegradable fine powder during cutting and grinding process of granite [5]. Granite

industries produce a lot of dust and waste materials. The wastes from granite polishing units

are being disposed to environment which cause health hazard. This granite powder can be

utilized for the preparation of concrete as a partial replacement of fine aggregates [6, 7].

Granite powder is produced by the process of cutting and polishing of granite and is exposed

to environment producing by health hazards. The open dumping of waste material involved a

substantial space presents terrible nature to the eye and causes potential health and

environmental hazards. Granite dust contains some chemicals which cause pollution to the

air, water, and soil. This is hard to quench and costly to clean up. The best approach for

solving the generated solid waste issue would be recycling and reusing of waste material

produced [10].

Now- a- days there are so many researches that has been done to improve and upgrading

the materials for concrete properties to be enhanced [11, 15]. The utilization of waste

materials as a replacement or additional in materials for producing the concrete can give a lot

of benefits to the humans and environment. The proposed concrete which is made up by

replacing sand in concrete by granite dust may help to reduce the shortage of sand as one of

the constituent’s material to improve the certain properties of modified concrete [13]. Many

investigations recommending to partially replacing sand with solid waste material by various

percentages may minimize the accumulation of waste in environment and reduces the

consumption of sand [14]. In the present work a series of tests are carried out to make

comparative studies of various properties to concrete mix prepared by using granite dust as

partial replacement of sand. The present study result reveals that the concrete cubes with

granite dust developed higher strength in compression, the concrete cubes with river sand as

fine aggregates. The granite grains get mixed with water and form a colloidal waste during

the industrial process [16]. Water content is severely reduced when the slurry is deposited

due to factors like evaporation and the waste becomes a dry heap consisting of non-

biodegradable granite dust. Result highlights the strength behaviour of concrete cubes

containing granite dust as are partial replacement for fine aggregate associated Portland

cement and Coarse aggregates.

2. MATERIALS AND SPECIFICATION

Performance of Concrete with Waste Granite Powder


2.1. Cement

Approximate proportions of lime stone and clay play a major role in cement manufacture.

After these raw materials has been crushed and sieved, they are fed into a drum rotation at

2rpm into which fuel is sprayed counter-current and temperature is about 500 degree Celsius.

The most common type of cement used in construction is Ordinary Portland cement

conforming to IS 12269-1987. For the present study, this type of cement (Ordinary Portland

Cement) of grade 53 was typically used to prepare the concrete. The cement was fresh;

uniform colored and was free from lumps and foreign matter. This is the most common type

of cement used in general concrete construction as there will be no exposure to sulfates in the

soil or in the ground water and is also durable to face the environmental effects.

2.2. Fine Aggregate

Generally, when the sand is fine, smaller proportion of it is enough to get a cohesive mix,

when the sand is coarser, the greater has to be its proportion with respect to coarse aggregate.

River sand having density and fineness modulus (FM) of 2.51 was used. The specific gravity

was found 2.67 approximately. The locally available sand was used as fine aggregate for the

production of the concrete design mix. The specific gravity is noted as 2.62, 0.3% water

absorption recorded and fineness modulus was 2.78. Sand used for this study was of zone-II

which is satisfactory as per IS 383-1970. Particle which passes through 4.75 mm IS sieve is

known as fine aggregate and it was hard, chemically inert, durable, clean and free from

adherent coating, organic matter and so on. Any appreciable amount of clay balls, harmful

impurities, salts, coal or similar materials should not present in sand as they cause corrosion

of metal or affect adversely the strength, durability or the appearance of concrete.

2.3. Coarse Aggregate

Greater the size of coarse aggregates lesser is the surface area and lesser is the proportion of

fine aggregate required and vice versa. More surface area and greater proportion of fine

aggregates are required for flaky aggregates to get cohesive mix whereas rounded aggregate

have lesser surface area and require lesser proportion of fine aggregate to get a cohesive mix.

The aggregate of size up to 20 mm well graded cubical or rounded are desirable to prepare

concrete for the present study. Regarding the shape and grading, aggregates should be of

uniform quality. The desired featured coarse aggregates were obtained from local crushing

plant. 40% of the crushed coarse aggregates of maximum size 25mm IS sieve passes and

retained on 20 mm IS sieve and remained 20% of lower sieve sized aggregates were used in

the present study is satisfactory as per IS 383-1970.

