MULTIELEMENT - Fraunhofer · Dipl.-Ing. M.Sc. M. Roos, Fraunhofer IWES Königstor 59, 34119 Kassel,...

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Conference „Paving the Way for Building Integrated Photovoltaics“ 23 June 2010

MULTIELEMENT

Multifuncionality of PV-Building Elements and Building Legislation in Germany

Congress „Paving the Way for Building integrated Photovoltaics“

Dipl.-Ing. M.Sc. M. Roos, Fraunhofer IWES

Königstor 59, 34119 Kassel, [email protected]

Dipl.-Ing. Architecture Carolin Krause, systaic AG,

Kasernenstraße 27, 40213 Düsseldorf, [email protected]

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Project Partner

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Overview

• Objectives of the Project MULTIELEMENT

• Work focus / Results so far / Targets

• Example: New Model for Simulation for New PV-Technologies

• Building legislation and Technical approval in Germany

• Next steps

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Multifunctions of BIPV

Antenna

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Objectives of the project

• Development of the technical and economical potentials for photovoltaic building elements

• Cost reduction by systematically including multifunctionality of PV building elements

• Development of guidelines that sufficiently describe the building component “PV building element” for a type approval

The project MULTIELEMENT is funded by the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety.

Reference number: 0325067

Duration: 1/10/2008 –31/03/2012

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Contents / Working areas

con

ten

ts

Photovoltaic BuildingsMultifunction

Electrical characteristics of PV-Building Elements

Deficits from current standards

Simulation models for new PV-Technologies

Installation techniques for Building integration

…

Building legislation

Technical approvals

Energy Performance of Buildings Directive EPBD 2010

Data for building planning (U-value, G-value..)

Economy

Esthetic and design

Thermal Insulation

Weather protection

Thermal gains

Acoustic insulation

Light management / shading

Esthetic and design

EMC shielding …

Module Heating

resu

lts

New model for characteristic curves of all types of PV-modules with neuronal

network

Visual Quality

Compensation costs due tousing Multifunctions

Experiments on Multifunctions:

Thermal behaviour, U-value determination, EMC shielding

…

PV in German Energy Savings Ordinance (EnEV) – benefits by

BIPV

Technical Approval –Discussions with DIBt

(center of competence in civil engineering )

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Targets

targ

ets

Detailed potentials and Quantifications of

multifunctions in BIPV applications

In-depth analysis of compensation costs

Standards, guidelines test prodedures for BIPV

Improvement in terms of technical approvals and legislation to support

Integration of BIPV- aspects in international (building) standards

Contribution of BIPV on energy performance of buildings

Offering technical solutions for individual requirements of archtitects/building planers

(details) for integrated systems

Mathematical description of behaviour of integrated PV-

Building elements

Simulating the PV-yield of PV-building elements in

assembled state.

Photovoltaic BuildingsMultifunction

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Modeling characteristic curves for new PV-Technologies

New: Artificial neural networks ANN

The new model is based on ANN.

ANN learns the behaviourand can simulate further I-V curves.

Method works for all technologies.

Current: Two-Diodes model

Determination of I-V-curves of solar modules mostly calculated by two-diode model.

Gives very good results for cristallinecells and good results for CIS.

Figure 1: Results for a Tandem Cell, similar to CdTe

Figure 2: Results for a Tandem Cell, similar to CdTe

Overview over the building legislations in Germany

Building Legislation

Public Building Legislation

Project planninglaw

Engineer standartsfor building on

property, if/how/what

Regulations of thecommunity

Building ancillary rights

Preciseregulations for single building

projects

Security standartsCompositonpossibilities

Private Building Legislation

Architect's contract

building contract

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Building occupation law

Federal statebuilding order

Law basis for BIPV

The federal state building order and the product rules lists are basis for all BIPV in Germany

• in Germany the federal state building order is regulated in the regional building law(LBO)

General demands for PV- devices:

• the same requirements like building elements without PV, for instance glass

• the demands of the current technical guidelines have to be met (none for gluedconstructions)

• the PV Element as such has to be certified

• especially §20 of the regional building law (building products) is deciding if the elementis allowed to be used

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§20 Building product

§20 of the regional building law refers to the building rules lists and they decide if a building product can be used without any further administrative approval

They contain:

