Study on Perception
Institute of Business Management & Research
Apoorva YadavPravinder SinghDebashish Nagendra BabuSuganya Uday Pavan
What do you see?
What is Perception?
Organization, identification & interpretation of sensory information to understand the environment
Shaped by learning, memory, expectation & attention
Perceptions help us form opinions
Principle of Proximity
Principle of Similarity
! Causes & Effects ! Effect of Experience Wine-tastingreading of X-ray images Music Appreciation
Effect of Motivation and Expectationhungry people notice the smell of foodAt its home ground CSK has to win the match
Types of Perceptions:SoundSpeechTouchTasteSocial
CLASSICAL THEORY Learning that occurs when a conditioned stimulus
(CS) is paired with an unconditioned stimulus (US)
The theory was given by Mr Ivan Pavlov
Usually, the CS is a neutral stimulus (e.g., the sound of a tuning fork), the US is biologically potent (e.g., the taste of food) and the unconditioned response (UR) to the US is an unlearned reflex response
The CR is usually similar to the UR , but unlike the UR, it must be acquired through experience and is relatively impermanent.
Pavlov observed the UR (salivation) produced when meat powder (US) was placed in the dog's mouth
He then rang a bell (CS) before giving the meat powder
After some repetitions of this pairing of bell and meat the dog salivated to the bell alone
This demonstrated what Pavlov called a "conditional" response, now commonly termed "conditioned response" or CR.
Application of Perception in Organizations
Employment Interviews:Stress interviewsCasual meetings with the clientGroup Discussions
Performance AppraisalsIn promotionsIncrementsFeedback for transfers
Assessing Level of Efforts:In teamworkIndividual Projects
Assessing Loyalty
Perceptual Errors Stereotypes:Based on appearances, location
Halo (Horn) Effects: 1 Outstanding characteristic noted
Selective PerceptionWhat we think or want to say
Self fulfilling ProphecyPeople respond the way you expected the way
they will respond Projection False appearance of self
How to Decrease the Errors Involved in Perception
Complete understanding of the process minimizes the negative effect
Comparisons in perceptions to improve tolerance
Willingness to change with the change in organization
Behavioral improvement also leads to perception improvement
Thank You
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