MRSEC PROGRAM ANNUAL REPORT AND CONTINUATION REQUEST

For the Period June 1, 2017 – April 30, 2018

Under Grant No. DMR-1419807

Submitted to

THE NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION

by

The Center for Materials Science and Engineering

Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts

April 25, 2018

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1-5

2. PARTICIPANTS IN THE CENTER FOR MATERIALS SCIENCE ANDENGINEERING, June 1, 2017 TO April 30, 2018

6-11

3. COLLABORATORS WITH THE CENTER FOR MATERIALS SCIENCE ANDENGINEERING, June 1, 2017 TO April 30, 2018

12-13

4. CENTER STRATEGIC PLAN 14

5. RESEARCH ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND PLANS 15-34

6. EDUCATION AND HUMAN RESOURCES 35-39

7. POSTDOC MENTORING PLAN 40

7. DATA MANAGEMENT PLAN 41

8. CENTER DIVERSITY 42-44

9. KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER TO INDUSTRY AND OTHER SECTORS 45-46

10. INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITIES 47

11. SHARED EXPERIMENTAL FACILITIES 48-49

12. ADMINISTRATION AND MANAGEMENT 50-51

13. PH.D.s AWARDED, June 1, 2017 TO April 30, 2018 52

13. POSTDOCTORAL ASSOCIATES PLACEMENT, June 1, 2017 TO April 30, 2018 53

14. PUBLICATIONS, June 1, 2017 TO April 30, 2018 54-65

14. CMSE PATENTS APPLIED/GRANTED, June 1, 2017 TO April 30, 2018 66

15. BIOGRAPHIES 67

16. CENTER PARTICIPANTS’ HONORS AND AWARDS, June 1, 2017 TO April 30,2018

68-70

17. HIGHLIGHTS: June 1, 2017 TO April 31, 2018 71-92

18. STATEMENT OF UNOBLIGATED FUNDS 93

19. BUDGETS 94- 100

APPENDICES A – K 101-116

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1a. Center Vision and Director’s Overview: The mission of the CMSE MRSEC is to enable – through interdisciplinary fundamental research, innovative educational outreach programs and directed knowledge transfer – the development and understanding of new materials, structures and theories to impact the current and future needs of society. CMSE brings together the large and diverse MIT materials community to produce high impact science and engineering typically not possible through the usual modes of operation. The MIT MRSEC enables interdisciplinary collaborative research between MIT faculty and researchers in academia, industry and national laboratories. Synergistic activities with key MIT organizations including the Materials Research Laboratory (MRL), the Industrial Liaison Program (ILP), and strategically aligned departments in the Schools of Science and Engineering are leveraged to maximize the impact enabled by MRSEC funding, including the center’s wide-ranging outreach activities. CMSE also maintains professionally staffed, state-of-the-art shared experimental facilities (SEFs), providing key infrastructure support for researchers locally and nationally.

Research Programs: CMSE’s current research portfolio includes three Interdisciplinary Research Groups (IRGs) and four seed projects, providing support for a total of 27 faculty members during this reporting period (June 2017 - April 2018).

IRG-I) Harnessing In-fiber Fluid Instabilities for Scalable and Universal Multidimensional Nanosphere Design, Manufacturing, and Applications (Anikeeva and Soljači co-leaders): This IRG explores fundamental issues associated with multi-material in-fiber fluid instabilities and uses the resultant knowledge to develop a new materials-agnostic fabrication approach for the creation of nanoparticles of arbitrary size, geometry and composition. This work enables wide-ranging applications including opto-electronics, neuronal interfaces, and metamaterials design.

IRG-II) Simple Engineered Biological Motifs for Complex Hydrogel Function (Ribbeck and Olsen co-leaders): This IRG seeks to understand the fundamental biology, chemistry and materials science underlying the unique properties of biological hydrogels and use this knowledge to design and create synthetic mimics that have the potential to revolutionize the design of water purification technologies and a range of biomedical applications.

IRG-III) Nanoionics at the Interface: Charge, Phonon, and Spin Transport (Ross and Yildiz co-leaders): This IRG seeks to discover the coupling mechanisms between oxygen defects and the transport of phonons, spin and charge at the interfaces of complex oxides. The resultant new knowledge will guide the design of materials for the next generation of miniaturized and high-efficiency devices for energy conversion and for information processing and storage.

Seed 1) Thin Film Chromium Oxide Perovskites (Riccardo Comin, Physics). Seed 2) Room Temperature Spin-orbit Torque Switching Induced by a Topological Insulator (Luqiao Liu, Elec. & Comp. Eng.). Seed 3) Bottlebrush Hydrogels as Tunable Tissue Engineering Scaffolds (Robert Macfarlane, Mater. Sci. and Eng.). Seed 4) A Lithium Solid-State Memristor - Modulating Interfaces and Defects for Novel Li-Ionic Operated Memory and Computing Architectures (Jennifer Rupp, Mater. Sci. and Eng.).

Diversity Activities: Targeted recruitment efforts have resulted in 83 female and 30 underrepresented minority participants in CMSE research and educational programs in this reporting period. 40 high school women participated in the Women’s Technology Program (WTP). Our REU program hosted 2 undergraduate students from Puerto Rico, recruited through our UMET Puerto Rico partnership. 15 students participated in our Middle School Program and 4 students and a faculty member participated in our Community College Program. CMSE

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organized roundtables in partnership with the MIT Women of Materials Science (WoMS) group, which aims to advance the careers of the female population in the materials science community.

Education Outreach Activities: CMSE educational outreach programs encompass a broad range of activities and age levels with participation from middle school students and teachers, undergraduates (REU), and high-school students and teachers (RET). The Center also provides programs to train undergraduates, graduate students, and postdoctoral associates to become future leaders in science and engineering research and education. Assessment tools include entrance and exit surveys, focus groups, and career tracking for REU participants. This past year, 10 teachers participated in our RET/STEP programs and 14 undergraduates participated in our REU program. CMSE faculty and students are highly engaged in educational outreach beyond our core programs, and our center has overseen efforts that have engaged >1000 members of the public in a variety of on and off campus events over the past year.

Shared Experimental Facilities (SEFs): The SEFs are a critical component of the MRSEC and of the broader MIT research landscape. CMSE operates four major SEFs: Materials Analysis and Preparation; Electron Microscopy; Nanostructured Materials Growth; and Metrology and X-Ray Diffraction. This past year, approximately 1100 individual users, from both inside and outside MIT, utilized these facilities to conduct research, engage in educational outreach activities and teach MIT laboratory classes. To foster continual growth and renewal, CMSE brought online a new MPMS-3 Squid magnetometer, launched a new highly-customized in-situ SEM analysis facility for mechanical and electrical property characterization, and made plans for the opening of MIT.nano, a new state-of-the-art facility which will partially house the SEFs in the coming year.

Materials Research Facilities Network Supplement (MRFN): During this funding period, three faculty and undergraduate students utilized MRFN funds to spend up to a week at MIT utilizing our SEFs to analyze research samples and obtain training in advanced instrumentation. The program supported work by researchers from North Carolina A&T State University and Howard University, facilitating the completion of projects that would not otherwise be possible.

Industrial Outreach and Knowledge Transfer Activities: Six MRSEC-supported faculty highlighted their MRSEC-funded research in five MRL and ILP-organized conferences with a combined attendance of >1600 participants from industry, academia, and national laboratories. In October 2017, the “Materials Day at MIT” program “Frontiers in Materials Research” organized by the MRL attracted >300 registered participants. It featured a CMSE-organized poster session including 22 CMSE-supported graduate students and postdocs. MRSEC faculty also presented in four ILP-sponsored conferences: the MIT Research and Development Conference, the MIT China Conference in Shanghai, the MIT Japan Conference, and the MIT Energy Conference. In addition, CMSE enables >60 domestic and international collaborations.

Center Management activities: In Fall 2017, CMSE directorship was transferred to Prof. Geoffrey Beach, following the retirement of Prof. Michael Rubner. In addition, Prof. Polina Anikeeva has assumed co-leadership of IRG-I from Prof. Yoel Fink, to provide new leadership opportunities for a junior faculty member. A second seed competition was held and four proposals from assistant professors were chosen for awards: J. Rupp, R. Macfarlane, L. Liu, and R. Comin. One seed project from Round 1 (F. Brushett) extended partially into this funding period due to delayed start; results from this Seed are included in this report. Finally, the new MRL was established in Fall 2017 to serve as an umbrella organization to coordinate materials-related activities across the Institute, with the MIT-MRSEC Director serving as MRL Co-Director.

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1b. Center Research Accomplishments for Current Reporting Period: Intellectual Merit: IRG-I is developing unique, multi-component nanostructured fibers and nano-particles (NPs) using a newly discovered processing paradigm involving nonlinear fiber fluid instabilities. The group reports successful fabrication of microspheres in which two materials, an organic matrix and high-index inorganic NPs comprise a multi-scale composite system. Optical scattering measurements confirm a uniform distribution of NP inclusions throughout the microspheres, yielding desirable optical properties. The production process is compatible with a range of materials, is scalable, and generates spheres with a narrow size dispersion. Such particles can be used in optical coatings and paints with tailorable scattering characteristics.

The group applied their unique fundamental understanding and processing capability to topics spanning neuroscience, optomechanics, and light-emitting devices. The in-fiber formation process allows control over not only particle composition and size, but also particle position. Utilizing this control knob, IRG-I researchers fabricated pixelated light-emitting fibers consisting of regularly spaced particles acting as discrete activation sites for light emission. They used BiSn microspheres to periodically bridge the gap between a W electrode and a ZnS-coated Cu filament. This creates localized electroluminescent junctions which emit light when an ac voltage is applied between the W and Cu electrodes. They further demonstrated three-dimensional (3-D) placement using printable filaments, making the process applicable to 3-D displays and potentially enabling new modes of fabrication for other 3-D electronics applications.

IRG-1 is exploring multifunctional scaffolds for probing and interrogating neural activity during repair following nerve injury. The group developed porous multifunctional nerve guidance scaffolds by combining a salt leaching technique with thermal drawing. They prepared biocompatible polymers matrices loaded with NaCl microcrystals, which could be leached out to create voids for neuron scaffolding. They successfully drew these materials into hundreds of meters of flexible fibers with tunable porosity and geometry, and are applying these scaffolds to guide nerve growth in vitro and in vivo. This will shed light on the effect of scaffold properties on neuronal processes, while enabling a platform for integrating neural recording and stimulation.

The team also studied optical manipulation of multi-component NPs and showed theoretically that tailoring the phase-space topology of the light-particle interaction enables dynamics that may not be achievable by shaping the light beam alone. They showed Janus particles can become stable nanoscale rotors even in a light field with zero angular momentum, with precessing states arising from topologically-protected vortices in the optical torque vector field. The work provides a new means to design nanoparticles for nano-optomechanical applications.

Broader Impact: IRG-I is establishing a materials-agnostic fabrication approach that can be used to create multicomponent fibers with advanced optical and electrical capabilities as well as scalable, well-defined nanoparticles with complex morphologies. The electronic and optical capabilities can also be exploited for regenerative nerve growth and stimulation, to aide in treatment of neurological disorders such as Parkinson’s disease. Fundamentally, this research offers a new paradigm for fluid-dynamics studies in highly controlled environments with fluid instabilities involving multiple fluids co-flowing in hitherto unobtainable geometries and scales.

Intellectual Merit: IRG-II research seeks fundamental insight into the molecular mechanisms that govern structure-property relationships of complex biological hydrogels, and to use this knowledge to create synthetic mimics with similar extraordinary properties. Hydrogels play important roles as selective permeability barriers in biological systems. IRG-II discovered a mechanism to explain the paradoxical observation that binding interactions often lead to enhanced particle diffusion through polymer hydrogels. Particle filtering often depends simply on

3

the size of a particle with respect to the mesh size of the filter. IRG-II explained a mechanism whereby particles larger than the gel mesh size can diffuse by temporarily reorganizing the local gel structure by binding to crosslinking sites on the polymers. This mechanism leads to a perfect filter where large binding particles diffuse through the gel while nonbinding particles are permanently trapped. This work identifies design rules for engineering complex, selective gels.

IRG-II researchers have also gained insight into particle passage through another important biological hydrogel, cartilage. They showed that while electrical charge is important in selective protein transport through cartilage, net charge alone is a poor predictor of protein penetration. However, by using Janus particles in which both the net charge and its spatial distribution could be controlled, they found that the detailed distribution of surface charge on the protein surface is critical. They found order-of-magnitude variations in uptake ratios for proteins with net neutral charge but with varying surface charge distribution. This understanding is important for achieving effective drug delivery in tissues to treat diseases such as Osteoarthritis.

Biopolymer topology often dictates function, as in proteins, DNA, and RNA, but few methods exist for controlling polymer network topology in synthetic systems. IRG-II has developed novel polymer metal-organic cage (polyMOC) materials enabling unprecedented control of polymer network topology. Unlike usual supramolecular networks based on point interactions of dynamic bonds, polyMOCs consist of polymer strands connected to self-assembled clusters of metal atoms and ligands whose shape and stoichiometry can be programmed at the molecular level. These materials can be photoswitched between topological states with vastly different mechanical properties, swelling behaviors, and self-healing capabilities. This represents the first demonstration of topology switching in polymer networks, providing a new biomimetic approach for the design of materials with complex stimuli-responsive behavior.

In pursuit of a better fundamental understanding of crosslinking networks in gels, IRG-II has also developed a new tool to simultaneously measure rheology and fluorescence from hydrogel materials. By functionalizing model polymer hydrogels with terpyridine ligands whose fluorescence is quenched when in the coordinated state, fluorescence can be used as a direct measure of the number of free ligands during shear. This IRG developed an instrument capable of detecting very dilute concentrations of free terpy bonds, enabling studies of quiescent gels and gels under low shear. This new technique provides a powerful means to differentiate between transient network theories, yielding key insights into associative polymer design.

Broader Impact: The fundamental knowledge and new materials developed within IRG-II will lead to next generation materials with potentially wide-ranging engineering implications, such as the design of self-healing filtration systems for water and food purification, new means for enhanced and targeted drug delivery, and enablement of stimuli-responsive functional materials. New insights into the origin of the extraordinary properties of biological hydrogels are also emerging based on the fundamental understanding of the interplay between three common motifs found in biological hydrogels: repeat domains, reversible crosslinking and glycosylation.

Intellectual Merit: IRG-III research seeks to discover the coupling mechanisms between oxygen defects and the transport of phonons, spin and charge at the interfaces of metal oxides. The group developed a thermodynamic formulation to quantify point defect formation energetics under high electric fields, enabled by incorporating the work of polarization into the Gibbs free energy, which has not been considered before. This insight explains experimental results that conventional models cannot, providing a new tool to predict and design materials in which vacancies can be engineered and dynamically manipulated.

4

IRG-III researchers have used electrochemical tuning, building on previous IRG efforts, in order to systematically investigate the oxygen-pumping-enabled metal-to-insulator transition (MIT) that they recently discovered in VO2. This material is of great interest owing to the possibility of achieving electrically-switched resistance states for memory and neuromorphic computing applications. The usual electronic MIT is restricted to a very narrow temperature range around 68°C, making practical devices unlikely. By contrast, IRG-III found that electrochemical control of oxygen content can be used to trigger transitions amongst multiple oxide phases with disparate properties, from room temperature up to at least 300˚C as required for applications.

Similar ion pumping techniques were used by IRG-III to realize electrochemically-switched “heat valves” by locally controlling the thermal conductivity. Upon electrochemically oxygenating the brownmillerite phase SrCoO2.5 to the perovskite phase SrCoO3-δ, the thermal conductivity increased by nearly a factor of 4, while protonating it to form H-SrCoO2.5 effectively reduced the thermal conductivity by an equal factor. These effects were demonstrated both through liquid electrolyte gating as well as by using a solid-oxide gating electrode. This reversible bi-directional tuning of thermal conductivity across a 15-fold range was explained through roles of structural symmetry, electronic conductivity, and point defects and their variations from phase to phase. This demonstration of utilizing electrochemically-induced phase transitions to serve as a thermal switch provides new means to design oxides for thermal management and energy harvesting.

IRG-III research has also made several key discoveries on the role of defects on the static and dynamic properties of magnetic materials. They find that magnetism in SrTi0.70Co0.30O3-δ and SrTi0.70Fe0.30O3-δ films can be modulated by tuning the oxygen nonstoichiometry δ during growth or by annealing, and can be switched on and off reversibly and dynamically through ionic gating. They have also discovered that oxygen vacancies in Gd2O3-δ can serve to facilitate water incorporation, leading to high proton conductivity at room temperature. They found that water hydrolysis in ambient atmosphere at the gate electrode in Au/Gd2O3/Co/substrate thin-film heterostructures can generate protons that are readily inserted into the gate oxide. These protons can then be driven by gate voltage to and from the oxide/Co interface to dramatically and reversibly switch the magnetic easy axis without changing the electrochemical state of the Co. These results highlight the role of ionic defects in oxides on magnetic properties in materials, and provide new opportunities for magneto-electronic device design.

Broader Impact: The research of IRG-III has transformative implications for energy and information technologies. By better understanding the central role that oxygen defects play in the electrical, optical and magnetic properties of metal oxides at interfaces, this effort is expected to influence the next generation of emerging devices such as nanoionic and thermoelectric devices, fuel cells, and memristive and magnetoelectronic devices.

Long-Range Plans/Issues: The planned opening of MIT.nano in June 2018 offers new opportunities to further enhance the scope and impact of the MRSEC SEFs. Over the coming year a subset of the MRSEC SEFs will be re-located to this new space, while remaining under the auspices of the MRSEC Director. In parallel, a new umbrella organization called the Materials Research Laboratory (MRL), was launched in October 2017. MRL will provide coordination and enhanced synergy amongst materials related activities and centers at MIT including the MIT MRSEC program. The MIT MRSEC is integrated into MRL but is independent, and the MRSEC director (Beach) serves as MRL Co-Director. Development of the MRL mission, including implementation of exciting new industry-focused activities that will complement and enhance the basic interdisciplinary research funded and supported by the MRSEC is underway and will further broaden the impact of MRSEC-funded activities at MIT and externally.

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2. PARTICIPANTS IN THE CENTER FOR MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING June 1, 2017 TO April 30, 2018

Senior Investigators in bold fontParticipants in Sections I and II included in Appendix B† Bush Materials Science and Engineering Building (Bldg. 13) occupant* User of CMSE Shared Facilities

Ribbeck, Katharina * Bio. Eng.Grodzinsky, Alan J. Bio. Eng./EECS/Mech. EngBrushett, Fikile R .* Chem. Eng.Doyle, Patrick S. * Chem. Eng.Hammond, Paula * Chem. Eng.Olsen, Bradley * Chem. Eng.Johnson, Jeremiah A. * ChemistryLeeb, Steven EECSLiu, Luqiao * EECSAnikeeva, Polina* Mat. Sci. & Eng.Beach, Geoffrey S. D. † * Mat. Sci. & Eng.Belcher, Angela * Mat. Sci. & Eng/Bio. Eng.Fink, Yoel † * Mat. Sci. & Eng.Holten-Andersen, Niels † * Mat. Sci. & Eng.Macfarlane, Robert † * Mat. Sci. & Eng.Ross, Caroline A. † * Mat. Sci. & Eng.Rupp, Jennifer † * Mat. Sci. & Eng.Tuller, Harry L. † * Mat. Sci. & Eng.Van Vliet, Krystyn * Mat. Sci. & Eng./Bio. Eng.Johnson, Steven MathematicsChen, Gang * Mech. Eng.McKinley, Gareth* Mech. Eng.Yildiz, Bilge † * Nuclear Sci. & Eng.Comin, Riccardo † * PhysicsJoannopoulos, John PhysicsSoljačić, Marin* Physics

SubawardsAbouraddy, Ayman (U. of Central Florida) Optics and Photonics

I. Faculty Receiving MRSEC Support (sorted by academic department)

6

2. PARTICIPANTS IN THE CENTER FOR MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING June 1, 2017 TO April 30, 2018

II. InternalBaldo, Marc †* EECSBulović, Vladimir †* EECSKong, Jing †* EECSOrlando, Terry † EECSWarde, Cardinal † EECSAllanore, Antoine †* Mat. Sci. & Eng.Carter, W. Craig † Mat. Sci. & Eng.Chiang, Yet-Ming † * Mat. Sci. & Eng.Fitzgerald, Eugene † * Mat. Sci. & Eng.Gomez-Bombarelli † Mat. Sci. & Eng.Gradečak, Silvija †* Mat. Sci. & Eng.Grossman, Jeffrey †* Mat. Sci. & Eng.Hu, Juejun † * Mat. Sci. & Eng.Jaramillo, Rafael † * Mat. Sci. & Eng.Kimerling, Lionel † * Mat. Sci. & Eng.Olivetti, Elsa* Mat. Sci. & Eng.Ortiz, Christine † * Mat. Sci. & Eng.Thompson, Carl † * Mat. Sci. & Eng.Ashoori, Raymond † * PhysicsCheckelsky, Joseph † * PhysicsGedik, Nuh, † * PhysicsJarillo-Herrero, Pablo †* PhysicsOliver, William, † * Physics

III.

Internal Schattenburg, Mark Aero. and Astro.Wardle, Brian Aero. and Astro.Anderson, Daniel Biological EngineeringBathe, Mark Biological EngineeringBoyden, Edward Biological EngineeringIrvine, Darrell Biological EngineeringJasanoff, Alan Biological EngineeringLanger, Robert Biological EngineeringVoigt, Christopher Biological EngineeringKeating, Amy BiologySauer, Robert BiologyYilmaz, Omer BiologyAnderson, Daniel Chemical EngineeringBazant, Martin Chemical EngineeringChung, Kwanghun Chemical EngineeringGleason, Karen Chemical EngineeringHatton, Trevor Alan Chemical EngineeringJensen, Klavs Chemical EngineeringManthiram, Karthish Chemical EngineeringMyerson, Allan Chemical EngineeringRoman, Yuriy Chemical EngineeringRutledge. Gregory Chemical EngineeringSikes Johnson, Hadley Chemical Engineering

Faculty and Staff Level Users of CMSE Shared Experimental Facilities (sorted by affiliation)

Affiliated Faculty, Not Receiving MRSEC Support (sorted by academic department)

7

2. PARTICIPANTS IN THE CENTER FOR MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING June 1, 2017 TO April 30, 2018

Faculty Level/Staff Users of CMSE Shared Experimental Facilities (continued)Smith, Zachary Chemical EngineeringStrano, Michael Chemical EngineeringTisdale, William Chemical EngineeringBawendi, Moungi ChemistryCummins, Christopher ChemistryDincă, Mircea ChemistryKlibanov, Alexander ChemistryNelson, Keith ChemistryRaines, Ronald ChemistrySchlau-Cohen, Gabriela ChemistrySurendranath, Yogesh ChemistrySwager, Timothy ChemistryBuyukozturk, Oral Civil and Environmental Eng.Einstein, Herbert Civil and Environmental Eng.Harvey, Charles Civil and Environmental Eng.Kocar, Benjamin Civil and Environmental Eng.Marelli, Bendetto Civil and Environmental Eng.Pellenq, Roland Civil and Environmental Eng.Reis, Pedro Civil and Environmental Eng.Ulm, Franz-Josef Civil and Environmental Eng.Bergmann, Kristin Earth, Atmos. & Planetary Sci.Bosak, Tanja Earth, Atmos. & Planetary Sci.Summons, Roger Earth, Atmos. & Planetary Sci.Weiss, Benjamin Earth, Atmos. & Planetary Sci.Akinwande, Akintunde EECSBerggren, Karl EECSBoning, Duane EECSdel Alamo, Jesus EECSEnglund, Dirk EECSHan, Jongyoon EECSKolodziejski, Leslie EECSMatusik, Wojciech EECSPalacios, Tomas EECSRam, Rajeev EECSSchmidt, Martin EECSShulaker, Max EECSWatts, Michael EECSArtzi, Natalie Institute for Medical Eng. and ScienceEdelman, Elazer Institute for Medical Eng. and ScienceGehrke, Lee Institute for Medical Eng. and ScienceCelanovic, Ivan Institute for Soldier NanotechnologiesThornhill, Scott Lincoln LaboratoryAlexander-Katz, Alfredo Mat. Sci. & Eng.Ceder, Gerbrand Mat. Sci. & Eng.Cima, Michael Mat. Sci. & Eng.Dao, Ming Mat. Sci. & Eng.Harris, Daniel Mat. Sci. & Eng.Lechtman, Heather Mat. Sci. & Eng.Michel, Jurgen Mat. Sci. & Eng.Ortony, Julia Mat. Sci. & Eng.

8

2. PARTICIPANTS IN THE CENTER FOR MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING June 1, 2017 TO April 30, 2018

Sadoway, Donald Mat. Sci. & Eng.Schuh, Christopher Mat. Sci. & Eng.Tarkanian, Michael Mat. Sci. & Eng.Tasan, Cem Mat. Sci. & Eng.

Faculty Level/Staff Users of CMSE Shared Experimental Facilities (continued)Anthony, Brian Mech. Eng.Buonassisi, Tonio Mech. Eng.Chun, Jung-Hoon Mech. Eng.Fang, Nicholas Mech. Eng.Gallant, Betar Mech. Eng.Ghoniem, Ahmed Mech. Eng.Hart, Anastasios Mech. Eng.Hart, Douglas Mech. Eng.Hunter, Ian Mech. Eng.Karnik, Rohit Mech. Eng.Kim. Jeehwan Mech. Eng.Kim, Sang-Gook Mech. Eng.Kolle, Mathias Mech. Eng.Shao-Horn Yang Mech. Eng./Mat. Sci. and Eng.So, Peter Mech. Eng.Varanasi, Kripa Mech. Eng.Wang, Evelyn Mech. Eng.Wierzbicki, Tomasz Mech. Eng.Wong, Victor Mech. Eng.Zhao, Xuanhe Mech. Eng.Hu, Lin-Wen Nuclear Reactor LaboratoryBallinger, Ronald Nuclear Sci. and Eng.Bucci, Matteo Nuclear Sci. and Eng.Buongiorno, Jacopo Nuclear Sci. and Eng.Li, Ju Nuclear Sci. and Eng.Li, Mingda Nuclear Sci. and Eng.Shirvan, Koroush Nuclear Sci. and Eng.Short, Michael Nuclear Sci. and Eng.Whyte, Dennis Nuclear Sci. and Eng.Temkin, Richard PhysicsWinslow, Lindley PhysicsMoodera, Jagadeesh Plasma Science and Fusion CenterDageviren, Canan Program in Media Arts and SciencesOxman, Neri Program in Media Arts and Sciences

External AcademicAnquillare, Emma Boston University, PhysicsHansen, Katherine Boston University, ChemistryPang, Bo Boston University, Materials Science & Eng.Bellare, Anuj Brigham & Women's Hospital,

Orthopedics Khan, Daid Ahmad Brigham & Women's Hospital, AnesthesiologyLi, Yuxiao Brigham & Women's Hospital, HSTKo, Michael Dartmouth College, ChemistryMendecki, Lukasz Dartmouth College, ChemistryMircia, Katherine Dartmouth College, Chemistry

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2. PARTICIPANTS IN THE CENTER FOR MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING June 1, 2017 TO April 30, 2018

Barron, Sara Draper LaboratoryBrundage, Elizabeth Draper LaboratoryChesin, Jordan Draper LaboratoryDeLisio, Jeffrey Draper LaboratoryLewis, Peter Draper LaboratoryPilkenton, Morgan Draper LaboratoryJenkins, Neil Harvard U. School of Public HealthAgatemor, Christian Harvard U., BioengineeringNava, Matthew Harvard U., Chemistry and Chemical BiologyDavidson, Emily Harvard U., Mat. Sci. & Mech Eng.Black, Nicole Harvard U., School of Eng. & Appl. ScienceChen, Xi Harvard U., School of Eng. & Appl. ScienceDeng, Wenye Harvard U., School of Eng. & Appl. ScienceFlamant, Quentin Harvard U., School of Eng. & Appl. ScienceKang, Ruizhe Harvard U., School of Eng. & Appl. ScienceKotikian, Arda Harvard U., School of Eng. & Appl. ScienceLan, Zhenzhuo Harvard U., School of Eng. & Appl. ScienceWu, Fan Harvard U., School of Eng. & Appl. ScienceZhou, Nanjia Harvard U., School of Eng. & Appl. ScienceLowe, Baboucarr Massachusetts General Hospital,

Oral & Maxillofacial SurgeryCho, Sangyeon Frederick Massachusetts General Hospital,

Wellman Ctr for PhotomedicineKang, Iksung Massachusetts General Hospital,

Wellman Ctr for PhotomedicineKozbial, Andrew Northeastern University, Chemical Eng.Lejeune, Brian Northeastern University, Chemical Eng.Wei, Yuyi Northeastern University,

Electrial and Computer EngineeringSiddharth, Joshi Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute,

Chemical and Bio EngineeringAnnamalai, Leelavathi Tufts U., Chem. and Biological Eng.Giannakakis, Georgios Tufts U., Chem. and Biological Eng.Li, Mengwei Tufts U., Chem. and Biological Eng.Liu, Jilei Tufts U., Chem. and Biological Eng.Shan, Junjun Tufts U., Chem. and Biological Eng.Grossklaus, Kevin Tufts U., Electrical & Computer Eng.Licht, Abbey Tufts U., Electrical & Computer Eng.McElearney, John Tufts U., Electrical & Computer Eng.Stevens, Margaret Tufts U., Electrical & Computer Eng.Al-Obeidi, Ahmed Tufts U., Mechanical EngineeringKool, Supriya Univ. of Central Florida, Mat. Sci. & Eng.Luo, Shengmin Univ. of Massachusetts, Civil & Environmental

EngineeringWang, Dongfang Univ. of Massachusetts, Civil & Environmental

EngineeringWu, Yongkang Univ. of Massachusetts, Civil & Environmental

EngineeringRodriquez-Quijada, Cristina Univ. of Massachusetts, EngineeringSanchez-Purra, Maria Univ. of Massachusetts, EngineeringKlein, Frieder Woods Hole Ocean. Inst.,

Marine ChemistryMaag, Akex Worcester Polytechnical Institute,

Chemical Engineering

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2. PARTICIPANTS IN THE CENTER FOR MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING June 1, 2017 TO April 30, 2018

Wang, Qiang Worcester Polytechnical Institute,Materials Science

External Commercial Balasubramanian, Sruti ACTnano, Inc.

Doyle, Charles ACTnano, Inc.Kleingartner, Justin ACTnano, Inc.

Cohen, Maximilian Ambri, Inc.Cui, Jianyi Ambri, Inc.

Langhauser, William Ambri, Inc. Onorato, Steven Ambri, Inc. Landemaine, Thomas Bose Brown, Paul Elektron Wang, Wenshou Inkbit, LLC Nejat, Ali LiquiGlide Inc.

Andirova, Dinara LivingProof, Inc.Johnson, Sara LivingProof, Inc.

Jaramillo, Juan Lyndra, Inc. Kanasty, Rosemary Lyndra, Inc.

Tai, Tammy Lyndra, Inc. Healy, Ken Oxford Nanopore Technologies, Inc. Krikorian, Markrete Silk Therapeutics, Inc. Wang, Hao Teleflex, Inc.

