MR. LIPMAN’S APUS REVIEW

Unit IIChapters 6-9

• Spain, England, and France are fighting for control of the New World and World domination (1688-1763)

• Albany Congress (1754) 1st attempt to bring colonies together (want Indian help against French) but plans voted down by colonies

• 1756-1763 (French and Indian War aka the 7 years war) ends with Treaty of Paris– Americans allied with English but just 12 years

later they will be fighting England

–Debt from French and Indian war changes everything

• Steps to the Revolution:– Proclamation of 1763– End of Salutary Neglect– No Taxation without Representation– Sugar Act– Quartering Act– Stamp Act and the Stamp Act Congress– Townsend Act {Indirect taxes instead of direct}– Boston Massacre (1770)– Boston (and others) Tea Party (1773)– Intolerable Acts passed in response

– First Continental Congress (1774)– Lexington and Concord (April 1775)– Bunker Hill (June 1775)– Second Continental Congress and Olive Branch– Common Sense (January 1776)– Lee’s Resolution leads to Jefferson’s Declaration– Loyalists vs. Patriots– Hope for foreign aid (French) will not come until

Saratoga brings turning point of the war

• The Revolutionary War:– Battle of New York– Battle of Trenton– Battle of Saratoga ( Oct. 1777)– Battle of Monmouth (1778)– Yorktown (1781) brings final major victory and

leads to Paris Peace Treaty of 1783• Formal recognition of American Independence• Issue of Property Rights and acknowledgment

of private debts will remain a problem

• Problems following the War:– Debts and Inflation– Lack of strong central government (Articles of

Confederation are not working)– Shay’s Rebellion (1786)– Land claims by different colonies– Loyalty to colony not to United states– Annapolis Convention (Maryland) 1786– Land Ordinance of 1785 and Northwest Ordinance

of 1787 are two good things to come out of the Articles of Confederation

• CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION (1787)– Great Compromise (Virginia Plan vs. NJ Plan) leads

to Bi-Cameral legislature (aka Conn. Plan)– 3/5ths Compromise (& 20 year importation)– Electoral College– Checks and Balances– Separation of Powers– FederalismRatification and the fight between Federalists and

Anti-Federalists (need 3/4th of states)Federalist Essays (Hamilton, Madison, Jay)

A Republican Form of Government has three great Principles:

1.Government based upon consent of the People

2.Powers of Government should be limited3. Each branch of Government must be

checked and limited by anotherLocke; Hobbes; Montesquieu; Rousseau