MR. LIPMAN’S APUS MR. LIPMAN’S APUS CHAPTER ONE CHAPTER ONE POWERPOINTPOWERPOINT

Early European SettlementEarly European Settlement

Europeans Cross AfricaEuropeans Cross Africa

1295 – Marco Polo returned from 20 1295 – Marco Polo returned from 20 years in Chinayears in China Told stories (and wrote a book) of Told stories (and wrote a book) of

adventures adventures Evidence actually in China is weak Evidence actually in China is weak Stimulated European interest in cheaper Stimulated European interest in cheaper

route to Eastroute to East

1450 – Portuguese 2 breakthroughs in sailing1450 – Portuguese 2 breakthroughs in sailing Before – European sailors refused to sail southward Before – European sailors refused to sail southward

along coast of West Africa along coast of West Africa • Could not sail back (north) against wind and Could not sail back (north) against wind and

currents (both flowing from north to south) currents (both flowing from north to south)

1. Caravel – ship that could sail more closely into 1. Caravel – ship that could sail more closely into (against) the wind(against) the wind

2. Discovered they could sail back to Europe by 2. Discovered they could sail back to Europe by sailing northwest to Azores (islands off coast of sailing northwest to Azores (islands off coast of Spain) and then to Europe Spain) and then to Europe

Portuguese Portuguese Exploration Exploration Along the Along the

African African CoastCoast

Columbus Comes upon a New Columbus Comes upon a New WorldWorld

Events leading up to discovery of New World Events leading up to discovery of New World Europeans wanted more products from Asia Europeans wanted more products from Asia Africa established as source of cheap slave laborAfrica established as source of cheap slave labor Portuguese show feasibility of long-range voyages Portuguese show feasibility of long-range voyages Spain – modern nation-state took shape with unity, Spain – modern nation-state took shape with unity,

wealth, power to explore faraway placeswealth, power to explore faraway places Renaissance (began in 1300s) gave Europeans Renaissance (began in 1300s) gave Europeans

adventurous spirit and thirst for knowledge adventurous spirit and thirst for knowledge Printing presses (1450) allowed spread of Printing presses (1450) allowed spread of

scientific knowledge scientific knowledge Mariner’s compass invented (Arabs?)Mariner’s compass invented (Arabs?)

From New World to Old World From New World to Old World

Tobacco, beans, tomatoes, potato transformed Tobacco, beans, tomatoes, potato transformed European diet and economy European diet and economy

• 3/5 of crops today originally came from Americas 3/5 of crops today originally came from Americas

Maize, manioc (starchy tuberous root, similar to a Maize, manioc (starchy tuberous root, similar to a potato), sweet potatoes fed Africa potato), sweet potatoes fed Africa

• Ironically may have fed African population boom that Ironically may have fed African population boom that offset the population loss from the slave trade offset the population loss from the slave trade

New animals like iguana and rattlesnake New animals like iguana and rattlesnake

Syphilis introduced in Old World for 1Syphilis introduced in Old World for 1stst time time

From Old World to New World From Old World to New World

Cattle, swine, horses Cattle, swine, horses • Horses spread to Mexico and up to Canada Horses spread to Mexico and up to Canada • Great Plains Indians – Apaches, Sioux, Blackfoot Great Plains Indians – Apaches, Sioux, Blackfoot

adopted the horse and were transformed into highly adopted the horse and were transformed into highly mobile, wide-ranging hunter societiesmobile, wide-ranging hunter societies

Sugar caneSugar cane• Brought by Columbus and thrived in Caribbean Brought by Columbus and thrived in Caribbean • ““sugar revolution” in European diet, fueled by slave labor sugar revolution” in European diet, fueled by slave labor

Seeds of Kentucky bluegrass, dandelions, daisies Seeds of Kentucky bluegrass, dandelions, daisies

Smallpox, yellow fever, malaria Smallpox, yellow fever, malaria

The Columbian ExchangeThe Columbian Exchange

Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494

The Conquest of MexicoThe Conquest of Mexico

1519 – Hern1519 – Hernán Cortés sailed from Cuba to án Cortés sailed from Cuba to Mexico to conquer Aztecs Mexico to conquer Aztecs 16 fresh horses and several hundred men16 fresh horses and several hundred men

On Yucatán PeninsulaOn Yucatán Peninsula Rescued a female Indian slave who knew Rescued a female Indian slave who knew

both Mayan and Aztec languages both Mayan and Aztec languages Cortés had advantage of superior Cortés had advantage of superior

firepower and ability to understand speech firepower and ability to understand speech of the Indians he was about to conquer of the Indians he was about to conquer

Explorations of HernExplorations of Hernán Cortésán Cortés

The City of The City of TenochtitlTenochtitlánán

Principle Voyages of Principle Voyages of DiscoveryDiscovery

The Spread of Spanish AmericaThe Spread of Spanish America

1680 – Pop1680 – Popé’s Rebellioné’s Rebellion Pueblo Indians in New Mexico rebelled Pueblo Indians in New Mexico rebelled

against Spanish rule and forced Catholic against Spanish rule and forced Catholic conversion conversion

Pueblos destroyed churchs, killed scores Pueblos destroyed churchs, killed scores of priests, and hundreds of Spanish of priests, and hundreds of Spanish settlers settlers

Took nearly 50 years for Spanish to re-Took nearly 50 years for Spanish to re-conquer Pueblos after conquer Pueblos after PopPopé’s Rebellioné’s Rebellion

Explorations of Robert de La SalleExplorations of Robert de La Salle

Spanish did kill, enslave, infect countless Spanish did kill, enslave, infect countless nativesnatives But this was not a systematic slaughter But this was not a systematic slaughter

(like the Holocaust) (like the Holocaust)

Spain also brought some benefits to Spain also brought some benefits to nativesnatives• Technology, law, culture, religion Technology, law, culture, religion

Natives brought some benefits to SpanishNatives brought some benefits to Spanish

• Spanish intermarried with natives and Spanish intermarried with natives and fused native cultures into their ownfused native cultures into their own

KEYS TO THE CHAPTERKEYS TO THE CHAPTER

1. Spanish intermarry and assimilate2. English will push Indians away3. Columbian Exchange changes

world trade and begins 1st stage of globalization

4.Spanish headed West because Portugal had headed East but both were seeking to expand trade

5. Three G’s and an S