Lomeki, Ester Veloxint CorporationRigobon, Alex Veloxint Corporation

IV. Academic Partner Institutions Roxbury Community College Boston, M.A.Bunker Hill Community College Charlestown, MAUniversidad Metropolitana San Juan, Puerto Rico

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enci

ng w

ith th

e C

urre

nt A

war

dA

twat

er, H

arry

Cal

tech

haa@

calte

ch.e

duP

lasm

onic

mat

eria

ls a

nd d

evic

esIR

G-I

noC

apas

so, F

eder

ico

Har

vard

Uni

vers

ityca

pass

o@se

as.h

arva

rd.e

duE

xper

imen

tal m

etas

urfa

ces,

pho

toni

cs, l

aser

sIR

G-I

noC

hapm

an, N

orm

anIn

man

Mill

snc

hapm

an@

inm

anm

ills.

com

Text

ile m

ills

IRG

-Ino

Cho

ng, Y

idon

gN

anya

ng T

echn

olog

ical

Uni

vers

ity, S

inga

pore

yido

ng@

ntu.

edu.

sgP

hoto

nics

and

lase

r the

ory

IRG

-Ino

Chr

isto

doul

ides

, Dem

etrio

sC

RE

OL,

UC

Fde

met

ri@cr

eol.u

cf.e

duO

ptic

s an

d ph

oton

ics

IRG

-Ino

Dog

ariu

, Aris

tide

CR

EO

L, U

CF

adog

ariu

@cr

eol.u

cf.e

duO

ptic

s an

d ph

oton

ics

IRG

-Ino

Ever

itt, H

enry

Duk

e U

nive

rsity

heve

ritt@

duke

.edu

Mol

ecul

ar-g

as la

sers

IRG

-Ino

Fan,

Sha

nhui

Sta

nfor

d U

nive

rsity

shan

hui.f

an@

stan

ford

.edu

Pho

toni

cs th

eory

IRG

-Ino

Ge,

Li

City

Uni

vers

ity o

f New

Yor

kli.

ge@

csi.c

uny.

edu

Nan

opho

toni

cs, o

ptim

izat

ion,

and

non

linea

r opt

ics

IRG

-Ino

Kot

tos,

Tsa

mpi

kos

Wes

leya

n U

nive

rsity

tkot

tos@

wes

leya

n.ed

uP

hysi

csIR

G-I

noLo

ncar

, Mar

coH

arva

rd U

nive

rsity

lonc

ar@

seas

.har

vard

.edu

Exp

erim

enta

l met

asur

face

s, p

hoto

nics

, las

ers

IRG

-Ino

Lu, L

ing

Chi

nese

Aca

dem

y of

Sci

ence

slin

glu@

iphy

.ac.

cnTo

polo

gica

l pho

toni

csIR

G-I

noM

iller

, Ow

enYa

le U

nive

rsity

owen

.mill

er@

yale

.edu

Nan

opho

toni

cs, o

ptim

izat

ion,

and

ligh

t-mat

ter i

nter

actio

nsIR

G-I

noPe

rlmut

ter,

Stev

eU

nive

rsity

of W

ashi

ngto

npe

rl@uw

.edu

Spi

nal c

ord

neur

obio

logy

and

reha

bilit

atio

nIR

G-I

noR

odrig

uez,

Ale

jand

ro

Prin

ceto

n U

nive

rsity

arod

@pr

ince

ton.

edu

Nan

opho

toni

cs, o

ptim

izat

ion,

and

non

linea

r opt

ics

IRG

-Ino

Rot

ter,

Stef

anVi

enna

Uni

vers

ity o

f Tec

hnol

ogy

gkah

l@tp

h.tu

wie

n.ac

.at

Nan

opho

toni

cs, o

ptim

izat

ion,

and

non

linea

r opt

ics

IRG

-Ino

Seg

ev, M

orde

chai

(Mot

i)Te

chni

on –

Isra

el In

stitu

te o

f Tec

hnol

ogy

mse

gev@

tx.te

chni

on.a

c.il

Non

linea

r opt

ics

and

quan

tum

ele

ctro

nics

IRG

-Ino

Sto

lyar

ov, A

lexa

nder

Linc

oln

Labo

rato

ryal

exan

der.s

toly

arov

@ll.

mit.

edu

Mic

roflu

idic

s ap

plie

d to

cel

l bio

logy

, neu

rosc

ienc

e, a

nd m

edic

ine

IRG

-Ino

Ston

e, D

oug

Yale

Uni

vers

itydo

ugla

s.st

one@

yale

.edu

Lase

r phy

sics

IRG

-Ino

Türe

ci, H

akan

Prin

ceto

n U

nive

rsity

ture

ci@

prin

ceto

n.ed

uN

anop

hoto

nics

, opt

imiz

atio

n, a

nd n

onlin

ear o

ptic

sIR

G-I

noA

mst

ad, E

sthe

rÉ

cole

Pol

ytec

hniq

ue F

édér

ale

de L

ausa

nne(

EP

FL)

esth

er.a

mst

ad@

epfl.

chC

atec

hol c

hem

istry

and

mic

roflu

idic

sIR

G-II

node

l Gad

o, E

man

uela

Geo

rget

own

Uni

vers

ityed

610@

geor

geto

wn.

edu

MD

sim

ulat

ions

of p

artic

ulat

e fra

ctal

gel

sIR

G-II

noFo

sang

, Am

anda

Uni

vers

ity o

f Mel

bour

ne a

nd R

oyal

Chi

ldre

n's

Hos

pita

l, A

ustra

liaam

anda

jf@un

imel

b.ed

u.au

Kno

ck o

uts

for a

ggre

cana

se a

nd c

olla

gena

seIR

G-II

noG

ibso

n, M

atth

ewU

nive

rsity

of W

arw

ick,

Uni

ted

Kin

gdon

m.i.

gibs

on@

war

wic

k.ac

.uk

Gly

coch

emis

tryIR

G-II

noH

arrin

gton

, Mat

thew

Max

Pla

nck

Inst

itute

of C

ollo

ids

and

Inte

rface

s, G

erm

any

mat

t.har

ringt

on@

mpi

kg.m

pg.d

eM

ater

ial p

rope

rties

of p

rote

in-b

ased

bio

logi

cal p

olym

ers

IRG

-IIno

Jie,

Yan

Uni

vers

ity o

f Sin

gapo

reph

yyj@

nus.

edu.

sgM

agne

tic tw

eeze

rsIR

G-II

noK

urz,

Bod

oA

nato

mis

ches

Inst

itut,

Chr

istia

n-A

lbre

chts

-Uni

vers

ität,

Kie

l, G

erm

any

bkur

z@an

at.u

ni-k

iel.d

eA

nato

my

and

path

olog

yIR

G-II

noLo

hman

der,

Ste

fan

Lund

Uni

vers

ity, S

wed

enst

efan

.lohm

ande

r@m

ed.lu

.se

Trau

mat

ic k

nee

inju

ries

IRG

-IIno

Mal

lapr

agad

a, S

urya

Iow

a S

tate

Uni

vers

itysu

ryak

m@

iast

ate.

edu

Pol

ymer

s an

d bi

omat

eria

lsIR

G-II

noN

ieho

ff, A

nja

Uni

vers

ity o

f Köl

n, G

erm

any

nieh

off@

dshs

-koe

ln.d

eO

rthop

edic

sur

gery

; rhe

umat

olog

y; s

ports

med

icin

eIR

G-II

noȎ

nner

fjord

, Pat

rikLu

nd U

nive

rsity

, Sw

eden

patri

k.on

nerfj

ord@

med

.lu.s

eM

olec

ular

ske

leta

l bio

logy

IRG

-IIno

Ram

irez,

Jor

geP

olyt

echn

ic U

nive

rsity

of M

adrid

, Spa

injo

rge.

ram

irez@

upm

.es

Mol

ecul

ar s

imul

atio

nIR

G-II

noR

olau

ffs, B

ernd

Ebe

rhar

d K

arls

Uni

vers

ität,

Tübi

ngen

, Ger

man

ybr

olau

ffs@

bgu-

tueb

inge

n.de

Trau

mat

olog

y; o

rthop

edic

sur

gery

IR

G-II

noR

osen

, Vic

kiH

arva

rd S

choo

l of D

enta

ll M

edic

ine

vick

i_ro

sen@

hsdm

.har

vard

.edu

Bon

e bi

olog

y an

d re

late

d tis

sue

engi

neer

ing

and

trans

port

IRG

-IIno

Rub

inst

ein,

Mic

ahel

Uni

vers

ity o

f Nor

th C

arol

ina

mr@

unc.

edu

Mod

elin

g of

pol

ymer

bru

shes

IRG

-IIno

Sm

ith, D

avid

Uni

vers

ity o

f Wes

tern

Aus

tralia

, Per

th, A

ustra

liada

vid.

smith

@uw

a.ed

u.au

Com

puta

tiona

l bio

logy

IRG

-IIno

So,

Fra

nky

Nor

th C

arol

ina

Sta

te U

nive

rsity

fso@

ncsu

.edu

Inor

gani

c m

ater

ials

IRG

-IIno

Stru

glic

s, A

ndre

Lund

Uni

vers

ity, S

wed

enan

dre.

stru

glic

s@m

ed.lu

.se

Orth

opae

dics

IRG

-IIno

Trac

y, J

osep

hN

orth

Car

olin

a S

tate

Uni

vers

ityjb

tracy

@nc

su.e

duIn

orga

nic

nano

parti

cles

and

app

licat

ions

in c

ompo

site

mat

eria

lsIR

G-II

noZa

ucke

, Fra

nkU

nive

rsity

of K

öln,

Ger

man

yfra

nk.z

auck

e@un

i-koe

ln.d

eB

ioch

emis

try; c

ell b

iolo

gy; d

evel

opm

enta

l bio

logy

IRG

-IIno

Ahn

, Cha

rles

Yale

Uni

vers

itych

arle

s.ah

n@ya

le.e

duP

hysi

cal p

rope

rties

of n

ovel

com

plex

oxi

de m

ater

ials

IRG

-III

noB

isho

p, S

ean

Red

ox P

ower

Sys

tem

sse

an@

redo

xpow

ersy

stem

s.co

mO

xide

impd

edan

ce s

pect

rosc

opy

IRG

-III

noFl

orez

Urib

e, J

uan

Man

uel

Uni

vers

ity T

echn

ica

San

ta M

aria

, Val

para

iso,

Chi

leju

anm

anue

l.flo

rez@

usm

.cl

Den

sity

func

tiona

l the

ory

calc

ulat

ions

IR

G-II

Ino

Got

o, T

aich

iTo

yoha

shi U

nive

rsity

of T

echn

olog

y, J

apan

goto

@ee

.tut.a

c.jp

Inte

grat

ing

our m

agne

itc p

erov

skite

s in

to o

ptic

al d

evic

esIR

G-II

Ino

Inou

e, M

itsut

eru

Toyo

hash

i Uni

vers

ity o

f Tec

hnol

ogy,

Jap

anin

oue@

tut.a

c.jp

Mag

neto

optic

al m

easu

rem

ents

/dev

ices

IRG

-III

noK

im, I

l-Doo

Kor

ea A

dvan

ced

Inst

itute

of S

cien

ce a

nd T

echn

olog

yid

kim

@ka

ist.a

c.kr

Gas

sol

id in

tera

ctio

ns in

rela

tion

to s

enso

r res

pons

eIR

G-II

Ino

Klä

ui, M

athi

asU

nive

rsity

of M

ainz

, Ger

man

ykl

aeui

@un

i-mai

nz.d

eC

onde

nsed

mat

ter p

hysi

csIR

G-II

Ino

Lee,

Ho

Nyu

ngO

ak R

idge

Nat

iona

l Lab

orat

ory

hnle

e@or

nl.g

ovVa

nadi

um o

xide

thin

film

sIR

G-II

Ino

Mai

er, J

oach

imM

ax P

lanc

k In

stitu

te fo

r Sol

id S

tate

Res

earc

h, G

erm

any

wei

glei

n@fk

f.mpg

.de

Sol

id s

tate

ioni

c m

ater

ials

IRG

-III

noO

rland

i, M

arce

loU

NE

SP

- Ins

titut

o de

Quí

mic

a, A

rara

quar

a, B

razi

lor

land

i@iq

.une

sp.b

rS

enso

r pro

cess

ing

and

char

acte

rizat

ion

IRG

-III

noP

erry

, Nic

ola

Kyu

shu

Uni

vers

ity, J

apan

perr

y@i2

cner

.kyu

shu-

u.ac

.jpS

ampl

e pr

epar

atio

n an

d de

fect

che

mis

tryIR

G-II

Ino

Ros

s, F

ranc

esIM

Bfm

ross

@us

.ibm

.com

TEM

IRG

-III

noS

mith

, Jim

Mic

ro M

ater

ials

, Uni

ted

Kin

gdom

nano

test

@bt

inte

rnet

.com

Nan

oind

enta

tion

IRG

-III

no

Col

labo

rato

rs c

ontin

ued

from

the

prev

ious

MR

SEC

aw

ard

12

3.C

OLL

AB

OR

ATO

RS

WIT

H T

HE

CEN

TER

FO

R M

ATER

IALS

SC

IEN

CE

AN

D E

NG

INEE

RIN

GJu

ne 1

, 201

7 TO

Apr

il 30

, 201

8

Sun

, Xue

yin

Har

bin

Inst

Tec

hnol

, Chi

nahi

t200

1sun

@hi

t.edu

.cn

Mos

sbau

ser m

easu

rem

ents

of o

ur m

agne

tic p

erov

skite

s IR

G-II

Ino

War

ner,

Jam

ieO

xfor

d U

nive

rsity

, Uni

ted

Kin

gdom

jam

ie.w

arne

r@m

ater

ials

.ox.

ac.u

kTr

ansm

issi

on e

lect

ron

mic

rosc

opy

IRG

-III

no

Age

r, Jo

el

Law

renc

e B

erke

ley

Nat

iona

l Lab

orat

ory

/ Uni

vers

ity o

f Cal

iforn

ia

Ber

kele

y / J

oint

Cen

ter f

or A

rtific

al P

hoto

synt

hesi

sjw

ager

@lb

l.gov

Pho

toch

emic

al a

nd e

lect

roch

emic

al C

arbo

n di

oxid

e re

duct

ion

See

dno

Flei

g, J

ürge

nIn

stitu

te o

f Che

mic

al T

echn

olog

ies

and

Ana

lytic

s, V

ienn

aj.f

leig

@tu

wie

n.ac

.at

Li-b

ased

ele

ctro

lyte

s, p

rope

rties

and

func

tion

See

dno

Kov

alen

ko, M

aksy

mE

TH Z

uric

h, S

witz

erla

ndm

vkov

alen

ko@

ethz

.ch

Li-b

ased

ele

ctro

lyte

s, p

rope

rties

and

func

tion

See

dno

Nel

son,

Chr

istie

Bro

okha

ven

Nat

iona

l Lab

orat

ory

cnel

son@

bnl.g

ovX

-ray

sca

tterin

gS

eed

noS

amar

th, N

itin

Pen

n S

tate

Uni

vers

itynx

s16@

psu.

edu

Mol

ecul

ar b

eam

epi

taxy

; top

olog

ical

insu

lato

r; m

agne

tic

mat

eria

lsS

eed

noXi

u, F

axia

nFu

dan

Uni

vers

ity, C

hina

faxi

an@

fuda

n.ed

u.cn

Con

dens

ed M

atte

r Phy

sics

and

Mat

eria

l Phy

sics

See

dno

Yang

, Jos

hua

Am

hers

t Uni

vers

ityjjy

ang@

umas

s.ed

uM

emris

tor f

unct

ions

, pul

sing

and

new

mat

eria

lsS

eed

no

13

4. CENTER STRATEGIC PLAN

Same as previous year.

14

5. IRG-I: HARNESSING IN-FIBER FLUID INSTABILITIES FOR SCALABLE ANDUNIVERSAL MULTIDIMENSIONAL NANOSPHERE DESIGN, MANUFACTURING, AND

APPLICATIONS

Senior Investigators: Polina Anikeeva and Marin Soljačić (co-leaders), Ayman Abouraddy (UCF), Yoel Fink, John Joannopoulos, and Steven Johnson

Postdoctoral Associates: 6 Graduate Students: 11 Undergraduate Students: 6

Research Goals: IRG-I focuses on the study and development of unique structures based on the ability to harness a newly discovered nonlinear fiber fluid instability to generate regularly sized nanospheres in fibers. The main objectives are to introduce a new materials-agnostic fabrication approach for nanospheres of arbitrary geometries and dimensions, and to develop a new paradigm for fundamental fluid-dynamic studies. This new paradigm offers a highly controlled environment for the observation of fluid instabilities involving multiple fluids co-flowing in hitherto unobtainable geometries and scales.

Highlights of Research Accomplishments:

Processing fundamentals: The scattering of coherent light from homogeneous dielectric microspheres is well-described by the Mie theory. The fundamental tenets of Mie scattering can however be controllably altered by the addition of nano-scale dielectric inclusions of a different material to form composite microspheres. Given the two limits of 0% and 100% inclusions by volume (a homogeneous system), an incident optical field undergoes single scattering mainly in the forward direction and maintains the field polarization. For intermediate concentrations, Mie theory alone does not adequately describe the behavior of the scattered light. Rigorous treatment of such novel granular multi-scale materials shows that strong multiple scattering of polarized coherent light leads to the development of a speckle pattern in which the scattered field is locally fully polarized but the state of polarization varies spatially from point to point. Exploiting thermally induced fluid instabilities within multimaterial fibers, the Abouraddy and Fink groups have succeeded in fabricating microspheres in which two materials, an organic matrix and high-index inorganic nanoparticles (NPs), comprise a multi-scale composite system. This methodology utilizes the in-fiber fluid instability taking place at the interfaces inside multimaterial fibers that is the focus of IRG-1. This process is compatible with a range of material systems, is scalable, and generates spheres with a narrow size dispersion. Specific examples of such particles are shown in Figure 1(a)-(c) in which 300-nm-diameter NPs are randomly distributed throughout the volume of polymer micro-spheres. Optical scattering measurements in the visible spectrum on single microspheres reveal that the scattered

Figure 1. (a) Transmission optical micrographs of fiber cores (top row), spherical particle necklaces resulting from a thermally induced in-fiber fluid instability (middle row), and a single micro-particle (bottom row) for different concentrations of titania NPs in a polymer core. All scale bars are 25 µm. (b)-(c) Scanning electron micrographys of a single composite microparticle and its nanoscale surface morphology after removal from the fiber cladding. (d) Optical setup to measure forward and backward scattering from a single microparticle. (e)-(f) Example of the forward optical scattering in two polarizations (parallel and orthogonal to the incident) showing complete depolarization of theradiation after traversing the composite microparticle.

15

field is depolarized and strongly scattered in both the forward and backward directions, which confirms the uniform distribution of the NP inclusions and the diffusive scattering of light within the microsphere. Such particles can be used in optical coatings and paints with tailorable scattering characteristics. Furthermore, the composite material shown in Figure 1 shows signatures of deviation from Newtonian flow at high NP concentrations, which offers an intriguing platform for studying the transition to non-Newtonian flow in granular matter.

Applications to pixelated light-emitting devices: The universality of the capillary breakup method enables the formation of spherical particles of different materials and with disparate physical properties. At the same time, the in-fiber formation of the spheres allows one to control their positions. By exploiting these advantages, Fink and Joannopoulos have demonstrated a pixelated zero-dimensional (0-D) light-emitting fiber (Figure 2(a)). Here, microspheres, commonly viewed as 0-dimensional objects, act as discrete activation sites for light emission. To generate these microspheres, the capillary breakup [1-3] phenomenon is used. By focusing an 808 nm laser onto the bismuth-tin (BiSn) core through the transparent cladding, energy is absorbed by the core which in turn heats up the surrounding polycarbonate (PC). The heated PC then drives the BiSn cylindrical core to transform into thermodynamically-stable spheres which then make electrical contact with the tungsten wire and the zinc-sulphide (ZnS) (Figure 2(b)). Upon connecting the tungsten and the copper with an alternating voltage source, these electrically conductive spheres help bridge the electric potential between the tungsten and the outer surface of the ZnS phosphor. In doing so, the electric field experienced by the phosphor is sufficient to light [4] up, via electroluminescence, only the phosphor locations that interface with the spheres (Figure 2(c)). Hence, the positions of these generated microspheres effectively correspond to lighted pixels in a fiber. The resolution of the pixels depends on the magnitude of the voltage and the size of the sphere (Figure 2(d)), which could possibly go into the nanoscale if a smaller BiSn cylindrical core is used. Using a laser to generate spheres also allows one to programmably write spheres in desired positions. By choosing where the pixel spheres are located, designable light patterns of weaved pixelated light-emitting fibers can be achieved. Alternatively, spheres can written in a printable filament (Figure 2(e)) and later printed onto a curved cylindrical structure that is capable of emitting designable patterns of light throughout its whole structure, as demonstrated

Figure 2. (a) Schematic of the workingprinciple of the pixelated light-emitting fiber. (b) A planar optical image of the capillarybreakup spheres contacting W and ZnS. (c) The emission of light from ZnS at positions with spheres. (d) Pixel width of the lighted spots for different voltages and sphere sizes. (e) A photograph of the filament emitting lightat specific positions (Inset, the cylinder printedfrom this filament). Photograph of the designed striped patterns of light emitting from the printed cylinder viewed from (f) the front of it (f) and (g) the back of it. (Inset of (f) shows the desired printed pattern of light)

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in Figure 2(f),(g), hence effectively functioning as a 3D-display. This approach of producing and controllably positioning conductive spheres through capillary breakup may also enable new methods of forming discrete connection sites between circuits not only in fiber systems but generally in the field of microelectronics.

Applications to Neuroscience: Fiber drawing combined with salt leaching delivers porous nerve guidance scaffolds for nerve regeneration. One of the major challenges associated with sustaining extended nerve growth is consistent delivery of nutrients to the lumen of the guiding scaffolds. While porous fibers have recently been demonstrated within this IRG [5], the process relied on thermally induced phase segregation and demanded that the porous elements first be drawn as liquids. This introduced constraints on the fiber geometry and the ability to produce hollow structures. Furthermore, introduction of functional features such as electrodes for neural recording or optical waveguides for neuromodulation via optogenetics was challenging. During this year Anikeeva and Fink focused on developing multifunctional scaffolds capable of probing and interrogating neural activity during repair following nerve injury. The group has developed an alternative fabrication process to achieve tunable porosity in multifunctional nerve guidance scaffolds [6]. This process combines a salt leaching technique with thermal drawing.

Salt leaching is a common process that relies on solution-based mixing of sodium chloride microcrystals into polymer matrices followed by several aqueous leaching steps to remove the crystals and reveal the porous polymer structures [7]. This process is agnostic of the polymer matrix chemistry with the only constraint being its stability in aqueous solution. The group have hypothesized that salt-loaded polymer composites could be integrated into fiber preforms and thermally drawn into microscale scaffolds under conditions similar to those previously demonstrated for our fiber-based probes [8]. Using the biocompatible polymers poly(lactic acid) (PLA), and poly(caprolactone) (PCL) as matrices it was demonstrated that their salt-loaded composites can be reliably drawn into hundreds of meters of flexible fibers with tunable porosity and geometry (Figure 3). To integrate the salt microcrystals into the PLA and PCL matrices, the polymers were dissolved in dichloromethane and chloroform, respectively. The solutions were then formed into solid films via a “doctor-blading” procedure, and the resulting films were used

Figure 3. Fabrication steps of thermally drawn porous constructs with control over porosity. (a) Sodium chloride (NaCl) is ball-milled and filtered to different sizes. (b) NaCl is mixed with polymer solution. (c) The NaCl/polymer slurry is doctor-bladed into films. (d) The films are rolled around a sacrificial poly styrene (PS) rod and consolidated. (e) The rod is inserted into another sacrificial PS, and thermally drawn. The PS is removed in cyclohexane and the salt is leached out in ethanol.

Figure 4. Cross-sectional images of PLA and PCL fibers. Non-porous (a) and porous (b) PLA fibers. Porous PCL fibers with average porosity of 12.6 µm (c, d) and 18.7 µm (e). EDX analysis on PCL fibers prior to salt leaching with salt particles shown in yellow. Scale bars in (a), (b) and (c) are 100 µm. Scale bar in (d) is 20 µm and in (e) is 200 µm. Scalebars in (f) and (g) are 20 µm.

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in preform fabrication (Figure 3). Tuning of the dimensions of the sodium chloride microcrystals to between 6-250 µm allowed for straightforward control over pore sizes, while tuning their volume fraction delivered scaffolds with varied stiffness (Figure 4). Our current efforts aim to evaluate the ability of these scaffolds to guide nerve growth in vitro and in vivo, which will deliver basic knowledge of the role of pore dimensions, and scaffold material chemistry and geometry in the extension of the neuronal processes. Furthermore, the group intend to integrate neural recording and stimulation features into these structures.

Nano-optomechanical applications: Combining material and structural degrees of freedom will allow the engineering of particles with novel geometries that interact with light in ways that could enable light-driven mechanical manipulation, reconfiguration, and self-assembly. This year, the Soljačić group established a new way to study and control dynamics of nanosized particles in fluids. Shaping the topology of light, by way of spin or orbital angular momentum engineering, is a powerful tool to manipulate matter on the nanoscale. Conventionally, such methods focus on shaping the incident beam of light and not the full interaction between the light and the object to be manipulated. The team theoretically showed that tailoring the topology of the phase space of the light-particle interaction is a fundamentally more versatile approach, enabling dynamics that may not be achievable by shaping of the light alone. In this manner, the team found that optically asymmetric (Janus) particles can become stable nanoscale motors even in a light field with zero angular momentum. Figure 5 shows an example of the light-driven dynamics of a 1 µm particle covered with a gold coating (60 nm), where the scattered electric and magnetic fields are computed by a finite element solver, assuming an incident wavelength of λ = 1064 nm and water (n = 1.33) as the ambient medium [9]. The precessing steady states arise from the topologically protected anticrossing behavior of the vortices of the optical torque vector field. Furthermore, by varying the wavelength of the incident light, it is possible to control the number, orientation, and stability of the spinning states. These results show that the combination of phase-space topology and particle asymmetry can provide a powerful degree of freedom in designing nanoparticles for optimal external manipulation in a range of nano-optomechanical applications.

Applications to terahertz lasers: For many years, the optically pumped far-infrared (OPFIR) gas laser was one of the most powerful sources of continuous-wave terahertz (THz) radiation. Such THz sources are crucial to a wide variety of sensing and imaging applications. However, the use of OPFIR lasers was waning due to their large sizes (e.g. 10 cm in diameter and 1m in length) and low photon conversion efficiencies (e.g. 0.1-10 %) [10]. The Johnson, Soljačić and Joannopoulos groups have presented both a new theoretical description and an experimental

Figure 5. Light-driven dynamics of an asymmetric (Janus) particle. (A) A linearly polarized plane wave (E0x ) can exert force and torque on a Janus particle (silica sphere with a gold half-cap). (B) Particle orientation (cap apex P) is completely determined by anglesθ,ϕ relative to the fixed light source. Absolute value of the torque (C) and the cosine of the angle between the torque and the cap (D), for all possible orientations of the particle. Here, the wavelength of light is λ = 1064 nm. Circles indicate rotationally stable orientations where the torque is zero (gray) or the particle is spinning (colored). (E) Four rotationally stable points corresponding to a spinning particle (as viewed from the direction of the light source).

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validation (experiment was done by Professor Everitt’s group in Duke University) of a molecular-gas OPFIR compact laser at 0.25THz that exhibits 10x greater efficiency (39 % of the Manley-Rowe limit) and 1000x smaller volume than comparable commercial lasers. Previous OPFIR-laser models involve only a few energy levels that failed to qualitatively match experiments at high pressures. The group developed a new ab-initio theory that matches experiments quantitatively with no free parameters (Figure 6). It is also shown that high powers favor high pressures and small cavities. This work opens up new possibilities to incorporate OPFIR lasers in THz applications.

References 1. Rayleigh, L. "On the capillary phenomena of jets." Proceedings of the Royal Society of

London, 29: 71-97, 1879.2. Rayleigh, L. "On the instability of a cylinder of viscous liquid under capillary force."

Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science, 34: 145-154, 1892.3. Kaufman, J.J., Tao, G., Shabahang, S., Banaei, E.-H., Deng, D.S., Liang, X., Johnson,

S.G., Fink, Y. and Abouraddy, A.F. "Structured spheres generated by an in-fibre fluidinstability." Nature, 487: 463-467, 2012.

4. Zalm, P. "The electroluminescence of ZnS type phosphors." Philips Research Reports,11: 417-451, 1956.

5. Grena, B., Alayrac, J.-B., Levy, E., Stolyarov, A.M., Joannopoulos, J.D., and Fink, Y."Thermally-drawn fibers with spatially-selective porous domains." NatureCommunications, 8: 364, 2017.

6. Shahriari, D., Jie, Z., Loke, G., Tafel, I., Fink, Y., and Anikeeva, P. "A high throughputtechnique to develop complex 3D polymeric structures." in preparation.

7. Shahriari, D., Koffler, J.Y., Tuszynski, M.H., Campana, W.M., and Sakamoto, J.S."Hierarchically ordered porous and high-volume polycaprolactone microchannelscaffolds enhanced axon growth in transected spinal cords." Tissue Engineering Part A,23(9-10): 415-425, 2017.

8. Park, S., Guo, Y., Jia, X., Choe, H.K., Grena, B., Kang, J., Park, J., Lu, C., Canales, A.,Chen, R., Yim, Y.S., Choi, G.B., Fink, Y. and P. Anikeeva, "One-step optogenetics withmultifunctional flexible polymer fibers." Nature Neuroscience, 20: 612-619, 2017.

9. Ilic, O., Kaminer, I., Zhen, B., Miller, O.D., Buljan, H., and M. Soljačić, "Topologicallyenabled optical nanomotors." Science Advances, 3(6): e1602738, 2017.

10. Wang, F., Lee, J., Phillips, D.J., Holliday, S.G., Chua, S.-L., Bravo-Abad, J.,Joannopoulos, J.D., Soljačić, M., Johnson, S.G. and Everitt, H.O. "A new high-efficiency regime for gas phase terahertz lasers: Experiment and ab-initio theory," to besubmitted, 2018.

Figure 6. Total quantum efficiency of commercial OPFIR lasers and our compact OPFIR laser, normalized by the Manley-Rowe (MR) limit on QE. Our experimentally demonstrated laser achieves a QE that is 29 % of the MR limit (29 % of 0.8 %) which improves to 39 % after cavity optimization. Both are 10x better than the best commercial laser at the same frequency (0.25 THz, or 1.2 mm wavelength), and 1000x smaller in size. Theoretically this efficiency boost is mainly due to the much-reduced cavity size.

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5. IRG-II: SIMPLE ENGINEERED BIOLOGICAL MOTIFS FOR COMPLEXHYDROGEL FUNCTION

Senior Investigators: Katharina Ribbeck and Bradley Olsen (co-leaders), Pat Doyle, Niels Holten- Andersen, Jeremiah Johnson, Alan Grodzinsky, Paula Hammond, and Gareth McKinley

Postdoctoral Associates: 4 Graduate Students: 12 Undergraduate Students: 1

Research Goals: The goal of this IRG is to gain quantitative insight into, and predictive capability of, the molecular mechanisms that govern the unique structure and property combinations of complex biological hydrogels. This fundamental knowledge is used to guide the synthesis, fabrication, and evaluation of next generation materials with potentially wide engineering implications, such as the design of self-healing filtration systems for water and food purification, new antimicrobial coatings for implants, or cartilage substitutes with high durability and lubrication capacity. This IRG is divided into three interconnected thrusts. The thrust efforts are designed to investigate the molecular chemistry and structure-property relationships of repeat domains, reversible crosslinking and glycosylation, and use the resulting knowledge to synthesize bio-enabled hydrogels that strategically contain all three elements. Thrust 1 uses the well-defined repetitive domains from the nuclear pore complex hydrogel to study their role for the filtration properties of biological hydrogels. Thrust 2 uses tools from chemical engineering to identify how specific dynamics and chemistry of reversible crosslinks relate to key bulk material properties such as viscoelasticity, self-healing and durability. Building on this knowledge, the IRG is adapting prioritized types of crosslinking to generate hydrogels with controlled behavior. Thrust 3 seeks to determine the biological function of polymer-associated glycan chains in regulating the biomechanical and filtration properties, as well as cellular interactions, of hydrogels.

Highlights of Research Accomplishments: One of the many roles that hydrogels play in biology is to act as a selective permeability barrier. A common paradigm is size filtering, whereby particles that are larger than the gel’s mesh size are unable to move through the gel. However, there is a wide class of situations where selective permeability is not caused by size filtering, but instead depends on binding interactions between the particles and the gel. When the particles in question are larger than the gel’s mesh size, differentiation can be obtained only if binding enhances particle mobility because nonbinding particles are necessarily caged by the gel. The nuclear pore illustrates this paradoxical effect: transport receptors that specifically bind to the hydrogel-barrier within the nuclear pore are able to translocate 100-1000 times faster than non-binding molecules of the same size. Ribbeck and Brenner (Harvard University MRSEC, IRG II) asked: how can binding interactions lead to enhanced diffusion of a particle through a polymer

hydrogel? An equilibrium mechanism is presented where particles are able to temporarily reorganize the local structure of a gel by binding to crosslinking sites on the polymers. This mechanism leads to a perfect filter where large binding particles diffuse through the gel while nonbinding particles are permanently trapped. This work leads to specific design rules for manufacturing complex, selective gels [1].

Figure 1. Particles that possess binding sites for crosslinking domains (blue circles) can become part of the meshwork, dissolve in the permeability barrier and cross the barrier rapidly.

Figure 2. The heterogeneity of MUC5AC gels at pH2 (left) compared to pH7 (right) is clearly visualized through the addition of small, positively charged, fluorescent amino acid probes that bind to the negatively charged mucin molecules.

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In collaboration with Olsen, Ribbeck and Hammond, Grodzinsky has continued to develop methods to identify the selectivity criteria that determine passage through another important biological hydrogel, cartilage. Specifically, it was asked how net charge versus spatial distribution of charge affects transport of proteins through cartilage. Using supercharged green fluorescent proteins (provided by Liu, Harvard and Broad Institute), transport was interrogated for engineered GFP variants with overall net neutral charge but with varying surface charge distribution. This work shows that while net-charge does affect penetration, it is a poor predictor for protein transport through cartilage and instead, the detailed distribution of surface charge on the protein surface needs to be considered. Janus GFPs, for example, in which half the surface is positively charged and the other half is negatively charged, had an uptake ratio that was an order of magnitude higher than that of two other variants which had smaller patches of positive and negative charge. This recent research is part of a global effort, motivated by our MRSEC studies, to understand how charged molecules and therapeutics can be delivered into tissues that have a heavily glycosylated extracellular matrix. The importance of this work to drug delivery for diseases like Osteoarthritis, which affects hundreds of millions of people worldwide, has been described in published in [2]. Furthermore, an example of how these basic research discoveries can be implemented in a real animal model for Osteoarthritis caused by traumatic joint injuries has also recently been published [3], made possible by the collaborative research enabled by this MRSEC. Work from Ribbeck, McKinley and Rubinstein (UNC Chapel Hill) provides new insight and methodology for studying the structure of biological gels with numerous length scales, using mucins, the gel-forming polymers in mucus, as a model system. A combination of macrorheology and single-particle tracking was used to investigate the bulk and microscopic mechanical properties of reconstituted mucin gels. It was found that analyses of thermal fluctuations on the length scale of the micrometer-sized particles are not predictive of the linear viscoelastic response of the mucin gels, and the results from both techniques help to provide complementary insight into the structure of the network [4-6]. In particular, it was shown that macroscopic stiffening of MUC5AC gels can be brought about in different ways by targeting specific associations within the network using environmental triggers such as modifications to the pH, surfactant, and salt concentration. This work is important for understanding how environmental factors alter the mechanical properties of mucus, and likely other natural hydrogels with similar association mechanisms as mucins. Insights from this work also suggest strategies for polymer and crosslink chemistries to generate highly responsive hydrogels. Doyle has used multiple particle tracking (MPT) to study thermogelling nanoemulsions [7] consisting of nano-sized PDMS droplets suspended in an aqueous phase containing the gelator. It was shown that by tailoring the surface chemistry of the MPT probe beads, different domains of the gel microstructures can be independently probed — negatively charged polystyrene beads freely diffuse through macropores in the gel and report the particle

Figure 3. The stiffness of mucin gels, as represented by their elastic modulus G’, can be modified by targeting different associative groups on the mucin molecules. By performing both micro- and macro-rheological measurements on these gels, additional insight into the structural rearrangements leading to the observed differences in the bulk mechanical properties (such as heterogeneity) can be inferred.

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transportation modes, while unmodified plain beads tightly associate with the nanoemulsion network and report gel mechanics. The precise control of the particle residence suggests the design of novel nanoemulsion-based composite materials where different composite structures can be obtained by the surface chemistry of the added colloids. Doyle has also intensified his collaboration with Fink (IRG-I) to fabricate 3-D microshapes using drawn hollow-fiber templates. Hollow-fiber templates with non-spherical cross-sections (IRG-I) are employed as microfluidic channels in flow lithography (IRG-II) to fabricate hydrogel microparticles that are the intersections of two 2-D extruded shapes, such as octahedrons, square pyramids, and dreidels. By codrawing a conductive polymer and cofeeding metal wires into the hollow-fiber template during the fiber drawing process, dielectrophoretic forces were used to sublocalize fluorescent

polystyrene beads in hydrogel microparticles. This versatile approach could have applications in as varied fields as anti-counterfeiting and tissue engineering.

Recent work by Johnson focused on physical polymer networks with exchangeable strands, i.e., dynamic networks, which are a common motif in biological materials. These materials arealso undergoing a renaissance in both academia and industry. To date, the level of molecularcontrol over network dynamics has largely been limited to controlling the rates of dissociativeexchange reactions. In biological systems, the topology of a biopolymer (e.g., proteins, DNA,RNA) often dictates its function. Nevertheless, there are few methods available forcharacterizing and controlling polymer network topology in synthetic systems, and topology istypically only considered empirically. Building upon studies that reveal the topology of polymernetworks, polymer metal-organic cage (polyMOC) materials have been developed that allow forunprecedented control of polymer network topology [8]. In particular, the number of possiblestrands per junction (also called the branch functionality, f) and the fraction of various loopdefects can now be tuned precisely in polyMOCs. Unlike traditional supramolecular networksbased on point interactions of dynamic bonds, polyMOCs consist of polymer strands connectedto self-assembled clusters of metal atoms (M) and ligands (L), the shape and stoichiometry(MxLy) of which can be programmed at the molecular level. Recently, the synthesis of polyMOCsderived from a novel polymeric DTE-based bis-pyridyl ligand and Pd2+ was achieved. Thesenovel materials can be photoswitched between two topological states with vastly different staticand dynamic mechanical properties, swelling behaviors, and self-healing capabilities. This studyrepresents the first demonstration of topology switching in polymer networks, providing a newbiomimetic approach to the design of materials with complex stimuli-responsive behavior.

Joint efforts between McKinley, Johnson and Holten-Andersen have been focused on gaining a deeper understanding of how polymer gel mechanical properties can be controlled over multiple timescales via the design of supramolecular metal-coordinate crosslink structure on multiple lengthscales [9]. Most recent work focuses on analyzing the stress relaxation of transient polymer gel networks assembled via single metal ion-coordination complexes, nanoparticle-coordination junctions or multi-metal ion coordination cages, whereby the mechanistic coupling between structural hierarchy of supramolecular crosslink design and the resulting distributions of stress relaxation have been explored. It has been confirmed that the average timescale 𝜏 of network relaxation in the three model systems is strongly dependent on the number ƒ of stress bearing chains per supramolecular crosslink structure, whereas the distribution of timescales appears to depend on the variation in ƒ across the network, as reflected by the scaling exponent 𝛼 in a stretched exponential model used to describe stress

Figure 4. Fabrication of complex 3-D microshapes using hollow-fiber templates. Scale bars: a 100 µm, b 50 µm, c 300 µm, d 50 µm.

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relaxation in the gels. These findings offer new insights into how the dissipation of mechanical stress in a polymer gel network is coupled to the hierarchical dissociation of supramolecular crosslink structure and deepens the understanding of how to design supramolecular crosslink structure to engineer soft materials with more precisely controlled dynamic properties.

In a new collaboration with Holten-Andersen, Olsen has developed a new tool to simultaneously measure rheology and fluorescence from hydrogel materials. Model polymer hydrogels functionalized with terpyridine ligands; when these ligands are in the coordinated state their fluorescence is quenched. However, in the free state, they are strongly fluorescent. Therefore, fluorescence can be used as a direct measure of the number of free ligands during shear. The construction and optimization of this system has yielded an instrument that is capable of detecting very dilute concentrations of free terpy bonds, enabling studies of quiescent gels and gels under low shear. When the gels are studied with steady shear experiments, the fraction of free bonds increases steadily with increasing Deborah number. However, the fraction of dissociated bonds remains quite low, less than 0.1%. By contrast, many transient network theories predict that the fraction of dissociated bonds should be substantially larger than 10%, a difference of more than two orders of magnitude. Therefore, this new measurement provides a powerful means to differentiate between transient network theories, moving forward the state of fundamental knowledge in associative polymer design.

