Pahingahan-cordero Dam Case Study

8/10/2019 Pahingahan-cordero Dam Case Study

1/20

1

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A dam is a barrier that impounds water or underground streams. Dams

generally serve the primary purpose of retaining water, while other structures

such as floodgates or levees (also known as dikes) are used to manage or

prevent water flow into specific land regions. Hydropower and pumped-storage

hydroelectricity are often used in conjunction with dams to generate electricity.

A dam can also be used to collect water or for storage of water which can be

evenly distributed between locations.

A. OBJECTIVES

To know about the whereabouts of Cordero~Pahingahan dam, and its

purpose to everyone in its radiusof reach.

To know if a dam has its advantages on its use.

B. HYPOTHESIS

A dam can impound and contain water to its fullest capacity.

C.SCOPE AND LIMITATION

This topic is limited on the use of the Cordero-Pantabangan dam

And it also focuses on the advantages and disadvantages of the said dam in

relation to its uses.


2/20

2

D.SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY

This study will give us the knowledge how the

Cordera~Pahingahan dam can either give us help and benefits or

disadvantages, depending on the situation of the dam itself. Dams are

important because provides people source of water to drink and provide

water for industry, irrigation, fishing and recreation, households,

navigation in rivers, and other needs. Dams also served as impounding

reservoir to prevent floods. Dams also served as lakes for fishing and

recreation as well as for irrigation.

DEFINITION OF KEY TERMS

Floodgates- are adjustable gates used to control water flow in

flood barriers,reservoir,river,stream,orlevee systems.

Spillway- is a structure used to provide the controlled release of

flows from a dam orlevee into a downstream area, typically being

the river that was dammed.

Watershed- a region or area bounded peripherally by a divide and

draining ultimately to a particular watercourse or body of water.

Delineation- It is the process of determining the boundary

between wetlands and uplands.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flood_barrierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leveehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leveehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leveehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leveehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flood_barrier


3/20

3

METHODOLOGY USED IN THE STUDY:

The descriptive-normative survey has been used in this study in the form

of questionnaire filled in the premises of the Cordero-Pahingahan dam.

STATISTICAL MATERIALS USED:

The frequency method was used in this study; where the mean responses

were tabulated, calculated and briefly described as follows:

5Strongly Agree

4Agree

3Fairly Agree

2Disagree

1Strongly Disagree


4/20

4

CHAPTER II

HISTORY BACKGROUND:

The manmade water impounding facility or also know as the Pahingahan

dam, was constructed in the area on January 16, 1958 by the 512 army

engineers to support the water requirement of Fort Magsaysay thru water

treatment irrigation in the nearly 60s and developed by the Special Forces

School as a source of potable water for Molave Complex Training Area. It is now

one of the vital training areas of the Special Forces School and the water from

the said Dam is utilized for plants/nursery requirements.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE:

A. DAM:DEFINITION

Dams are structures designed by humans to capture water and

modify the magnitude and timing of its movement downstream . The

damming of streams and rivers has been integral to human population

growth and technological innovation. Among other things , dams have

reduced flood hazard and allowed humans to settle and farm

productive alluvial soils on river floodplains; they have harnessed the

power of moving water for commerce and industry ; and they have

created reservoirs to augment the supply of water during periods of

drought. In the 5000 or so years that humans have been building

dams, millions have been constructed globally , especially in the last

100 years.


5/20

5

PAHINGAHAN DAM

FACILITIES OF THE PAHINGAHAN DAM


6/20

6

As of today, the Pahingahan dam is just for the use of the camp

and for a support for water supply for Fort Magsaysay alone, it is not

being used outside the area unlike other dams that we have here in the

Philippines. For all we know, the Pahingahan was all alone; But that is

not the case, you see there is another dam which is not manmade, they

just constructed a small spillway unto this dam which made it a small

dam, this dam is called the Cordero dam.

