Vision

Hearing

Other Senses

Perception 1

Perception 2

Anything!

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Vision Hearing Other Senses Perception 1 Perception 2 Anything!

Part of eye that stretches or thickens depending on how far away an object is

lens

What does the length of a light wave tell us?

What does the height (amplitude) of a light wave tell us?

Length: Color

Height: Brightness

Place where your vision is the best

fovea

Explain how your pupil and iris work together

Work together to determine how much light enters the eye – Iris expands when dark, contracts when bright

Name the three layers of cells that make up the retina (in order!)

Receptor cells (rods and cones)

Bipolar cells

Ganglion cells

Main organ of your ear

cochlea

What does the frequency of a sound wave indicate?

Height (amplitude)?

Frequency: pitch

Height: loudness

Name the parts of the outer ear

Auditory canal, tympanic membrane

What are the names of the three bones in your ear?

Bones of your middle ear; hammer, anvil, stirrup

Your receptor cells in your ears are called….

Hair cells

Taste and smell are what kind of senses?

chemical

Taste and smell combine to make...

flavor

The smell center of your brain is…

Olfactory Bulb

Name the four basic senses your skin

receptor cells can detect

Pain, warmth, cold, and pressure

Name your 2 body senses and what they control

Kinesthetic sense: provides information on your body’s position and movement

Vestibular: provides info about your overall orientation

What type of processing does perception use?

Top-down

What is a figure ground relationship?

Our brains organize our visual field into objects (the figure) that stand out from their surroundings (the ground)

Name the Gestalt grouping principles

Similarity, proximity, closure, continuity

What is a visual cliff and why is it used?

Laboratory device used to test depth in infants; Depth perception is inborn to some extent

Name and explain your 2 binocular depth cues

Retinal Disparity: depth cue that results because of different images on retinas

Convergence: eye muscle tension

What are illusions and why do we use them?

Misinterpreting sensory stimuli

Helps us understand how sensation and perception normally work

Name and explain 3 monocular depth cues

relative size; motion parallax; interposition; relative height; texture gradient; relative clarity, linear perspective

Explain the illusion of stroboscopic motion

Quickly viewing a series of slightly different images

Explain the phi phenomenon

Creates the illusion of movement when lights are turned off and on in a sequence

What is the gate-control theory of pain?

Neurological gate in spinal cord controls the amount of pain we feel

What is an absolute threshold?

Minimum amount of stimulation a person can normally detect

What is sensory adaptation and give an example

When we filter out the unchanging aspects of our environment

What is selective attention?

Ability to focus on one stimulus

What is perceptual constancy?

Perceiving the size, shape, and lightness of an object as unchanging, even as the retinal images of the object changes

What are the functions of the cornea?

Focus light by bending it and protects eye