Glycans grafted to polymers are an integral part of hydrogels in nature, but their function outside of metabolism is still largely unexplored. While this IRG so far has focused on the contribution of glycans to the biomechanical and filtration properties of hydrogels, advances from IRG-II over the past year revealed how glycans strategically grafted to polymers can affect the differentiation and physiology of mammalian cells. Hammond has leveraged Poly(γ-propargyl-L-glutamine; PPLQ), a hydrolysis resistant polypeptide possessing side chain alkyne groups forexpansive modification with synthetic control [10]. The ease of synthesis and versatile nature ofPPLQ makes it a unique scaffold for biomaterial applications. PPLQ has been grafted withhyaluronan (HA), which in the natural extracellular matrix hydrogel is associated toproteoglycans. Four distinct PPLQ-HA conjugates have been synthesized to cover a broadrange of HA chain lengths, and tested for their regulatory potential toward living cells. Theseconjugates with grafted HA evoked cellular responses that were not observed with ungraftedHA. Specifically, exposure of endothelial cells to PPLQ-HA conjugates resulted in a slowedmigration pattern, which was not observed with soluble HA. These data show that grafting of HAonto PPLQ may change how HA interacts with cell surface receptors, possibly by enhancing theotherwise low valency of oligomeric HA. It is anticipated that PPLQ-HA conjugates may providepotent treatments in cases where oligomeric HA is needed for effective cell regulation.

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Ribbeck has discovered another important function of glycans within biogels through continued study of the glycans associated with mucin polymers, the gel-forming units in mucus gel, on microbial behavior. Mucus is a major ecological niche for the human microbiota and accommodates an incredible 100 trillion microbes where densities approach 1011–1012 cells/ml, a record for any microbial ecosystem documented so far. Forming a three dimensional gel, the mucin polymer network provides geometric and diffusive constraints to the distribution of common goods such as nutrients, toxins, and oxygen, and as a consequence, is source for competitive and synergistic interactions between the microbes. It was found that on the order of >85 different glycan species are presented by the mucin polymers. Protocols were developed to isolate, annotate, and fractionate these glycans to build workable libraries. The mucin-derived oligosaccharide pools were tested against the model opportunistic pathogen P. aeruginosa. These experiments showed that mucin-glycans have a significant impact on the physiological behavior of microbes [5]. Specifically, mucin-glycans suppress the production of secreted virulence factors and the expression of genes associated with quorum sensing, surface attachment, and virulence. The picture is emerging that mucin-glycans are key host players in the regulation of microbial virulence and can guide the fabrication of advanced, bioenabled polymers to regulate host-microbe interactions inside the human body, and likely also in other major ecological microbial habitats. References 1. Chen, W., Witten, J., Grindy, S.C., Holten-Andersen, N, Ribbeck K. “Charge influences

substrate recognition and self-assembly of hydrophobic FG sequences.” Biophysical Journal, 113(9): 2088-2099, 2017.

2. Bajpayee, A.G. and Grodzinsky, A.J. “Cartilage-targeted drug delivery: can electrostatic interactions help?” Nature Reviews Rheumatology, 13:183-193, 2017.

3. Bajpayee, A.G., De la Vega, R.E., Scheu, M., Varady, N.H., Yannatos, I.A., Brown, L.A., Krishnan, Y., Fitzsimons, T.J., Bhattacharya, P., Frank, E.H., Grodzinsky, A.J., Porter, R.M. “Sustained intra-cartilage delivery of low dose dexamethasone using a cationic carrier for treatment of post traumatic osteoarthritis.” European Cells and Materials Journal, 34: 341-364, 2017.

4. Wagner, C.E., Turner, B.S., Rubinstein, M., McKinley, G.H., and Ribbeck, K. “A rheological study of the association and dynamics of MUC5AC gels.” Biomacromolecules, 18(11): 3654-3664, 2017.

5. Wagner C.E., Wheeler, K.M., and Ribbeck, K. “The roles of mucin structure in shaping mucus gels.” Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology, in press, 2018.

6. Witten J.S., Samad T., Ribbeck, K. “Selective permeability of mucus barriers.” Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 52: 124-133, 2018.

7. Cheng, L.-C., Hsiao, L.C., and Doyle, P.S. "Multiple particle tracking study of thermally-gelling nanoemulsions." Soft Matter, 13: 6606-6619, 2017.

8. Wang, Y., Gu, Y., Keeler, E.G., Park, J.V., Griffin, R.G., Johnson, J.A. “Star PolyMOCs with diverse structures, dynamics, and functions by three-component assembly. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Engl., 56(1): 188-192, 2017.

9. Grindy, S.C. and Holten-Andersen, N. “Bio-inspired metal-coordinate hydrogels with Programmable viscoelastic material functions controlled by longwave UV light.” Soft Matter, 13: 4057-4065, 2017.

10. Wang, W. and Hammond, P.T. “Hydrolysis resistant functional polypeptide scaffold for biomaterials.” Polymer Chemistry, 9: 346-351, 2018.

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5. IRG-III: NANOIONICS AT THE INTERFACE: CHARGE, PHONON, AND SPIN TRANSPORT

Senior Investigators: Caroline A. Ross and Bilge Yildiz (co-leaders), Geoffrey S. Beach, Gang Chen, Harry L. Tuller, and Krystyn J. Van Vliet Postdoctoral Associates: 1 Graduate Students: 10 Undergraduate Students: 0 Research Goals: This IRG aims to discover the coupling mechanisms between oxygen defects and the transport of phonons, spin and charge at the interfaces of metal oxides, and to control the extent of this coupling via electric field, strain, and electrochemical potential applied at interfaces. Oxygen defects play a central role in determining many electronic, chemical and phononic properties, with transformative implications for energy and information technologies including thermoelectrics, fuel cells, sensors, and memristive and magnetoelectronic devices. Within the fourth year of our project, the following key contributions were reported:

1) demonstrated a thermodynamic formulation to quantify the point defect formation energetics under high electric fields,

2) assessed effects of biaxial strain on the stability of different types of electronic defects, 3) quantified the proton and oxygen defect effects on high-k oxides for magneto-ionics, 4) demonstrated electrochemical phase control, to induce very large reversible changes in

thermal conductivity (electrical heat valve) and electronic conductivity, 5) revealed oxygen vacancy-mediated magnetism and a strain-relieving morphology in

perovskite oxides.

Thrust 1: Ion-Charge Coupling: Thrust 1 focuses on effects of lattice strain, doping and electric field at interfaces on the stability of oxygen defects and the kinetics of oxygen exchange and diffusion, which are important for redox based memristive systems, fuel cells and sensors. Polarizing oxygen vacancies in insulating metal oxides under a high electric field: Yildiz and Van Vliet developed a thermodynamic formulation to quantify the point defect formation energetics under high electric field using density functional theory, Berry phase calculations, and maximally localized Wannier functions [1]. The key is the ability to quantify the contribution of the work of polarization to the Gibbs free energy of formation of the point defects, which has not been considered before. This formulation is broadly applicable to various charged defects in insulating and semiconducting oxides, and was applied first to assessing the stability of neutral oxygen vacancies (centers for charge trapping and catalysis) in alkaline earth binary oxides. As shown in Figure 1(a), work of polarization lowers the field-dependent electric Gibbs energy of formation of this defect. This was mainly attributed to the ease of polarizing the two electrons trapped in the vacant site, and the easier polarizability of the defective lattice. This work advances the modeling of insulating oxides in electronic, magnetic and catalytic devices under high electric fields.

Figure 1. (a) Relative electric Gibbs free energy of formation of the neutral oxygen vacancy as a function of electric field in alkaline-earth-metal binary oxides. Charge density (yellow isosurfaces) of the two electrons trapped in the neutral oxygen vacancy at zero field in (b) MgO, (c) CaO, (d) SrO, and (e) BaO, and at 21.8 MV/cm in +x direction in (f) MgO, (g), CaO, (h) SrO, and (i) BaO. Red, blue, cyan, green, and grey spheres represent O, Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba ions, respectively.

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Switching of electronic defect type in SrTiO3 via biaxial strain: Van Vliet and Yildiz assessed the effects of biaxial strain on the stability of electronic defects at finite temperature in SrTiO3 by combining Density Functional Theory and Quasi-Harmonic Approximation calculations [2]. Figure 2 shows a predominance diagram for free electrons and small electron polarons in SrTiO3 obtained quantitatively as a function of biaxial strain and temperature. Biaxial tensile strain was found to stabilize the small polaron, leading to a thermally activated and slower electronic transport, consistent with prior experimental literature observations. These findings also resolved apparent conflicts between prior atomistic simulations and conductivity experiments. Our findings provide guidance for conditions under which elastic strain engineering can shift the electronic defect type and concentration to modulate electronic transport in SrTiO3. Our computational approach can also be readily extended to other functional oxides. Electrochemical phase control for obtaining metal-insulator transitions with large changes in electronic properties: Electrochemical control of oxygen defects in oxides, as shown by Tuller, can allow for crossing phase boundaries in oxides as demonstrated by Yildiz in the SrCoO2.5-SrCoO3 system [5]. Yildiz and Tuller have exploited this ability to demonstrate a new means to dramatically affect the electronic properties in vanadium oxide [6]. Distinct properties of multiple phases of vanadium oxide (VOx) render this materials family attractive for devices such as phase change memory. Despite the great promise of the metal-to-insulator transition (MIT) in VO2 for device applications, it has several shortcomings. For instance, the conductivity ON/OFF ratio across the transition boundary is only of order 103, which is not high enough for applications in modern logic devices. In addition, the MIT temperature in VO2 is ~68 °C, above which devices cannot function without active cooling. Yildiz, in collaboration with Tuller, presented an exciting new finding based on the electrically tunable interplay between ionic and electronic species in two different vanadium oxides [6]. A new type of metal-insulator transition in vanadium oxide (VOx) was achieved by electrochemical control of the oxygen

Figure 2. Predominance diagram of the electronic defects in SrTiO3 with respect to biaxial strain and temperature based on Helmholtz free energy of self-trapping.

Figure 3. (a) Ambient pressure X-ray absorption spectra as a function of electrical bias applied to the VOx/YSZ/Pt electrochemical cell at T = 300 °C, pO2 = 200 mTorr. A cathodic bias of -0.25 V triggers V2O5àVO2. (b) Valence band spectra on VO2 (switched by -2 V) and V2O5 (switched by 0 V). Note that VO2 is in its metallic rutile phase at the measurement temperature. Ef denotes the position of zero binding energy. (c) Transport measurement showing the temperature-dependent resistivity of pristine and gated VOx/Al2O3(001).

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content and phase of a VOx film, applicable under a wide range of operation temperatures, demonstrated from room temperature to 300°C. Reversible phase transitions between two adjacent VOx phases, VO2 and V2O5, were obtained, by electrochemical pumping of oxygen through a solid and an ionic liquid electrolyte (Figure 3). Cathodic biases trigger the phase transition from V2O5 to VO2, accompanied by disappearance of the wide band gap. The transformed phase is stable upon removal of the bias but is reversible upon reversal of the electrochemical bias. The advantages of this electrochemically triggered phase transition are the very large conductivity changes, the applicability over a wide temperature range, and transferability of the concept to other multi-phase oxides for electronic, magnetic or electrochemical applications. Thrust 2: Ion-Phonon Coupling: Thrust 2 focuses on electric-field modulation of oxygen vacancies to control phonon transport in bulk and across interfaces. Control of thermal conductivity by control of ionic defects: An ability to manipulate thermal conductivity dynamically over a wide range by means of applied electric field is desirable. Such a capability could enable novel applications by serving as an “electrical heat valve”; that is the application of a gate voltage tunes the extent of heat flow by changing the material’s intrinsic properties on demand. Several characteristics may be manipulated by electric field and ultimately affect thermal transport in a given material, including the atomic or defect composition and the atomic structure. Insertion of atoms into lattices of materials usually leads to defects that reduce the thermal conductivity, due to increased phonon scattering. For example, previous attempts used the electrochemical insertion of Li+ to reduce thermal conductivity of LiCoO2 by up to 2.7 fold. Chen and Yildiz have demonstrated that oxides are an ideal platform for exceeding the previously reported tunability of thermal conductivity [7]. Specifically, the objective was to electrochemically insert ions (H+ and O2-) into strontium cobalt oxide (denoted as SCO) thin films, thereby triggering phase transitions (Figure 4(a)), which can potentially yield large reversible changes in thermal conductivity at room temperature. This effect was demonstrated using a liquid electrolyte in the gating geometry shown in Figure 4(b), as well as using an ion gel and a solid oxide as the gating electrolytes. Upon electrochemically oxygenating the brownmillerite SrCoO2.5 (BM-SCO) to the perovskite phase SrCoO3-δ (P-SCO, δ represents oxygen non-stoichiometry), the thermal conductivity increased by nearly a factor of 4, while protonating it to form H-SrCoO2.5 (H-SCO) effectively reduced the thermal conductivity by an equal factor (Figure 4(c)). This reversible bi-directional tuning of thermal conductivity across a 15-fold range is achieved by using ionic liquid gating to trigger the “tri-state” phase transitions in a single device. The effects of these anionic and cationic species on thermal conductivity were elucidated by combining chemical and structural information from X-ray absorption spectroscopy with thermal conductivity measurements. The results were explained through changes in structural symmetry, electronic conductivity and point defects obtained upon

Figure 4. (a) Crystal structure of hydrogenated SCO (H-SCO), brownmillerite (BM-SCO) and perovskite SCO (P-SCO). (b) Schematic showing the ionic liquid gating of SCO. (c) Thermal conductivity of BM-SCO, H-SCO and P-SCO, gated by either ionic liquid (denoted as liq.) or ion gel (denoted as gel) found by thermoreflectance thermal conductivity.

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electrochemically induced phase transitions. Our work provides a new way of designing oxides for thermal management and energy harvesting.

Thrust 3: Ion-Spin Coupling: Thrust 3 explores how oxygen defects at oxide-oxide and metal-oxide interfaces affect magnetic and spintronic behavior, enabling new spintronic devices.

Oxygen vacancy-mediated ferroelectric and magnetic properties in substituted perovskite oxides: Ross, Comin (seed project) and Tuller probed the effects of oxygen vacancies on the magnetic properties of perovskites SrTi0.70Co0.30O3-δ (STC30) and SrTi0.70Fe0.30O3-δ (STF30), [8] grown as single crystal films on (100) SrTiO3 or as polycrystalline films on Si and SiO2. X-ray magnetic circular dichroism(XMCD) measurements by Comin of films grown at different base pressures, and therefore with different oxygen deficiencies δ, are shown in Figure 5. These results agreed with vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), and further revealed that the magnetic STF40 samples contain Fe2+ and mostly Fe3+ (no metallic Fe), and the STC30 samples contain Co2+ and Co3. Annealing STF in oxygen removed the magnetism, which was mostly restored by a subsequent vacuum anneal to reduce the films again. The oxygen content was modified using oxygen pumping experiments by Tuller on films grown on YSZ substrates, and by ionic liquid gating, and in situ measurements of magnetic moment versus oxygen content are in progress. These experiments reveal the interplay between deposition or annealing processes, oxygen vacancies, cation valence state and magnetic properties. The STCo films on (100) STO are highly strained, and Ross demonstrated an unusual strain relaxation method, Figure 6, in which (110) STCo crystals nucleate within the (100) film; both orientations are eptiaxial with the substrate [9]. As the strain relaxes with increasing thickness, a systematic reduction in magnetization was observed.

Oxygen anion and proton mediated magneto-ionics: Several novel devices including memristors and magneto-ionic memory devices [3] developed by Beach in Thrust 3 rely on oxygen ion transport in high-k dielectric materials. However, surprisingly little is known about the ionic transport properties of such oxides. Tuller and Beach have initiated research on ionic transport in Gd2O3, an enabler in the magneto-ionic devices. The transport properties of undoped, Sr, and Ce doped (1-10%) Gd2O3 specimens were measured by impedance spectroscopy as functions of temperature (700˚C – 900˚C) and oxygen partial pressure (1atm – 10-5atm), showing 1) Ce stabilizes the cubic phase Gd2O3, 2) acceptor doped monoclinic Gd2O3 is a p-type electronic conductor, and 3) donor doped cubic Gd2O3 is a mixed ionic-electronic (oxygen interstitial and hole) conductor, with an activation energy for ionic conduction of 1.7 eV and ionic transference numbers of 0.63-0.75 in air. Subsequent studies will determine ionic mobilities [4] for

Figure 6. (a) TEM dark field image shows pyramidal (110) STCo crystals nucleating part way through a (110) STCo on STO. (b) the magnetic moment starts to fall when the film is thick enough for the (110) crystals to nucleate.

Figure 5. (a) VSM and (b) X-ray absorption spectra of two magnetic STCo30 films (on STO, green, and Si, grey) and one non-magnetic (on STO, red). Curves in bottom of (b) are the the XMCD data, which correlate well with VSM.

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both oxygen deficient and excess Gd2O3 as well as the defect thermodynamics for ionic and electronic defect formation. This work provides fundamental understanding and engineering design strategies for enabling magneto-ionic switching of interfacial magnetism.

In addition Beach and Tuller [10] discovered that protons play a crucial role in previously demonstrated magneto-ionic effects [4] in Pt/Co/GdOx structures, and showed that proton transport provides a new way to achieve voltage control of magnetism. They found that water incorporation mediated by oxygen vacancies provides for high proton conductivity in GdOx, and that H2O splitting at the electrode-air interface facilitates proton incorporation into GdOx. They demonstrated reversible H+ insertion/extraction at the Co/GdOx interface to toggle the magnetic anisotropy (Figure 7) without changing the chemical state of the Co at the interface. This mode of operation allows for fast room-temperature operation and >100x increase in cyclabilty compared to modulation using Co redox reaction alone. These results provide new insights into the electrochemistry and transport phenomena responsible for magneto-ionic switching.

References 1. Youssef, M., Van Vliet, K.J. and Yildiz, B. “Polarizing oxygen vacancies in insulating

metal oxides under high electric field.” Physical Review Letters, 119: 126002, 2017.2. Chi, Y.-T., Youssef, M., Sun, L., Van Vliet, K., and Yildiz, B. “Accessible switching of

electronic defect type in SrTiO3 via biaxial strain.” in review Physical Rev. Maters, 2018.3. Bauer, U., Yao, L., Tan, A., Agrawal, P., Emori, S., van Dijken, S., Tuller, H., Beach, G.

“Magneto-ionic control of interfacial magnetism.” Nature Materials, 14(2): 174, 2016.4. Kalaev, D., Tuller, H.L., and Riess, I. “Measuring ionic mobility in mixed-ionic-electronic-

conducting nano-dimensioned thin films at near ambient temperatures.” Solid StateIonics, 319, 2018.

5. Lu, Q. and Yildiz, B. “Voltage-controlled topotactic phase transition in thin-film SrCoOxmonitored by in situ x-ray diffraction.” Nano Letters, 16(2), 2016.

6. Lu, Q., Bishop, S.R., Lee, D., Bluhm, H., Tuller, H.L., Lee, H.N., and Yildiz, B.“Electrochemically triggered metal-insulator transition between VO2 and V2O5.” underreview at Science, 2018.

7. Lu, Q., Huberman, S., et al. Chen, G., and Yildiz, B. “Bi-directional tuning of thermaltransport in SrCoOx with electrochemically induced phase transitions.” in review atNature Nanotech, 2018.

8. Goto, T., Kim, D.H., Sun, X., Tuller, H.L., Onbasli, M., Florez, J., Ong, S.P., Vargas, P.,Ackland, K., Stamenov, P., Aimon, N., Inoue, M., Dionne, G., Coey, J., and Ross, C.“Magnetism and Faraday rotation in polycrystalline and single-crystal iron-substitutedstrontium titanate films deposited at different pressures.” Physical Rev Applied,7:024006, 2017.

9. Tang, A.S., Onbasli, M.C., Sun, X., and Ross, C.A. “Thickness-dependent doubleepitaxial growth in strained SrTi0.7Co0.3O3-δ films.” ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces10:8: 7469-7475, 2018.

10. Tan, A.J., Huang, M., Avci, C.O., Mann, M., Tuller, H.L., and Beach, G.S.D.“Magnetoionic control of magnetism using a solid-state proton pump.” under review atNature Materials, 2018.

Figure 7. (a) Schematic of hydrogen insertion at Co/GdOx interface using a gate voltage (VG) (b) Anomalous Hall Effect hysteresis loops showing the change in magnetization with hydrogen insertion.

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5. Seed 4 (Round 1)

Direct Deposition of Catalysts on Porous Metallic Foams for Efficient CO2 Electroreduction PI: Fikile R. Brushett, (Department of Chemical Engineering) Graduate Students: 1 Research Summary: Carbon dioxide (CO2) is an abundant feedstock that can be electrochemically transformed, at ambient reaction conditions, into high-value chemicals. The conversion of CO2 to carbon monoxide (CO), for use in gas-to-hydrocarbon syntheses, such as Fischer-Tropsch, offers an opportunity for both scientific advancement and near-term profitability. Though significant efforts have focused on improving the activity and selectivity of heterogeneous CO2 electroreduction, translating these nanomaterials into high performance electrodes for use in practical electrochemical cells remains a key challenge. Indeed, the morphology and surface chemistry of nanomaterials can be optimized for high performance under well-controlled conditions and short experiment times (~1 h). However, incorporation of catalysts into practical, scalable, systems capable of operating at high current densities over extended time periods is rarely discussed because deposition processes (e.g., painting, spray-coating) and reactor operation are challenging [1]. Therefore, the direct deposition of high active and selective catalyst layers onto robust metal foam electrodes offers an opportunity for bottom-up, high-throughput construction of a nanostructured surface that can improve catalyst utilization (better performance), enhance durability (better adhesion), and enable new catalyst compositions with tailored properties (e.g., oxide or halide-derived surfaces). Previous work focused on probing structure-function relations for different metal surfaces in a catalyst / electrode characterization platform with liquid-phase CO2 delivery. Recent work focused on direct deposition of Au and Ag nanoparticles onto carbon black, which is then easily deposited onto porous gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs). GDEs maintain gas-liquid separation in membraneless CO2 electrolyzers, enabling higher current densities by overcoming mass transport limitations that hamper liquid-phase delivery systems. Durability studies, over 50 h at a constant applied potential of -0.60 V versus RHE, reveal that the CO: H2 selectivity of the electrode does not decay significantly (Figure 1). However, the total electrode activity fades and is attributed to the inability of the GDE to prevent electrolyte flooding throughout the multi-layer structure. Commercial porous electrodes are designed to manage liquid water at the cathode of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells, not restrict water transport as is desired in CO2 electrolyzers. Future work will focus on both (1) the direct deposition of electrocatalysts to form nanoporous layers to balance high surface area with facile reactant / product transport and (2) characterization of electrode flooding as a function of operating conditions (i.e., pressure balance, electrolyte composition, applied potential) and electrode material (e.g., hydrophobicity, capillary pressure) to determine requirements for stable long term operation. Reference 1. Liu, Z.C., Masel, R.I., Chen, Q.M., Kutz, R., Yang, H.Z., Lewinski, K., Kaplun, M., Luopa,

S., and Lutz, D.R. "Electrochemical generation of syngas from water and carbon dioxide at industrially important rates." Journal of CO2 Utilization, 15(50-56): SI, 2016.

Figure 1. Custom designed gas-phase delivery CO2 reactor (top). Achieved target product selectivity > 85% (mean of 90%) for 50 h (middle). Fade in activity (bottom) is attributed to electrode flooding which motivates the need for durable gas diffusion electrodes.

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5. Seed 1

Thin Film Chromium Oxide Perovskites PI: Riccardo Comin, (Department of Physics) Postdoctoral Associates: 1 Research Summary: Correlated electron physics gives rise to a wealth of rich physical phenomena in perovskite materials. The focus of Seed 1 is unveiling the electronic and magnetic structure of newly-synthesized chromium-based perovskites as a function of strain and doping, using angle-resolved photoemission and resonant X-ray spectroscopy. In the pristine (undoped) phase, magnetic susceptibility measurements suggest a canted antiferromagnetic state below ~ 140 K. [1] Very recently, X-ray absorption and dichroism measurements performed by our group further indicate the onset of orbital polarization below ~140 K, hinting at a possible electronic ordering. To date, we have successfully grown, for the first time, thin films of Sr2-xLaxCrO4 (SLCO), on LaAlO3 and SrTiO3 substrates. This compound grows in a non-cubic crystal structure in the bulk, however through epitaxial templating it can be stabilized as a layered (n=1) Ruddlesden-Popper perovskite structure. SLCO is a chromium-based analogue of copper oxide perovskite compound La2-

xSrxCuO4, to which it is isostructural. Our recent X-ray scattering measurement (Figure 1) confirm the presence of a spin-density-wave in this material, appearing below around 200 K (Figure 1(c)), which is unprecedented and unanticipated. These results, including the growth and baseline characterization of these films, are currently being prepared for submission. In year 2 of this seed, we will complement the study of the ordered magnetic ground state by angle-resolved photoemission (ARPES) measurements to explore the electronic band structure of this system. We have successfully applied for and obtained facility user time at PARADIM to grow SLCO films with MBE and perform in situ ARPES. The roadmap for the second year of this project is to chart out the temperature-doping phase diagrams of these compounds (doping is achieved by La-for-Sr substitution) and to synthesize and explore materials with similar chemistry but different dimensionality, such as the 3D cubic perovskites RECrO3 (RE = rare earth) as well as the quasi-2D, double-layer chromite Sr3Cr2O7. [2] References 1. Sakurai, H. “Synthesis Conditions and Magnetic Properties of Sr2CrO4 with the K2NiF4-

Type Structure.” Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, 83(12): Article, 123701, December 2014.

2. Jeanneau, J., Toulemonde, P., Remenyi, G., Sulpice, A., Colin, C., Nassif, V., Suard, E., Colera, E.S., Castro, G.R., Gay, F., Urdaniz, C., Weht, R., Fevrier, C., Ralko, A., Lacroix, C., Aligia, A.A., and Nunez-Regueiro, M. “Singlet orbital ordering in bilayer Sr3Cr2O7.” Physical Review Letters, 118(20): Article 207207, May 2017.

Figure 1. (a),(b) Reciprocal lattice scans along the (H,H) and (H,-H) axes, respectively. Magnetic diffraction peaks indicate an unprecedented period-8 spin-density-wave order in the AFM phase of Sr2CrO4. (c) Temperature dependence of the spin ordering peaks, showing persistence up to 250 K.

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5. Seed 2

Room Temperature Spin-orbit Torque Switching Induced by a Topological Insulator PI: Luqiao Liu（Department of EECS） Postdoctoral Associates: 1 Graduate Students: 2

Research Summary: Recent studies on magneto-transport properties of topological insulators (TIs) have attracted great attention due to the rich spin-orbit physics and promising applications in spintronic devices. Particularly, the strongly spin-momentum coupled electronic states have been extensively pursued to realize efficient spin-orbit torque (SOT) switching (Figure 1(a)). However, so far current-induced magnetic switching with TIs has only been observed at cryogenic temperatures. The goal of this seed project is to understand whether the topologically protected electronic states in TIs could benefit spintronic applications at room temperature.

In this seed project, full SOT switching has been demonstrated in a TI/ferromagnet heterostructure with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) at room temperature (Figure 1(b)) [1]. Ferrimagnetic cobalt-terbium (CoTb) alloy with bulk PMA was used to overcome the effects of the interfacial lattice mismatch, permitting direct growth on the classical TI material Bi2Se3. The low switching current density (~ 3 × 106 A/cm2) provides definitive proof of the high SOT efficiency from the TI. The SOT efficiency was measured by the current-induced shift of the Hall resistance-versus-magnetic field hysteresis loops (Figure 1(c)), which is consistent with the model of the current-induced Néel-type domain wall motion. Accordingly, the effective spin Hall angle of the TI was determined to be several times larger than in commonly used heavy metals (Figure 1(c)). Moreover, power consumption for switching a ferromagnetic layer with either a TI or a heavy metal was calculated, indicating that magnetization switching with TIs presents much higher energy efficiency than with conventional heavy metals. These results demonstrate the robustness of TIs as an SOT switching material and provide an avenue towards applicable TI-based spintronic devices.

References 1. Han, J., Richardella, A., Siddiqui, S.A., Finley, J., Samarth, N. and Liu, L. “Room-

temperature spin-orbit torque switching induced by a topological insulator." PhysicalReview Letters, 119: 077702, 2017.

Figure 1. (a) Schematic of SOT switching in CoTb/Bi2Se3 bilayer. (b) Current-induced magnetic switching measured in CoTb/Bi2Se3 under an in-plane magnetic field. (c) SOT efficiency as a function of in-plane field. The spin Hall angle of Bi2Se3 can be calculated from the saturation efficiency. (d) Comparison of the spin Hall angle between TI and heavy metals.

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5. Seed 3

Bottlebrush Hydrogels as Tunable Tissue Engineering Scaffolds PI: Robert Macfarlane (Department of Material Science and Engineering) Postdoctoral Associates: 2 Undergraduate Students: 1

Research Summary: Hydrogels (HGs) are commonly utilized as scaffolds for tissue engineering, and consist of crosslinked, highly entangled networks of water-soluble polymers that are structurally porous and mechanically compliant. To ensure biocompatibility and promote tissue growth, HGs must use non-toxic monomers and crosslinking chemistries, and must also contain chemical moieties that encourage cell proliferation. This restricted choice of polymer building blocks ultimately limits the degree to which mechanical properties and porosity of HGs can be controlled, as the types of intermolecular forces that dictate polymer stiffness are predetermined as a function of molecular composition. This project synthesizes HGs using a polymer construct (Figure 1) that has unique design features that enable better tuning of HG characteristics—the bottlebrush polymer (BBP).

In the first year of this seed project, multiple synthetic routes to achieve BBPs capable of forming gels were attempted, with most resulting in a synthetic challenge that prevented gel formation. The final, successful route that is capable of making gram-scale quantities generated the structures shown in Figure 1. Briefly, ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) was used to polymerize modified norbornene molecules into an ABA-type triblock polymer. The middle B block consisted of polyethylene glycol (PEG) brushes attached to the polynorbornene background. The end A blocks consisted of amine-modified polynorbornene, which could be converted post-polymerization into guanidinium (positively charged) or sulfonate (negatively charged) bearing groups. These oppositely charged BBPs were readily dissolved in water, where they formed slightly viscous solutions. However, combination of these two solutions rapidly generated a solid gel. Mechanical testing is underway, but preliminary evidence suggests that BBP gels are significantly stiffer than linear polymer-based gels of the same composition and chain length. Additionally, lyophilized gels were examined with SEM, revealing significantly increased porosity than typical linear gels (Figure 2). Plans for the rest of this funding period include complete mechanical characterization of BBP gels as a function of the length of the A and B blocks, as well as measurements of material porosity and swelling rate as a function of these same variables.

Figure 1. Bottlebrush polymer hydrogels have been achieved through coacervate formation of oppositely charged polymer brush ends (inset shows an individual coacervate).

Figure 2. SEM images of a lyophilized BBP gel.

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5. Seed 4

A Lithium Solid-State Memristor - Modulating Interfaces and Defects for Novel Li-Ionic Operated Memory and Computing Architectures PI: Jennifer L.M. Rupp (Department of Materials Science and Engineering) Postdoctoral Associates: 1 Graduate Students: 1

Research Summary: Ionically-controlled memristors could allow for the realization of highly functional, low-energy circuit elements operating on multiple resistance states to encode information beyond binary. The application of a sufficiently high electric field induces a non-volatile resistance change linked to locally induced redox processes in the oxide. State-of-the-art devices operate mainly through O2−, Ag+ or Cu2+ ions hopping over vacancies. Surprisingly, despite their fast diffusivity and stability towards high voltages, lithium solid-state oxide conductors have been almost entirely neglected as switching materials. This project investigates lithium ionic carrier and defect kinetics in oxides to design material architectures and interfaces for novel Li-operated memristors as alternative memory materials.

In the first six months of this project, extensive efforts were devoted to understand the growth of the chosen Li-oxide conductor thin films by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and to microfabricate model thin film architecture devices. In-house overlithiated pellets of the selected oxides were synthesized and used as PLD targets. Dense, crack-free thin film oxides have been successfully grown on Pt/Si3N4/Si substrates, including multilayer heterostructures of two selected Li-oxide materials. Remarkably, Pt/Li-oxide/Pt structures (Figures 1(a),(b)) show a significant bipolar resistive switching effect with a resistance ratio Roff/Ron~104-105. This is achieved at low operation voltages of ~3V for laboratory scale structures (Figure 1(c)), which is beneficial for reducing the footprint at operation. In addition, sweep rate, thickness and area dependence studies suggest that the bulk oxide plays a major role in the diffusion of the ionic species for achieving a large and tunable resistance ratio. This phenomenon makes the newly investigated Li-oxides novel candidate materials for neuromorphic computing elements. In-situ Raman spectroscopy and TEM experiments will shed light on the microstructure and its defects and will allow a better understanding of the underlying physical mechanism of the switching behavior. Also, new routes will be explored to modify the lithiation degree of the thin films, which will add an extra parameter to tune and alter switching kinetics and resistance retention. Excitingly, we are currently extending the project to explore novel material/device architectures with varying terminal counts and operation schemes to mimic artificial synaptic behavior and learning.

Figure 1. (a) Lithium concentration along the thickness direction of the sketched device archietecture in (b). (c) Optical micrograph of a microfabricated device.

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6. EDUCATION AND HUMAN RESOURCES

CMSE’s portfolio of education programs is designed to enhance the knowledge and skills of K-12 students and teachers and to promote a more scientifically literate citizenry. The center also provides programs to train undergraduates, graduate students, and postdoctoral associates to become future leaders in science and engineering research and education. The MRSEC’s core education programs are described below. Each program is assessed on an annual basis to assure that it meets its goals and objectives. Assessment tools include entrance and exit surveys, focus groups, and tracking the careers of REU participants.

Research Experience for Teachers (RET): Each summer the MRSEC provides local science teachers with research experience in materials science and engineering. Objectives of the program are to familiarize them with current materials research, increase their science and engineering content knowledge, facilitate the development of new classroom material, and cultivate long-term relationships between CMSE and teachers. Each participant spends seven weeks working closely with graduate students and postdocs as a member of a faculty-led research group. In addition to the research, the teachers are introduced to the equipment in the MRSEC’s SEFs and attend weekly discussion meetings to share their research and explore connections to their classroom teaching. They are also introduced to the extensive assortment of education activities, workshops, and programs for K-12 teachers and students offered by MIT throughout the year. At the end of the summer, the teachers present their research in a joint RET/REU poster session attended by the entire materials community at MIT. Participants are encouraged to return for a second summer to continue their research or develop teaching units or lab projects for their classrooms.

Teachers are recruited from local school systems. Many are referred by former participants in the program. Participants are selected on the basis of their teaching experience, research interests, and statements of intended use of the RET to enhance their classroom teaching. Normally, CMSE dedicates half of the RET positions to teachers from local schools that have diverse student enrollment. Last summer all of the participants came from such schools. Each participant is awarded a stipend. The 2017 cohort included two high school teachers and two faculty members from a local community college. They were joined by a high school teacher from the 2016 group who returned to develop classroom material for middle school students.

RET Participants, 2017 Name School; Subject(s) Taught Research Project or Lesson Plan Barry, Paul Madison Park High School Laser-Based Transient Grating Spec-

(Roxbury, MA); Biology, troscopy Technique for the Measure- Physics ment of Acoustic and Thermal/

Electronic Transport Properties of Condensed-Matter Systems

Bekin, Mehmut Pioneer Charter School of Introducing Types of Chemical Science II (Saugus, MA); Reactions to Middle School Students Chemistry, Science Chair

Stieglitz, Kimberly Roxbury Community College Synthesis and Characterization of (Roxbury, MA); Chemistry, Star Microgels in the Presence of Self- Biology Assembling Nanocomposite Tectons

Ghaemghami, Jalal Roxbury Community College Incorporating Genetic Research (Roxbury, MA); Environ- Methods in Teaching mental Science and Eng.

Weybrant Stacey- East Boston High School Exploring Metal Microstructure- Michelle (Boston, MA) Property Relationship in a High School

Physics, Environmental Sci. Classroom

An important feature of CMSE’s RET program is the ongoing relationships established between the MRSEC and local science teachers. Over the years, these continued collaborations have

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enabled class visits to MIT, school presentations by MRSEC researchers, and student involvement in research. For instance, chemistry teacher Sean Müller, has worked with CMSE on many projects over the years developing lab projects that are used both in his high school classroom as well as in one of MIT’s freshman seminars. Doug Shattuck, a participant in the 2012 and 2013 RET programs, has established an ongoing collaboration between the Buehler research group at MIT and members of an after-school research team of his students from the Concord Middle School to study mechanical properties of web construction. For the past two years, Concord students (who have named themselves the “Spider Team”) have designed and conducted their own research at the school. Each spring they come to MIT to report their findings and discuss the project with Buehler’s research group of graduate students and postdocs. While on campus, the students also visit the Electron Microscopy SEF. In August 2017, the Spider Team presented a poster titled “Complex Web Construction: A Possible Clue to Mechanical Properties” at the 2017 Microscopy and Microanalysis conference. This is the second year in a row that they have presented a poster at the conference. Mr. Shattuck reports that he has assembled a third group of students to work on a new project during the summer of 2018 and the following academic year. Finally, Roxbury Community College (RCC) professor Kimberly Stieglitz has brought some of her students to the MRSEC’s X-ray SEF to analyse samples as part of independent research projects. This led her to enhance a class she taught at RCC during the fall term (SCI281 “Research Science”) by bringing the class to the X-ray SEF twice to analyse their samples using powder diffraction.