2.4. Coarse Aggregate

Water is the key ingredient of concrete as it initiates the chemical reaction with cement and

the mix water should be completely free from chlorides and sulfates. Ordinary potable water

used throughout the investigation as well as for curing concrete specimens. This is the least

expensive but most important key ingredient of concrete. Too much water results in weak

concrete and too little water results in a concrete that is unworkable. The water that is used in

concrete should be clean, free from impurities like oil and harmful elements (alkali, acid and

other components). For making concrete, the water, which is fit for drinking, should be used.

The results of various tests on water were listed in table.

Table 1 Physical Properties of Water

S.No. Parameters Values



1. pH 7.10

2. Taste Agreeable

3. Appearance Clear

4. Turbidity(NTU) 1.75

2.5. Granite Dust

Granite dust is a waste material that produced from granite stone industry in the form of non-

biodegradable fine powder during cutting and grinding process of granite, which is exposed

in environment by health hazard, is used in the present study.

3. EXPERIMENTATION AND DATA ANALYSIS

3.1. Tests on Cement

Fineness

Normal consistency

Initial and Final setting time

Specific Gravity

3.1.1. Fineness of Cement by Sieve Analysis

The measure of size of particle of cement depends on fineness of cement which is expressed

as specific surface of cement (in sq. cm /gm.).The fineness of cement is an important factor in

determining the rate of gain of strength and uniformity of quality. It is measured in terms of

specific surface of the cement and can be calculated from the particle size distributions are

determined by one of the air permeability. We have used IS sieve No.9 (90 microns), as for

Indian standards as per IS-4031-1(1996), the percentage of residue left after sieving a good

Portland cement through IS sieve number 9, should not exceed 10 %.

3.1.2. Standard Consistency of Cement

Normal or standard consistency of any given cement sample is that water content which will

produce a cement paste of standard consistency. Consistence is determined by the Vacate

apparatus, which measures the depth of penetration in paste of a 10 mm diameter plunger

under its own weight. Normal or standard consistency is expressed as that percentage of

water, by mass of dry cement, corresponding to which a specified depth of penetration in

paste is achieved. Normal consistency varies from 26 to 33% for Portland cement. To

determine the water to cement ratios of specimens to be used, normal consistency of cement

used and also to determine the quality tests such as: compressive and tensile strengths, times

of set, and soundness tests, on the same cement. For finding out initial and final setting time,

soundness of cement and strength, a parameter known as standard consistency has to be used.

The objective of conducting this test is to find out the amount of water to be added to the

cement to get a percentage of normal consistency that is the paste of a certain standard

solidity, which is used to fix the quality of water to be mixed in cement before performing

tests for setting time, soundness and compressive strength. The test is required to be

conducted in a constant temperature (270 °C ± 20 °C) and constant humidity (90%).

3.1.3. Initial Setting and Final Setting



In order that the concrete may be placed in position conveniently, it is necessary that the

initial setting time is not too quick and after it has been laid, hardening should be rapid that

the structure can be made use of as quick as possible. The initial set is a stage in the process

of hardening where the cracks that may appear will not be possible to re-unite. When the

concrete obtains sufficient strength and hardness, it is said to be finally set. For Portland

cement, the initial setting time should not be less than 30 minutes and final setting time

should not be more than 600 minutes. For quick cement, Initial setting time should not be less

than 5 minutes and final setting time should not exceed 30 minutes. The setting time is

influenced by temperature, humidity fair and quantity of gypsum in the cement.

IS Requirements

According to IS4031-5-(1988) the setting time of ordinary Portland cement when tested

by the Vicate apparatus method shall confirm to the following requirements.

Initial setting time- not less than 30 minutes.

Final setting time -not more than 600 minutes.

All concreting operations viz. mixing, transportation, placing and compaction of concrete

should be completed before initial setting time of cement.

3.1.4. Specific gravity of Cement

Specific gravity is normally defined as the ratio between the mass of volume of material to

the mass of an equal volume of water. One of the methods used to determine the specific

gravity of cement is by the use of a liquid such as water-free kerosene which does not react

with cement. A specific gravity bottle may be employed or a standard Le-Chatelier flask may

be used. Water, at a temperature of 73.4°F (23 °C).Specific Gravity is important for several

reasons. Some deleterious particles are lighter than the normal aggregates. Change of material

or possible contamination can sometimes indicated through tracking specific gravity.