CORDERO DAM


7/20

7

The Cordero dam is just up ahead from the Pahingahan dam

because its elevation is higher. If you look at it properly on to the map,

youll see that they are just a kilometer away from each other. This dam

is located at the center of two mountains which served as the dam wall

for the water. Sometimes these two dams were know as to be connected

to each other.

If the Cordero dam is full and about to overflow, there is a spillway

which could be a passage way for the water to flow downward. These

waters that came out and over flown from the Cordero dam will be

directing itself to the Pahingahan dam because as we have said earlier,

this dam is lower than Cordero dam. So the tendency of the water is to

flow and be directed to the lower area of the place.

(The spillway is also used as a small road for the vehicles to pass)


8/20

8

However, based on the people and armies of today living beside the

area, they told us that the dam itself is used by the army for mostly of

agricultural purposes like fisheries, and plant crops.

Some of the army during the late 80s used the dam for training

purposes, like for instance, they use the dam for scuba diving training,

swimming, tactical marine training, and etc. and as of today, they use

the dam for seminars.

(SEMINARS FOR THE GUESTS)


9/20

9

The dam has a device that can convert the water from the dam into

potable water; they put this device so that if anyone in the camp needs

water for drinking, they could just simply use the device to clean and

purify the water.

They do have army engineers that maintain the dam and its

facilities.

(Trivia: President Fidel Ramos used to train in this dam for scuba diving

lessons)


10/20

10

ANOTHER EXAMPLE OF A DAM

B.

TYPES OF DAMS:

Arch dams Diversionary dam

Gravity dams Underground dam

Arch-gravity dams Tailings dam

Barrages Steel dams

Embankment dams Timber dams

Rock-fill dams Cofferdams

Concrete-face rock-fill dams Beaver dams

Earth-fill dams Natural dams

Saddle dam Check dam


11/20

11

CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS:

SPILLWAYS

A spillway is a section of a dam designed to pass water from the

upstream side of a dam to the downstream side. Many spillways have

floodgates designed to control the flow through the spillway. Types of

spillway include: A service spillway or primary spillway passes normal

flow. An auxiliary spillway releases flow in excess of the capacity of the

service spillway. An emergency spillway is designed for extreme

conditions, such as a serious malfunction of the service spillway.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floodgatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Llyn_Brianne_spillway.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Llyn_Brianne_spillway.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Llyn_Brianne_spillway.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Llyn_Brianne_spillway.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floodgate


12/20

12

GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION AND SIZE:

In this part of the case study, we will discuss the size and the

dimensions of the 2 dams that are sisterly connected to each other

PAHINGAHAN DAM:

Area = 30.07 meters

Perimeter = 3246 meters

Width:

Width 1 = 274.89 meters




Length = 966.91 meters


13/20

13

CORDERO DAM:

Area = 13.26 meters

Perimeter = 1909.60 meters

Width = 222.54 meters

Length = 391.42 meters


14/20

14

CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY:

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

This chapter reveals that that following findings from different responses,

based from their personal knowledge about the watershed. These findings were

Summarized as follows.

Table 1: Weighted mean and verbal description of location, shape, size, and

depth

Revealed the following findings:

1.

That the location of the dam and its watershed is conducive and

accessible to the users gets a mean of 4.31 and got a verbal description

of agree.

2.

That the area of the dam in the watershed in terms of its length, and

width is enough to impound waters for distribution in the future based

on the table which get a mean of 4.19 and verbal description of agree.

3.

That the depth of the reservoir to which waters maybe impounded is

enough and it was graded 4.25 and verbally described as agree.

4.

That the Reservoir has enough capacity to hold and impound waters

which receives a grade of 4.31 and verbally described as agree.

Item no. Questions Frequency of Response VerbalDescription

5 4 3 2 1 w.m.

1 The location of the dam and itswatershed is conducive and

accessible to the users9 3 4 4.31 Agree

2 The area of the dam in thewatershed in terms of its

length, and width is enough to

impound waters fordistribution in the future.

9 2 4 1 4.19 Agree

3 The depth of the reservoir towhich waters maybe

impounded is enough.9 2 5 4.25 Agree

4 Reservoir has enough capacityto hold and impound waters. 9 3 4 4.31 Agree

5 The soil foundation isappropriate for the dam in the

watershed.