Science Teacher Enrichment Program (STEP): CMSE continues to offer the STEP, subtitled “Dustbusting by Design,” which includes a four-day workshop correlated to the Massachusetts state science learning standards, to a handful of local science teachers. It focuses on increasing middle and high school teachers’ content knowledge of, and experience in, engineering design. Participants spend three and a half days learning about the design challenges associated with the motor in a hand-held vacuum, then immersing themselves in the engineering design process as they construct motors of their own design. The final portion of the program consists of a presentation by former RET participant Sean Müller on teaching polymer science and a seminar led by Prof. Leeb on teaching the design process in K-12 classrooms. The lab portion of the program is simultaneously taught to 40 high school girls in the Women’s Technology Program (see below). Participants in STEP receive a small stipend and professional development hours. They are recruited from local school districts, from former applicants to CMSE’s RET program, and through other MIT-based programs for educators. Five teachers participated in the 2017 workshop.

Women’s Technology Program in EECS (WTP-EECS): CMSE collaborates with EECS on a four-week, residential program for 40 high school girls by presenting a hands-on engineering design class. The goal of WTP-EECS is to address the gender imbalance in the field of engineering by sparking the girls’ interest and confidence in pursuing engineering careers. (This motor-building class is taught simultaneously to the STEP teachers and WTP students.) It begins with a day of lectures by Prof. Leeb on the physics of DC motors and the engineering design process. During the following three days, the students work in pairs to design and construct their own motors. Participants are selected based on their academic record, teacher references, personal statements, and PSAT, SAT or ACT scores. EECS surveys WTP participants after the conclusion of the program each year and tracks their academic careers beyond high school. 100% of eligible former WTP-EECS participants have enrolled in college.

Science and Engineering Program for Middle School Students: The long-standing summer middle school program seeks to introduce local adolescents to materials science and engineering, excite them about science and engineering, and give them an opportunity to experience a college environment firsthand. Students from a local school are selected by their science teacher, who attends the program with his students. Fifteen students (including 4 females) participated in the 2017 program. Of the 15 total students, seven were from

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underrepresented minority groups. Because the students are on campus from 8:00 A.M. to 3:00 P.M. each day, meals are provided by the MRSEC. The center also provides bus transportationbetween the school and MIT. While on campus, the students participate in hands-on activitiespresented by faculty, staff, and students. The 2017 summer program included classes on UVlight, DC motors, electric circuitry, polymers, glassblowing, metal casting, and solar cells. Duringa wrap-up session each afternoon, the students discuss the day’s activities. This serves toreinforce the material covered and provides an opportunity for the students to ask follow-upquestions. It also gives the staff a sense of how effectively the material was understood.

Other Programs for K-12 Students and Teachers, and the Public: MRSEC faculty and students regularly contribute content to MIT and local events. Dr. Settens, research specialist in the X-ray SEF, participated in MIT’s annual SPLASH program in November 2017 by teaching a class on emulsions titled “Demystifying Molecular Gastronomy” to 17 middle and high school students. Prof. Leeb presents a variety of educational outreach activities, both on and off campus. He led 200 students and their parents in building simple dc motors during Belmont Science Night at the Winnbrook Elementary School in March 2018. As he has done for many years, Leeb taught a four-day class on materials and energy to 40 high school students on campus to participate in the Research Science Institute during June 2017. In addition, in August he taught a class on energy actuators to 25 pre-freshmen as part of the Freshman Pre-Orientation Program. This program is offered to students who come to MIT a week before orientation their freshman year to meet some of their classmates and get a preview of academic life at the Institute.

Other faculty have been involved in local education efforts, impacting over 500 students and adults. Three members of Prof. Hammond’s research group spent a total of 48 hours a week mentoring two high school students during the spring term of 2018. Prof. Tuller’s student Michael Campion taught an after-school class on green technology to high school students at Mahomet Seymour High School. He also contributed to the MIT Museum’s “Science on Saturdays” that focused on materials. This monthly program for students from ages 5 to 17 features a different academic department each month. The program begins with an hour or so of talks, followed by hands-on activities for the attendees. It is typically attended by 500-1,000 children and their parents. In August 2017, Prof. Ribbeck and her students and postdocs presented a workshop on polymer science to a group of about 30 elementary school students attending a summer course at the Boston Museum of Science. In addition, Ribbeck created a TED-Ed video titled “How Mucus Keeps Us Healthy,” which is available on YouTube.

Community College REU Program (CCP): CMSE continues a partnership with local Roxbury (RCC) and Bunker Hill Community Colleges (BHCC) to provide their students with research opportunities and encourage them to pursue careers in science, engineering, and technology. Participants for the CCP are selected by science faculty at their home institutions. Selection criteria include the students’ academic background, statements of interest, and faculty references. CCP students spend eight weeks on campus conducting research in faculty-led groups. They join the other REU students for weekly meetings and seminars. These meetings feature research discussions and speakers on intellectual property, graduate school admission, preparing science and engineering images for presentations, creating research posters and hot topics in materials science and engineering. CCP participants present their research in the capstone RET/REU poster session.

CCP REU Participants, 2017 Name Home Institution/Major Research Project Andrea Baker Roxbury Community College Connectorization of Fiber-Based Neural

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Engineering Probes Noon Farsab Bunker Hilll Community College Synthesis and Characterization of

Engineering BaZrS3 Kaitlynne Hardy- Roxbury Community College Using Genetic Encoding Chloride Pieczarka Physical Science Indicator for Imaging of Neuronal

Inhibition Amadou Sow Roxbury Community College Production of Bioinspired Protein Filters

Engineering

Summer Research Internship Program (REU): In collaboration with the Materials Processing Center (MPC), CMSE operates an REU program. Participants, who are rising junior and senior undergraduates, are selected on the basis of their academic record, statements of interest, and faculty recommendations. The application review committee consists of staff from both centers. The twelve 2017 interns were chosen from a pool of over 200 applicants. Three of the interns are members of underrepresented minority groups and seven are women. Two additional students (marked with an asterisk in the list below) on campus for the summer to participate in the AIM Photonics Academy Program at MIT and supported by the American Institute for Manufacturing Integrated Photonics funded by the Department of Defense joined the REU program. Twelve students, including two more AIM Photonics students have been invited to participate in the 2018 REU program.

The eight-week summer internship program begins with a two- or three-day symposium, during which faculty present their research and the projects available for the interns. At the end of the symposium, the interns select their projects. Throughout the summer, the interns, along with the CCP REU students, attend weekly mentoring meetings and seminars. At the conclusion of the summer, they join the RET participants in presenting posters on their research.

CMSE/MPC Summer Interns (REU), 2017 Name Home Institution/Major Research Project Aponte, Alejandro Univ. of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez Development of a Peristaltic Pump

Mechanical Eng. with Individually Controlled Actuators: Algorithm Analysis

Michelet, Gaetana Univ. of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez Understanding Bacterial Behavior Mechanical Eng. in Mucus Environment

Bauman, Stephanie Univ. of South Florida Effects of Vanadium Seed Layer in Physics Ferrimagnetic Heusler Alloy Thin

Films Brunel, Lucia Northwestern Univ. Investigating the Self-Healing

Chemical and Biological Eng. Properties of Biological Gels Canty, Richard Univ. of Virginia Catalytic Upgrading of Lignin Oil

Chemical Eng. Using Cobalt Oxides by Dealkylation And HDO

Daudlin, Stuart* Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor Statistical Modeling of Photonic Engineering Physics Device Variations

Duggal Amrita California State Univ., Channel Cellular Response to Poly(γ-Islands propargyl- L-glutamate) for Biology Biomaterial Applications

Holloway, Kaila Howard Univ. Hydrogen Peroxide Optical Sensing Chemistry Using Single-Walled Carbon

Nanotubes Iqbal, Saleem Univ. of New Mexico Fabrication and Characterization of

Physics a Heater-Tron: Towards a Supercon-

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ducting Memory Cell Kosciolek, Ryan* Rutgers Univ. Materials Study of Amorphous

Physics, Mathematics Germanium Noel, Grace Pennsylvania State Univ. Rational Synthesis of Lead Bromide

Chemical Eng. Perovskites with Various Crystallite Sizes

Oliveira, Alexandra Univ. of Connecticut Towards Advanced Porous Carbon Chemical Eng. Electrodes for Redox Flow Batteries

Shmilovich, Kirill Univ. of Wisconsin, Milwaukee Polymer-Mediated Ion Aggregation: Physics, Mathematics A Molecular Dynamics Study

Soule Luke New Mexico Inst. Of Mining Perovskite-derived TM (Ni, Co, Cu, And Technology Fe) Doped Manganese Oxides for Materials Science and Eng. Formaldehyde Oxidation

CMSE-funded UROP Students, June 1, 2017-April 30, 2018 Student Department Project Title Switzer, Jennifer EECS Development of a User Dashboard for Non-Intrusive

Load Monitoring

Graduate, Undergraduate and Post-Doc Education: The MRSEC regularly supports graduate students working in IRG, initiative, and seed research through research assistantships. Students supported with fellowships also participate in MRSEC research. CMSE’s SEFs contribute significantly to the education of both graduate and undergraduate students by training them to operate the state-of-the-art equipment. In addition, the SEFs offered seven mini-courses during MIT’s Independent Activities Period in January 2018.

During the past year, CMSE’s Research Scientist, Felice Frankel, presented an IAP course titled, “Are Your Journal and Presentation Figures the Best They Can Be?” as well as eleven lectures and workshops on effective use of scientific graphics to MIT undergraduates, graduate students, postdocs and faculty. She also had one-on-one consultations with nine faculty members. In addition, she presented invited talks to two groups of high school teachers and researchers at four different institutions outside of MIT.

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7. POST-DOC MENTORING PLAN

Same as in original proposal.

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7. DATA MANAGEMENT PLAN

Same as in original proposal.

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8. CENTER DIVERSITY

CMSE’s diversity plan consists of three integrated strategies designed to increase participation by women and traditionally underrepresented groups in its research and education programs: (1) to increase participant diversity in the MRSEC’s existing programs, (2) to develop and refinededicated programs that target underrepresented groups, and (3) to collaborate with otheroffices and departments at MIT and beyond to enhance diversity on campus and in science andengineering fields.

Enhancing diversity within existing programs: To increase minority participation in its Summer Internship Program (REU), CMSE directly advertises the program to minority-serving institutions. Approximately 400 letters with recruitment flyers are sent to principal investigators at NSF-funded Centers for Research Excellence in Science and Technology (CRESTs), Historically Black College and University Research Infrastructure for Science and Engineering awardees (HBCU-RISE), and Louis Stokes Alliances for Minority Participation (LSAMPs) each fall. CMSE also recruits via the Institute for Broadening Participation’s online directory of REU programs. Women consistently comprise approximately one-third of the applicants. Twenty-one percent of the 2018 applicants identified themselves as members of minority groups. This is an increase of 4% over 2017. To further increase diversity in the REU program, the Center runs collaborative programs with two local community colleges and the Universidad Metropolitana (UMET) in Puerto Rico, all of which serve underrepresented minority students (see “Targeted programs” section below). Recognizing the importance of diversity in the pipeline of future scientists and engineers, CMSE seeks to impact the classroom experience of minority students by strengthening the materials content knowledge of their science teachers. CMSE consistently devotes half of the RET positions to teachers from schools with significant enrollments (>50%) of underrepresented students. In addition, CMSE directly engages local middle school students from the Putnam Avenue Upper School through its Science and Engineering Program for Middle School Students. 57% of the school’s student body are members of underrepresented minority groups. Fifteen students participated in the 2017 program. We anticipate engaging another 16 students during the summer of 2018.

Targeted programs: CMSE seeks to address the shortage of young women pursuing engineering careers through its collaboration with MIT’s Women’s Technology Program (WTP). The MRSEC contributes a four-day class to this summer program administered by EECS. The goal of the four-week WTP-EECS is to increase girls’ interest in engineering and to enhance their confidence in their ability to succeed in engineering careers. It targets high school girls with strong math and science backgrounds who have not decided on college majors. Forty high school women participate in this residential program each summer. While on campus, they attend lectures and classes taught by female faculty and graduate students, and are mentored by female MIT undergraduate tutors. The motor-building class given by CMSE provides most of the students with their first experience of hands-on engineering design. To date, 626 young women have participated in this program. Of those who have declared college majors at this point, 85% chose to major in science, engineering or math. CMSE will continue this program in the summer of 2018.

CMSE continues to be a contributor to the MIT-DOW Access program. This interactive weekend program is designed to promote diversity by providing undergraduate students with an overview of graduate education, highlighting the advantages of choosing a graduate career in chemistry, chemical engineering, and materials science. MRSEC faculty present talks and seminars, and graduate students provide lab tours and discussions about life as a graduate student.

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CMSE continues its partnership with the Universidad Metropolitana (UMET) in San Juan, Puerto Rico, the objective of which is to enhance the research skills and experience of students at Puerto Rican universities and high schools. An additional goal is to recruit and retain Puerto Rican science, technology, and engineering graduates. Dr. Juan Arratia, Executive Director of the Student Research Development Center at UMET, refers two students to the CMSE/MPC Summer Internship Program (REU) each year. Since the inception of the program, 19 students have participated in the program and an additional two students spent two weeks at CMSE working with MRSEC graduate students to use research instruments in the SEFs. Two more undergraduates have been accepted into the 2018 REU program. In addition to their research at MIT, undergraduates who participate in the REU program contribute to the UMET’s outreach program to high school students in the San Juan area. Of the 21 students who have been through the program, six are still completing their undergraduate studies. Another five have proceeded to graduate school, one of whom has completed her PhD. Five others completed their bachelor degrees and are employed: three as engineers, one in manufacturing, and one as a systems analyst. The career status of the remaining five students is unknown. To increase the pipeline of students pursuing STEM careers in Puerto Rico, Dr. Arratia provides science programs to local high school students, and includes the students who do research at MIT among the mentors to the high school students.

CMSE’s Community College Program (CCP) is a third targeted program designed to reach an underserved undergraduate population. Students from two local community colleges that enroll significant numbers of minority students (50% at one and 64% at the other) participate in the CCP each summer as REU students. Over the thirteen years that the program has been in place, 57% of the 63 participants have been minority students and 46% have been women. One student with a disability participated. Participants have also included three veterans and one Army reservist. Typically, community college students do not have opportunities to gain research experience at their home institutions. By participating in the CCP, they learn research and technical skills that increase their confidence and prepare them to pursue bachelor degrees and science and engineering careers. The students report that, in addition to enhancing their research skills, their experience at MIT broadened their knowledge of possible science and engineering careers and provided a realistic picture of graduate work. Since the beginning of the CCP, 71% of the participants have proceeded to pursue bachelor’s degrees. Of those, seven have enrolled in graduate programs in science and engineering. An additional student went on to medical school, and is now serving her residency. Nine CCP participants proceeded directly from community college to the workforce. Six students continue at the community colleges, and the status of five other participants is unknown. For the past three years, the MRSEC has broadened the impact of its community college partnerships by collaborating with Prof. Anikeeva to engage BHCC and RCC faculty and students in her lab’s research. With CMSE support and her NSF CAREER grant funds, she hosted two students and a professor from the community colleges each summer. The students participated in the Center’s REU program and the faculty were folded into the RET program. This collaboration continues with the faculty supervision of Prof. Macfarlane. During the summer of 2018 he will host one community faculty professor and one student in his lab.

Collaborations with other MIT units: CMSE works with other departments and centers at MIT to achieve mutual diversity objectives. The WTP is an example of such a partnership. As a member of the K12@MIT community on campus, the MRSEC education officer is informed about the wide range of education programs offered so that the Center can partner with other units and student groups when appropriate. MIT is engaged in an institution-wide effort to achieve greater diversity at all levels on campus. The Institute Community and Equity Office sponsors diversity discussions, panels, invited speakers, and workshops during the course of

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the year for the entire community. The MRSEC assistant director and education officer take advantage of these educational opportunities, Center participants are drawn from the available pool at MIT. While CMSE does not directly hire faculty or postdoctoral associates, it does help academic departments attract researchers by presenting them with opportunities for seed funding, special awards to cover SEF usage, interdisciplinary collaboration and access to state-of-the-art research instrumentation. Currently, 23% of the MIT faculty are women and 8% are members of underrepresented minority groups. Among postdocs, 23% are women and 8% are members of minority groups, including Asian-Americans.

The director works with department heads, deans, and administrators to attract and retain members of underrepresented groups at all levels. Progress in diversifying the undergraduate population has been made in recent decades. Among 2017-18 students enrolled at MIT, 46% of undergraduates are women and 21% are members of underrepresented groups. More progress needs to be made at the graduate student and postdoc levels. To benefit female graduate students and postdocs, the MRSEC began a partnership between the materials lecture series and the Women of Materials Science (WoMS), an organization within the materials science community at MIT whose mission is to prepare and advance the careers of the female population in the materials science community. During this academic year, CMSE organized and hosted three lunch discussions attended by graduate students and postdocs from WoMS. Currently, 34% of the graduate students at MIT are women and 7% are underrepresented minority students. Among postdocs, 23% are women and 8% are members of minority groups, including Asian-Americans. Strategies to increase the diversity of CMSE’s graduate students include attracting more women and minorities to programs such as the summer internship, community college, and UMET programs to increase the pipeline of qualified candidates for admission to MIT. CMSE’s diversity goals include 50% participation by women and 50% by minority students in the combined undergraduate programs (Summer Internship, UMET and Community College Programs). For the past couple of years, CMSE has met the goal for women participants (55% for 2017). However, minority participation remains below the MRSEC’s objective at 28%. Both of these exceed current MIT undergraduate enrollment.

MRSEC Participants, June 1, 2017-April 30, 2018 Total Participants Female Minority

Middle School Program 15 4 (25%) 7 (47%) Women’s Technology Program 40 40 (100%) 11 (28%) Research Experience for Teachers 5 2 (40%) 0 (0%) Science Teacher Enrichment Program 5 3 (60%) 0 (0%) Summer Internship Program (REU)* 14* 7 (50%) 3 (21%) Community College Program (REU) 4 3 (75%) 2 (50%) Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program** 9 6 (67%) 3 (33%) Graduate Students** 37 6 (16%) 0 (0%) Postdoctoral Associates** 17 4 (24%) 2 (12%) Faculty 27 8 (30%) 2 (7%)

Totals 173 83 (48%) 30 (17%)

*These numbers include two students paid with non-MRSEC funds.**Numbers for these participant groups include individuals paid directly by the grant, as well as those whoworked on MRSEC research for academic credit or were supported with other funds.

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9. KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER TO INDUSTRY AND OTHER SECTORS

CMSE has a long-standing history of promoting industrial collaboration and knowledge transfer. CMSE-supported graduate students and postdocs who pursue careers in industry represent an important vehicle for knowledge transfer and workforce development. Indeed, the education and research programs at MIT have a proven track record for producing many industrial leaders. Industrial Knowledge Transfer: CMSE works synergistically with two key MIT organizations to facilitate fundamental knowledge transfer from the MRSEC program to industry: the Industrial Liaison Program (ILP) and the former Materials Processing Center (MPC). MPCs functions are now part of the new Materials Research Laboratory (MRL), bringing them under the same umbrella as CMSE. The ILP has more than 195 member companies and 24 MIT industry liaison officers to facilitate industry-MRSEC interactions. MRL fosters and promotes industrial knowledge transfer and collaboration through an Industry Collegium, sponsorship of industry-centric outreach events, and oversight of several industry-supported Centers and Manufacturing Innovation Institutes. MRL benefits from the guidance of a 15-member External Advisory Board representing top-level leadership in industry, academia, and national laboratories. Summary of Key Activities and Events: In October 2017, CMSE participated in and co-organized a poster session for the annual MIT showcase materials event, “Materials Day at MIT,” organized by MRL. This year’s program, “Frontiers in Materials Research,” featured 3 CMSE faculty speakers (Anikeeva, Ross, and Rupp). Of the 65 student and postdoc poster presentations, 22 featured CMSE-supported research. The poster session was judged by a panel of members from MRL’s External Advisory Board, facilitating in-depth interactions and connections between MRSEC researchers and industrial and academic leaders. About 300 registered guests attended the meeting from industry, national laboratories, hospitals, and other universities, as well from across the MIT community. Representation spanned 94 U.S. and foreign companies, laboratories, and universities, including 3M, Boeing, Bose, Dell, Johnson & Johnson, Lockheed Martin, Mitsubishi, Proctor & Gamble, Raytheon, Samsung, and Yamaha. CMSE continues to co-host a regular seminar series together with the Department of Materials Science and Engineering (DMSE) and the MRL. The program brings a wide variety of speakers to MIT to meet with CMSE faculty and students, and to deliver broadly-accessible lectures. Audiences typically comprise 50-125 people from across the MIT community. To promote inter-MRSEC interactions, researchers from other MRSECs are frequently invited to participate. This year’s series welcomed sixteen presenters. These speakers included Sara Skrabalak, Indiana University in Bloomington; Sossina Haile, Northwestern University; Julia Greer, Caltech; and Ulrich Wiesner, Cornell University. In late April, seminars will continue into the summer with Siu Chan, Columbia University; William Chueh, Stanford University; Veronica Augustyn, North Carolina State University, and Jwa-Min Nam, Seoul National University. In this reporting period, five MRSEC-supported faculty highlighted their MRSEC-funded research in four ILP-sponsored conferences: the 2017 MIT Research and Development Conference (Anikeeva, Holten-Andersen and Rupp); the 2017 MIT China Conference in Shanghai (Chen); the 2018 MIT Japan Conference in Tokyo (Rupp), and the 2018 MIT Energy Conference (Brushett). These events engaged audiences totaling more than 1300 participants representing nearly 500 organizations from industry, government, and academia in topics including advanced materials, electronics, information technology, and energy applications. In October 2017, Chronicle, a local Boston news program, featured the work of CMSE’s renowned Image Specialist, Felice Frankel. The segment (www.wcvb.com/article/photography-felice-frankel/12919822) highlighted her efforts to engage both scientists and non-scientists using visualization for effective science communication. Frankel has also authored a new book,

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to appear in Fall 2018, entitled Picturing Science and Engineering. The book teaches researchers how to create images and graphics to better communicate their work, and includes many examples enabled by CMSE’s Shared Experimental Facilities (SEFs). Book tour visits will include the University of Chicago, Northwestern, Stanford, and Rice. Technology Transfer: MIT's Technology Licensing Office (TLO) maintains active engagement with CMSE faculty and is informed promptly of new discoveries resulting from CMSE research. TLO assigns case officers to advise on intellectual property protection and licensing and provides resources to file patents and issue licenses. During this reporting period, 3 new patents have been issued and 5 new patent applications were filed related to MRSEC-funded research. Faculty Industry Meetings: During this reporting period, MRSEC faculty and group members engaged in about 88 meetings with representatives from a broad range of domestic and foreign companies, many facilitated through the ILP. Interactions included visits from industrial representatives, faculty visits to different firms, briefings to company executives, and teleconferences. A partial list of companies includes 3M, Apple, Bose, Exxon, Nestle, Nissan, Saudi Basic Industries Corporation, and Whirlpool. Research Collaborations of IRGs: The Center’s MRSEC-supported faculty engage in a high level of external collaboration. During this funding period, there were a total of 66 collaborations; 56 with outside academic researchers, 5 with government laboratories and agencies, and 5 with industry, all of which were MRSEC related. Out of those collaborations, 34 are international (see next section). Specific IRG and Seed collaborations are summarized below. IRG-I Collaborations: Abouraddy works with A. Dogariu (Univ. of Central Florida College of Optics and Photonics, CREOL, UCF) on optical scattering; D. Christodoulides (CREOL, UCF) on photonic devices; and T. Kottos (Wesleyan Univ.) on optical limiters. Anikeeva works with C. Mortiz and S. Perlmutter (Univ. of Washington) on designing fiber probes for optical spinal stimulation. Fink works with A. Stolyarov (MIT Lincoln Laboratory) on multimaterial fiber fabrication and N. Chapman (Inman Mills) on textile mills. Joannopoulos and Soljačić work with B. DeLacy (U.S. Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center, ECBC) on nanoparticle fabrication and characterization. Johnson works with A. Rodriguez and H. Türeci (Princeton Univ.), L. Ge (City Univ. of New York), and O. Miller (Yale Univ.) on nanophotonics optimization, nonlinear optics, and light-matter interactions; F. Capasso and M. Loncarh (Harvard Univ.) on experimental metasurfaces, photonics, and lasers; D. Stone (Yale Univ.) on laser physics; H. Everitt (Duke Univ.) on molecular-gas lasers; S. Fan (Stanford Univ.) on photonics theory; and H. Atwater (Caltech) on plasmonic materials and devices. IRG-II Collaborations: Holten-Andersen works with J. Tracy (North Carolina State Univ., NCSU) on inorganic nanoparticles and applications in composites. Grodzinsky works with V. Rosen (Harvard School of Dental Medicine) on bone biology and related tissue engineering and transport. McKinley works with M. Rubinstein (Univ. of North Carolina) on theoretical analysis of microheterogeneity and sub-diffusive processes in microheterogeneous gels, and with E. del Gado (Georgetown Univ.) on numerical simulations. Olsen works with S. Mallapragada (Iowa State Univ.) and F. So (NCSU) as co-editors of the journal Management Science and Economic Review (MSER). IRG-III Collaborations: Ross collaborates with C. Ahn (Yale Univ.) for SrTiO3 growth and F. Ross (IBM) on microstructural characterization. Van Vliet works with S. Bishop (Redox Power Systems) on redox reactions in oxides. Yildiz works with H. Lee (Oak Ridge National Laboratory) on growth of vanadium oxide thin films. Seed Collaborations: Brushett works with J. Ager (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory) on carbon reduction on metal surfaces. Comin works with C. Nelson (Brookhaven National Laboratory) on X-ray scattering. Rupp works with J. Yang (Amherst Univ.) on memristor functions, pulsing and new materials.

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10. INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITIES

IRG-related Collaborations: IRG-I: Soljačić collaborates with M. Segev (Technion – Israel Institute of Technology) on quantum electronics and nonlinear optics, solitons, sub-wavelength imaging, and lasers. Johnson collaborates with J. Nave of McGill University in Montreal, Canada to employ semi-Lagrangian methods. Johnson also employs the expertise of Y. Chong of Nanyang Technological University in Singapore to study photonics and laser theory, and of L. Ling from the Chinese Academy of Sciences to study topological photonics. S. Rotter from the Vienna University of Technology collaborates with Johnson in researching nanophotonics, optics, and nonlinear optics. IRG-II: Doyle collaborates with the Y. Jie of the National University of Singapore to build experimental systems for high force active microrheology. Grodzinsky maintains numerous collaborations that foster research on aggrecan in cartilage systems in both a provisional and intellectual capacity: A. Fosang of the University of Melbourne and the Royal Children’s Hospital in Australia provides Grodzinsky with a range of knee joint samples from uniquely generated mice for aggrecanase and collagenase; from Lund University, S. Lohmander provides access to cartilage tissue and to technology for analyzing aggrecanstructure, biosynthesis, and enzymatic degradation; A. Struglics and Grodzinsky analyzeaggrecan fragments generated by proteolytic (aggrecanase) activity collected from kneesynovial fluid samples; and P. Ȏnnerfjord with Grodzinsky research mass spec proteomics ofcartilage matrix response to injury. Grodzinsky and D. Smith of the University of WesternAustralia share a long-term collaboration applying Smith’s theoretical modeling of the effects ofmechanical loads on cartilage deformation and degradation to lab experiments. Grodzinskyalso studies glycosylated connective tissues with B. Kurz of the Anatomisches Institut, Christian-Albrechts University, who provides Grodzinsky with immunohitochemical analyses of tissuesamples. Holten-Andersen and M. Harrington from the Max Planck Institute of Colloids andInterfaces explore with the mechano-chemistry of mussel holdfast materials. Holten-Andersenand E. Amstad (EPFL) study the use of microfluids assembly to translate supramolecular metal-coordinate chemistry into hierarchical materials design. Olsen collaborates with M. Gibson fromthe University of Warwick on artificially engineered proteins for glycan arrays, and with J.Ramirez from Polytechnic University of Madrid on simulations of gel dynamics using BrownianDynamics. IRG-III: Ross collaborates with J. Florez Uribe (Universidad Téchnica Santa María)in configuring density functional theory calculations. Ross teams with X. Sun of the HarbinInstitute of Technology in China to work on TEM of magnetic perovskites. Ross works with T.Goto of Toyohashi University of Technology (TUT) in Japan in their work with magnetoopticalmeasurements/devices, and with M. Inoue, also from the TUT, in integrating magneticperovskites into optical devices. Ross also collaborates with M. Kläui from the Univeristy ofMainz in Germany to focus on PFM measurements of samples from IRG-III members. Van Vlietcollaborates with J. Smith of Micro Materials in the United Kingdom to develop in-situnanomechanic instruments, with J. Warner of Oxford University to perform high-resolutiontransmission electron microscopy under in situ conditions of elevated temperature and electricalcontrol; and with N. Perry of Kyushu University in Japan to prepare STF samples and modeltheir defect chemistry. Tuller researches nanosize effects in sensors with I. Kim from the KoreaAdvanced Institute of Science and Technology, and with M. Orlandi of UNESP, Intituto deQuimica, Brazil. Tuller and Yildiz both join with J. Maier of Max Planck Instutute to performoxygen isotope exchange and depth profiling. Yildiz also studies resistive switching materialswith R. Waser of RWTH Aachen University. Seed Collaborations: Liu and F. Xiu of FudanUniversity in Shanghai, collaborate on condensed matter physics and material physics. Ruppcollaborates with M. Kovalenko from ETH Zurich and J. Fleig from the Institute of ChemicalTechnologies and Analytics in studying the properties and function of Li-based electrolytes.

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11. SHARED EXPERIMENTAL FACILITIES

The ongoing development and advancement of exceptional Shared Experimental Facilities (SEFs) is a key enabling component of the MIT MRSEC program. These facilities, which are housed in over 11,600 sq. ft. primarily in the Vannevar Bush Building at MIT, have played a pivotal supportive role in many key science and engineering discoveries made at MIT. They include advanced tools for both materials characterization and processing. A top priority is to continually upgrade and enhance the capabilities of our SEFs.

Summary of Important Activities during this Funding Period

Formation of a new CMSE In-situ SEM Characterization Facility (ISCF): With funding from the Tasan group, the Lord Foundation, CMSE Discretionary funds, the Department of Materials Science and Engineering, the Vice President for Research and School of Engineering, a new SEM in-situ analysis testing user facility was put into place. When the ISCF is fully functional, the facility will be able to carry out in-situ SEM uniaxial tension, compression, bending, nano-indentation, and electrical property characterization tests as well as additional novel in-situ SEM experiments.

Materials Research Facilities Network (MRFN) Participation: The MIT MRSEC continues to be an active participant in the Materials Research Facilities Network (MRFN). Participation in this network enables access to our facilities by researchers from other universities, particularly those with limited research tools and minority serving institutions. A process has been established that involves the submission of a short proposal outlining the analysis to be done and how the results will impact the proposer’s research program and, if relevant, educational activities. During this period Kaila Holloway, from Howard University and a 2017 CMSE REU student, used MRFN funds in the EM SEF to complete research for a project at Howard University independent of her REU duties. Also member of Prof. Ellie Fini’s research team from North Carolina A&T State University used the EM SEF to complete the research started in prior years.

SEF Management and Operation: Our SEFs are managed by a highly motivated and engaged professional team of seven full-time staff members, including four PhD-level scientists with strong research backgrounds. The SEF staff in each facility, under the direction of the director and assistant director, oversee the operation of the SEFs and make recommendations on SEF policy, staffing needs, and the elimination and addition of instrumentation. Faculty user groups are utilized as needed to identify critical capital equipment needs and to provide a critical assessment of facility and staff performance. An on-line feedback system that allows users to easily provide anonymous feedback about equipment, staff, and operations, as well as periodic user surveys are used to further assess SEF performance. The Coral facilities lab management system is utilized for online user registration, instrument booking, safety training validation, real time instrument status monitoring, and instrument billing. In order to coordinate major materials related equipment purchases at MIT, an MIT-wide Facilities Managers Group was established by the VP of Research. The director of CMSE chairs this institute level committee, which includes the managers of all key materials related shared facilities on campus (a total of 16 facilities).

The CMSE SEFs are an important resource to many users with no MIT affiliation. To access our facilities, such researchers must submit and have approved, a short application to CMSE detailing organizational, safety and project information. In the case of commercial organizations, the application is only approved if the SEFs provide capabilities that are not available commercially and the use is consistent with NSF Notice #122. The cost of purchasing and installing equipment is handled separately and is cost shared with MIT Schools and Departments whenever possible. No fee distinction is made between MIT users and those from other universities, teaching hospitals, or government laboratories and agencies. Commercial

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users, on the other hand, are charged higher fees as they are expected to cover the full cost of operations. We anticipate that about 94% of the operating costs of the facilities (staff salaries, materials and supplies, service contracts, etc.) will be covered by user fees.

SEF Educational Activities: The MRSEC SEFs and staff play a critically important role in the training and education of MIT graduate and undergraduate students, postdoctoral associates, CMSE educational outreach participants and visitors, as well as a wide range of outside academic and industrial researchers. During January 2018, seven technical courses were offered by our SEF staff to the MIT community. CMSE facilities and staff are also an integral component of undergraduate laboratories taught by various MIT academic departments. SEF staff actively contribute to the ongoing development and implementation of the educational modules associated with these laboratories. This year, users from 18 MIT departments, labs and centers, 13 outside academic units, and 12 outside commercial units used the CMSE SEFs.

SEF users during the year ending 2/28/2018 Students and staff from external academic/research inst. 54 Staff of external senior level industrial managers 21 Students from MIT lab subjects - estimated 180 Students and postdocs of MIT faculty 843 Total Users 1,098

Current Shared Experimental Facilities: The following facilities are an integral part of our proposed SEFs. Combined, these facilities house about 70 major materials characterization and processing tools. Details about specific equipment and capabilities can be found on the CMSE website (https://mitcmse.mit.edu/shared-facilities/instruments-labs).

Materials Analysis: This facility provides advanced surface analysis tools for the determination of elemental and chemical composition with high surface sensitivity and spatial resolution as well a variety of spectroscopic tools.

Electron Microscopy: This facility provides advanced image analysis tools to examine the nano and micro-structures of materials including crystal structures and elemental composition.

X-ray Diffraction: This facility maintains a versatile suite of X-ray diffractometers and afluorescence spectrometer to support a wide variety of research needs

Nanostructured Materials Growth and Metrology Facility: This energy focused materials processing and characterization facility was launched with the help of an NSF ARRA grant that supported the renovation of 2,900 sq. ft. of laboratory space.

Major equipment purchases and upgrades during this reporting period: An Octane Elect Super EDS System w/ APEX for EM SEF and a Linkham HFSX350 Heating/Cooling Stage for X-ray SEF.

Proposed additions to Shared Experimental Facilities: Based on current input from faculty and users, CMSE still anticipates adding a time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometer (SIMS) to the SEFs during the next reporting period. A committee, including post-docs and MIT faculty, has been activated to ensure we purchase a tool that best serves the MIT community.

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12. ADMINISTRATION AND MANAGEMENT

Overview and Broader Impact: MIT benefits from a large and diverse materials science and engineering community comprising approximately 200 faculty and senior staff from 11 different departments, laboratories, and centers. A key objective of the MIT MRSEC is to engage this community to enable interdisciplinary collaborations and activities that result in unique high impact science and engineering, effective educational outreach programs and successful knowledge transfer to industry. The MRSEC director reports directly to the Vice President for Research (see organizational chart) and serves as Co-Director of the Materials Research Laboratory (MRL), which coordinates materials-related activities across the Institute. The mission of the MIT MRSEC remains the same: To assemble faculty from different departments and schools to work together on complex fundamental interdisciplinary problems of significant societal and technological importance.

Significant Activities of Period 4: MIT is completing construction of the new MIT.nano building, slated to open in June 2018. The CMSE Director has played a key role on the committee charged with designing the building and establishing a suitable management structure. This new building will exclusively house shared experimental facilities including the CMSE Electron Microscopy, X-ray and Surface Analysis labs and the Microsystems Technology Laboratory (MTL) facilities. In addition to continuing to oversee the CMSE SEFs, the MRSEC Director sits on the MIT.nano Tool Committee to guide the evolution of the toolsets and policies.