Differences in specific gravity may be used to separate the deleterious particles from the

normal aggregates using heavy media liquid. The aggregate with high absorptive nature may

result in a low durability. In Portland Cement Concrete the specific gravity of the aggregate is

utilized to calculate the Percentage of voids and the solid volume of aggregates in

computations of yield. The absorption plays a major role in determining the net water-cement

ratio in the concrete mix. For the construction like water filtration system, slope stabilization

project, railway bedding, knowing the specific gravity of aggregates becomes critical.

3.2. Tests on Aggregate

The tests conducted to check the quality of aggregates are very important because of the

presence of higher percentage of use in the production of concrete. So when it comes to

aggregates, the quality really matters. Various tests which were done on aggregates are listed

below.

Sieve analysis for fine and coarse aggregate

Aggregate impact value

Aggregate crushing value

Specific gravity and water absorption of Coarse and fine Aggregate

http://www.engineeringcivil.com/aggregate-crushing-value.html



3.2.1. Grain Size Distribution of Fine Aggregate and Coarse Aggregate

The gradation of fine and coarse aggregate samples must be tested to determine compliance

with the specifications for these materials. The set of sieves consist the sizes of 4.75 mm,

2.36 mm, 1.18 mm, 600, 300 µ, 150µ and pan were used for the present study. Sample should

be taken for which the sample is thoroughly mixed and spread over a clean surface. If any

further reduction of quantity is required, the process may be repeated. Weight retained on

each sieve shall not exceed the limits specifies IS code. The set of sieves consist the sizes of

40 mm, 20 mm, 12.5 mm, 4.75 mm, 2.36 mm and pan were used for the present study.

Sample should be taken for which the sample is thoroughly mixed and spread over a clean

surface. If any further reduction of quantity is required the process may be repeated. Weight

retained on each sieve shall not exceed the limits specifies IS code.

3.2.2. Aggregate Abrasion value

Abrasion testing of aggregate is of more direct application to the testing of stone aggregate

for wearing. It has been found that the aggregate which shows a low loss in this test will

general be hard, tough, resistant to abrasion and strong which are the desirable and necessary

qualities for durability of concrete. The abrasion test on aggregate is found as per IS-2386

Part IV. The sieving operation should be conducted by mass of a lateral and vertical motion

of the sieve, accompanied by the jarring action so as to keep the sample moving continuously

over the surface of the sieve. In no case shall the fragments of the sample be turned or

manipulated through the sieve by hand. Use a coarse sieve first in order to minimize wear of

1.7 mm IS sieve.

3.2.3. Aggregate Impact value

This test may be considered as an alternative to the aggregate crushing test, the special

apparatus needed for aggregate impact test is simple and relatively cheap and is portable

while the crushing test requires a 50 tones testing machine, which is expensive. The impact

test on an aggregate is a useful guide to its behavior when subjected and brittleness must also

be taken into account and is conducted as per the specifications of IS-2386 part IV. The

sample should be subjected to 15 blows of the hammer at not less than one second interval.

The fraction passing and retained on the 2.36 mm IS sieve should be weighed and sum should

agree within one gram with the original mass of the sample taken. As the hammer is heavy,

be cautions to keep away from falling mass, to avoid accidents.

3.2.4. Specific gravity and water absorption of fine aggregate

The specific gravity of an aggregate is defined as the ratio of mass of a given volume of

sample to the mass of an equal volume of water at the same temperature. The specific gravity

of fine aggregate is generally required for calculations in connection with concrete mix

design, for determination of moisture content and for the calculations of volume yield of

concrete. Information regarding the quality and properties of aggregate are also given by

specific gravity. Departure of specific gravity from its standard value indicted change in

shape and grading. It influences the behavior of aggregate in concrete in several important

aspects. A highly absorptive aggregate, if used in dry condition, will reduce effective water-

cement ratio to an appreciable extent and may even make the concrete unworkable unless a

suitable allowance is made. To determine net water-cement ratio, determination of absorption

of aggregate is necessary. The entire sample should be frequently stirred to secure uniform

drying. The air trapped in the aggregate should be brought to surface by rolling the flask in

inclined position. All weighing should not be allowed to stick to the sides of the jar or flask.