• building elements that are allowed

• regulations they are based on

• required compliance certificate (Übereinstimmungsnachweis)

• building products are only allowed to be used if they are a regulated one (Building Rules List A part 1) or the requirements on it are only minor to garant the buildingsecurity

• building elements that are not in the Building Rules Lists are only allowed with a special approval

– abZ (general technical approval) , ZiE (individual case approval), abP (generalappraisal certificate)


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Building products

Usability proof

Demanded

requirements

Classification

§ 20 Building productsin Germany

Further buildingproducts

Generally recognised codes

of practice

None

Regulatedbuilding products

BRL A part 1

National technicalrules

applicable

Not regulatedbuilding products

General

abZ /ZiE

No specific demandson security

BRL A part 2

BRL A part 2

abP (general appraisal

certificate)

Underlings relevance

BRL C

None

PV building element


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Requirements for the approval in general

General requirements for building elements or the construction type are based on the Construction Products Directive

• Mechanical strength and stability against collapse (DIN 1055, EN 1991, DIN 18516, …)

• Fire safety(DIN 4102, DIN EN 13501, …)

• Hygiene, health and environment protection

• Electrical security(EN 61730, …)

• Soundproofing(DIN 4109, DIN EN ISO 140)

• Conservation of energy and heat insulation(EnEV, EPBD, …)


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Costs and duration of approval

General technical approval (abZ) – given by the German Institude for building construction

• Costs are in the range of 500 € – 30.000 €

• Takes mostly 2 years (depends on the required tests)

• Valid for five years and usable for following projects

Individual case approval (ZiE)- given by the supreme building control departement

• Costs are in the range of 50 € – 5.000 €

• Can take two weeks and up to two years (depending on the requirements)

• Valid only for the applied project

General appraisal certificate (abP)

• Differs on the requirements thats have to be met

Tree ways of approval

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Summery

General techicalapproval

Individual caseapproval

General apraisalcertificate

Duration of process Likely two yearsTwo weeks up to

two yearsDepends on

requirements

costs 500 € - 30.000 € 50 € - 5.000 € Depends on required tests

• The approval process for Photovoltaik constructions in Germany is difficult, cost intensive and long.

• Overlooking, it can be said, that if technics with PV should contain stabile on the market, the building legislation concerning this elements has to be worked over

In Germany approval für PV is in general nessecary


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House Mühlingen

Costs in Thsd energy roof: 26Electric energy unit: 40Total output in kWp: 5,2Armortisation: 12

BIPV- examples


House Allgäu

Costs in Thsd energy roof: 150 Electric energy unit: 157Total output in kWp: 20,4Armortisation: 14

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feed-in compensation


Germany: The feed in compensation is reduced by 5% each year due to the system price reduction, from 2009 on, the reduction rate is set at 8 to 10% each year

France: Comparing the tariffs since 2006, the feed-in compensation increased from 55 Cents per kWh in 2006 to 60 Cents per kWh in 2010

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Next steps

Cooperation with the public responsibilities

• Appointment with the DIBt (Deutsches Institut für Bautechnik, center ofcompetence in civil engineering) in August

• Discussion with DIN-committees (DIN 18599, DIN EN 15316-4-6) for betterintegration in energy performance of buildings (Energy Saving Ordinance EnEV)

• Discussion with KfW Privatkundenbank (Development bank) to include BIPV in support program „Energy-Efficient Rehabilitation“

Analysing attributes of PV-Building Elements

• Ongoing scientific analysis on electrical and thermal attributes of PV buildingelements in assembled state

• Quantification of Multifunctional effects

• Compensation costs and economical advantages due to Energy Saving Ordinance(EnEV) and Energy Performance of Builings Directive EPBD

• ….

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• Dr. I. Lützkendorf, Institut für Fertigteiltechnik und Fertigbau Weimar e.V., building aspects of PV-elements, presentation at MULTIELEMENT , 17.11.2009

• DIBt, onlinesource, www.dibt.de, April 2010

• Systaic AG, www.systaic.com, Juni 2010

• Fraunhofer IWES, Project MULTIELEMENT www.pv-multielement.de

Sources


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MULTIELEMENT - Fraunhofer · Dipl.-Ing. M.Sc. M. Roos, Fraunhofer IWES Königstor 59, 34119 Kassel,...

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