Space Management and Organizational Synergies: CMSE controls the research and office space of the Vannevar Bush Materials Science and Engineering Building (Building 13 – ca. 60,000 square feet of laboratory space), providing a powerful mechanism for encouraging collaborative research and creating and maintaining state-of-the-art SEFs. Departments at MIT are responsible for faculty hiring; however, CMSE works closely with MIT departments to recruit and develop new talent with expertise in areas that support the MRSEC long-term mission with a focus on women and underrepresented minorities. MRSEC-enabled mechanisms such as seed funding and Junior Faculty SEF Awards play an important role in CMSE’s contribution to these efforts. Close synergistic coupling to organizations at MIT charged with engaging industry in MIT research are used to promote effective knowledge transfer and gain valuable industrial input, guidance, and collaboration. The Industrial Liaison Program (ILP) has around 200 industry members whose interactions with MIT researchers are facilitated by ILP staff. The MRL incorporates the functions of the former Materials Processing Center (MPC), providing industry connection through an Industry Collegium, sponsorship of industry-centric outreach events, and oversight of several industry-supported Centers and Manufacturing Innovation Institutes.

Seed Competition: The objectives of our seed funding program are to 1) move the MRSEC program in new directions, 2) encourage participation from junior faculty as well as women and underrepresented minorities, and 3) identify and act quickly on new, high risk, and potentially high-impact research opportunities. To this end, we have developed a streamlined process for seed selection. Seed proposals are solicited from the entire MIT community, reviewed, and ranked by our internal advisory committee and awarded to the four most competitive proposals per seed cycle. All faculty proposing a seed are encouraged to meet with the MRSEC director prior to submission to discuss the overall mission of the center, current research activities, and educational and outreach opportunities to aid in constructing a competitive proposal. Seed recipients are invited to meet with IRG leaders of research groups that best align with their proposed research. Each seed project is funded for up to two years, with progress evaluated annually. Our second seed competition received 15 proposals from five MIT departments; all but one from assistant professors. The four funded seeds include one women and one underrepresented minority.

Center Management: The administrative staff of the MRSEC includes the following full time personnel: an assistant director; an education officer; a financial administrator; a facilities/safety

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coordinator; and one administrative assistant. The Director and Assistant Director are responsible for overall management of the center. The education officer coordinates the educational programs and special projects; the financial administrator coordinates accounting and business functions; the facilities/safety coordinator oversees issues related to lab renovations, space changes and safety; the administrative assistant provides operational support. Our educational outreach programs are developed, organized, and nurtured by our faculty education leader, S. Leeb and special projects coordinator A. Belcher.

Advisory Committees: Three internal committees and one external committee provide guidance to the Director. The CMSE Science and Engineering External Advisory Board (SEEAB) provides advice from an external perspective. This committee is composed of leaders from industry, academia, and national laboratories that support major efforts in materials research and engineering (see below). The Internal Advisory Committee (IAC) advises the director on key decisions including major equipment purchases and seed funding selection. The IAC is comprised of the IRG and faculty education leadership. The CMSE Space Committee advises the director about major decisions involving the operation and space allocation of the Bush Building; ensuring that space is appropriately allocated for MRSEC research (and the broader materials community) based on research needs and intellectual relevance. An Executive Oversight Committee, currently led by the Dean of the School of Engineering with input from the Dean of the School of Science, provides broader MIT perspective and facilitates connections to related MIT-wide initiatives, such as the MIT diversity and post-doc mentoring programs. The SEEAB typically meets annually to review center progress, evaluate the quality and impact of our research and outreach programs and provide guidance about ways in which collaboration between CMSE and other academic, national, and industrial laboratories can be enhanced. Current SEEAB membership includes Dr. Leonard Buckley, Director, Science and Technology Division (Institute for Defense Analyses); Dr. Edwin Chandross, Materials Chemical Consultant (formerly Bell Labs, Lucent Technologies); Dr. James Misewich, Associate Laboratory Director for Basic Energy Sciences (Brookhaven National Lab); Dr. Rama Bansil, Professor in the Department of Physics at Boston University; Dr. Sharon Glotzer, Professor of Chemical Engineering at the University of Michigan; and Nevjinder Singhota, Education Officer for the Cornell Center for Materials Research.

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SUPPORTED PUBLICATIONS June 2017 – April 2018

IRG-I: Harnessing In-Fiber Fluid Instabilities for Scalable and Universal Multidimensional Nanosphere Design, Manufacturing, and Applications Primary MRSEC support that acknowledge the MRSEC award – approximately 50% or more support from MRSEC Gumennik, A., Levy, E.C., Grena, B., Hou, C., Rein, M., Abouraddy, A.F., Joannopoulos, J.D.,

and Fink, Y. “Confined in-fiber solidification and structural control of silicon and silicon-germanium microparticles.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 114(28): 7240-7245, July 2017. <DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1707778114>

Grena, B., Alayrac, J.B., Levy, E., Stolyarov, A.M., and Joannopoulos, J.D., and Fink, Y.

“Thermally-drawn fibers with spatially-selective porous domains.” Nature Communications, 8: Article 364, August 28. <DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00375-0>

Khudiyev, T., Clayton, J., Levy, E., Chocat, N., Gumennik, A., Stolyarov, A.M., Joannopoulos,

J. and Fink, Y. "Electrostrictive microelectromechanical fibres and textiles." Nature Communications, 8: Article 1435, November 2017. <DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01558-5>

Qian, C., Lin, X., Yang, Y., Gao, F., Shen, Y.C., Lopez, J., Kaminer, I., Zhang, B.L., Li, E.P.,

Soljačić, M., and Chen, H.S. "Multifrequency superscattering from subwavelength hyperbolic structures." ACS Photonics, 5(4): 1506-1511, April 2018. <DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.7b01534>

Partial MRSEC support that acknowledge the MRSEC award – less than 50% of support from MRSEC Christiansen, M.G., Howe, C.M., Bono, D.C., Perreault, D.J., and Anikeeva, P. “Practical

methods for generating alternating magnetic fields for biomedical research.” Review of Scientific Instruments, 88(8): Article 084301, August 2017. <DOI: 10.1063/1.4999358>

Khudiyev, T., Hou, C., Stolyarov, A.M., and Fink, Y. “Sub-micrometer surface-patterned ribbon

fibers and textiles.” Advanced Materials, 29(22): Article 1605868, June 2017. <DOI: 10.1002/adma.201605868>

Chang, C.H., Rivera, N., Joannopoulos, J.D., Soljačić, M., and Kaminer, I. "Constructing

‘designer atoms’ via resonant graphene-induced lamb shifts." ACS Photonics, 4(12): 3098-3105 SI, December 2017. <DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.7b00731>

Lin, X., Yang, Y., Rivera, N., Lopez, J.J., Shen, Y.C., Kaminer, I., Chen, H.S., Zhang, B.L.,

Joannopoulos, J.D., and Soljačić, M. “All-angle negative refraction of highly squeezed plasmon and phonon polaritons in graphene-boron nitride heterostructures.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 114(26): 6717-6721, June 2017. <DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1701830114>

Yang, Y., Miller, O.D., Christensen, T., Joannopoulos, J.D., and Soljačić, M. “Low-loss

plasmonic dielectric nanoresonators.” Nano Letters, 17(5): 3238-3245, May 2017. <DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b00852>

54

* B. Turner was funded 100% by the MRSEC grant DMR 14-19807 under Prof. Katarina Ribbeck. ** This publication references the proceeding MRSEC grant, award number DMR 08-19762, but was supported by the current grant. ***100% funded by award #DMR 14-19807

Christensen, T., Yan, W., Jauho, A.P., Soljačić, M., and Mortensen, N.A. “Quantum corrections

in nanoplasmonics: shape, scale, and material.” Physical Review Letters, 118 (15): Article 157402, April 2017. <DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.157402>

Ilic, O., Kaminer, I., Zhen, B., Miller, O.D., Buljan, H., and Soljačić, M. “Topologically enabled

optical nanomotors.” Science Advances, 3(6): Article e1602738, June 2017. <DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1602738>

IRG-II: Simple Engineered Biological Motifs for Complex Hydrogel Function Primary MRSEC support that acknowledge the MRSEC award – approximately 50% or more support from MRSEC Cheng, L.C., Hsiao, L.C., and Doyle, P.S. “Multiple particle tracking study of thermally-gelling

nanoemulsions.” Soft Matter, 13(37): 6606-6619, October 2017. <DOI: 10.1039/c7sm01191a>

Bansil, R. and Turner, B.S.* "The biology of mucus: composition, synthesis and organization."

Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 124: 3-15, January 2018. <DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.09.023>

Partial MRSEC support that acknowledge the MRSEC award – less than 50% of support from MRSEC Bajpayee, A.G., De la Vega, R.E., Scheu, M., Varady, N.H., Yannatos, I.A., Brown, L.A.,

Krishnan, Y., Fitzsimons, T.J., Bhattacharya, P., Frank, E.H., Grodzinsky, A.J., and Porter, R.M. “Sustained intra-cartilage delivery of low dose dexamethasone using a cationic carrier for treatment of post traumatic osteoarthritis.” European Cells & Materials, 34: 341-364, July-December 2017. <DOI: 10.22203/eCM.v034a21>

Wagner, C.E., Turner, B.S., Rubinstein, M., McKinley, G.H., and Ribbeck, K. "A rheological

study of the association and dynamics of MUC5AC gels." Biomacromolecules, 18(11): 3654-3664 SI, November 2017. <DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00809>

Sing, M.K., Burghardt, W.R., and Olsen, B.D. "Influence of end-block dynamics on deformation

behavior of thermoresponsive elastin-like polypeptide hydrogels." Macromolecules, 51(8): 2951-2960, April 2018. <DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00002>

**Witten, J. and Ribbeck, K. “The particle in the spider's web: transport through biological

hydrogels.” Nanoscale, 9(24): 8080-8095, June 2017. <DOI: 10.1039/c6nr09736g> **Samad, T., Billings, N., Birjiniuk, A., Crouzier, T., Doyle, P.S., and Ribbeck, K. “Swimming

bacteria promote dispersal of non-motile staphylococcal species.” ISME Journal, 11(8): 1933-1937, August 2017. <DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2017.23>

**Smith-Dupont, K.B., Wagner, C.E., Witten, J., Conroy, K., Rudoltz, H., Pagidas, K.,

Snegovskikh, V., House, M., and Ribbeck, K. "Probing the potential of mucus

55

* B. Turner was funded 100% by the MRSEC grant DMR 14-19807 under Prof. Katarina Ribbeck. ** This publication references the proceeding MRSEC grant, award number DMR 08-19762, but was supported by the current grant. ***100% funded by award #DMR 14-19807

permeability to signify preterm birth risk." Scientific Reports, 7: Article 10302, September 2017. <DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08057-z>

***Chen, W.G., Witten, J., Grindy, S.C., Holten-Andersen, N., and Ribbeck, K. “Charge

Influences Substrate Recognition and Self-Assembly of Hydrophobic FG Sequences.“ Biophysical Journal, 113(9): 2088-2099, November 2017. <DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.08.058>

The following publications resulted from MRSEC research but did not provide the award number in the publications’ acknowledgments. Han, B., Nia, H.T., Wang, C., Chandrasekaran, P.,Li, Q., Chery, D.R., Li, H., Grodzinsky, A.J.,

Han, L. "AFM-nanomechanical test: an interdisciplinary tool that links the understanding of cartilage and meniscus biomechanics, osteoarthritis degeneration, and tissue engineering." ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering, 3(9): SI, September 2017. <DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00307>

Connizzo, B.K. and Grodzinsky, A.J. "Multiscale poroviscoelastic compressive properties of

mouse supraspinatus tendons are altered in young and aged mice." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering-Transactions of the ASME, 140(5): Article 051002, May 2018. <DOI: 10.1115/1.4038745>

Zhang, L.P., Turner, B., Ribbeck, K., and Ten Hagen, K.G. "Loss of the mucosal barrier alters

the progenitor cell niche via Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling." Journal of Biological Chemistry, 292(52): 21231-21242, December 2017. <DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M117.809848>

IRG-III: Nanoionics at the Interface: Charge, Phonon, and Spin Transport Primary MRSEC support that acknowledge the MRSEC award – approximately 50% or more support from MRSEC Huang, M., Tan, Aik J., Mann, M., Bauer, U., Ouedraogo, R., and Beach, G.S.D. “Three-

terminal resistive switch based on metal/metal oxide redox reactions.” Scientific Reports, 7: Article 7452, August 2017. <DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06954-x>

Tang, A.S., Onbasli, M.C., Sun, X.Y., Ross, C.A. "Thickness-dependent double-epitaxial growth

in strained SrTi0.7Co0.3O3−δ films." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 10(8): 7469-7475, February 2018. <DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b18808>

Youssef, M., Van Vliet, K.J., and Yildiz, B. “Polarizing oxygen vacancies in insulating metal

oxides under a high electric field.” Physical Review Letters, 119(12): Article 126002, September 2017. <DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.126002>

***Youssef, M., Yildiz, B., and Van Vliet, K.J. “Thermomechanical stabilization of electron small

polarons in SrTiO3 assessed by the quasiharmonic approximation.” Physical Review B, 95(16): Article 161110, April 2017. <DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.95.161110>

56

* B. Turner was funded 100% by the MRSEC grant DMR 14-19807 under Prof. Katarina Ribbeck. ** This publication references the proceeding MRSEC grant, award number DMR 08-19762, but was supported by the current grant. ***100% funded by award #DMR 14-19807

Lu, Q.Y., Vardar, G., Jansen, M., Bishop, S.R., Waluyo, I., Tuller, H.L., and Yildiz, B. "Surface

defect chemistry and electronic structure of Pr0.1Ce0.9O2-δ revealed in operando." Chemistry of Materials, 30(8): 2600-2606, April 2018. <DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b05129>

Partial MRSEC support that acknowledge the MRSEC award – less than 50% of support from MRSEC Adepalli, K.K., Yang, J., Maier, J., Tuller, H.L., and Yildiz, B. “Tunable oxygen diffusion and

electronic conduction in SrTiO3 by dislocation-induced space charge fields.” Advanced Functional Materials, 27(22): Article 1700243, June 2017. <DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201700243>

Seed Funding Partial MRSEC support that acknowledge the MRSEC award – less than 50% of support from MRSEC Ma, Q., Xu, S.Y., Chan, C.K., Zhang, C.L., Chang, G.Q., Lin, Y.X., Xie, W.W., Palacios, T., Lin,

H., Jia, S., Lee, P.A., Jarillo-Herrero, P., and Gedik, N. “Direct optical detection of Weyl fermion chirality in a topological semimetal.” Nature Physics, 13(9): 842+, September 2017. <DOI: 10.1038/NPHYS4146>

Han, J.H., Richardella, A., Siddiqui, S.A., Finley, J., Samarth, N., and Liu, L.Q. “Room-

temperature spin-orbit torque switching induced by a topological insulator.” Physical Review Letters, 119(7): Article 077702, December 2017. <DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.077702>

No direct MRSEC support but research and subsequent publication directly impacted by use of shared facilities. Agarwal, A., Kim, C.S., Hobbs, R., van Dyck, D., and Berggren, K.K. “A nanofabricated,

monolithic, path-separated electron interferometer.” Scientific Reports, 7: Article 1677, May 2017. <DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01466-0>

Amanchukwu, C.V., Chang, H.H., and Hammond, P.T. “Influence of ammonium salts on

discharge and charge of LiO2 batteries.” Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 121(33): 17671-17681, August 2017. <DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b05322>

Amram, D. and Schuh, C.A. "Interplay between thermodynamic and kinetic stabilization

mechanisms in nanocrystalline Fe-Mg alloys." ACTA Materialia, 144: 447-458, February 2018. <DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2017.11.014>

Boutilier, M.S.H., Jang, D.J., Idrobo, J.C., Kidambi, P.R., Hadjiconstantinou, N.G., and Karnik,

R. “Molecular sieving across centimeter-scale single-layer nanoporous graphene

57

* B. Turner was funded 100% by the MRSEC grant DMR 14-19807 under Prof. Katarina Ribbeck. ** This publication references the proceeding MRSEC grant, award number DMR 08-19762, but was supported by the current grant. ***100% funded by award #DMR 14-19807

membranes.” ACS Nano, 11(6): 5726-5736, June 2017. <DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b01231>

Brandt, R.E., Poindexter, J.R., Gorai, P., Kurchin, R.C., Hoye, R.L.Z; Nienhaus, L., Wilson,

M.W.B., Polizzotti, J.A., Sereika, R., Zaltauskas, R., Lee, L.C., MacManus-Driscoll, J.L., Bawendi, M., Stevanovic, V., and Buonassisi, T. “Searching for ‘defect-tolerant’ photovoltaic materials: combined theoretical and experimental screening.” Chemistry of Materials, 29(11): 4667-4674, June 2017. <DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b05496>

Chan, W.Y., Bochenski, T., Schmidt, J.E., and Olsen, B.D. “Peptide domains as reinforcement

in protein-based elastomers.” ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 5(10): 8568-8578, October 2017. <DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b00698>

Chen, Y., Cordero, J.M., Wang, H., Franke, D., Achorn, O.B., Freyria, F.S., Coropceanu, I., Wei,

H., Chen, O., Mooney, D.J., and Bawendi, M.G. "A ligand system for the flexible functionalization of quantum dots via click chemistry." Angewandte Chemie-International Edition, 57(17): 4652-4656, April 2018. <DOI: 10.1002/anie.201801113>

Cheng, L.C., Bai, W.B., Martin, E.F., Tu, K.H., Ntetsikas, K., Liontos, G., Avgeropoulos, A., and

Ross, C.A. “Morphology, directed self-assembly and pattern transfer from a high molecular weight polystyrene-block-poly (dimethylsiloxane) block copolymer film.” Nanotechnology, 28(14): Article 145301, April 2017. <DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa61c9>

Dane, A.E., McCaughan, A.N., Zhu, D., Zhao, Q.Y., Kim, C.S., Calandri, N., Agarwal, A., Bellei,

F., and Berggren, K.K. “Bias sputtered NbN and superconducting nanowire devices.” Applied Physics Letters, 111(12): Article 122601, September 2017. <DOI: 10.1063/1.4990066>

Gabrys, P.A., Seo, S.E., Wang, M.X., Oh, E., Macfarlane, R.J., and Mirkin, C.A. "Lattice

mismatch in crystalline nanoparticle thin films." Nano Letters, 18(1): 579-585, January 2018. <DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b04737>

Golder, M.R., Jiang, Y., Teichen, P.E., Nguyen, H.V.T., Wang, W.C., Milos, N., Freedman, S.A.,

Willard, A.P., and Johnson, J.A. "Stereochemical sequence dictates assembly unimolecular diblock copolymer. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 140(5): 1596-1599, February 2018. <DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b12696>

Guo, Y.Y., Jiang, S., Grena, B.J.B., Kimbrough, I.F., Thompson, E.G., Fink, Y., Sontheimer, H.,

Yoshinobu, T., and Jia, X.T. “Polymer composite with carbon nanofibers aligned during thermal drawing as a microelectrode for chronic neural interfaces.” ACS Nano, 11(7): 6574-6585, July 2017. <DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b07550>

Heidelberger, C. and Fitzgerald, E.A. "GaAsP/InGaP HBTs grown epitaxially on Si substrates:

Effect of dislocation density on DC current gain." Journal of Applied Physics, 123(16): Article 161532, April 2018. <DOI: 10.1063/1.5001038>

Jackson, M.N., Oh, S., Kaminsky, C.J., Chu, S.B., Zhang, G.H., Miller, J.T., and Surendranath,

Y. "Strong electronic coupling of molecular sites to graphitic electrodes via pyrazine conjugation." Journal of the American Chemical Society, 140 (3): 1004-1010, January 2018. <DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b10723>

58

* B. Turner was funded 100% by the MRSEC grant DMR 14-19807 under Prof. Katarina Ribbeck. ** This publication references the proceeding MRSEC grant, award number DMR 08-19762, but was supported by the current grant. ***100% funded by award #DMR 14-19807

Jang, D., Idrobo, J.C., Laoui, T., and Karnik, R "Water and solute transport governed by tunable

pore size distributions in nanoporous graphene membranes." ACS Nano, 11(10): 10042-10052, October 2017. <DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b04299>

Jantaping, N., Schuh, C.A., and Boonyongmaneerat, Y. "Influences of crystallographic texture

and nanostructural features on corrosion properties of electrogalvanized and chromate conversion coatings." Surface & Coatings Technology, 329: 120-130, November 2017. <DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2017.09.022>

Jia, R., Zhu, T., Bulovic, V., and Fitzgerald, E.A. "Luminescence of III-IV-V thin film alloys grown

by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition." Journal of Applied Physics, 123(17): Article 175101, May 2018. <DOI: 10.1063/1.5016443>

Jia, R., Zeng, L.P., Chen, G., and Fitzgerald, E.A. “Thermal conductivity of GaAs/Ge

nanostructures.” Applied Physics Letters, 110(22): Article 222105, May 2017. <DOI: 10.1063/1.4984957>

Jain, T., Rasera, B.C., Guerrero, R.J.S., Lim, J.M., and Karnik, R. "Microfluidic multiplexing of

solid-state nanopores." Journal of Physics-Condensed Matter, 29(48): Article 484001, December 2017. <DOI: 10.1088/1361-648X/aa9455>

Kamp, C.J.,Zhang, S., Bagi, S., Wong, V., Monahan, G., Sappok, A., and Wang, Y.J. “Ash

permeability determination in the diesel particulate filter from ultra-high resolution 3D x-ray imaging and image-based direct numerical simulations.” SAE International Journal of Fuels and Lubricants, 10(2): 608-618, June 2017. <DOI: 10.4271/2017-01-0927>

Kaiser, A.L., Stein, I.Y., Cui, K., and Wardle, B.L. "Process-morphology scaling relations

quantify self-organization in capillary densified nanofiber arrays." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 20(6): 3876-3881, February 2018. <DOI: 10.1039/c7cp06869g>

Kidambi, P.R., Boutilier, M.S.H., Wang, L.D., Jang, D., Kim, J., Karnik, R. “Selective nanoscale

mass transport across atomically thin single crystalline graphene membranes.” Advanced Materials, 29(19): Article 1605896. <DOI: 10.1002/adma.201605896>

Kidambi, P.R., Jang, D., Idrobo, J.C., Boutilier, M.S.H., Wang, L.D., Kong, J., and Karnik, R.

“Nanoporous atomically thin graphene membranes for desalting and dialysis applications.” Advanced Materials, 29 (33): Article 1700277, September 2017. <DOI: 10.1002/adma.201700277>

Kidambi, P.R., Mariappan, D.D., Dee, N.T., Vyatskikh, A., Zhang, S., Karnik, R., and Hart, A.J.

"A scalable route to nanoporous large-area atomically thin graphene membranes by roll-to-roll chemical vapor deposition and polymer support casting." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 10(12): 10369-10378, MARCH 2018. <DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b00846>

Kidambi, P.R., Terry, R.A., Wang, L.D., Boutilier, M.S.H., Jang, D., Kong, J., and Karnik, R.

“Assessment and control of the impermeability of graphene for atomically thin membranes and barriers.” Nanoscale, 9(24): 8496-8507, June 2017. <DOI: 10.1039/c7nr01921a>

59

* B. Turner was funded 100% by the MRSEC grant DMR 14-19807 under Prof. Katarina Ribbeck. ** This publication references the proceeding MRSEC grant, award number DMR 08-19762, but was supported by the current grant. ***100% funded by award #DMR 14-19807

Kim, D.H., Kim, T.C., Lee, S.H., Han, S.H., Han, K.S., and Ross, C.A. "Self-assembled growth of Sr(Ti,Fe)O3-CoFe2O4 magnetic nanocomposite thin films." Journal of Applied Physics, 121(16): Article 163902, April 2017. <DOI: 10.1063/1.4982162>

Kotikian, A., Truby, R.L., Boley, J.W., White, T.J., and Lewis, J.A. "3D printing of liquid crystal

elastomeric actuators with spatially programed nematic order." Advanced Materials, 30(10): Article 1706164, March 2018. <DOI: 10.1002/adma.201706164>

Kupwade-Patil, K., Palkovic, S.D., Soriano, C., and Buyukozturk, O. "Use of silica fume and

natural volcanic ash as a replacement to Portland cement: micro and pore structural investigation using NMR, XRD, FTIR and x-ray micro tomography." Construction and Building Materials, 158: 574–590, January 2018. <DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.09.165>

Liu, FD., Pishesha, N., Poon, Z., Kaushik, T., and Van Vliet, K.J. "Material viscoelastic

properties modulate the mesenchymal stem cell secretome for applications in hematopoietic recovery." ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering, 3(12): 3292-3306, December 2017. <DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00644>

McGrogan, F.P., Bishop, S.R., Chiang, Y.M., and Van Vliet, K.J. "Connecting particle fracture

with electrochemical impedance in LiXMn2O4." Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 164(14): A3709-A3717, 2018. <DOI: 10.1149/2.0941714jes>

McGrogan, F.P., Chiang, Y.M., and Van Vliet, K.J. "Effect of transition metal substitution on

elastoplastic properties of LiMn2O4 spinel." Journal of Electroceramics, 38(2-4): 215-221 SI, June 2017. <DOI: 10.1007/s10832-016-0057-7>

Modtland, B.J., Navarro-Moratalla, E., Ji, X., Baldo, M., and Kong, J. “Monolayer tungsten

tisulfide (WS2) via chlorine-driven chemical vapor transport.” Small, 13(33): 1701232, September 2017. <DOI: 10.1002/smll.201701232>

Moore, K.R., Bosak, T., Macdonald, F.A., Lahr, D.J.G., Newman, S., Settens, C., and Pruss,

S.B. "Biologically agglutinated eukaryotic microfossil from Cryogenian cap carbonates." Geobiology, 15(4): 499-515, July 2017. <DOI: 10.1111/gbi.12225>

Mutha, H.K., Lu, Y., Stein, I.Y., Cho, H.J., Suss, M.E., Laoui, T., Thompson, C.V., Wardle, B.L.,

and Wang, E.N. “Porosimetry and packing morphology of vertically aligned carbon nanotube arrays via impedance spectroscopy.” Nanotechnology, 28(5): Article 05LT01, February 2017. <DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa53aa>

Mutha, H.K., Cho, H.J., Hashempour, M., Wardle, B.L., Thompson, C.V., and Wang, E.N. "Salt

rejection in flow-between capacitive deionization devices." Desalination, 437: 154-163, July 2018. <DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2018.03.008>

Nienhaus, L., Wu, M.F., Geva, N., Shepherd, J.J., Wilson, M.W.B., Bulovic, V., Van Voorhis, T.,

Baldo, M.A., and Bawendi, M.G. “Speed limit for triplet-exciton transfer in solid-state PbS nanocrystal-sensitized photon upconversion.” ACS Nano, 11(8): 7848-7857, August 2017. <DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b02024>

60

* B. Turner was funded 100% by the MRSEC grant DMR 14-19807 under Prof. Katarina Ribbeck. ** This publication references the proceeding MRSEC grant, award number DMR 08-19762, but was supported by the current grant. ***100% funded by award #DMR 14-19807

Ning, S., Huberman, S.C., Zhang, C., Zhang, Z.J., Chen, G., and Ross, C.A. "Dependence of the thermal conductivity of BiFeO3 thin films on polarization and structure." Physical Review Applied, 8(5): Article: 054049, November 2017. <DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevApplied.8.054049>

Owens, C.E. and Hart, A.J. "High-precision modular microfluidics by micromilling of interlocking

injection-molded blocks." Lab on a Chip, 18(6): 890-901, March 2018. <DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00951h>

Park, J.H. and Rutledge, G.C. "Ultrafine high performance polyethylene fibers." Journal of

Materials Science, 53(4): 3049-3063, February 2018. <DOI: 10.1007/s10853-017-1724-z>

Poindexter, J.R., Jensen, M.A., Morishige, A.E., Looney, E.E., Youssef, A., Correa-Baena, J.P.,

Wieghold, S., Rose, V., Lai, B., Cai, Z.H., and Buonassisi, T. "Distribution and charge state of iron impurities in intentionally contaminated lead halide perovskites." IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics, 8(1): 156-161, January 2018. <DOI: 10.1109/JPHOTOV.2017.2775156>

Poindexter, J.R., Hoye, R.L.Z., Nienhaus, L., Kurchin, R.C., Morishige, A.E., Looney, E.E.,

Osherov, A., Correa-Baena, J.P., Lai, B., Bulovic, V., Stevanovic, V., Bawendi, M.G., and Buonassisi, T. “High tolerance to Iron contamination in lead halide perovskite solar cells.” ACS Nano, 11(7): 7101-7109, July 2017. <DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b02734>

Poinot, T., Laracy, M.E., Aponte, C., Jennings, H.M., Ochsendorf, J.A., and Olivetti, E.A.

"Beneficial use of boiler ash in alkali-activated bricks." Resources Conservation and Recycling 128:1-10, January 2018. <DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2017.09.013>

Regitsky, A.U., Keshavarz, B., McKinley, G.H., and Holten-Andersen, N. "Rheology as a

mechanoscopic method to monitor mineralization in hydrogels." Biomacromolecules, 18(12): 4067-4074, December 2017. <DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b01129>

Rekemeyer, P.H., Chuang, C.H.M., Bawendi, M.G., and Gradecak, S. “Minority carrier transport

in lead sulfide quantum dot photovoltaics.” Nano Letters, 17(10): 6221-6227, October 2017. <DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b02916>

Risch, M., Stoerzinger, K.A., Han, B.H., Regier, T.Z., Peak, D., Sayed, S.Y., Wei, C., Xu, Z.C.,

and Shao-Horn, Y. “Redox processes of manganese oxide in catalyzing oxygen evolution and reduction: an in situ soft s-ray absorption spectroscopy study.” Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 121(33): 17682-17692, August 2017. <DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b05592>

Shin, S.S., Baena, J.P.C., Kurchin, R.C., Polizzotti, A., Yoo, J.J., Wieghold, S., Bawendi, M.G.,

and Buonassisi, T. "Solvent-engineering method to deposit compact bismuth-based thin films: mechanism and application to photovoltaics." Chemistry of Materials, 30 (2): 336-343, January 20-18. <DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b03227>

Sebastian, V., Zaborenko, N., Gu, L., and Jensen, K.F. “Microfluidic assisted synthesis of hybrid

Au-Pd dumbbell-like nanostructures: sequential addition of reagents and ultrasonic

61

* B. Turner was funded 100% by the MRSEC grant DMR 14-19807 under Prof. Katarina Ribbeck. ** This publication references the proceeding MRSEC grant, award number DMR 08-19762, but was supported by the current grant. ***100% funded by award #DMR 14-19807

radiation.” Crystal Growth & Design, 17(5): 2700-2710, May 2017. <DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.7b00193>

Sen, S., Skinn, B., Hall, T., Inman, M., Taylor, E.J., and Brushett, F.R. “Pulsed

electrodeposition of tin electrocatalysts onto gas diffusion layers for carbon dioxide reduction to formate.” MRS Advances, 2(6): 451-458, 2017. <DOI: 10.1557/adv.2016.652>

Simon, K., Porz, L., Swamy, T., Chiang, Y.M., and Slocum, A. “Low-profile self-sealing sample

transfer flexure box.” Review of Scientific Instruments, 88(8): August 2017. <DOI: 10.1063/1.4997952>

Su, X., Tan, K.J., Elbert, J., Ruttiger, C., Gallei, M., Jamison, T.F., and Hatton, T.A. “Asymmetric

Faradaic systems for selective electrochemical separations.” Energy & Environmental Science, 10(5): 1272-1283, 2017. <DOI: 10.1039/c7ee00066a>

Swallow, J.G., Kim, J.J., Maloney, J.M., Chen, D., Smith, J.F., Bishop, S.R., Tuller, H.L., and

Van Vliet, K.J. “Dynamic chemical expansion of thin-film non-stoichiometric oxides at extreme temperatures.” Nature Materials, 16(7): 749+, July 2017. <DOI: 10.1038/NMAT4898>

Tu, K.H., Fernandez, E., Almasi, H., Wang, W.G., Otero, D.N., Ntetsikas, K., Moschovas, D.,

Avgeropoulos, A., and Ross, C.A. "Magnetic reversal and thermal stability of CoFeB perpendicular magnetic tunnel junction arrays patterned by block copolymer lithography." Nanotechnology, 29(27): 275302, July 2018. <DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aabce8>

Tulodziecki, M., Leverick, G.M., Amanchukwu, C.V., Katayama, Y., Kwabi, D.G., Barde, F.,

Hammond, P.T., Shao-Horn, Y. “The role of iodide in the formation of lithium hydroxide in lithium-oxygen batteries.” Energy & Environmental Science, 10(8): 1828-1842, August 2017. <DOI: 10.1039/c7ee00954b>

Vermeij, T., Plancher, E., and Tasan, C.C. "Preventing damage and re deposition during

focused ion beam milling: the 'umbrella' method." Ultramicroscopy, 186: 35-41, March 2018. <DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2017.12.012>

Wang, L., Williams, C.M., Boutilier, M.S.H., Kidambi, P.R., and Karnik, R. “Single-layer

graphene membranes withstand ultrahigh applied pressure.” Nano Letters, 17(5): 3081-3088, May 2017. <DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b00442>

Xu, G.Y., Kushima, A., Yuan, J.R., Dou, H., Xue, W.J., Zhang, X.G., Yan, X.H., and Li, J. "Ad

hoc solid electrolyte on acidized carbon nanotube paper improves cycle life of lithium-sulfur batteries" Energy & Environmental Science 10(12): 2544-2551, December 2017. <DOI: 10.1039/c7ee01898c>

Xue, W.J., Yan, Q.B., Xu, G.Y., Suo, L.M., Chen, Y.M., Wang, C., Wang, C.A., and Li, J.

“Double-oxide sulfur host for advanced lithium-sulfur batteries.” Nano Energy, 38: 12-18, August 2017. <DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2017.05.041>

62

* B. Turner was funded 100% by the MRSEC grant DMR 14-19807 under Prof. Katarina Ribbeck. ** This publication references the proceeding MRSEC grant, award number DMR 08-19762, but was supported by the current grant. ***100% funded by award #DMR 14-19807

Yoon, Y., Yan, B. and Surendranath, Y. "Suppressing ion transfer enables versatile measurements of electrochemical surface area for intrinsic activity comparisons." Journal of the American Chemical Society, 140(7): 2397-2400, February 2018: 2397-2400. <DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b10966>

Publications that acknowledge support from previous NSF MRSEC award, DMR 08-19762, that were not previously published at the time of submission of the last report IRG-II (DMR 08-19762): Mechanomutable Heteronanomaterials Primary MRSEC support that acknowledge the MRSEC award – approximately 50% or more support from MRSEC Cranford, S.W., Han, L., Ortiz, C., and Buehler, M.J. “Mutable polyelectrolyte tube arrays:

mesoscale modeling and lateral force microscopy.” Soft Matter, 13(33): 5543-5557, September 2017. <DOI: 10.1039/c7sm00864c>

Partial MRSEC support that acknowledge the MRSEC award – less than 50% of support from MRSEC Gu, L., Deng, Z.J., Roy, S., and Hammond, P.T. "A combination RNAi-chemotherapy layer-by-

layer nanoparticle for systemic targeting of KRAS/P53 with Cisplatin to Treat Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer." Clinical Cancer Research, 23(23): 7312-7323, December 2017. <DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-16-2186>

Initiative-I (DMR 08-19762): High Def Nanomaterials – New Routes to 3D Hierarchical Nanostructured Materials and Devices Primary MRSEC support that acknowledge the MRSEC award – approximately 50% or more support from MRSEC. Klyachko, N.L., Polak, R., Haney, M.J., Zhao, Y.L., Neto, R.J.G., Hill, M.C., Kabanov, A.V.,

Cohen, R.E., Rubner, M.F., and Batrakova, E.V. “Macrophages with cellular backpacks for targeted drug delivery to the brain.” Biomaterials, 140: 79-87 September 2017. <DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.06.017>

Partial MRSEC support that acknowledge the MRSEC award – less than 50% of support from MRSEC Taketa, T.B., dos Santos, D.M., Fiamingo, A., Vaz, J.M., Beppu, M.M., Campana, S.P., Cohen,

R.E., Rubner, M.F. "Investigation of the internal chemical composition of chitosan-based LBL films by depth-profiling x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis." American Chemical Society, 34(4): 1429-1440, January 2018. <DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b04104>

63

* B. Turner was funded 100% by the MRSEC grant DMR 14-19807 under Prof. Katarina Ribbeck. ** This publication references the proceeding MRSEC grant, award number DMR 08-19762, but was supported by the current grant. ***100% funded by award #DMR 14-19807

Stein, I.Y., Constable, A.J., Morales-Medina, N., Sackier, C.V., Devoe, M.E., Vincent, H.M., and Wardle, B.L. “Structure-mechanical property relations of non-graphitizing pyrolytic carbon synthesized at low temperatures.” Carbon, 117(411-420), June 2017. <DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2017.03.001>

Initiative-II (DMR 08-19762): Quantum Optoeclectronics and Spintronics with Topological Insulator Nanoscale Devices Partial MRSEC support that acknowledge the MRSEC award – less than 50% of support from MRSEC Mendes, J.B.S.,Santos, O.A., Holanda, J., Loreto, R.P., de Araujo, C.I.L., Chang, C.Z.,

Moodera, J.S., Azevedo, A., and Rezende, S.M. "Dirac-surface-state-dominated spin to charge current conversion in the topological insulator (Bi0.22Sb0.78)(2)Te3 films at room temperature." Physical Review B, 96(18): Article 180415, November 2017. <DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.96.180415>

No direct MRSEC support but research and subsequent publication directly impacted by use of shared facilities (DMR 08-19762) Bie, Y.Q., Grosso, G., Heuck, M., Furchi, M.M., Cao, Y., Zheng, J.B., Bunandar, D., Navarro-

Moratalla, E., Zhou, L., Efetov, D.K., Taniguchi, T., Watanabe, K., Kong, J., Englund, D., and Jarillo-Herrero, P. "A MoTe2-based light-emitting diode and photodetector for silicon photonic integrated circuits." Nature Nanotechnology 12(12): 1124+, December 2017. <DOI: 10.1038/NNANO.2017.209>

Brandt, R.E., Mangan, N.M., Li, J.V., Lee, Y.S., Buonassisi, T. “Determining interface properties

limiting open-circuit voltage in heterojunction solar cells.” Journal of Applied Physics, 121(18): 185301, May 2017. <DOI: 10.1063/1.4982752>

Bretheau, L., Wang, J.I.J., Pisoni, R., Watanabe, K., Taniguchi, T., and Jarillo-Herrero, P.