The results of different repetitions should not different more than 0.02 for specific gravity

and 0.005 percent for absorption.

3.3. Tests on Granite Dust

3.3.1. Grain Size Distribution of Granite dust

The set of sieves consist the sizes of 4.75 mm, 2.36 mm, 1.18 mm, 600 µ, 300 µ, 150µ and

pan. Sample should be taken for which the sample is thoroughly mixed and spread over a

clean surface. If any further reduction of quantity is required the process may be repeated.

Weight retained on each sieve shall not exceed the limits specifies IS code.

3.3.2. Specific gravity and water absorption of Granite dust

The specific gravity of a granite dust is defined as the ratio of mass of a given volume of

sample to the mass of an equal volume of water at the same temperature. The specific gravity

of granite dust is generally required for calculations in connection with concrete mix design,

for determination of moisture content and for the calculations of volume yield of concrete.

The specific gravity also gives information on the quality and properties of granite dust.

Departure of specific gravity from its standard value indicted change in shape and grading. It

influences the behavior of granite dust in concrete in several important aspects. A highly

absorptive dust, if used in dry condition, will reduce effective water-cement ratio to an

appreciable extent and may even make the concrete unworkable unless a suitable allowance

is made. Hence determination of absorption of granite dust is necessary to determine net

water-cement ratio. The entire sample should be frequently stirred to secure uniform drying.

The air trapped in the granite dust should be brought to surface by rolling the flask in inclined

position.

3.4. Granite Concrete

Composite material that is made of coarse granular material and hard matrix of material

(cement or binder) that fills the space among the particles which pastes them together is

known as concrete. Clearly, it is an assemblage of cement, aggregates and water. Sand that is

derived from river banks is most commonly used as fine aggregate which has a high global

consumption due to its extensive use in concrete. On that basis the demand is quite high. So

there is the need to choose alternative material on the behalf of sand. One of the best ways is

to partially replace sand with granite dust. This replacement adds economic benefits and

gives approximately equal strength compared to nominal concrete.

3.4.1. Concept of mix design

The process of selecting suitable material of concrete and determining their relative

propositions is termed as mix design with the object of producing concrete of certain

minimum strength and durability as economically as possible. Aggregate and paste are the

essential ingredients of concrete with an important relationship. Workability of the mass is

provided by the lubricating effect of paste and influenced by the amount of dilution of paste.

The strength of concrete is limited by the strength of paste, since mineral aggregate with rare

exception, are stronger than the paste compound. Essentially the permeability of concrete is

governed by the quality and continuity of the paste, since little water flows through aggregate

either under pressure or by capillarity. Further, the pre dominate contribution to drying

shrinkage of concrete is that of paste. The properties of concrete are governed to a

considerable extent by the paste which is helpful to consider more closely the structure of the

paste. The fresh paste is a suspension, not a solution of cement in water. The more dilute the



paste, the greater the spacing between cement particles, and thus the weaker will be the

ultimate paste structure. Since the quantity of water that as little paste as possible should be

used and hence the importance of grading.

3.4.2. Types of Mixes

3.4.2.1. Nominal Mixes

In the past the specifications for concrete recommended the proportions of cement, fine and

coarse aggregates. This blend of fixed cement-aggregate ratio that ensures sufficient strength

is termed as nominal mix. These offer simplicity and under ordinary circumstances, have a

margin of strength above that predetermined. The nominal concrete for a given workability

varies widely in strength due to the variability of mix ingredients.

3.4.2.2. Standard Mixes

The nominal mix of cement-aggregate ratio by volume vary widely in strength and result may

vary as under or over compared to rich mixes. Due to this reason, minimum compressive

strength has been included in most of the specifications which termed as standard mixes. A

number of grades as M10, M15, M20, M25, M30, M35 and M40 has been designated by IS

456-2000 where M refers to the mix and the number is the specified 28th

day cube strength.

3.4.2.3. Designed Mixes

With specific materials of more or less unique characteristics, it is most rational approach to

the selection of mix proportions which results in the production of concrete with most

economical appropriate properties. However, the designed mix may not serve as a guide since

this does not guarantee the correct mix proportions for the recommended performance. If the

28-day strength of concrete is within the range of 30 N/mm2, that type of concrete is known

as less prescribed performance and may be used only for very small jobs.

