Study on Perception

Institute of Business Management & Research

Apoorva YadavPravinder SinghDebashish Nagendra BabuSuganya Uday Pavan

What do you see?

What is Perception?

Organization, identification & interpretation of sensory information to understand the environment

Shaped by learning, memory, expectation & attention

Perceptions help us form opinions

Principle of Proximity

Principle of Similarity

! Causes & Effects ! Effect of Experience Wine-tastingreading of X-ray images Music Appreciation 

Effect of Motivation and Expectationhungry people notice the smell of foodAt its home ground CSK has to win the match

Types of Perceptions:SoundSpeechTouchTasteSocial

CLASSICAL THEORY Learning that occurs when a conditioned stimulus

(CS) is paired with an unconditioned stimulus (US)

The theory was given by Mr Ivan Pavlov

Usually, the CS is a neutral stimulus (e.g., the sound of a tuning fork), the US is biologically potent (e.g., the taste of food) and the unconditioned response (UR) to the US is an unlearned reflex response

The CR is usually similar to the UR , but unlike the UR, it must be acquired through experience and is relatively impermanent.

Pavlov observed the UR (salivation) produced when meat powder (US) was placed in the dog's mouth

He then rang a bell (CS) before giving the meat powder

After some repetitions of this pairing of bell and meat the dog salivated to the bell alone

This demonstrated what Pavlov called a "conditional" response, now commonly termed "conditioned response" or CR.

Application of Perception in Organizations

Employment Interviews:Stress interviewsCasual meetings with the clientGroup Discussions

Performance AppraisalsIn promotionsIncrementsFeedback for transfers

Assessing Level of Efforts:In teamworkIndividual Projects

Assessing Loyalty

Perceptual Errors Stereotypes:Based on appearances, location

Halo (Horn) Effects: 1 Outstanding characteristic noted

Selective PerceptionWhat we think or want to say

Self fulfilling ProphecyPeople respond the way you expected the way

they will respond Projection False appearance of self

How to Decrease the Errors Involved in Perception

Complete understanding of the process minimizes the negative effect

Comparisons in perceptions to improve tolerance

Willingness to change with the change in organization

Behavioral improvement also leads to perception improvement

Thank You