“Tunnelling spectroscopy of Andreev states in graphene.” Nature Physics, 13(8): 756+, August 2017. <DOI: 10.1038/NPHYS4110>

Gao, Y.N., Weidman, M.C., and Tisdale, W.A. “CdSe Nanoplatelet films with controlled

orientation of their transition dipole moment.” Nano Letters, 17(6): 3837-3843, June 2017. <DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b01237>

Joung, Y.S., Ramirez, R.B., Bailey, E., Adenekan, R., and Buie, C.R. "Conductive hydrogel films

produced by freestanding electrophoretic deposition and polymerization at the interface of immiscible liquids." Composites Science and Technology, 153: 128-135, December 2017. <DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2017.10.018>

Kudo, A., Jung, S.M., Strano, M.S., Kong, J., Wardle, B.L. "Catalytic synthesis of few-layer

graphene on titania nanowires." Nanoscale, 10(3): 1015-1022, January 2018. <DOI: 10.1039/c7nr05853e>

64

* B. Turner was funded 100% by the MRSEC grant DMR 14-19807 under Prof. Katarina Ribbeck. ** This publication references the proceeding MRSEC grant, award number DMR 08-19762, but was supported by the current grant. ***100% funded by award #DMR 14-19807

Klug, M.T., Courchesne, N.M.D., Lee, Y.E., Yun, D.S., Qi, J.F., Heldman, N.C., Hammond, P.T., Fang, N.X., and Belcher, A.M. “Mediated growth of zinc chalcogen shells on gold nanoparticles by free-base amino acids.” Chemistry of Materials, 29(16): 6993-7001, August 2017. <DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b02571>

Hong, W.T., Stoerzinger, K.A., Lee, Y.L., Giordano, L., Grimaud, A., Johnson, A.M., Hwang, J.,

Crumlin, E.J., Yang, W.L., and Shao-Horn, Y. “Charge-transfer-energy-dependent oxygen evolution reaction mechanisms for perovskite oxides.” Energy & Environmental Science, 10(10): 2190-2200, October 2017. <DOI: 10.1039/c7ee02052j>

Pattinson, SW. and Hart, A.J. “Additive Manufacturing of Cellulosic Materials with Robust

Mechanics and Antimicrobial Functionality.” Advanced materials Technologies, 2(4): Article 1600084, April 2017. <DOI: 10.1002/admt.201600084>

Stein, I.Y., Kaiser, A.L., Constable, A.J., Acauan, L., and Wardle, B.L. “Mesoscale evolution of

non-graphitizing pyrolytic carbon in aligned carbon nanotube carbon matrix nanocomposites.” Journal of Materials Science, 52(24): 13799-13811, December 2017. <DOI: 10.1007/s10853-017-1468-9>

Polizzotti, A., Faghaninia, A., Poindexter, J.R., Nienhaus, L., Steinmann, V., Hoye, R.L.Z.,

Felten, A., Deyine, A., Mangan, N.M., Correa-Baena, J.P., Shin, S.S., Jaffer, S., Bawendi, M.G., Lo, C., and Buonassisi, T. “Improving the carrier lifetime of tin sulfide via prediction and mitigation of harmful point defects.” Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, 8(15): 3661-3667, August 2017. <DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b01406>

Woller, K.B., Whyte, D.G., and Wright, G.M. "Isolated nano-tendril bundles on tungsten surfaces

exposed to radiofrequency helium plasma." Nuclear Materials and Energy, 12: 1282-1287 SI, August 2017. <DOI: 10.1016/j.nme.2017.04.016>

Wu, S.F., Fatemi, V., Gibson, Q.D., Watanabe, K., Taniguchi, T., Cava, R.J., and Jarillo-

Herrero, P. "Observation of the quantum spin Hall effect up to 100 kelvin in a monolayer crystal." Science, 359(6371): 76-79, January 2018. <DOI: 10.1126/science.aan6003>

Yan, B., Concannon, N.M., Milshtein, J.D., Brushett, F.R. and Surendranath, Y. “A membrane-

free neutral pH formate fuel cell enabled by a selective nickel sulfide oxygen reduction catalyst.” Angewandte Chemie-International Edition, 56(26): 7496-7499, June 2017. <DOI: 10.1002/anie.201702578>

65

14b

. PAT

ENTS

APP

LIED

FO

R A

ND

ISSU

ED U

ND

ER N

SF S

UPP

OR

TJu

ne 1

, 201

7 to

Apr

il 30

, 201

8So

urce

of S

uppo

rtFa

culty

Nam

es

Pate

nt T

itle

Pate

nt #

/Dat

ePr

imar

ilyPa

rtia

llyD

evel

oped

MR

SEC

MR

SEC

In S

EFs

P.O

. Ani

keev

a, M

.G.

Chr

istia

nsen

, R. C

hen

Inde

pend

ent M

agne

tical

ly-M

ultip

lexe

d H

eatin

g of

Por

tions

of a

Tar

get

US

Pat

ent 9

,681

,979

, iss

ued

June

20,

201

7X

P.O

. Ani

keev

a, A

. C

anal

es, X

. Jia

, U.P

. Fr

orie

p, C

. Lu,

C.M

. Tr

ingi

des,

Y. F

ink

Met

hods

and

App

arat

us fo

r Stim

ulat

ing

and

Rec

ordi

ng N

eura

l Act

ivity

US

Pat

ent 9

,861

,810

, iss

ued

on J

anua

ry 9

, 201

8.X

A.J

. Tan

, G. B

each

Volta

ge-c

ontro

lled

mag

netic

dev

ices

with

in

tegr

ated

sol

id-s

tate

pro

ton

pum

pA

pplie

d N

ovem

ber 2

0, 2

017

X

A.J

. Tan

, G. B

each

Met

al O

xide

Nan

obat

tery

App

lied

June

19,

201

7X

X

M.H

uang

, G. B

each

Volta

ge C

ontro

lled

Sol

id S

tate

Pla

smon

ic

Dev

ice

App

lied

June

20,

201

7X

X

Y.Fi

nk, M

. Rei

nTh

erm

al D

raw

ing

of F

iber

s In

clud

ing

Mic

roel

ectro

nic

Dev

ices

App

lied

July

27,

201

7X

Y.Fi

nk, J

. Lee

, H.-W

.,S

u, J

. Vol

dman

, R.

Yuan

Fibe

Mic

roflu

idis

cA

pplie

d O

ctob

er 3

, 201

7X

Y.Fi

nk, Z

.J.G

. Lok

e, R

. Yu

anM

ultim

ater

ial

3D P

rintin

g w

ith F

unct

iona

l Fib

erA

pplie

d N

ovem

ber 1

7, 2

017

X

P.P

atw

ari,

P. L

iebe

sny,

A.G

rodz

insk

y. S

yste

ms

and

met

hods

for d

eter

min

ing

ther

apeu

tic u

ptak

e an

d do

sing

US

Pat

ent 1

5,59

4,13

1 is

sued

Dec

embe

r 6, 2

017

X

R.M

acfa

rlane

, J.

Zhan

g, P

. San

tos,

P.

Gab

rys

Sel

f-Ass

embl

ing

Nan

ocom

posi

te T

ecto

nsA

pplie

d S

epte

mbe

r 21,

201

7X

66

15. BIOGRAPHIES

There are no new biographies to add during this reporting period.

67

16.C

ENTE

R P

AR

TIC

IPA

NTS

’ HO

NO

RS

AN

D A

WA

RD

SJu

ne 1

, 201

7 to

Apr

il 30

, 201

8

Facu

lty N

ame

Aw

ard

Aw

ardi

ng O

rgan

izat

ion

Aw

ard

Dat

eR

elat

ed to

MR

SEC

?

Ani

keev

a, P

.Th

e Vi

lcek

Priz

e fo

r Cre

ativ

e P

rom

ise

Vilc

ek F

ound

atio

nFe

brua

ry 7

, 201

7Ye

s

Bru

shet

t, F.

Tale

nted

12

Che

mis

tC

hem

ical

& E

ngin

eerin

g N

ews

Aug

ust 2

1. 2

017

No

Bru

shet

t, F.

BA

SF

Volk

swag

en S

cien

ce A

war

d E

lect

roch

emis

try -

Fina

list

BA

SF

- Vol

ksw

agen

Nov

embe

r 28,

201

7N

o

Che

n, G

.To

deri-

Cal

linan

Lec

ture

Uni

vers

ity o

f Pen

nsyl

vani

aO

ctob

er 2

017

No

Com

in, R

.S

loan

Fel

low

ship

Slo

an F

ound

atio

nFe

brua

ry 2

018

No

Com

in, R

.C

anad

ian

Ligh

t Sou

rce

Youn

g In

vest

igat

or A

war

dC

anad

ian

Ligh

t Sou

rce

Mar

ch 2

017

No

Gro

dzin

sky,

A.

2018

OR

S O

utst

andi

ng

Ach

ieve

men

t in

Men

torin

g Aw

ard

Orth

opae

dic

Res

earc

h S

ocie

ty (O

RS

)M

arch

10-

13, 2

018

Yes

Gro

dzin

sky,

A.

Fello

w o

f the

Orth

opae

dic

Res

earc

h S

ocie

tyO

rthop

aedi

c R

esea

rch

Soc

iety

(OR

S)

Mar

ch 1

0-13

, 201

8 Ye

s

Ham

mon

d, P

.N

atio

nal A

cade

my

of E

ngin

eerin

gN

atio

nal A

cade

my

of

Eng

inee

ring

2017

No

Ham

mon

d, P

.Fe

rry

Lect

ure

Uni

vers

ity o

f Wis

cons

in20

17N

o

Ham

mon

d, P

.C

ontro

lled

Rel

ease

Soc

iety

(CR

S)

Wom

en in

Sci

ence

2017

No

Ham

mon

d, P

.Aw

ard

in A

pplie

d P

olym

er

Che

mis

tryA

CS

2018

No

John

son,

J.

Nob

el L

aure

ate

Sig

natu

re A

war

d fo

r Gra

duat

e E

duca

tion

in

Che

mis

try

AC

SM

arch

201

8N

o

68

16.C

ENTE

R P

AR

TIC

IPA

NTS

’ HO

NO

RS

AN

D A

WA

RD

SJu

ne 1

, 201

7 to

Apr

il 30

, 201

8

Facu

lty N

ame

Aw

ard

Aw

ardi

ng O

rgan

izat

ion

Aw

ard

Dat

eR

elat

ed to

MR

SEC

?

Ani

keev

a, P

.Th

e Vi

lcek

Priz

e fo

r Cre

ativ

e P

rom

ise

Vilc

ek F

ound

atio

nFe

brua

ry 7

, 201

7Ye

s

Bru

shet

t, F.

Tale

nted

12

Che

mis

tC

hem

ical

& E

ngin

eerin

g N

ews

Aug

ust 2

1. 2

017

No

Bru

shet

t, F.

BA

SF

Volk

swag

en S

cien

ce A

war

d E

lect

roch

emis

try -

Fina

list

BA

SF

- Vol

ksw

agen

Nov

embe

r 28,

201

7N

o

Che

n, G

.To

deri-

Cal

linan

Lec

ture

Uni

vers

ity o

f Pen

nsyl

vani

aO

ctob

er 2

017

No

Com

in, R

.S

loan

Fel

low

ship

Slo

an F

ound

atio

nFe

brua

ry 2

018

No

Com

in, R

.C

anad

ian

Ligh

t Sou

rce

Youn

g In

vest

igat

or A

war

dC

anad

ian

Ligh

t Sou

rce

Mar

ch 2

017

No

Gro

dzin

sky,

A.

2018

OR

S O

utst

andi

ng A

chie

vem

ent i

n M

ento

ring

Awar

dO

rthop

aedi

c R

esea

rch

Soc

iety

(OR

S)

Mar

ch 1

0-13

, 201

8 Ye

s

Gro

dzin

sky,

A.

Fello

w o

f the

Orth

opae

dic

Res

earc

h S

ocie

tyO

rthop

aedi

c R

esea

rch

Soc

iety

(OR

S)

Mar

ch 1

0-13

, 201

8 Ye

s

Ham

mon

d, P

.N

atio

nal A

cade

my

of E

ngin

eerin

gN

atio

nal A

cade

my

of

Eng

inee

ring

2017

No

Ham

mon

d, P

.Fe

rry

Lect

ure

Uni

vers

ity o

f Wis

cons

in20

17N

o

Ham

mon

d, P

.C

ontro

lled

Rel

ease

Soc

iety

(CR

S)

Wom

en in

Sci

ence

2017

No

Ham

mon

d, P

.Aw

ard

in A

pplie

d P

olym

er C

hem

istry

AC

S20

18N

o

John

son,

J.

Nob

el L

aure

ate

Sig

natu

re A

war

d fo

r G

radu

ate

Edu

catio

n in

Che

mis

tryA

CS

Mar

ch 2

018

No

John

son,

J.

Teac

hing

Priz

e fo

r Und

ergr

adua

te

Edu

catio

nM

IT S

choo

l of S

cien

ceD

ecem

ber 2

017

No

Liu,

L.

Will

iam

McM

illan

Aw

ard

Uni

vers

ity o

f illi

nois

at

Urb

ana-

Cha

mpa

ign

Oct

ober

18,

201

7Ye

s

69

16.C

ENTE

R P

AR

TIC

IPA

NTS

’ HO

NO

RS

AN

D A

WA

RD

SJu

ne 1

, 201

7 to

Apr

il 30

, 201

8

Liu,

L.

Inte

rnat

iona

l Uni

on o

f Pur

e an

d A

pplie

d P

hysi

csJu

ly 1

8, 2

018

Yes

Mac

farla

ne, R

.Ju

ly 1

1, 2

017

No

McK

inle

y, G

. M

ay 2

017

No

Rup

p, J

.L.M

.N

ovem

ber,

2017

Yes

Rup

p, J

.L.M

.20

17Ye

s

Rup

p, J

.L.M

.20

17N

o

Rup

p, J

.L.M

.20

17N

o

Soljačić,

M.

Dec

embe

r 4, 2

017

Yes

Soljačić,

M.

Dec

embe

r 4, 2

017

Yes

Inte

rnat

iona

l Uni

on o

f Pu

re a

nd

App

lied

Phys

ics

Youn

g Sci

entis

t Aw

ard

AC

S U

nile

ver A

war

d fo

r Out

stan

ding

Yo

ung

Inve

stig

ator

in C

ollo

id &

S

urfa

ctan

t Sci

ence

Den

Har

tog

Dis

tingu

ishe

d E

duca

tor

Awar

d

Sci

ence

Aw

ard

Ele

ctro

chem

istry

Ele

cted

Mem

ber o

n th

e P

anel

Fut

ure

of

Com

putin

g

App

oint

ed b

oard

mem

ber t

o co

nsul

t for

S

wis

s Fe

dera

l Cou

ncill

or D

oris

Le

utha

rd o

n S

wis

s Fe

dera

l Clim

ate

Pol

icy

for C

O2

tech

nolo

gy in

vest

men

ts

Scr

ipta

Mat

eria

lia O

utst

andi

ng

Rev

iew

er

The

Ord

er o

f the

Cro

atia

n D

ayst

ar,

with

the

imag

e of

Rud

jer B

osko

vic

The

Ord

er o

f the

Cro

atia

n In

terla

ce

Am

eric

an C

hem

ical

Soc

iety

MIT

Mec

hani

cal E

ngin

eerin

g

BA

SF

& V

olks

wag

en

Wor

ld E

cono

mic

For

um

Sw

iss

Fede

ral C

limat

e P

olic

y

Scr

ipta

Mat

eria

lia

The

Pre

side

nt o

f Rep

ublic

of

Cro

atia

The

Pre

side

nt o

f Rep

ublic

of

Cro

atia 70

Inte

llect

ual

Mer

it:

Inco

rpor

atin

g m

ultif

unct

iona

l ca

pabi

litie

s in

3D

obj

ects

has

bee

n th

e ne

w fr

ontie

r of

add

itive

man

ufac

turin

g. F

unda

men

tal c

halle

nges

in

dep

ositi

ng d

iffer

ent

clas

ses

of m

ater

ials

, po

or

inte

rface

qu

ality

be

twee

n m

ater

ials

th

at

do

not

bond

toge

ther

, and

the

diffi

cult

cont

rol o

ver

wet

ting

dyna

mic

s im

pede

the

rea

lizat

ion

of m

ultif

unct

iona

l 3D

-prin

ted

stru

ctur

es.

This

ye

ar,

we

lift

thes

e lim

itatio

ns b

y in

trodu

cing

a n

ew in

k pa

radi

gm o

f a

met

al-in

sula

tor-

sem

icon

duct

or

3D-m

icro

stru

ctur

ed

filam

ent

ink

that

ena

bles

the

qui

ck f

orm

atio

n of

fu

lly-in

tegr

ated

cus

tom

izab

le f

unct

iona

l st

ruct

ures

. K

ey t

o th

e co

nstru

ctio

n of

a s

patia

l lig

ht-e

mitt

ing

3D s

truct

ure

is t

he g

ener

atio

n of

in-

fiber

cap

illar

y br

eaku

p m

icro

sphe

res

that

act

as

pixe

l site

s. H

ere,

w

e de

mon

stra

te th

at c

ondu

ctiv

e m

icro

sphe

res

can

be p

rogr

amm

ably

lase

r-w

ritte

n in

des

ired

posi

tions

to

form

con

nect

ive

inte

rface

s of

hig

h re

solu

tion

-- a

fe

at n

ot p

ossi

ble

with

cur

rent

mul

timat

eria

l prin

ting

syst

ems.

Thi

s ap

proa

ch i

s us

eful

not

onl

y in

3D

pr

intin

g an

d fib

er s

yste

ms

but g

ener

ally

in th

e fie

ld

of m

icro

elec

troni

cs.

2017

Yoel

Fin

k an

d J

ohn

Joan

nopou

los

Mas

sach

uset

ts I

nsti

tute

of

Tech

nolo

gy

IRG

-I H

iera

rchi

cal

3D

-pri

ntin

g of

Int

egra

ted

Mul

tifu

ncti

onal

Str

uctu

res

Fabr

icat

ion

of 3

d-m

icro

stru

ctur

ed fi

lam

ent-i

nks

Cen

ter

for

Mat

eria

ls S

cien

ce a

nd

Eng

inee

ring

DM

R 1

4-1

9807

Figu

res

a-c.

Pro

gram

mab

le l

aser

-indu

ced

capi

llary

for

mat

ion

of

disc

rete

BiS

n pi

xel-s

pher

es.

Prin

ting

3D-m

icro

stru

ctur

ed f

ilam

ents

cr

eate

s 3D

m

acro

stru

ctur

es

capa

ble

of

elec

trica

lly-a

ctiv

ated

(F

igur

e d)

spa

tial l

ight

-em

issi

on a

nd (F

igur

e e)

ligh

t-det

ectio

n.

Loke

, G.,

Yua

n, M

. Rei

n, R

., Ja

in, Y

., Joanno

poulos

, J.D

., an

d Y

. Fink

", "H

iera

rchi

cal 3

D-p

rintin

g of

mul

tifun

ctio

nal i

nteg

rate

d sy

stem

s by

des

igna

ble

3D-m

icro

stru

ctur

ed fi

lam

ents

, " in

pre

para

tion.

71

2017

Bro

ader

Im

pact

: H

avin

g th

is

abili

ty

to

prin

t a

dive

rse

set

of

3D-m

icro

stru

ctur

ed

filam

ent-i

nks

offe

rs o

ppor

tuni

ties

tow

ards

the

for

mat

ion

of 3

D

obje

cts

with

a m

ultit

ude

of d

iffer

ent

func

tiona

litie

s.

For

inst

ance

, ut

ilizi

ng m

icro

-sha

ped

opto

elec

troni

c fil

amen

ts a

s th

e pr

int

ink,

hig

h-re

solu

tion

spat

ial

light

-em

ittin

g (F

igur

e a-

c)

and

light

de

tect

ing

capa

bilit

ies

(Fig

ure

d-h)

ca

n be

eq

uipp

ed

into

cu

stom

izab

le p

rinte

d ob

ject

s, r

ende

ring

appl

icat

ions

in

opt

ics

and

inte

rnet

-of t

hing

s. L

ooki

ng a

head

, our

pr

int a

ppro

ach

can

also

be

impl

emen

ted

on a

who

le

host

of

de

sign

able

3D

-stru

ctur

ed

mul

timat

eria

l fil

amen

ts

such

as

th

ose

with

to

uch-

sens

ing

or

actu

atin

g fu

nctio

nalit

ies

whi

ch c

an b

e pr

inte

d in

to

usef

ul p

rodu

cts

for r

obot

ics.

3D s

truc

ture

s w

ith s

patia

l dev

ice

prop

ertie

s

Cen

ter

for

Mat

eria

ls S

cien

ce a

nd

Eng

inee

ring

DM

R 1

4-1

9807

IRG

-I H

iera

rchi

cal

3D

-pri

ntin

g of

Int

egra

ted

Mul

tifu

ncti

onal

Str

uctu

res

Yoel

Fin

k an

d J

ohn

Joan

nopou

los

Mas

sach

uset

ts I

nsti

tute

of

Tech

nolo

gy

Figu

re a

. A m

eter

-long

fila

men

t with

pix

elat

ed li

ght e

mitt

ers

insi

de; a

cy

linde

r pr

inte

d fro

m

this

fil

amen

t. Fi

gure

s b,

c. L

ight

em

itted

ar

ound

the

prin

ted

cylin

der.

Figu

re d

. A

com

plex

prin

ted

patte

rn

with

ful

ly-c

onne

cted

mic

rosc

ale

sens

ing

elem

ents

, al

low

ing

light

de

tect

ion

thro

ugh

mea

sure

men

t of

pho

tocu

rren

t fro

m t

he c

urre

nt-

volta

ge c

urve

s in

Fig

ure

e. F

igur

e f.

A c

lose

d sp

here

cap

able

of

omni

-dire

ctio

nally

and

loca

lly d

etec

ting

light

impi

nged

at a

ny p

oint

of

its s

urfa

ce (

Figu

re

g) th

roug

h on

ly 2

pho

tocu

rren

t mea

sure

men

ts

(i 1 a

nd i 2

). Fi

gure

h C

orre

spon

ding

rec

onst

ruct

ion

of b

oth

the

3D

sphe

re a

nd d

etec

ted

light

loc

atio

ns

Loke

, G.,

Yua

n, M

. Rei

n, R

., Ja

in, Y

., Jo

anno

poul

os, J

.D.,

and

Y.

Fink

", "H

iera

rchi

cal 3

D-p

rintin

g of

mul

tifun

ctio

nal i

nteg

rate

d sy

stem

s by

des

igna

ble

3D-m

icro

stru

ctur

ed fi

lam

ents

, " in

pre

para

tion.

72

IRG

-I A

New

Hig

h-ef

ficie

ncy

Reg

ime

for G

as

Phas

e Te

rahe

rtz

Lase

rs

Inte

llect

ual

Mer

it:

Opt

ical

ly

pum

ped

far-

infra

red

(OP

FIR

) la

sers

are

one

of

the

mos

t po

wer

ful

cont

inuo

us-w

ave

THz

sour

ces.

How

ever

, suc

h la

sers

hav

e lo

ng b

een

thou

ght

to h

ave

intri

nsic

ally

low

effi

cien

cy a

nd l

arge

si

zes.

M

oreo

ver,

all

prev

ious

th

eore

tical

mod

els

faile

d to

pre

dict

eve

n qu

alita

tivel

y th

e ex

perim

enta

l per

form

ance

at h

igh

pres

sure

s.

MIT

MR

SE

C r

esea

rche

rs h

ave

deve

lope

d a

new

mod

el th

at c

aptu

res

near

ly th

e fu

ll ph

ysic

s of

the

lasi

ng p

roce

ss a

nd c

orre

ctly

pre

dict

s th

e be

havi

or

in

the

high

-pre

ssur

e re

gim

e. Va

lidat

ed

agai

nst

expe

rimen

ts,

the

mod

el sh

ows

that

nea

rly a

ll pr

evio

us O

PFI

R l

aser

s w

ere

oper

atin

g in

the

wro

ng r

egim

e, a

nd t

hat

10x

grea

ter

effi

cien

cy

is

poss

ible

by

re

desi

gnin

g th

e TH

z ca

vity

with

100

0x s

mal

ler

volu

me.

2017

Cen

ter

for

Mat

eria

ls S

cien

ce a

nd

Eng

inee

ring

DM

R 1

4-1

9807

John

Joa

nnop

oulo

s, S

teve

n G

. Jo

hnso

n, a

nd M

arin

Sol

jačić

M

assa

chus

etts

Ins

titu

te o

f Te

chno

logy

Sch

emat

ics

of t

he c

ompa

ct O

PFI

R la

ser

cavi

ty.

The

cavi

ty is

a c

oppe

r tub

e w

ith a

mov

able

bac

k w

all u

sed

to tu

ne th

e ca

vity

freq

uenc

y to

mat

ch

the

lase

r ga

in, p

umpe

d w

ith a

n IR

lase

r th

roug

h a

pinh

ole

in t

he f

ront

win

dow

. 13

CH

3F m

olec

ule

gas

is fi

lled

in th

e ca

vity

.

Wan

g, F

. , L

ee, J

., P

hilli

ps, D

.J.,

Hol

liday

, S.G

., C

hua,

S.L

., B

ravo

-A

bad,

B.-A

., Joanno

poulos

, J.D

., So

ljacic,

M., John

son,

S.G

., an

d E

verit

t, H

.O..

“A n

ew h

igh-

effic

ienc

y re

gim

e fo

r gas

pha

se te

rahe

rtz

lase

rs: E

xper

imen

t and

ab-

initi

o th

eory

.” un

der s

ubm

issi

on.

73

2017 B

road

er Im

pact

: With

the

abili

ty to

mod

el th

e fu

ll ph

ysic

s of

O

PF

IR

lase

rs ac

cura

tely,

man

y fu

rther

dis

cove

ries

awai

t th

e ex

tens

ion

of th

ese

appr

oach

es to

new

ga

ses

and

new

ca

vity

de

sign

s.

For

exam

ple,

ev

en

mor

e co

mpa

ct

OP

FIR

lase

rs c

an b

e bu

ilt b

y re

plac

ing

the

larg

e-si

ze

CO

2 pu

mp

lase

r w

ith

quan

tum

casc

ade

lase

r. In

add

ition

, th

e fre

quen

cy

tuna

bilit

y of

the

qua

ntum

cas

cade

las

er m

akes

it p

ossi

ble

to a

chie

ve m

ultip

le la

ser

lines

with

in o

ne c

ompa

ct O

PFI

R la

ser. IRG

-I A

New

Hig

h-ef

ficie

ncy

Reg

ime

for G

as

Phas

e Te

rahe

rtz

Lase

rs

Cen

ter

for

Mat

eria

ls S

cien

ce a

nd

Eng

inee

ring

DM

R 1

4-1

9807

Tota

l qu

antu

m

effic

ienc

y (Q

E)

of

com

mer

cial

O

PFI

R

lase

rs a

nd o

ur M

anle

y—R

owe

com

pact

OP

FIR

las

er,

norm

aliz

ed b

y th

e (M

R)

limit

on Q

E.

The

expe

rimen

tally

de

mon

stra

ted

lase

r ach

ieve

s a

QE

that

is 2

9% o

f the

MR

lim

it w

hich

im

prov

es t

o 39

% a

fter

cavi

ty o

ptim

izat

ion.

B

oth

are

10x

bette

r tha

n th

e be

st c

omm

erci

al la

ser a

t the

sa

me

frequ

ency

, whi

le b

eing

100

0x s

mal

ler.

John

Joa

nnop

oulo

s, S

teve

n G

. Jo

hnso

n, a

nd M

arin

Sol

jačić

M

assa

chus

etts

Ins

titu

te o

f Te

chno

logy

Wan

g, F

. , L

ee, J

., P

hilli

ps, D

.J.,

Hol

liday

, S.G

., C

hua,

S.L

., B

ravo

-A

bad,

B.-A

., Joanno

poulos

, J.D

., So

ljačić,

M., John

son,

S.G

., an

d E

verit

t, H

.O..

“A n

ew h

igh-

effic

ienc

y re

gim

e fo

r gas

pha

se te

rahe

rtz

lase

rs: E

xper

imen

t and

ab-

initi

o th

eory

.” un

der s

ubm

issi

on.

74

IRG

-II H

ow M

ucus

Kee

ps Y

ou H

ealth

y

Inte

llect

ual M

erit:

Wor

k fro

m R

ibbe

ck, M

cKin

ley

and

Rub

inst

ein

(UN

C C

hape

l Hill

) pr

ovid

es n

ew

insi

ght a

nd m

etho

dolo

gy fo

r st

udyi

ng th

e st

ruct

ure

of c

ompl

ex b

iolo

gica

l ge

ls w

ith n

umer

ous

leng

th sc

ales

, usi

ng m

ucin

s, th

e ge

l-for

min

g po

lym

ers

in m

ucus

, as

a

mod

el

syst

em.

A co

mbi

natio

n of

mac

rorh

eolo

gy

and

sing

le-p

artic

le

track

ing

was

us

ed

to

inve

stig

ate

the

bulk

an

d m

icro

scop

ic m

echa

nica

l pr

oper

ties

of r

econ

stitu

ted

MU

C5A

C m

ucin

ge

ls.

In

parti

cula

r, it

was

sh

own

that

mac

rosc

opic

stif

feni

ng o

f M

UC

5AC

gel

s ca

n be

br

ough

t ab

out

in

diffe

rent

w

ays

by

targ

etin

g sp

ecifi

c as

soci

atio

ns

with

in

the

netw

ork

usin

g en

viro

nmen

tal

trigg

ers

such

as

mod

ifica

tions

to

the

pH,

surfa

ctan

t, an

d sa

lt co

ncen

tratio

n. T

his

wor

k is

im

port

ant

for

unde

rsta

ndin

g ho

w en

viro

nmen

tal

fact

ors

alte

r th

e m

echa

nica

l pr

oper

ties

of

muc

us,

and

likel

y ot

her

natu

ral

hydr

ogel

s w

ith s

imila

r as

soci

atio

n m

echa

nism

s as

m

ucin

s.

Insi

ght

from

th

is

wor

k al

so

sugg

est

stra

tegi

es fo

r pol

ymer

and

cro

sslin

k ch

emis

tries

to

gene

rate

hig

hly

resp

onsi

ve h

ydro

gels

.

2017

Wag

ner,

C.E

., Tu

rner

, B.S

., R

ubin

stei

n, M

., M

cKin

ley,

G.H

., R

ibbe

ck,

K. “

A rh

eolo

gica

l stu

dy o

f the

ass

ocia

tion

and

dyna

mic

s of

MU

C5A

C

gels

.” Biomacromolecules

, 13

18(1

1):

3654

-366

4, 2

017.

Figu

re 1

: Th

e st

iffne

ss o

f m

ucus

can

be

mod

ified

by

targ

etin

g di

ffere

nt

asso

ciat

ive

grou

ps

on

the

muc

in

mol

ecul

es.

By

perfo

rmin

g bo

th

mic

ro-

and

mac

ro-

rheo

logi

cal

mea

sure

men

ts

on

thes

e ge

ls,

addi

tiona

l in

sigh

t in

to t

he s

truct

ural

rea

rran

gem

ents

lea

ding

to

the

obse

rved

diff

eren

ces

in t

he b

ulk

mec

hani

cal

prop

ertie

s (s

uch

as h

eter

ogen

eity

) can

be

infe

rred

.

Kat

hari

na R

ibbec

k an

d G

arre

th M

cKin

ley

Mas

sach

uset

ts I

nsti

tute

of

Tech

nolo

gy

Cen

ter

for

Mat

eria

ls S

cien

ce a

nd

Eng

inee

ring

DM

R 1

4-1

9807

75

2017 B

road

er I

mpa

ct:

Muc

us is

one

ess

entia

l bi

olog

ical

ge

l th

at

coat

s al

l th

e w

et

surfa

ces

in t

he h

uman

bod

y, p

rovi

ding

a

sele

ctiv

e ba

rrie

r th

at a

llow

s nu

trien

ts a

nd

info

rmat

ion

in

whi

le

keep

ing

path

ogen

s ou

t. D

espi

te

its

impo

rtanc

e fo

r he

alth

, th

ere

is

the

gene

ral

lack

of

pu

blic

ally

av

aila

ble

scie

ntifi

c in

form

atio

n on

cru

cial

fa

cets

of

muc

us f

unct

ions

. To

geth

er w

ith

STA

T (B

osto

n G

lobe

Med

ia)

we

prod

uced

an

ed

ucat

iona

l vi

deo

that

ou

tline

s th

e fu

nctio

ns o

f muc

us in

the

cont

ext o

f hea

lth

and

dise

ase.

It a

lso

show

s us

in in

act

ion

at

a ha

nds-

on

wor

ksho

p on

po

lym

er

scie

nce

for

child

ren

orga

nize

d by

m

y gr

oup

at th

e B

osto

n M

useu

m o

f Sci

ence

in

Aug

ust 2

017.

A sc

ene

from

Pro

f. R

ibbe

ck’s

pol

ymer

sci

ence

for c

hild

ren

wor

ksho

p in

her

onl

ine

vide

o “M

ucus

Is th

e U

nsun

g he

ro o

f the

H

uman

Bod

y”

http

s://w

ww

.you

tube

.com

/wat

ch?v

=uYu

Pra

nLS

1k#a

ctio

n=sh

are

Cen

ter

for

Mat

eria

ls S

cien

ce a

nd

Eng

inee

ring

DM

R 1

4-1

9807

IRG

-II H

ow M

ucus

Kee

ps Y

ou H

ealth

y

Kat

hari

na R

ibbec

k an

d G

arre

th M

cKin

ley

Mas

sach

uset

ts I

nsti

tute

of

Tech

nolo

gy

76

IRG

-II

Fir

st M

easu

rem

ent

of B

ond D

isso

ciat

ion

Dur

ing

She

ar i

n a

Tran

sien

t N

etw

ork

Inte

llect

ual M

erit:

Ols

en a

nd H

olte

n-A

nder

sen

have

dev

elop

ed a

new

too

l to

sim

ulta

neou

sly

mea

sure

rh

eolo

gy

and

fluor

esce

nce

from

hydr

ogel

mat

eria

ls.

