mozardTa Soris Zaladobis problemis · PDF fileanalizi mozardTa Soris Zaladobis problemis...
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kanonmdeblobis
analizi
mozardTa Soris Zaladobis
problemis gadasaWrelad
elene JorJolaZe
saqarTvelos parlamentis janmrTelobis dacvisa
da socialur sakiTxTa komiteti27-28 Tebervali, 2008
proeqtis mizani
1. saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis maregulirebelifunqciis ganxorcielebis efeqtianobisgaanalizeba;
2. Tanamedrove moTxovnebTan saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisobis Seswavla;
3. saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi aqtebisa daucxoeTis ganviTarebuli qveynebis Sesabamisisakanonmdeblo bazis ganzogadeba da misiSedarebiTi analizi saqarTveloskanonmdeblobasTan.
gaanalizda• Sesabamisi normatiuli aqtebi;
• normatiul aqtebSi ganxorcielebuli cvlilebebi;
• saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis Teoriul-samarTlebrivi mxare, kanonmdeblobis praqtikaSi gamoyeneba da saTanado Sedegebi;
• ucxoeTis qveynebis Sesabamisi normatiuli aqtebis analizi samarTlebrivi sistemis Taviseburebebis gaTvaliswinebiT;
• zogierTi qveynis statistika kanonmdeblobis praqtikaSi gamoyenebis Taobaze.
saxelmwifos
maregulirebeli funqciis
ori mimarTuleba:L
2. prevenciuli _ aradamsjelobiTi RonisZiebebi, orientirebuli profilaqtikaze, anu SesaZlo kriminaluri Sedegebis Tavidan acilebaze
1. damsjelobiTi _ saxelmwifo iZulebis RonisZiebebi, orientirebuli ukve damdgari Sedegis mimarT
ganxilul iqna:
• saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi;
• saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso
kodeqsi;
• `patimrobis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanoni;
• instruqcia, damtkicebuli saqarTvelos Sinagan
saqmeTa ministris 2006 wlis 17 maisis #635
brZanebiT `arasrulwlovanTa mier da maT
mimarT Cadenil danaSaulTa aRmkveTi
saqmianobis organizebis Sesaxeb~.
Aarasrulwlovnis definicia
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis
kodeqsis mixedviT
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis
kodeqsis moqmedi redaqcia
arasrulwlovnad Tvlis pirs, romelsac
danaSaulis Cadenisas Seusrulda
ToTxmeti weli, magram ar Sesrulebia
Tvrameti weli.
arasrulwlovnebTan dakavSirebuli
sisxlis samarTlis kanonis normebi
arasrulwlovnebTan dakavSirebuli sisxlis samarTlis kanonis normebi SeiZleba ganxilul iqnes ori ZiriTadi mimarTulebiT:
1. kanoni arasrulwlovans ganixilavs, rogorc gansakuTrebulad dacul sikeTes –danaSaulis obieqts. arasrulwlovanTa mimarT Cadenili rigi danaSauli met sisxlissamarTlebriv pasuxismgeblobas iwvevs, vidre srulwlovnis mimarT Cadenili;
2. kanoni arasrulwlovans ganixilavs daculi sikeTisa da marTlwesrigis xelmyofad _ danaSaulis subieqtad.
• arasrulwlovani ganixileba ra danaSaulis obieqtad, mis mimarT Cadenili danaSauli ufro mkacrad isjeba, vidre srulwlovnis mimarT. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi calkeul SemTxvevaSi danaSaulad acxadebs mxolod iseT qmedebebs, romlebmac SeiZleba ziani miayenon arasrulwlovan pirebs; magram sxva SemTxvevaSi igive qmedeba ar aris marTlsawinaaRmdego.
magaliTad, arasrulwlovnis dayolieba maTxovrobaze an sxva antisazogadoebriv qmedebaze iwvevs sisxlissamarTlebriv pasuxismgeblobas, Tumca igive qmedeba, Cadenili srulwlovan pirTa mimarT samarTlebriv pasuxismgeblobas ar iwvevs (sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 171-e muxli).