10 1 5 4.31 Agree

6 The project design is just

appropriate in the site 10 1 2 4.62

Strongly

Agree


15/20

15

5.

That soil foundation is appropriate for the dam in the watershed because

its weighted mean is 4.31 and agreed on the verbal description.

6.

That the project design is just appropriate in the site by a weighted mean

of 4.62 which described as strongly agree description.

Table 2: Weighted mean and verbal description of operation, Maintenance and

development.


5 4 3 2 1 w.m.1 The dam is properly

maintained by group ofengineers and staff.

5 5 4 1 1 3.75 Agree

2 There is a set of competentengineers and staff thatoperates the dam in the

watershed.

6 5 3 2 3.81 Agree

3 The engineers and staff are

knowledgeable to water-resource project

7 3 5 1 4.00 Agree

4 Occurrences of the problems inthe operation and maintenance

of the watershed were givenappropriate actions

immediately.

5 7 3 1 4.00 Agree

5 There is a program fordevelopment for the watershed. 7 4 3 1 1 3.94 Agree


1.

The dam is properly maintained by group of engineers and staff for it gets

an agree verbal description by a weighted mean of 3.75.

2.

That there is a set of competent engineers and staff that operates the

dam in the watershed as shown in the table which receives a mean of

3.81 and verbally said that it is agree.

3.

That the engineers and staff are knowledgeable to water-resource project

by a weighted mean of 4.00 and described as agree.

4.That occurrences of the problems in the operation and maintenance of

the watershed were given appropriate actions immediately for it gets a

weighted mean of 4.00 which its verbal description is agree .

5.

That there is a program for development for the watershed which receives

a weighted mean of 3.94 and its verbal description is agree.


16/20

16

Table 3: Weighted mean and verbal description of benefits derived from the

watershed.

Item no. Questions Frequency of Response Verbal

Description

5 4 3 2 1 w.m.

1 The project considers thepublic interest of the people

around the area.8 4 3 1 4.13 Agree

2 People in the area becomeagriculturally motivated 7 7 2 4.31 Agree

3 People become friendly andcooperative. 7 7 2 4.31 Agree

4 There is an exchange of ideasfrom among the people

concerned in the watershed.3 8 4 3.93 Agree

5 People can communicate with

other people easily andenthusiastically

5 6 5 4.00 Agree

6 In affects the way of life of the

community people. 7 5 2 1 1 4.00 Agree

7 There are improvements in thepeoples way of living as in:

dressing, talking, etc.

5 6 5 4.00 Agree

8 The reservoir will become oneof the centers of tourism within

the community.7 2 3 1 4.15 Agree


1.

That the project considers the public interest of the people around the

area for it gets a weighted mean of 4.13 which its verbal description is

agree.

2.

That the People in the area become agriculturally motivated which

receives a mean of 4.31 and verbally said that it is agree..

3.

That the People become friendly and cooperative which receives a mean

of 4.31 and verbally said that it is agree.

4.

That there is an exchange of ideas from among the people concerned inthe watershed for it gets a weighted mean of 3.93 which its verbal

description is agreed.

5.

That the People can communicate with other people easily and

enthusiastically which receives a mean of 4.00 and verbally said that it is

agree.


17/20

17

6.

That in affects the way of life of the community people which receives a

mean of 4.00 and verbally said that it is agree.

7.

That there are improvements in the peoples way of living as in: dressing,

talking, etc for it gets a weighted mean of 4.00 which its verbal

description is agrees.

8.

That the reservoir will become one of the centers of tourism within the

community which receives a mean of 4.15 and verbally said that it is

agree.

Table 4: Weighted mean and verbal description of benefits derived from the

watershed.


5 4 3 2 1 w.m.

1People became religious 5 6 3 1 1 3.81 Agree

2People learn to love the nature. 9 3 3 1 4.25 Agree

3 Community people are

concerned by the followingrules of environment

protection.