The

y ha

ve c

onst

ruct

ed

tran

sien

t po

lym

er

netw

orks

w

here

bo

nds

fluor

esce

onl

y in

the

diss

ocia

ted

stat

e an

d bu

ilt a

rheo

-fluo

resc

ence

app

arat

us t

o qu

antif

y th

is ef

fect

in s

hear

. Whe

n th

e ge

ls a

re s

tudi

ed w

ith

stea

dy s

hear

exp

erim

ents

, th

e fra

ctio

n of

fre

e bo

nds

incr

ease

s st

eadi

ly

with

in

crea

sing

D

ebor

ah n

umbe

r. H

owev

er,

the

fract

ion

of di

ssoc

iate

d bo

nds

rem

ains

qui

te lo

w, l

ess

than

0.

1%.

In

cont

rast

, m

any

trans

ient

net

wor

k th

eorie

s pr

edic

t tha

t the

frac

tion

of d

isso

ciat

ed

bond

s sh

ould

be

subs

tant

ially

larg

er th

an 1

0%,

mor

e th

an t

wo

orde

rs o

f m

agni

tude

diff

eren

t. Th

eref

ore,

thi

s ne

w m

easu

rem

ent

prov

ides

a

pow

erfu

l m

eans

to

di

ffere

ntia

te

betw

een

trans

ient

net

wor

k th

eorie

s, m

ovin

g fo

rwar

d th

e st

ate

of fu

ndam

enta

l kno

wle

dge

in a

ssoc

iativ

e po

lym

er d

esig

n.

2017

Gra

ph s

how

ing

the

fract

ion

of d

isso

cate

d bo

nds

as a

func

tion

of th

e D

ebor

ah n

umbe

r in

stea

dy s

hear

. Th

e nu

mbe

r of

diss

ocia

ted

bond

s in

crea

ses

with

she

ar a

s ex

pect

ed, b

ut th

e ab

solu

te n

umbe

r is

muc

h lo

wer

than

pre

dict

ed b

y m

ost

trans

ient

net

wor

k th

eorie

s.

Bra

dle

y O

lsen

and

Nie

ls H

olte

n-A

nder

sen

Mas

sach

uset

ts I

nsti

tute

of

Tech

nolo

gy

Cen

ter

for

Mat

eria

ls S

cien

ce a

nd

Eng

inee

ring

DM

R 1

4-1

9807

77

IRG

-II

The

Gel

s, E

last

omer

s, a

nd N

etw

orks

E

xper

ienc

e (G

EN

E)

2017 B

road

er

Impa

ct:

Dur

ing

the

sprin

g of

20

18,

Ols

en c

o-or

gani

zed

the

Am

eric

an

Phy

sica

l S

ocie

ty

Div

isio

n of

P

olym

er

Phy

sics

sho

rt co

urse

ent

itled

the

Gel

s,

Ela

stom

ers,

an

d N

etw

orks

E

xper

ienc

e (G

EN

E)

with

Pro

f. C

osta

ntin

o C

reto

n fro

m

ES

PC

I. T

his

cour

se e

xten

ded

for

two

days

. T

he fi

rst d

ay c

over

ed a

n ad

vanc

ed

intro

duct

ory

treat

men

t of p

olym

er g

els

and

netw

orks

, inc

ludi

ng c

hem

istry

, mec

hani

cs,

fract

ure,

and

tra

nsie

nt n

etw

ork

phys

ics.

Th

e se

cond

day

cov

ered

adv

ance

d to

pics

in

clud

ing

resp

onsi

ve

netw

orks

, ne

twor

k to

polo

gy, t

heor

y, a

nd c

ontro

l ove

r ne

twor

k to

ughn

ess.

Th

e cl

ass

was

co-

taug

ht b

y 11

ex

pert

inst

ruct

ors

from

ac

ross

th

e un

ited

stat

es (i

nclu

ding

Ols

en a

nd C

reto

n)

and

atte

nded

by

mor

e th

an 7

5 st

uden

ts

repr

esen

ting

a cr

oss-

sect

ion

of g

radu

ate

stud

ents

, po

stdo

cs,

youn

g fa

culty

, an

d in

dust

rial g

uest

s P

hoto

of

O

lsen

an

d C

reto

n ou

tsid

e th

e le

ctur

e ro

om o

f the

sho

rt co

urse

.

Bra

dle

y O

lsen

M

assa

chus

etts

Ins

titu

te o

f Te

chno

logy

Cen

ter

for

Mat

eria

ls S

cien

ce a

nd

Eng

inee

ring

DM

R 1

4-1

9807

78

Cen

ter

for

Mat

eria

ls S

cien

ce a

nd

Eng

inee

ring

DM

R 1

4-1

9807

Inte

llect

ual

Mer

it:

The

mag

netic

an

d al

ectro

nic

prop

ertie

s of

per

ovsk

ite-s

truct

ured

o

xid

es

de

pe

nd

crit

ica

lly

on

the

irm

icro

stru

ctur

e, s

train

sta

te a

nd d

efec

t le

vel,

and

thes

e ar

e af

fect

ed

by

the

grow

thco

nditi

ons

and

subs

trate

, al

low

ing

grea

tla

titud

e fo

r con

trolli

ng th

e m

ater

ial p

rope

rties

.

Her

e, S

rTi 0.

7Co 0

.3O

3-δ

(STC

o) fi

lms

of v

aryi

ng

thic

knes

ses

wer

e gr

own

on

SrT

iO3

(001

) su

bstra

tes

usin

g pu

lsed

lase

r dep

ositi

on. T

he

STC

o fil

ms

grew

with

the

ir cr

ysta

l st

ruct

ure

mat

chin

g th

at o

f th

e st

ubst

rate

, bu

t ab

ove

a ce

rtain

th

ickn

ess,

a

new

st

rain

-rel

ievi

ng

mec

hani

sm w

as o

bser

ved

in w

hich

STC

o cr

ysta

ls o

f a

new

orie

ntat

ion

form

with

in t

he

STC

o m

atrix

. Th

e cr

ysta

l st

ruct

ure,

st

rain

st

ate

and

mag

netic

pr

oper

ties

vary

as

a

func

tion

of f

ilm t

hick

ness

. B

oth

the

mag

netic

m

omen

t an

d th

e co

erci

vity

sho

w m

axim

a at

th

e cr

itica

l th

ickn

ess

just

bef

ore

the

seco

nd

orie

ntat

ion

form

s, w

here

the

stra

in a

nd d

efec

t le

vel a

re h

ighe

st.

A tra

nsm

issi

on e

lect

ron

mic

rogr

aph

of th

e S

TCo

film

sho

win

g th

e tri

angu

lar r

egio

ns o

f the

sec

ond

orie

ntat

ion,

whi

ch fo

rm o

nce

the

film

is

abou

t 100

nm

thic

k. A

lso

show

n in

the

mag

netic

hys

tere

sis,

indi

catin

g th

at th

e m

ater

ial i

s m

agne

tized

out

of p

lane

. Its

mag

netic

mom

ent i

s m

axim

um a

t the

crit

ical

thic

knes

s, w

hen

the

seco

nd o

rient

atio

n cr

ysta

ls

star

t to

form

, the

n de

crea

ses

as s

train

is re

laxe

d.

2017

Tang

, A

., O

nbas

li, M

., S

un,

X.,

Ros

s, C

“Th

ickn

ess-

depe

nden

t do

uble

ep

itaxi

al g

row

th i

n stra

ined

SrT

i 0.7C

o 0.3

O3-δ

film

s.” A

pplie

d M

ater

ials

and

In

terfa

ces,

10(

8): 7

469-

7475

, 201

8.

Car

olin

e A

. R

oss

Mas

sach

uset

ts I

nsti

tute

of

Tech

nolo

gy

IRG

-III

Mic

rost

ruct

ure

and M

agne

tic

Tuni

ng i

n O

xyge

n-D

efic

ient

Sr(

Ti,

Co)

O3-δ

79

Cen

ter

for

Mat

eria

ls S

cien

ce a

nd

Eng

inee

ring

DM

R 1

4-1

9807

2017

Bro

ader

Im

pact

s:

Und

erst

andi

ng

how

st

rain

, de

fect

s an

d m

agne

tic p

rope

rties

are

cou

pled

in

pero

vski

te

film

s w

ill

allo

w

us

to

desi

gn

and

proc

ess

mat

eria

ls fo

r app

licat

ions

in m

emor

y an

d lo

gic

devi

ces,

su

ch

as

elec

trica

lly

switc

hed

mag

netic

mem

ory.

Rec

ent m

easu

rem

ents

of i

onic

liq

uid

gatin

g an

d an

neal

ing

of th

ese

mag

netic

ally

-su

bsti

tute

d pe

rovs

kite

s sh

ows

that

th

e m

agne

tism

can

be

mod

ulat

ed b

y ch

angi

ng t

he

oxyg

en c

onte

nt.

Ther

efor

e w

e m

ay b

e ab

le t

o de

sign

a m

emor

y ce

ll in

whi

ch o

xyge

n is

pum

ped

in o

r ou

t of

the

mag

netic

lay

er,

and

its s

tate

is

mea

sure

d vi

a its

mag

netic

pro

perti

es.

The

form

atio

n of

the

sec

ond

orie

ntat

ion

(cal

led

doub

le e

pita

xy)

is e

xpec

ted

to i

nflu

ence

oth

er

impo

rtan

t pe

rovs

kite

pr

oper

ties

incl

udin

g fe

rroe

lect

ricity

, pi

ezoe

lect

ricity

, an

d th

erm

al

or

elec

troni

c co

nduc

tivity

. Mor

eove

r, it

prov

ides

film

s co

ntai

ning

wel

l-def

ined

int

erfa

ces

orie

nted

at

an

angl

e to

the

film

pla

ne,

whi

ch m

ay b

e us

eful

in

stud

ies

of tr

ansp

ort a

nd o

ther

pro

perti

es.

Mag

netic

pro

perti

es o

f S

TCo

as a

func

tion

of

thic

knes

s, s

how

ing

a m

axim

um i

n co

erci

vity

an

d m

agne

tizat

ion

at

the

poin

t whe

re th

e se

cond

orie

ntat

ion

nucl

eate

s.

Oxi

dizi

ng th

e S

TCo

rem

oves

its

mag

netic

pr

oper

ties,

but

redu

cing

it

brin

gs th

em b

ack.

Th

is s

how

s ho

w th

e m

agne

tism

dep

ends

on

the

defe

ct

conc

entra

tion.

Car

olin

e A

. R

oss

Mas

sach

uset

ts I

nsti

tute

of

Tech

nolo

gy

IRG

-III

Mic

rost

ruct

ure

and M

agne

tic

Tuni

ng i

n O

xyge

n-D

efic

ient

Sr(

Ti,

Co)

O3-δ

Tang

, A.,

Onb

asli,

M.,

Sun

, X.,

Ros

s, C

“Thi

ckne

ss-d

epen

dent

do

uble

epi

taxi

al g

row

th in

stra

ined

SrT

i0.7

Co0

.3O

3-δ

film

s.”

App

lied

Mat

eria

ls a

nd In

terfa

ces,

10(

8): 7

469-

7475

, 201

8.

80

IRG

-III

Str

ong

Ele

ctri

c Fi

elds

Tune

the

Sta

bil

ity

of

Ion

ic D

efec

ts i

n O

xides

Bil

ge Y

ildiz

and

Kry

styn

Van

Vli

et

Mas

sach

uset

ts I

nsti

tute

of

Tech

nolo

gy

Cen

ter

for

Mat

eria

ls S

cien

ce a

nd

Eng

inee

ring

DM

R 1

4-1

9807

Inte

llect

ual

Mer

it: N

o ce

ram

ic c

ryst

al i

s pe

rfec

t, an

d st

ruct

ural

im

perf

ectio

ns

incl

udin

g po

int

defe

cts

are

resp

onsi

ble

for

man

y te

chno

logi

cally

des

irabl

e pr

oper

ties

of c

eram

ics.

App

licat

ions

suc

h as

mod

ern

com

pute

r m

emor

ies

rely

on

co

ntro

lling

de

fect

s in

side

a c

ryst

al b

y ex

posi

ng t

hem

to

larg

e el

ectri

c fie

lds.

Hig

h fie

ld e

ffect

s on

de

fect

ive

crys

tals

, ho

wev

er,

rem

ain

chal

leng

ing

to c

ontro

l and

add

ress

.

MIT

M

RS

EC

re

se

arc

he

rs

ha

ve

dem

onst

rate

d th

at s

trong

ele

ctric

fiel

ds c

an

tune

th

e st

abili

ty

of

ioni

c de

fect

s in

se

mic

ondu

ctin

g or

in

sula

ting

oxid

es.

Com

bini

ng d

ensi

ty f

unct

iona

l th

eory

and

th

e m

oder

n th

eory

of

po

lariz

atio

n,

they

w

ere

able

to

fo

rmul

ate

and

pred

ict

the

effe

ct o

f el

ectri

c fie

lds

on c

harg

ed d

efec

ts

in o

xide

s. B

y ap

plyi

ng t

his

appr

oach

to

sim

ple

bina

ry o

xide

s, t

hey

eluc

idat

ed t

he

rich

ther

mod

ynam

ics

unde

rlyin

g th

e fre

e en

ergy

land

scap

e of

oxy

gen

vaca

ncie

s.

Figu

re 1

. Vis

ualiz

atio

ns o

f the

cha

rge

dens

ity o

f the

two

elec

trons

tra

pped

in a

n ox

ygen

vac

ancy

at z

ero

field

in (a

) MgO

, (b)

CaO

, (c)

SrO

, an

d (d

) BaO

. Sim

ilar v

isua

lizat

ions

at a

fiel

d of

22

MV

/cm

in th

e +x

di

rect

ion

are

show

n fo

r (e)

MgO

, (f),

CaO

, (g)

SrO

, and

(h) B

aO. R

ed,

blue

, cya

n, g

reen

, and

gre

y sp

here

s re

pres

ent O

, Mg,

Ca,

Sr,

and

Ba

ions

, res

pect

ivel

y.

2017

Yous

sef,

M.,

Van

Vlie

t, K

.J a

nd Y

ildiz

, B. “

Pol

ariz

ing

oxyg

en

vaca

ncie

s in

insu

latin

g m

etal

oxi

des

unde

r hig

h el

ectri

c fie

ld.”

Phy

sica

l Rev

iew

Let

ters

, 119

, 126

002,

201

7.

81

Cen

ter

for

Mat

eria

ls S

cien

ce a

nd

Eng

inee

ring

DM

R 1

4-1

9807

2017 B

road

er I

mpa

cts:

The

abi

lity

to p

redi

ct

elec

tric

field

ef

fect

s in

se

mic

ondu

ctin

g ox

ides

will

gui

de t

he d

esig

n of

opt

imal

co

nditi

ons

to p

rom

ote

desi

rabl

e fo

rms

of

elec

troni

c an

d io

nic

defe

cts

in e

lect

roni

c or

e

lect

roch

em

ica

l a

pp

lica

tio

ns.

F

or

exam

ple,

ac

coun

ting

for

elec

tric

field

ef

fect

s is

ne

cess

ary

for

a be

tter

un

ders

tand

ing

and

mod

elin

g of

th

e pe

rfor

man

ce

of

ultr

a-fa

st,

low

-ene

rgy

red

ox

ba

sed

me

mri

stiv

e d

evi

ce

perfo

rman

ce,

as w

ell a

s of

pho

to-e

lect

ro-

chem

ical

en

ergy

co

nver

sion

de

vice

s to

pr

oduc

e cl

ean

fuel

s.

In

addi

tion

, a

dva

nce

me

nts

in

e

lect

roca

lori

c re

frige

ratio

n an

d fie

ld

assi

sted

ce

ram

ic

sint

erin

g w

ill

bene

fit

from

ac

cura

te

theo

ries

of h

ow e

lect

ric f

ield

s re

dist

ribut

e an

d m

ove

ioni

c de

fect

s in

re

late

d m

ater

ials

.

IRG

-III

Str

ong

Ele

ctri

c Fi

elds

Tune

the

Sta

bil

ity

of

Ion

ic D

efec

ts i

n O

xides

Yous

sef,

M.,

Van

Vlie

t, K

.J. a

nd Y

ildiz

, B. “

Pol

ariz

ing

oxyg

en

vaca

ncie

s in

insu

latin

g m

etal

oxi

des

unde

r hig

h el

ectri

c fie

ld.”

Phy

sica

l Rev

iew

Let

ters

, 119

, 126

002,

201

7.

Figu

re 2

. A re

sist

ive

switc

hing

mem

ory,

a ty

pe m

emris

tor;

oxyg

en v

acan

cies

gen

erat

ed th

roug

h re

dox

mec

hani

sm u

nder

hi

gh e

lect

ric fi

elds

, hig

h n-

type

ele

ctro

nic

cond

uctio

n lo

caliz

ed

near

oxy

gen

vaca

ncy

filam

ents

Figu

re 3

. A p

hoto

-ele

ctro

-che

mic

al s

olar

hyd

roge

n pr

oduc

tion

reac

tor b

ased

on

elec

trode

sys

tem

s si

mila

r to

flat-p

late

ph

otov

olta

ic p

anel

shttp

s://e

nerg

y.go

v/ee

re/fu

elce

lls/h

ydro

gen-

prod

uctio

n-ph

otoe

lect

roch

emic

al-w

ater

-spl

ittin

g). T

echn

olog

ies

that

util

ize

larg

e el

ectri

c fie

lds

incl

ude

mem

ristiv

e m

emor

ies

and

logi

c, p

hoto

-el

ectro

-che

mic

al h

ydro

gen

prod

uctio

n de

vice

s,

elec

troca

loric

refri

gera

tion,

an

d fie

ld a

ssis

ted

sint

erin

g of

cer

amic

s.

Bil

ge Y

ildiz

and

Kry

styn

Van

Vli

et

Mas

sach

uset

ts I

nsti

tute

of

Tech

nolo

gy

82

SE

ED

Dir

ect

Dep

osit

ion

of C

atal

ysts

on

Por

ous

Met

alli

c Fo

ams

for

Eff

icie

nt C

O2

Ele

ctro

reduc

tion

2017

Inte

llect

ual

Mer

it: E

nerg

y-ef

ficie

nt u

pgra

ding

of

carb

on d

ioxi

de (

CO

2) t

o ca

rbon

mon

oxid

e (C

O)

has

the

pote

ntia

l to

m

itiga

te

anth

ropo

geni

c em

issi

ons

and

supp

ort

near

-ter

m

prof

its.

Indu

stria

l ele

ctro

lysi

s of

gas

eous

rea

ctan

ts,

such

as

fo

r C

O2

redu

ctio

n,

requ

ires

poro

us

gas

diffu

sion

el

ectr

odes

(G

DE

s)

to

obta

in

high

co

nver

sion

rat

es.

Dev

elop

ing

dura

ble

elec

trode

s th

at

are

c

ap

ab

le

of

op

tim

izin

g th

e el

ectro

chem

ical

ly a

ctiv

e su

rface

are

a is

cru

cial

for

econ

omic

feas

ibili

ty.

Ele

ctro

de t

estin

g in

a c

usto

m-b

uilt,

con

tinuo

us-

flow

, el

ectro

lyze

r re

veal

ed

that

m

ulti-

day

CO

2 el

ectro

lysi

s on

a

carb

on-s

uppo

rted

gold

(A

u)

nano

parti

cle

cata

lyst

ach

ieve

s co

nsis

tent

ly >

85%

fa

rada

ic

effic

ienc

y to

war

ds

the

CO

2 re

duct

ion

over

th

e un

desi

red

hydr

ogen

(H

2)

evol

utio

n;

how

ever

, th

e ov

eral

l cu

rren

t de

crea

ses

due

to

grad

ual

elec

trode

flo

odin

g lin

ked

to e

lect

roly

te

pene

tratio

n in

to th

e po

rous

GD

E.

Futu

re w

ork

will

fo

cus

on e

ngin

eerin

g el

ectro

des

that

max

imiz

e ca

pilla

ry p

ress

ure

enab

ling

stab

le o

pera

tion

at

high

gas

-liqu

id p

ress

ure

diffe

renc

es.

Left:

Gol

d (A

u) c

atal

yst

laye

r be

twee

n a

poro

us c

arbo

n ga

s di

ffusi

on

elec

trode

(GD

E) t

hat d

istri

bute

s ga

ses

and

a flo

win

g el

ectro

lyte

stre

am th

at

enab

les

inte

grat

ion

of a

ref

eren

ce e

lect

rode

into

the

cell.

Whi

le h

igh

CO

:H2

sele

ctiv

ities

are

mai

ntai

ned

for

50 h

ours

, ov

er t

ime

the

liqui

d el

ectro

lyte

flo

ods

the

GD

E h

ampe

ring

reac

tant

tra

nspo

rt to

the

act

ive

site

s an

d re

duce

d el

ectro

de p

erfo

rman

ce.

Top

right

: Fa

rada

ic e

ffici

ency

tow

ards

fo

rmin

g C

O i

s in

itial

ly g

reat

er t

han

90%

with

onl

y sl

ight

dec

ay o

ver

the

cour

se o

f the

exp

erim

ent.

Bot

tom

rig

ht: T

he c

urre

nt d

ensi

ty fa

des

from

25

mA

/cm

2 to

10 m

A/c

m2 .

Fiki

le R

. B

rush

ett

Mas

sach

uset

ts I

nsti

tute

of

Tech

nolo

gy

Bro

wn,

S.M

., Le

onar

d, M

.E.*

, and

Bru

shet

t, F.

R. “

Dev

elop

men

t an

d va

lidat

ion

of a

mic

roflu

idic

pla

tform

for c

atal

yst /

ele

ctro

de

char

acte

rizat

ion

for e

lect

roch

emic

al c

arbo

n di

oxid

e re

duct

ion”

, in

prep

.

Cen

ter

for

Mat

eria

ls S

cien

ce a

nd

Eng

inee

ring

DM

R 1

4-1

9807

83

2017

Bro

ader

Impa

ct:

The

rapi

dly

decr

easi

ng c

ost

of

win

d an

d so

lar

elec

tric

ity

gene

ratio

n co

uple

d w

ith g

row

ing

glob

al c

onse

nsus

on

the

impo

rtanc

e of

clim

ate

chan

ge a

re m

otiv

atin

g th

e el

ectri

ficat

ion

of th

e ch

emic

al in

dust

ry.

The

ener

gy-e

ffici

ent e

lect

roch

emic

al r

educ

tion

of c

arbo

n di

oxid

e (C

O2)

to

carb

on m

onox

ide

(CO

), an

im

porta

nt p

recu

rsor

for

com

mod

ity

che

mic

als

a

nd

fue

ls,

can

mit

iga

te

anth

ropo

geni

c ca

rbon

em

issi

ons,

util

ize

CO

2 as

an

in

expe

nsiv

e fe

edst

ock,

an

d st

ore

inte

rmitt

ent

rene

wab

le e

lect

ricity

in

chem

ical

bo

nds.

R

ealiz

ing

this

pro

mis

e, r

equi

res

the

deve

lopm

ent

of

robu

st,

scal

able

, an

d co

st-

eff

ect

ive

ele

ctro

che

mic

al

syst

em

s ne

cess

itatin

g ad

vanc

es

in

the

scie

nce

and

engi

neer

ing

of

cata

lytic

ally

-act

ive

poro

us

med

ia.

Figu

re 1

. A

n el

ectro

chem

ical

rou

te t

o sy

nthe

sis

gas

(CO

+ H

2),

thro

ugh

rene

wab

le e

lect

ricity

and

car

bon

was

te s

tream

s, th

at m

ay e

nabl

e pa

thw

ays

to m

ore

sust

aina

ble

prod

uctio

n of

fuel

s an

d co

mm

odity

che

mic

als.

SE

ED

Dir

ect

Dep

osit

ion

of C

O2

Ele

ctro

reduc

tion

C

ente

r fo

r M

ater

ials

Sci

ence

and

E

ngin

eeri

ng D

MR

14-1

9807

Fiki

le R

. B

rush

ett

Mas

sach

uset

ts I

nsti

tute

of

Tech

nolo

gy

Bro

wn,

S.M

., Le

onar

d, M

.E.*

, and

Brushett,

F.R

. “D

evel

opm

ent

and

valid

atio

n of

a m

icro

fluid

ic p

latfo

rm fo

r cat

alys

t / e

lect

rode

ch

arac

teriz

atio

n fo

r ele

ctro

chem

ical

car

bon

diox

ide

redu

ctio

n”, i

n pr

ep.

84

Inte

llect

ual M

erit:

Dur

ing

the

first

yea

r of

this

pr

ojec

t, w

e ha

ve

succ

essf

ully

de

velo

ped

a pr

oced

ure

to p

rodu

ce t

hin

film

s of

laye

red

Cr-

base

d ox

ide

pero

vski

te S

r 2-xLa

xCrO

4 (S

LCO

).

This

com

poun

d, w

hich

is is

ostru

ctur

al t

o hi

gh-

Tc

supe

rcon

duct

or

La2S

r 2-xC

uO4,

ha

s be

en

prop

osed

to

ha

rbor

a

flurr

y of

el

ectro

nic

orde

ring

phen

omen

a, in

clud

ing

a sp

in-d

ensi

ty-

wav

e an

d or

bita

l ord

er.

SLC

O

film

s ha

ve

been

gr

own

on

diffe

rent

su

bstra

tes

(LA

O, S

TO)

and

char

acte

rized

with

a

serie

s of

te

chni

ques

(X

RD

, S

EM

, TE

M,

mag

neto

met

ry).

Mor

e re

cent

ly,

our

grou

p pe

rfor

med

re

sona

nt

mag

netic

sc

atte

ring

mea

sure

men

ts th

at c

onfir

med

, for

the

very

firs

t tim

e in

th

ese

syst

ems,

th

e pr

esen

ce

of

ma

gn

eti

c o

rde

rin

g a

t w

ave

vect

ors

Q

=(±0

.13,

±0.1

3,5.

3),

as s

how

n in

the

fig

ure.

Th

e sp

ins

orde

r be

low

~20

0 K

, a

tem

pera

ture

w

here

we

have

als

o ob

serv

ed t

he p

oten

tial

sign

atur

es o

f con

curr

ent o

rbita

l ord

erin

g.

2017

H,K

(rec

ipro

cal l

attic

e un

its)

-0.4

0.

40

Intensity (arb. units)

L=5.

3

L=5.

3

Cen

ter

for

Mat

eria

ls S

cien

ce a

nd

Eng

inee

ring

DM

R 1

4-1

9807

SE

ED

Thi

n Fi

lm C

hrom

ium

Oxi

de P

erov

skite

s

Ric

card

o C

omin

M

assa

chus

etts

Ins

titu

te o

f Te

chno

logy

85

2017 B

road

er Im

pact

: Th

e br

oade

r im

pact

s of

th

is p

roje

ct c

onne

ct t

o its

inte

rdis

cipl

inar

y na

ture

, at

th

e in

ters

ectio

n of

m

ater

ials

s

cie

nc

e a

nd

ad

va

nc

ed

X-r

ay

char

acte

rizat

ion.

Th

e sc

ient

ific

wor

k se

rves

as

a tra

inin

g pl

atfo

rm fo

r the

use

of

reso

nant

X-r

ay s

pect

rosc

opie

s fo

r diff

eren

t g

en

era

tio

ns

of

res

ea

rch

ers

(u

nd

erg

rad

ua

te,

gra

du

ate

, a

nd

post

doct

oral

), a

poss

ibili

ty w

hich

is

new

and

timel

y as

it le

vera

ges

the

adve

nt o

f X-

ray

faci

litie

s w

here

th

ese

expe

rimen

tal

met

hods

can

be

final

ly u

sed

by a

bro

adco

mm

unity

of u

sers

.

Cen

ter

for

Mat

eria

ls S

cien

ce a

nd

Eng

inee

ring

DM

R 1

4-1

9807

SE

ED

Thi

n Fi

lm C

hrom

ium

Oxi

de P

erov

skite

s

Figu

re: M

IT s

opho

mor

e st

uden

t Kev

in L

iman

ta (l

eft)

mou

ntin

g sa

mpl

es a

t IS

R b

eam

line

(NS

LS-II

, BN

L) w

ith M

IT p

ostd

octo

ral

asso

ciat

e Zh

ihai

Zhu

(cen

ter)

and

NS

LS-II

bea

mlin

e sc

ient

ist

Chr

istie

Nel

son

(rig

ht).

Ric

card

o C

omin

M

assa

chus

etts

Ins

titu

te o

f Te

chno

logy

86

See

d R

oom

-tem

per

atur

e sp

in-o

rbit

tor

que

s

wit

chin

g in

duc

ed b

y a

topol

ogic

al

ins

ulat

or

Inte

llect

ual

Mer

it:

The

stro

ngly

sp

in-

mom

entu

m

coup

led

elec

troni

c st

ates

in

topo

logi

cal

insu

lato

rs

(TI)

have

be

en

exte

nsiv

ely

purs

ued

to

real

ize

effic

ient

mag

netic

sw

itchi

ng.

How

ever

, pr

evio

us

stud

ies

show

a l

arge

dis

crep

ancy

of

the

char

ge-s

pin

conv

ersi

on

effi

cien

cy.

Mor

eove

r, cu

rren

t-in

duce

d m

agne

tic

switc

hing

with

TI c

an o

nly

be o

bser

ved

at cr

yoge

nic

tem

pera

ture

s. W

e re

port

spin

-or

bit

torq

ue s

witc

hing

in

a TI

-ferr

imag

net

hete

rost

ruct

ure

wit

h pe

rpen

dicu

lar

mag

netic

ani

sotro

py a

t roo

m te

mpe

ratu

re.

The

obta

ined

effe

ctiv

e sp

in H

all a

ngle

of T

I is

sub

stan

tially

lar

ger

than

the

pre

viou

sly

stud

ied

heav

y m

etal

s.

Our

re

sults

d

em

on

stra

te

rob

ust

ch

arg

e-s

pin

conv

ersi

on

in

TI

and

prov

ide

a di

rect

aven

ue

tow

ards

ap

plic

able

TI

-bas

ed

spin

troni

c de

vice

s.

2017

Han

, J.,

Ric

hard

ella

, A.,

Sid

diqu

i, S

.A.,

Finl

ey, J

., S

amar

th, N

. and

Li

u, L

. “R

oom

-tem

pera

ture

spi

n-or

bit t

orqu

e sw

itchi

ng in

duce

d by

a

topo

logi

cal i

nsul

ator

." P

hysi

cal R

evie

w L

ette

rs, 1

19: 0

7770

2, 2

017.

Cen

ter

for

Mat

eria

ls S

cien

ce a

nd

Eng

inee

ring

DM

R 1

4-1

9807

Figu

re. 1

. (A

) Sch

emat

ic o

f the

SO

T sw

itchi

ng in

CoT

b/B

i 2Se 3

bila

yer.

(B)C

urre

nt-in

duce

d m

agne

tic s

witc

hing

mea

sure

d in

CoT

b/B

i 2Se 3

bila

yer w

ith a

n in

-pla

ne m

agne

tic fi

eld.

(C) S

OT

effic

ienc

y as

a fu

nctio

nof

the

in-p

lane

fiel

d. T

he s

pin

Hal

l ang

le o

f Bi 2S

e 3 c

an b

e ca

lcul

ated

fro

m th

e sa

tura

tion

effic

ienc

y. (D

) Com

paris

on o

f the

Spi

n H

all a

ngle

be

twee

n TI

and

hea

vy m

etal

s.

Liqia

o Li

u M

assa

chus

etts

Ins

titu

te o

f Te

chno

logy

87

2017 Bro

ader

Impa

ct: T

he b

road

impa

ct o

f the

sp

onso

red

rese

arch

inc

lude

res

ults

fro

m

the

follo

win

g ou

trea

ch

prog

ram

s:

1)

Und

ergr

adua

te

stud

ents

ha

ve

been

en

gage

d in

th

e pr

opos

ed

rese

arch

. S

teph

anie

Bau

man

(fro

m S

outh

Flo

rida

Uni

vers

ity),

thro

ugh

CM

SE

RE

U p

rogr

am,

got

the

oppo

rtuni

ty o

f do

ing

cutti

ng-e

dge

rese

arch

on

topi

cs o

f nan

ofab

ricat

ion

and

devi

ce e

ngin

eerin

g th

roug

h th

is p

rogr

am

(see

im

age

on r

ight

). 2)

The

PI

and

his

stu

de

nts

h

ave

m

ain

tain

ed

clo

se

rela

tions

hips

w

ith

the

mic

roel

ectro

nics

in

dust

ry.

Sin

ce t

he s

tart

of t

he p

rogr

am,

the

PI

has

visi

ted

and

give

n on

site

or

onlin

e se

min

ars

to

com

pani

es

of

Inte

l, IB

M,

glob

al f

ound

ry,

Ray

thoe

n B

BN

, et

c.

This

gre

atly

im

prov

es o

ur u

nder

stan

ding

of

in

dust

ry

need

s an

d fa

cilit

ates

fu

ture

te

chno

logy

tran

sfer

.

See

d R

oom

-tem

per

atur

e sp

in-o

rbit

tor

que

s

wit

chin

g in

duc

ed b

y a

topol

ogic

al

ins

ulat

or

Cen

ter

for

Mat

eria

ls S

cien

ce a

nd

Eng

inee

ring

DM

R 1

4-1

9807

Liqia

o Li

u M

assa

chus

etts

Ins

titu

te o

f Te

chno

logy

Sum

mer

Sch

olar

Ste

phan

ie B

aum

an in

tern

s in

Luq

iao

Liu

lab

synt

hesi

zing

and

test

ing

mag

netic

heu

sler

allo

y sa

mpl

es fo

r spi

ntro

nic

appl

icat

ions

.

Han

, J.,

Ric

hard

ella

, A.,

Sid

diqu

i, S

.A.,

Finl

ey, J

., S

amar

th, N

. and

Li

u, L

. “R

oom

-tem

pera

ture

spi

n-or

bit t

orqu

e sw

itchi

ng in

duce

d by

a

topo

logi

cal i

nsul

ator

." P

hysi

cal R

evie

w L

ette

rs, 1

19: 0

7770

2, 2

017.

88

Rob

ert

Mac

farl

ane

Mas

sach

uset

ts I

nsti

tute

of

Tech

nolo

gy

Inte

llect

ual M

erit:

Tra

ditio

nal h

ydro

gels

bas

ed

on l

inea

r ar

e in

tere

stin

g m

ater

ials

tha

t ha

ve

sign

ifica

nt

utili

ty

in

mul

tiple

bi

olog

ical

an

d bi

omed

ical

app

licat

ions

. H

owev

er,

it is

ofte

n a

chal

leng

e to

si

mul

tane

ousl

y co

ntro

l a

gel’s

ch

emic

al,

biol

ogic

al,

and

mec

hani

cal

prop

ertie

s, a

s op

timiz

ing

poly

mer

com

posi

tion

to m

axim

ize

one

prop

erty

inhe

rent

ly li

mits

the

tu

nabi

lity

of a

ny o

ther

s.

MIT

MR

SE

C r

esea

rche

rs h

ave

deve

lope

d a

nove

l hy

drog

el

base

d on

bo

ttle

-bru

sh

poly

mer

s,

whe

re

gela

tion

is

driv

en

by

the

form

atio

n of

ioni

c bo

nds

betw

een

char

ged

end

grou

ps a

t the

tips

of t

he p

olym

ers.

Bot

tle-b

rush

po

lym

er

gels

ex

hibi

t di

ffere

nt

mec

hani

cal

char

acte

ristic

s th

an l

inea

r ge

ls o

f th

e sa

me

com

posi

tion,

allo

win

g fo

r a

new

des

ign

hand

le

to

man

ipul

ate

mul

tipl

e ge

l pr

oper

ties

si

mul

tane

ousl

y.

2017

+ +

++ ++

- --

- --

See

d B

ottl

ebru

sh H

ydro

gels

as

Tuna

ble

Tis

sue

Eng

inee

ring

Sca

ffol

ds

Cen

ter

for

Mat

eria

ls S

cien

ce a

nd

Eng

inee

ring

DM

R 1

4-1

9807

Figu

re 1

. Sch

emat

ic il

lust

ratio

n of

the

chem

ical

com

posi

tion

of

two

bottl

e-br

ush

poly

mer

s an

d th

e io

nic

inte

ract

ions

bet

wee

n tw

o po

lym

ers

insi

de th

e hy

drog

el.