3.5. Tests on Concrete

Testing of concrete plays an important role in knowing the quality of concrete. Raw

materials, fresh and hardened concrete are inseparable part of any quality control program

that testes in a sequential manner to know whether the materials accomplished higher

efficiency and performance with respect to both strength and durability. The tests methods

should be simple, direct and convenient to apply. Main purposes of testing fresh and

hardened concrete is to confirm that the concrete used at site has gained the required strength.

The basic tests to be conducted in the field as well as in the lab based on its state of concrete

are given below.

Tests on Fresh Concrete

Tests on Hardened Concrete

3.5.1. Tests on Fresh Concrete

3.5.1.1. Slump Test

To characterize the workability of fresh concrete, slump test is widely used. It is the most

well-known and inexpensive test, which measures consistency of material used on job sites to

determine whether a concrete batch is acceptable or not. It is a standardized test method used

widely throughout the world. The apparatus consists of a mould in the shape of a frustum of a

cone with a base diameter of 8 inches, a top diameter of 4 inches, and a height of 12 inches.



The mould is filled with concrete in three layers of equal volume. Compaction of each layer

is performed with 25 strokes of a tamping rod. The slump cone mould is lifted vertically

upward and the change in height of the concrete is measured. Four types of slumps are

commonly encountered, as shown in Figure below. The concrete remains intact and retains a

symmetric shape is frequently referred to as the “true” slump, which is only type of slump

permissible under ASTM C143.

Figure 5 Slump Test

3.5.1.2. Compaction Factor Test

Compaction factor test is adopted to determine the workability of concrete, where nominal

size of aggregate does not exceed 20 mm. Workability is one of the important property of

concrete which determines the amount of work required to produce full compaction to find

out suitability of material. The test comprises essentially of applying a standard amount of

work to standard quantity of concrete and measuring the resulting compaction. To find the

workability of freshly prepared concrete, the test is carried out as per specifications of IS:

1199-1959. Workability gives an idea of the capacity of being worked, i.e., idea to control the

quantity of water in cement concrete mix to get uniform strength. The test should be carried

out on a level ground. The top hopper must be filled gently and to the same extent on each

occasion and the time between the end of mixing and release of concrete from top hopper

must be content, two minutes will be convenient.

Figure 6 Compaction Factor Test

3.5.1.3. Preparation of Test Specimens

The procedure for the preparation of test specimen like sampling of raw materials,

preparation of materials, proportioning, weighing, mixing, testing for workability of fresh

concrete, choice of the size of test specimens, compacting, and capping of specimen shall be

done in a sequential manner and if tests are intended to draw correlation curve between the

results of compressive strength tests on specimens cured by normal curing method and

accelerated curing method, that should be tested in accordance with code IS: 516-1959, if If



the tests are intended for control purposes, sampling shall be done in Accordance with IS:

1199-1959 and choice of the size of test specimens, compacting, and capping of specimen

shall be in accordance with IS: 516-1959. Immediately after molding, each specimen shall be

covered with a steel plate thinly coated with mould oil to prevent adhesion of concrete.

Hydration of cement and threat extent under any curing procedure depend mainly upon the

composition of chemical content of cement, water-cement ratio as well as mix proportions,

which are considered to be important parameters in the correlation of results from

compressive strength tests on specimens cured by normal curing method.

Figure 7 Casting of Cubes

3.5.1.4. Traditional curing

All specimens will be moist cured for one day and after moist curing the specimens will be

water cured for required days. Testing will be done after required days. In the Traditional

curing the cubes are moulded with the cement concrete is subjected to curing in the water

Tank and then check the strengths achieved by the cubes and beams for every 3 days, 7 days

and 28 days from this we can get the compressive strength from cubes and Flexural strength

from Beams, split tensile strength for cylinders.

3.5.2. Tests on Hardened Concrete

The most important parameter and representative of almost overall quality of concrete is

compressive strength of hardened concrete that mainly depends on the water/cement ratio of

the mix and curing and age after it is cast. Compressive strength of hardened concrete is

determined by testing the cubical or cylindrical dried specimens using a compression testing

machine or universal testing machine, at various ages such 7,14 and 28 days after curing. For

assessing the quality of concrete cast at site, compressive strength test is conducted during

mix proportioning.