8 6 2 4.38 Agree

4 Farmers experienced anincrease in their harvest. 8 5 2 4.40 Agree

5 There is an increase in thefamily income of the people in

the locality.8 6 1 1 4.31 Agree

6 There is a change in thestandard of living of the people. 6 6 3 1 4.06 Agree

7 The supply of water by thecordero dam will benefit the

neighboring provinces3 2 7 1 1 3.36

FairlyAgree


1.

That the People became religious which receives a mean of 3.81 and

verbally said that it is agree.

2.

That the People learn to love the nature which receives a mean of 4.25

and verbally said that it is agree.

3.

That the Community people are concerned by the following rules of

environment protection which receives a mean of 4.38 and verbally said

that it is agree..

4.

That the Farmers experienced an increase in their harvest which receives

a mean of 4.40 and verbally said that it is agree.


18/20

18

5.

That there is an increase in the family income of the people in the locality

which receives a mean of 4.31 and verbally said that it is agree..

6.

That there is a change in the standard of living of the people.

7.

That the supply of water by the cordero dam will benefit the neighboring

provinces which receives a mean of 3.36 and verbally said that it is fairly

agree.

Table 5: Weighted mean and verbal description of delineation of watersheds.


5 4 3 2 1 w.m.

1 Overflow of the dam at times ofheavy rain 5 4 1 3 3 3.31

FairlyAgree

2 Lack of water supply duringdry season 2 6 4 3 3.27

FairlyAgree

3 Opening of the gate valves attimes the reservoirs overflows,

thus causing destructive

floods.

2 3 2 3 5 2.60 FairlyAgree

4 Soil erosion brings delineationto reservoir/watersheds 2 4 1 3 6 2.56

FairlyAgree

5 Effects of water delineation isexperienced 2 4 1 3 6 2.56

FairlyAgree


1.

That overflow of the dam at times of heavy rain receives a mean of 3.31

and verbally said that it is fairly agree.

2.

That there is Lack of water supply during dry season for it gets a fairly

agree verbal description by a weighted mean of 3.27.

3.

That the Opening of the gate valves at times the reservoirs overflows,

thus causing destructive floods which receives a mean of 2.60 and

verbally said that it is fairly agree.

4.

That soil erosion brings delineation to reservoir/watersheds for it gets a

fairly agree verbal description by a weighted mean of 2.56.

5.

That the Effects of water delineation is experienced which receives a

mean of 2.56 and verbally said that it is fairly agree.


19/20

19

CHAPTER IV

CONCLUSION:

Based on the finding of the studies, the following conclusion was derived.

The location, shape, size and depth of the facility are still on its peak of

durability, although some of its components are old; it is still meeting up

with the requirements of those officials who are utilizing the said

facilities.

The operations, maintenance and development are being supervised by

the department of engineers on the said dams.

Based on the responses of the people living near the location, we can say

that the benefits are still growing due to proper management of the

officials assigned to the dam.

Delineation of the watershed is almost negligible.

RECOMMENDATION:

As future civil engineers, based on the findings of the conclusion the following

recommendation were drawn:

Just continue the ongoing maintenance of the dam by the officials

If they have the capabilities to enhance and improve the facilities, we

would recommend the renovation of some of its facilities for presentation

purposes for the guests that are coming to visit the dam.

Provide some pre-cautionary measures to prevent delineation of the

watershed itself.


20/20

20

CHAPTER V

BIBLIOGRAPHY:

THE FORT MAGSAYSAY CAMP FACILITIES

THE ADJUTANT OFFICE

WWW.YAHOO.COM

WWW.GOOGLE.COM

WWW.WIKIPEDIA.COM

WWW.ASK.COM
http://www.yahoo.com/http://www.google.com/http://www.wikipedia.com/http://www.ask.com/http://www.ask.com/http://www.wikipedia.com/http://www.google.com/http://www.yahoo.com/

Pahingahan-cordero Dam Case Study

Documents

Transcript of Pahingahan-cordero Dam Case Study