89

See

d B

ottl

ebru

sh H

ydro

gels

as

Tuna

ble

Tis

sue

Eng

inee

ring

Sca

ffol

ds

Rob

ert

Mac

farl

ane

Mas

sach

uset

ts I

nsti

tute

of

Tech

nolo

gy

2017 Bro

ader

Im

pact

: D

ue

to

thei

r un

ique

m

orph

olog

y, b

ottle

-bru

sh p

olym

ers

beha

ve

as d

iscr

ete

entit

ies

in a

queo

us s

olut

ion

(Fig

ure

2a),

resu

lting

in

few

er i

nter

chai

n en

tang

lem

ents

. B

ottl

e-br

ush

base

d hy

drog

els

are

ther

efor

e of

hig

her

poro

sity

(F

igur

e 2b

). Th

is u

niqu

e pr

oper

ty h

olds

g

rea

t p

ote

nti

al

in

the

are

a o

f bi

oeng

inee

ring,

w

here

in

crea

sed

pore

si

zes

shou

ld b

ette

r en

able

cel

l m

igra

tion

and

nutri

ent

flow

. A

s a

resu

lt, t

hese

gel

s ar

e un

ique

ly

suit

ed

mat

eria

ls

for

appl

icat

ions

in d

evel

opm

enta

l bio

logy

and

re

gene

rativ

e m

edic

ine

as ti

ssue

sca

ffold

s.

Figu

re 2

. a)

Tra

nsm

issi

on e

lect

ron

mic

rosc

opy

imag

es o

f bo

ttle-

brus

h po

lym

ers.

b)

S

cann

ing

elec

tron

mic

rosc

ope

imag

es o

f fre

eze-

drie

d hy

drog

el.

Cen

ter

for

Mat

eria

ls S

cien

ce a

nd

Eng

inee

ring

DM

R 1

4-1

9807

90

Educ

atio

n: M

IT M

RSE

C’s

Com

mun

ity C

olle

ge R

EU

Prog

ram

Bro

aden

s th

e ST

EM P

ipel

ine

Inte

llect

ual

Mer

it:

In

2005

, th

e M

IT

MR

SE

C be

gan

the

Com

mun

ity C

olle

ge P

rogr

am (C

CP

), a

targ

eted

RE

U p

rogr

am.

Par

ticip

ants

com

e fro

m ne

arby

Rox

bury

Com

mun

ity C

olle

ge (

RC

C)

and

Bun

ker

Hill

C

omm

unity

C

olle

ge

(BH

CC

). O

bjec

tives

of

th

e in

itiat

ive

are

to

reac

h no

ntra

ditio

nal

and

unde

r-re

pres

ente

d st

uden

ts an

d dr

aw t

hem

into

STE

M c

aree

rs b

y pr

ovid

ing

them

with

res

earc

h op

portu

nitie

s no

t ava

ilabl

e at

thei

r ho

me

inst

itutio

ns.

Add

ition

al o

bjec

tives

are

to im

prov

e th

eir t

echn

ical

ski

lls, i

ntro

duce

them

to

the

field

of

mat

eria

ls s

cien

ce a

nd e

ngin

eerin

g an

d in

crea

se t

heir

self-

conf

iden

ce t

o su

ccee

d in

STE

M c

aree

rs.

At

MIT

, th

e st

uden

ts s

pend

the

su

mm

er e

ngag

ed i

n cu

rren

t re

sear

ch.

They

joi

n ot

her

RE

U s

tude

nts

at t

he M

RS

EC

for

wee

kly

mee

tings

tha

t fe

atur

e pr

ofes

sion

al d

evel

opm

ent

prog

ram

s su

ch

as

pate

nts

and

licen

ses,

prep

arin

g hi

gh-q

ualit

y re

sear

ch p

oste

rs, g

radu

ate

scho

ol

adm

issi

on,

and

facu

lty

talk

s on

“h

ot to

pics

” in

mat

eria

ls s

cien

ce a

nd e

ngin

eerin

g.

At

the

end

of th

e su

mm

er th

e st

uden

ts p

rese

nt th

eir

wor

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18. STATEMENT OF UNOBLIGATED FUNDS

It is estimated that no more than $0 will remain in uncommitted funds as of October 31, 2018.

93

Section 19 A SUMMARYTOTAL ACTUAL - 5/2017-4/2018 PROPOSAL BUDGET FOR NSF USE ONLYORGANIZATION PROPOSAL NO. DURATION (MONTHS)

Massachusetts Institute of Technology Proposed GrantedPRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR/PROJECT DIRECTOR AWARD NO.Geoffrey S. BeachA. SENIOR PERSONNEL: PI/PD, Co-PI's, Faculty and Other Senior Associates NSF FUNDED Funds Funds (List each separately with title, A.7. show number in brackets) PERSON-Mos. Requested By Granted by NSF

CAL ACAD SUMR Proposer (If Different)1. Geoffrey S. Beach - Project Director $ $2. 26 MIT Faculty 1 $21,8833.4.5.6.( 0 ) OTHERS (LIST INDIVIDUALLY ON BUDGET EXPLANATION PAGE)7.(27 ) TOTAL SENIOR PERSONNEL (1-6) 1 $21,883B. OTHER PERSONNEL (SHOW NUMBERS IN BRACKETS) 1.(13 )POST DOCTORAL ASSOCIATES 66.9 $247,1042.(10 )OTHER PROFESSIONALS (TECHNICIANS, PROGRAMMER, ETC) 33.12 $219,8053.(27 )GRADUATE STUDENTS $418,9134.(4 )UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS (Does not include REU Participants) $3,1335.( )SECRETARIAL-CLERICAL (IF CHARGED DIRECTLY)6.( )OTHER TOTAL SALARIES AND WAGES (A+B) $910,838C. FRINGE BENEFITS (IF CHARGED AS DIRECT COSTS) $148,536 TOTAL SALARIES, WAGES AND FRINGE BENEFITS (A+B+C) $1,059,374D. EQUIPMENT (LIST ITEM AND DOLLAR AMOUNT FOR EACH ITEM EXCEEDING $ 5,000:)

Purchase of an Octane Elect Super EDS System w/ APEX - EM SEF $54,048Purchase of a Linkham HFSX350 Heating/Cooling Stage $18,196 for SAXSLAB - X-ray SEF

TOTAL EQUIPMENT (no F & A) $72,244E. TRAVEL 1. DOMESTIC (INCL.CANADA, MEXICO AND U.S. POSSESSIONS) $8,895

2. FOREIGN (SEE BUDGET EXPLANATION) $2,140

F. PARTICIPANT SUPPORT 1. STIPENDS $ 131,276 (no F&A) 2. TRAVEL 3. SUBSISTENCE 4. OTHER

(30 )TOTAL PARTICIPANT COSTS $131,276G. OTHER DIRECT COSTS1.MATERIALS AND SUPPLIES $103,2342.PUBLICATION/DOCUMENTATION/DISSEMINATION $4,7373.CONSULTANT SERVICES4.COMPUTER SERVICES5.SUBAWARDS $54,5786.OTHER (includes $251,751 in Graduate Research Assistant Tuition-no F & A) $326,192 TOTAL OTHER DIRECT COSTS $488,741H. TOTAL DIRECT COSTS (A THROUGH G) $1,762,670I. INDIRECT COSTS (F & A) (SPECIFY RATE AND BASE)Base of $948,515 @ 56% on campusTOTAL INDIRECT COSTS (F & A) $531,169J. TOTAL DIRECT AND INDIRECTS COSTS (H+I) $2,293,839K.RESIDUAL FUNDS (IF FOR FUTHER SUPPORT OF CURRENT PROJECTS SEE GPG II.D.7.j.)

L. AMOUNT OF THIS REQUEST (J) OR (J MINUS K) $2,293,839M. COST SHARING: PROPOSED LEVEL AGREED LEVEL IF DIFFERENT $PI/PD TYPED NAME & SIGNATURE* DATE FOR NSF USE ONLY

INDIRECT COST RATE VERIFICATIONORG. REP. TYPED NAME & SIGNATURE* DATE Date checked Date of Rate Sheet Initials-ORG

NSF Form 1030 (10/99) Supersedes All Previous Editions *SIGNATURE REQUIRED ONLY FOR REVISED BUDGET(GPG III.C)

94

19B: BUDGET EXPLANATION – ACTUAL

Please note: Due to submission of this annual report in April 2018 instead of September 2018, budget documents for the “actual budget period” will be calculated for the year ending 4/30/18. Faculty Receiving Salary Support: Prof. Leeb, Faculty Education Officer – 1 summer month 2017 - $21,883 Equipment Purchased: Octane Elect Super EDS System w/ APEX – EM SEF $ 54,048 Linkham HFSX350 Heating/Cooling Stage for SAXSLAB – X-ray SEF $ 18,196

Total $ 72,244 Foreign Travel: Sunho Kim (IRG-3) - Solid State Ionics Conference, Padua, Italy $ 753.30 Chang Sub Kim (IRG-3) Solid State Ionics Conference, Padua, Italy $ 201.89 ZhiHai Zhu – trip for experiment at Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, Canada $1,151.00 From Comin seed group Shiahn Chen – EM SEF – attend workshop at Canadian Center for Electron $ 34.00 Microscopy - small partial payment Total $2,140.19 Additional Information: Employee Benefits And Indirect Cost (F&A) Rates: The following rates were used to calculate employee benefits and indirect cost. The F&A rates are constant for the period of this award. • Employee Benefits Rates for Actual Period: 25% for on campus for May and June 2017 and

25.6% for July 2017 to April 2018 is charged to all categories except graduate assistants and undergraduates and 8.0% for <50% FTE employees and non-registered students; vacation rate – 7.5% for May and June 2017and 7.6% for July 2017 to April 2018 for on campus vacation accrual charged to post doctoral associates, professionals, and hourly staff for grant year 2.

• F&A for Actual Period: 56% on-campus and 5% off-campus to MTDC base, which excludes equipment over $5K, subcontracts over $25K, educational stipends and graduate assistant tuition. SEF operating and core-grant administrative costs are also exempt from F&A.

Participant Support: Stipends for participants in center educational outreach programs: 2017 REU program – 12 students – $ 78,000 2017 RET program – 4 new teachers 28,000 2 returning teachers 3,700 2017 Community College Program – 4 students 16,000 2017 STEP Program – 5 participants 1,500 2017 Day Camp teacher MRFN participant support – 2 participants Total

2,000 2,076 $ 131,276

*MRFN Funding: MRFN related participant support is used for instrument user fees and participant travel charges for travel to CMSE. These charges are not burdened with F&A. Sub-awards: During this year a total of $54,578 is estimated on the sub-award for Dr. Ayman Abouraddy (U. of Central Florida) working with IRG 1. Other: Other costs include the yearly tuition for graduate students and expenses directly allowable and allocable to the MRSEC research, but do not fit into the materials and supplies category.

95

Current Year 4/24/18

ORGANIZATION Closing Year BudgetMIT MRSECPRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR/PROJECT DIRECTOR

PI - GEOFFREY S. BEACH, PHD Research Education

Knowledge Transfer to

Industry and Other Sectors Facilities

Adminstra-tion Total

The fields in red with yellow background are computed automatically.A. SENIOR PERSONNEL: Pl/PD, Co-Pl's, Faculty and Other Senior Associates

(List each separately with title, A.7. show number in brackets)1 PI/PD Geoffrey S. Beach PhD 02 co-PI See Participants list for ful list of faculty participants - 33 21,883 21,8833 co-PI 04 co-PI 05 co-PI 06 (0) OTHERS (LIST INDIVIDUALLY ON BUDGET JUSTIFICATION PAGE) 07 (34) TOTAL SENIOR PERSONNEL (1-6) 0 21,883 0 0 0 21,883

B. OTHER PERSONNEL (SHOW NUMBERS IN BRACKETS)1 (15 ) POST DOCTORAL SCHOLARS 246,924 180 247,1042 (10 ) OTHER PROFESSIONALS (TECHNICIAN, PROGRAMMER, ETC.) 66,433 16,715 136,657 219,8053 (39 ) GRADUATE STUDENTS 418,913 418,9133 (6) UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS 3,133 3,1333 ( ) SECRETARIAL - CLERICAL (IF CHARGED DIRECTLY) 0 0 03 ( ) OTHER 0

TOTAL SALARIES AND WAGES (A+B) 665,837 91,629 0 16,715 136,657 910,838C. FRINGE BENEFITS (IF CHARGED AS DIRECT COSTS) 75,194 25,186 3,893 44,263 148,536

TOTAL SALARIES, WAGES AND FRINGE BENEFITS (A+B+C) 741,031 116,815 0 20,608 180,920 1,059,374

D. EQUIPMENTTOTAL EQUIPMENT 72,244 72,244

E. TRAVEL 1. DOMESTIC (INCL. CANADA MEXICO AND U.S. POSSESSIONS) 8,715 180 8,8952. FOREIGN 2,106 34 2,140

F. PARTICIPANT SUPPORT COSTS1. STIPENDS 129,200 129,2002. TRAVEL 03. SUBSISTENCE 04. OTHER 2,076 2,076(32) TOTAL PARTICIPANT COSTS 0 131,276 0 0 0 131,276

G. OTHER DIRECT COSTS1. MATERIALS AND SUPPLIES 92,362 7,089 3,783 103,2342. PUBLICATION COSTS/DOCUMENTATION/DISSEMINATION 4,737 4,7373. CONSULTANT SERVICES 04. COMPUTER SERVICES 05. SUBAWARDS 54,578 0 54,5786. OTHER 307,290 5,196 13,706 326,192TOTAL OTHER DIRECT COSTS 458,967 12,285 0 17,489 0 488,741

H. TOTAL DIRECT COSTS (A THROUGH G) 1,210,819 260,376 0 110,555 180,920 1,762,670I. INDIRECT COSTS (SPECIFY RATE AND BASE)

Base 1a (not including D, F, G5, G6) 848,951 123,904 0 24,605 180,920 1,178,380 Base 1b (part or all of G5-G6 & other adjustments, if appropriate) -22,138 -2,200 -21,313 -172,954 -218,605 Base 1 826,813 121,704 0 3,292 7,966 959,775 Rate 1 0.560 0.560 0.000 0.000 0.000 Base 2 (for, e.g., off-campus rate) 0 Rate 2 (for, e.g., off-campus rate) 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Base 3 (part or all of F1 if appropriate) 0 Rate 3 0.250 0.250 0.250 0.250 0.250TOTAL INDIRECT COSTS 463,015 68,154 0 0 0 531,169

J. TOTAL DIRECT AND INDIRECT COSTS (H + I) 1,673,834 328,530 0 110,555 180,920 2,293,839K. RESIDUAL FUNDS 0L. AMOUNT OF THIS REQUEST (J) OR (J MINUS K) 1,673,834 328,530 0 110,555 180,920 2,293,839

M. COST SHARING PROPOSED LEVEL $ 0 0Pl/PD NAME Geoffrey S. Beach, PHD

ORG. REP. NAME* Courtney Bensey

96

SUMMARY Section 19 DTOTAL PROPOSED - 11/18-10/19 PROPOSAL BUDGET FOR NSF USE ONLY

ORGANIZATION PROPOSAL NO. DURATION (MONTHS)

Massachusetts Institute of Technology Proposed GrantedPRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR/PROJECT DIRECTOR AWARD NO.Geoffrey S. BeachA. SENIOR PERSONNEL: PI/PD, Co-PI's, Faculty and Other Senior Associates NSF FUNDED Funds Funds

(List each separately with title, A.7. show number in brackets) PERSON-Mos. Requested By Granted by NSFCAL ACAD SUMR Proposer (If Different)

1. Geoffrey S. Beach - Project Director $ $2. 26 MIT Faculty 1 $23,2163.4.5.6.( 0 ) OTHERS (LIST INDIVIDUALLY ON BUDGET EXPLANATION PAGE)7.(27 ) TOTAL SENIOR PERSONNEL (1-6) 1 $23,216B. OTHER PERSONNEL (SHOW NUMBERS IN BRACKETS)1.(4 )POST DOCTORAL ASSOCIATES 36.0 $149,0102.(10 )OTHER PROFESSIONALS (TECHNICIANS, PROGRAMMER, ETC) 33.12 $213,3403.(24 )GRADUATE STUDENTS $529,2754.(8 )UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS (Does not include REU Participants) $26,4005.( )SECRETARIAL-CLERICAL (IF CHARGED DIRECTLY)6.( )OTHER TOTAL SALARIES AND WAGES (A+B) $941,241C. FRINGE BENEFITS (IF CHARGED AS DIRECT COSTS) $124,988 TOTAL SALARIES, WAGES AND FRINGE BENEFITS (A+B+C) $1,066,229D. EQUIPMENT (LIST ITEM AND DOLLAR AMOUNT FOR EACH ITEM EXCEEDING $ 5,000:)

Partial payment for proposed SIMMS

TOTAL EQUIPMENT (no F & A) $300,000E. TRAVEL 1. DOMESTIC (INCL.CANADA, MEXICO AND U.S. POSSESSIONS) $23,035

2. FOREIGN (SEE BUDGET EXPLANATION)

F. PARTICIPANT SUPPORT1. STIPENDS $ 124,800 (no F&A)2. TRAVEL3. SUBSISTENCE4. OTHER

(28 )TOTAL PARTICIPANT COSTS $124,800G. OTHER DIRECT COSTS1.MATERIALS AND SUPPLIES $140,4202.PUBLICATION/DOCUMENTATION/DISSEMINATION3.CONSULTANT SERVICES4.COMPUTER SERVICES5.SUBAWARDS $96,3676.OTHER (includes $352,981 in Graduate Research Assistant Tuition-no F & A) $359,285 TOTAL OTHER DIRECT COSTS $596,072H. TOTAL DIRECT COSTS (A THROUGH G) $2,110,136I. INDIRECT COSTS (F & A) (SPECIFY RATE AND BASE)Base of $1,053,328 @ 56% on campusTOTAL INDIRECT COSTS (F & A) $589,864J. TOTAL DIRECT AND INDIRECTS COSTS (H+I) $2,700,000K.RESIDUAL FUNDS (IF FOR FUTHER SUPPORT OF CURRENT PROJECTS SEE GPG II.D.7.j.)

L. AMOUNT OF THIS REQUEST (J) OR (J MINUS K) $2,700,000M. COST SHARING: PROPOSED LEVEL AGREED LEVEL IF DIFFERENT $PI/PD TYPED NAME & SIGNATURE* DATE FOR NSF USE ONLY

INDIRECT COST RATE VERIFICATIONORG. REP. TYPED NAME & SIGNATURE* DATE Date checked Date of Rate Sheet Initials-ORG

NSF Form 1030 (10/99) Supersedes All Previous Editions *SIGNATURE REQUIRED ONLY FOR REVISED BUDGET(GPG III.C)

97

19E: BUDGET EXPLANATION – PROPOSED

Faculty Receiving Salary Support: Prof. Leeb, Faculty Education Officer – 1 summer month - $23,216 Please see Participants List for full list of faculty participants. Please note: MIT fully supports the academic year salary of faculty, but makes no specific commitment of time or salary to any individual research project. Equipment Purchased: Anticipated partial payment toward a SIMS as described in $300,000

the full proposal* Total $300,000*

*Amounts listed here are only amounts from NSF grant equipment funds. Amounts from year 5 NSF equipment funds and CMSE discretionary funds will be used toward the purchase of this instrument, expected to be roughly $1 million. Foreign Travel: No anticipated foreign travel Additional Information: Employee Benefits And Indirect Cost (F&A) Rates: The following rates were used to calculate employee benefits and indirect cost. The F&A rate of 56% is constant for the period of this award. • Employee Benefits Rates for Proposed Period: 25.6% for on campus for grant year 5 is

charged to all categories except graduate assistants and undergraduates and 8.0% for <50% FTE employees and non-registered students; vacation rate – 7.6% for on campus vacation accrual charged to post doctoral associates, professionals, and hourly staff for grant year 5.

Participant Support: Stipends for participants in center educational outreach programs: 2019 REU program – 10 students – $ 65,000 2019 RET program – 2 new teachers, 15,400 2 returning teachers 7,700 2019 Community College Program – 4 students 18,000 2019 STEP Program – 5 participants 1,500 2019 Day Camp teacher Year 5 MRFN participant support – 4 participants estimated* Total

2,200 15,000 124,800

*MRFN Funding: MRFN related participant support is used for instrument user fees and participant travel charges for travel to CMSE’s SEFs. These charges are not burdened with F&A. Sub-awards: During this year a total of $96,367 is estimated on the sub-award for Dr. Ayman Abouraddy (U. of Central Florida) working with IRG 1. Other: Other costs include the yearly tuition for graduate students and expenses directly allowable and allocable to the MRSEC research, but do not fit into the materials and supplies category.

98

19F: Proposed Year 4/24/18

ORGANIZATION Proposed Year BudgetMIT MRSECPRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR/PROJECT DIRECTOR

Research Education

Knowledge Transfer to

Industry and Other Sectors Facilities

Adminstra-tion Total

The fields in red with yellow background are computed automatically.SENIOR PERSONNEL: Pl/PD, Co-Pl's, Faculty and Other Senior Associates(List each separately with title, A.7. show number in brackets)PI/PD Geoffrey S. Beach PhD 0co-PI See Participants list for ful list of faculty participants - 27 0 23,216 23,216co-PI 0co-PI 0co-PI 0(0) OTHERS (LIST INDIVIDUALLY ON BUDGET JUSTIFICATION PAGE) 0(28) TOTAL SENIOR PERSONNEL (1-6) 0 23,216 0 0 0 23,216OTHER PERSONNEL (SHOW NUMBERS IN BRACKETS)(4) POST DOCTORAL SCHOLARS 149,010 149,010(10 ) OTHER PROFESSIONALS (TECHNICIAN, PROGRAMMER, ETC.) 0 79,701 16,522 117,117 213,340(24 ) GRADUATE STUDENTS 529,275 529,275(8 ) UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS 26,400 26,400( ) SECRETARIAL - CLERICAL (IF CHARGED DIRECTLY) 0 0 0( ) OTHER 0TOTAL SALARIES AND WAGES (A+B) 678,285 129,317 0 16,522 117,117 941,241FRINGE BENEFITS (IF CHARGED AS DIRECT COSTS) 49,471 32,404 4,230 38,883 124,988TOTAL SALARIES, WAGES AND FRINGE BENEFITS (A+B+C) 727,756 161,721 0 20,752 156,000 1,066,229

EQUIPMENTTOTAL EQUIPMENT 300,000 300,000

TRAVEL 1. DOMESTIC (INCL. CANADA MEXICO AND U.S. POSSESSIONS) 22,885 0 150 23,0352. FOREIGN 0 0 0 0

PARTICIPANT SUPPORT COSTS1. STIPENDS 124,800 124,8002. TRAVEL 0 0 0 03. SUBSISTENCE 04. OTHER 0(28) TOTAL PARTICIPANT COSTS 0 124,800 0 0 0 124,800

OTHER DIRECT COSTS1. MATERIALS AND SUPPLIES 127,982 9,885 2,553 140,4202. PUBLICATION COSTS/DOCUMENTATION/DISSEMINATION 0 03. CONSULTANT SERVICES 04. COMPUTER SERVICES 05. SUBAWARDS 96,367 96,3676. OTHER 352,981 3,100 3,204 0 359,285TOTAL OTHER DIRECT COSTS 577,330 12,985 0 5,757 0 596,072

TOTAL DIRECT COSTS (A THROUGH G) 1,327,971 299,506 0 326,659 156,000 2,110,136INDIRECT COSTS (SPECIFY RATE AND BASE) Base 1a (not including D, F, G5, G6) 878,623 171,606 0 23,455 156,000 1,229,684 Base 1b (part or all of G5-G6 & other adjustments, if appropriate) 0 3,100 -22,871 -156,000 -175,771 Base 1 878,623 174,706 0 584 0 1,053,913 Rate 1 0.560 0.560 0.000 0.000 0.000 Base 2 (for, e.g., off-campus rate) 0 Rate 2 (for, e.g., off-campus rate) 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Base 3 (part or all of F1 if appropriate) 0 Rate 3 0.250 0.250 0.250 0.250 0.250TOTAL INDIRECT COSTS 492,029 97,835 0 0 0 589,864TOTAL DIRECT AND INDIRECT COSTS (H + I) 1,820,000 397,341 0 326,659 156,000 2,700,000RESIDUAL FUNDS 0AMOUNT OF THIS REQUEST (J) OR (J MINUS K) 1,820,000 397,341 0 326,659 156,000 2,700,000

COST SHARING PROPOSED LEVEL $ 0 0Pl/PD NAME Geoffrey S. Beach, PHD

ORG. REP. NAME* Courtney Bensey

99

100

20. Appendix A Support of NSF MRSEC Faculty June 1, 2017 - April 30, 2018 Person-Months of Support (Academic Year and Summer)

Summer 2017NSF MRSEC FUNDS ($K)

NSF MRSEC Other NSF Other Fed Gov Other Non- University

Dept.Bio. Eng.Ribbeck, Katharina 214,000 0.00 1.00 1.80 0.00Grodzinsky, Alan J. 60,000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00Chem. Eng.Brushett, Fikile R. 0 0.00 0.00 2.56 0.00Doyle, Patrick S. 60,000 0.00 0.06 0.50 2.44Hammond, Paula 60,000 0.00 0.00 0.75 0.00Olsen, Bradley 60,000 0.00 0.50 1.75 0.50ChemistryJohnson, Jeremiah A.

60,000 0.00 0.25 0.25 2.50

EECSLeeb, S. 21,883 1.00 0.00 1.00 1.00Liu, Luqiao 80,000 0.00 0.25 0.00 0.00Mat. Sci. & Eng.Anikeeva, Polina 81,083 0.00 0.50 0.45 0.00Beach, Geoffrey S. D.

83,333 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00

Belcher, Angela 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00Fink, Yoel 81,083 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00Holten-Andersen, Niels

60,000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Macfarlane, Robert 80,000 0.00 1.00 0.00 2.00Ross, Caroline A. 83,333 0.00 0.00 1.50 1.50Rupp, Jennifer 80,000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00Tuller, Harry L. 83,333 0.00 0.50 1.125 0.75Van Vliet, Krystyn 83,333 0.00 0.00 0.75 0.00Mathematics Johnson, Steven 81,083 0.00 0.00 2.70 0.00Mech. Eng.Chen, Gang 83,333 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00McKinley, Gareth 60,000 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.00Nuclear Sci. & Eng.Yildiz, Bilge 83,333 0.00 0.00 1.15 1.85PhysicsComin, Riccardo 80,000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00Joannopoulos, John 81,083 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00Soljacic, Marin 81,083 0.00 0.23 1.65 0.00

101

APPENDIXB:

CENTERPARTICIPANTS

Center:MITMRSEC CurrentYearPeriod6/2017–4/2018

Designation Total Female Disability URM

Facultyparticipants(tenuretrack) 50 12 4- ReceivingsalarysupportfromMRSECfunds+ 1-ReceivingMRSECsupport 26

8 2

-Affiliated,noMRSECsupport 23 4 2Facultyparticipants(non-tenuretrack)- ReceivingsalarysupportfromMRSECfunds

FacultyparticipantsbyDepartment(tenureandnon-tenuretrack)Physics 8Materialsscience 23 8 1Chemistry 1Biologicalsciences 2 1Mathematics 1Electricalengineering 7 1 1Chemicalengineering 4 1

2

Mechanicalengineering 2Otherengineering(Nucl.Sci.&Eng.,OpticsPhotonics) 2 1

Otherscience

Postdocs* 17

4 2

GraduateStudents(donotincludePREM)* 37

6

UndergraduateStudents(notREUorPREM)* 9

6

3

TechnicalSupportStaff–SharedFacilities 7 2 1

TechnicalSupportStaff–nonSharedFacilities

IRGLeaders 6 4

EducationStaffnotreportedelsewhere 1 1

AdministrativeSupportStaff 4 3+ Onefacultymemberreceivedonemonthsummersalarysupportduringsummer2017.

*IncludesMRSECfundedpostdocs,graduatestudentsandundergraduatestudentsaswellaspostdocs,graduatestudents,andundergraduatestudentswhoparticipateddirectlybuthadothersupport(i.e.fellowship).

102

EDUCATIONOUTREACH

Center:__MITMRSECCurrentYearPeriod:6/2017-4/2018

Designation NumberofActiveParticipants

NumberfundedbyNSFMRSEC

REUStudentstotal 18 16Female 10 10underrepresentedminority 5 5disability 0 0

RETTeacherstotal 3 3Female 1 1underrepresentedminority 0 0disability 0 0

OtherPre-CollegeTeacherstotal 6 6Female 3 3underrepresentedminority 0 0disability 0 0

UndergraduateFacultytotal 1 1Female 1 1underrepresentedminority 0 0disability 0 0

NumberofK-12studentsreceivingMRSECfundsforstipend(notsupplies)

NumberofK-12studentsImpacted

ParticipantsK-12Studentstotal 850Female ~300underrepresentedminority 25+disability 0

$KBreakoutofMRSECEducationalFunds(donotincludesupplements)K-12 83MRSECREUsupport 134.9OtherUndergraduatesupport 18.7RETsupport,notsupplement 64InformalScience 27.9TotalEducationOutreach(sameasTotalasMRSECEducationBudgetcolumn)

328.5

REUandRETSitesupport(separateNSFaward)

REUandRETsupplements

APPENDIXC:

103

APPENDIX D1

COST SHARING

Center: MIT MRSEC

Current Year Proposed Year Reporting Period 5/2017 –

4/2018 11/2018 - 10/2019

Designation $K $K

Cost Sharing * State Local Foundation Industry University International Other

Total Cost Sharing (same as line M in budget)

Cost sharing is not required on this grant.

104

APPENDIX D2

COST CONTRIBUTIONS

Center: MIT MRSEC

Current Year Proposed Year Reporting Period 5/2017 –

4/2018 11/2018 – 10/2019

Designation $K $K

Cost Contributions (support not on line M) Other NSF Other Federal State Local Foundation 30 30

Industry 35 30 University 5,190.3 5,190 International 26.5 Other

Total Cost Contributions 5,281.8 5,250

Cost contributions estimated through 4/30/2018: Cost contributions include support provided directly to the MRSEC as well as support provided to MRSEC investigators that compliments and/or enhances their MRSEC research program. The latter is estimated based on data reported by individual faculty members. Sponsored research to individual faculty members has not been included; industry funding related to the MRSEC has been included.

Total Cost Contributions for the current award period are reported or projected from the following sources and are allocated as listed below:

Other Federal: $ 0 Estimate of the portion of faculty reported other federal funds used for student super computer access and equipment purchases.

Foundation: $ 30,000 Estimate of the portion of faculty reported foundation discretionary funds used for faculty support, student support, and equipment purchases.

105

APPENDIX D2

Industry funding: $ 35,000 Estimate of the portion of faculty reported industry discretionary funds used for faculty support, student support, and equipment purchases.

International: Faculty reported travel grant from Okinawa Inst. Science & $ 26,500 Technology to be keynote speaker (McKinley $6,500)); Faculty reported support for Visiting Scientists from Kyushu University and CNRS College de France (Tuller $20,000)

University Cost Contribution Allocations - $5,190,330 Building Operations - $2,624,602 Per MIT Dept. of Facilities for FY2017

SEF User Fees to support SEF Facilities $1,319,658 For year ending 4/2018

University Salary Support for CMSE Staff $ 396,161 (estimated salaries and benefits) Program Director – 100% Assistant Director – 30%

Facilities Coordinator – 100% Assistant to the Director – 100%

Estimate of the portion of faculty reported university $ 344,190 discretionary funds used for faculty support, student support, equipment purchases and travel support

University general funds for general administration $ 50,000

CMSE discretionary funds used to support $ 393,250 equipment purchases

CMSE TLO program discretionary funds $ 62,469 used to support center research

106

APPENDIXE

OUTPUTCenter:MITMRSEC CurrentYearPeriod:6/1/2017-4/30/2018

Designation NumberCurrentYear

CumulativeTotalsforthisAward

PublicationsfromIRGsandSeedsPrimaryPublicationsthatacknowledgeMRSEC1419807Support

11 26

PartialPublicationsthatacknowledgeMRSEC1419807Support

17 62

NumberofPrimaryandPartialPublicationsthatacknowledgeMRSEC1419807Supportco-authoredby2ormoreCenterfacultylevelparticipants

12 39

PrimaryPublicationsthatacknowledgeMRSEC0819762Support

2 12

PartialPublicationsthatacknowledgeMRSEC0819762Support

4 34

NumberofPrimaryandPartialPublicationsthatacknowledgeMRSEC0819762Supportco-authoredby2ormoreCenterfacultylevelparticipants

3 17

SharedFacilities 71 225

PatentsAwarded 3 19Pending 7 26Licensed

107

APPENDIXE

TerminalMastersStudentsGraduated

Ph.D.StudentsGraduated

Post-doctorsCompletedStudy

Nextposition NumberCurrentYear

CumulativeTotalsforthisAward

NumberCurrentYear

CumulativeTotalsforthisAward

NumberCurrentYear

CumulativeTotalsforthisAward

AcademicInst. 3 7 3 11NationalLabs 1 1 0 0Industry 2 5 2 4Non-science 0 0 0 0Nodata/nojob 0 6 0 1Total 6 19 5 16

Women 2 5 0 5URM(All)* 0 0 0 0URM(US)* 0 0 0 0

* URM = Under-Represented Minorities in Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics(STEM). Please report two numbers for graduate students and post-docs: all URM and thosethat are US citizens or Permanent Resident Aliens. For information on which ethnic and minoritygroups constitute URMs, see for example:http://www.nsf.gov/mps/broadening_participation/index.jsp

108

APPENDIXF:Collaborations

Center:MITMRSEC

COLLABORATIONS

CurrentYearPeriod:6/1/2017–4/30/2018

Designation NumbersCollaborators(inadditiontoCenterparticipants)AcademicInstitutions 44Academiccollaborators 56

NationalLabs 5NationalLabcollaborators 5

Industry(#ofcompanies) 4Industrycollaborators(#ofindividuals) 5

UsersofSharedFacilities(inadditiontoCenterparticipants,includingthosesupportedbytheMaterialsResearchFacilitiesNetworkorMRFN)AcademicInstitutionsAcademiccollaborators

NationalLabsNationalLabcollaborators

Industry(#ofcompanies)Industrycollaborators(#ofindividuals)

UsersofSharedFacilitiessupportedbyMRFNAcademicInstitutions 2Academiccollaborators

NationalLabsNationalLabcollaborators

Industry(#ofcompanies)Industrycollaborators(#ofindividuals)

109

APPENDIXGCurrentperiodincludesactualexpensesforthe12monthperiodfrom5/1/2017to4/30/2018sincetheenddateofthisreportisApril30,2018.Requestedawardperiodisgrantyear5(11/1/2018to10/31/2019).

MRSECSUPPORT

Center:__MITMRSEC

Designation $KCurrentawardperiod

%oftotalbudget

$KRequestedawardperiod

%oftotalbudget

IRG1 381.3 16.6 500 18.5IRG2 399.1 17.4 500 18.5IRG3 525.1 22.9 500 18.5AdditionalIRGsasappropriateTotalallIRGs 1,305.5 56.9 1,500 55.5SeedsandEmergingAreas 368.3 16.1 320 11.9TotalResearch(IRG’s+Seed’s) 1,673.8 73.0 1,820 67.4EducationActivitiesandHumanResources 328.5 14.3 397.3 14.7KnowledgeTransfer(industryandothers)SharedExperimentalandComputationalFacilities

110.6 4.8 326.7 12.1

MRSECAdministration 180.9 7.9 156 5.8

Total 2,293.8 100 2,700 100

Sharedequipmentfacilities 72.2 3.1 300 11.1Otherequipment 0 0Totalequipment 72.2 3.1 300 11.1

SEFTechnicalstaffsupportedbyCenter 16.7 .7 16.5 .6

110

APPENDIXH

MRSECLeveragedSUPPORT(5/1/2017–4/30/2018)

Center:___MITMRSEC___________________CurrentYearPeriod5/1/2017-4/30/2018

Design

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$K $K $KIRG1 381.3 65.5 446.8IRG2 399.1 205.3 604.4IRG3 525.1 62.2 587.3AdditionalIRGsasappropriateTotalallIRGs 1,305.5 333.0 1,638.5SeedsandEmergingAreas 368.3 62.7 431TotalResearch(IRGs+Seeds) 1,673.8 395.7 2,069.5EducationActivitiesandHumanResourcesShared

328.5 40 368.5

KnowledgeTransfer(industryandothers)SharedExperimentalandComputationalFacilities

110.6 0 110.6

MRSECAdministration 180.9 4,846.1 5,027

Total 2,293.8 5,281.8 7,575.6

Sharedfacilitiesequipment 72.2 72.2Otherequipment 0 0Totalequipment 72.2 72.2

SEFTechnicalstaffsupportedbyCenter 16.7 16.7

111

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