Figure 8 Cube after load application



4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Table 2 Physical Tests results of OPC cement

PHYSICAL TESTS

OBTAINED REQUIREMENTS AS PER IS

CODES SL.

NO

RESULTS

1 Fineness 5% Not>10% as per IS 4031 part 1

2 Standard

26% IS 4031 part 4(26%-33%)

Consistency

3 Initial Setting time 35 min Not less than 30 minutes as per IS

4031 part 5

4 Final setting time 530 min Not more than 600 minutes as per

IS 4031 part 5

5 Specific gravity 3.15 IS 2720 part 3 (3.10-3.25)

Table 3 Physical Tests of Coarse Aggregates used for the present study

OBTAINED

SL. NO PHYSICAL TESTS RESULTS REQUIREMENTS AS PER IS

Not more than 45% (other than

1 Impact Test 32.95% wearing surfaces) IS 2386-4(1963)

Not more than 50% (other than

2 Test 28.5% wearing surfaces)

3 Flakiness Index 20.12% Not > 35% as per MORTH

4 Specific gravity of

Coarse Aggregates 2.72 2.7 to 2.9

5 Water absorption

of coarse aggregates 0.5% Not>2%as per IS:2386-Part 3

Table 4 Slump values for Granite Dust

S. No. Percentage addition of granite dust Slump values in mm

1 Nominal 60

2 20% 60

3 25% 65

4 30% 90



Figure 9 Slump for Granite Concrete

Table 5 Compaction Factor values for Granite Dust

S. No Percentage addition of granite dust Slump values in mm

1 Nominal 0.80

2 20% 0.82

3 25% 0.82

4 30% 0.93

Figure 10 Granite Dust vs Compaction Factor

Table 6 Characteristic Compressive Strength

Percentage of

Granite Dust

added in

concrete mix

Age in

Days

Compressive strength in MPa Average

Compressive

strength in

MPa Sample - 1 Sample - 2 Sample – 3

Nominal

7 days 13.77 12.44 15.11 13.77

14 days 16.44 18.22 18.88 17.85

28 days 20.53 21.42 20.44 20.89

20 %

7 days 14.31 15.33 13.91 14.58

14 days 17.15 19.20 18.53 18.29

28 days 20.88 21.73 21.11 21.24

25 %

7 days 16.08 16.97 17.64 16.90

14 days 19.06 19.24 20.31 19.54

28 days 21.68 21.11 22.04 21.61

30 %

7 days 14.75 15.68 16.44 15.62

14 days 18.22 18.80 19.33 17.82

28 days 21.11 21.28 21.46 21.28



Figure 11 Compressive Strength Nominal vs Granite concrete

4.6. Discussion

All the experimental data shows that the addition of industrial wastes improves the physical

properties. From the above study it is concluded that the granite dust may be used as a

replacement material for fine aggregate. Granite dust has been used for different activities in

construction industry such as for road construction, patios, driveways, fire pits, leveling and

setting pavers and stones.

5. CONCLUSIONS

Based on the studies conducted and from various laboratory investigations made for

characteristics study of granite dust concrete, the following conclusions can be drawn.

Non availability of sand at reasonable cost as fine aggregate in concrete for

various reasons, search for alternative material granite dust qualifies itself as

suitable substitute for sand at very low cost

In specific gravity test of granite dust, the value resulted is 2.722.This value

indicates it is preferable to use in construction works

The specific gravity tests of cement, fine and coarse aggregates resulted the values

as 3.15, 2.665 and 2.72 respectively.

The measured slump value of granite dust concrete with constant water cement

ratio 0.45 are found to be 60 mm,60 mm,65 mm,100 mm for nominal, 20%, 25%,

30% replacement respectively hence acceptable

The measured compaction values for granite dust concrete with constant water-

cement ratio 0.45 are found to be 0.8, 0.82, 0.82, 0.93 for nominal, 20%, 25%,

30% replacement respectively.

The compressive strength of cubes at 7 days for nominal, 20%, 25%, 30%

replacement are found to be approximately equal

It was observed that the compressive strength for M25 grade of concrete when partially

replaced with granite dust attained maximum strength when compared with nominal mix.



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