• arasrulwlovani ganixileba ra
danaSaulis subieqtad, mas SesaZloa
daeniSnos saqarTvelos sisxlis
samarTlis kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli
sasjelis yvela saxe, garda
Tavisuflebis uvado aRkveTisa, anu mas
SeiZleba daeniSnos sasjeli an
aRmzrdelobiTi xasiaTis iZulebiTi
RonisZieba.
sakanonmdeblo SezRudvebi
sasjelis daniSvnisas
14-dan 16 wlamde arasrulwlovnisaTvis
dakisrebuli
• Tavisuflebis aRkveTa
ara umetes 10 wlisa;
• Tavisuflebis SezRudva
ara umetes 4 wlisa.
aRmzrdelobiTi xasiaTis
iZulebiTi RonisZiebebi
iTvaliswinebs:
• arasrulwlovnis gafrTxilebas;
• arasrulwlovnis sazedamxedvelod gadacemas;
• arasrulwlovnisaTvis zianis anazRaurebis movaleobis dakisrebas;
• arasrulwlovnis qcevis SezRudvas;
• arasrulwlovnis moTavsebas specialur aRmzrdelobiT an samkurnalo aRmzrdelobiT dawesebulebaSi.
Aarasrulwlovnis definicia
saqarTvelos sisxlis
samarTlis saproceso
kodeqsis mixedviT
14 wlidan 18 wlamde piri ganixileba
arasrulwlovnad,
14 wlamde piri _ mcirewlovnad.
saqarTvelos sisxlis
samarTlis saproceso
kodeqsi icnobs aRkveTis
RonisZiebis Semdeg saxeebs:
• braldebulis dapatimreba;
• girao;
• piradi Tavdeboba;
• samxedro mosamsaxuris sardlobismeTvalyureobaSi gadacema;
• arasrulwlovani braldebulismeTvalyureobaSi gadacema.
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso
kodeqsis Tanaxmad
• dapatimreba, rogorc wesi, argamoiyeneba arasrulwlovan pirTamimarT. ZiriTadad unda moxdes maTimeTvalyureobaSi gadacema;
• arasrulwlovani braldebulismeTvalyureobaSi gadacema aris aRkveTisRonisZiebis erT-erTi yvelaze msubuqiforma;
• praqtikaSi arasrulwlovanbraldebulTa mimarT aRkveTisRonisZiebis saxed umTavresadgamoiyeneba girao an dapatimreba.
saqarTvelos parlamentis mier 2007
wels am sferoSi ganxorcielebuli
mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi:
1. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTliskodeqsSi Setanil iqna cvlileba, romlis Tanaxmad,
arasrulwlovanTaTvis gamkacrdasisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobagarkveul danaSaulze, SemcirdaSeracxadobis asaki _ sisxlissamarTlebrivipasuxismgebloba dawesda 12 wlidan;
2. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlissaproceso kodeqsSi Setanil iqnacvlileba, romlis Tanaxmad,
dadginda arasrulwlovnis mier Cadenili
danaSaulis saqmis warmoebis ganxorcielebamxolod im mosamarTleebis, prokurorebisada gamomZieblebis mier, romlebmac gaiaresspecialuri momzadeba pedagogikasa dafsiqologiaSi.
es garemoeba mniSvnelovani da pozitiurinovaciaa saproceso kanonmdeblobaSi da, faqtobrivad, Tanamedrove evropuligamocdilebis gaziarebas warmoadgens.
3. `patimrobis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos
kanonSi Setanil iqna cvlilebebi, romlebic 2008 wlis 1 ivlissamoqmeddeba. am cvlilebebis Tanaxmad,
1. erTmaneTisagan gaimijna TormetidanToTxmet wlamde da ToTxmetidan Tvrametwlamde arasrulwlovanTaaRmzrdelobiTi dawesebulebebi;
2. am kategoriis msjavrdebulTaTvisdawesda gansxvavebuli mopyrobis wesebi.
prevenciuli xasiaTis saxelmwifoebrivi
zemoqmedebis RonisZiebebis gamoyenebis sakiTxebs
awesrigebs instruqcia, damtkicebuli
saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa ministris 2006 wlis
17 maisis #635 brZanebiT `arasrulwlovanTa mier
da maT mimarT Cadenil danaSaulTa aRmkveTi
saqmianobis organizebis Sesaxeb~. am instruqciis
Tanaxmad:
• arasrulwlovanTa problemebze muSaobakriminaluri policiis departamentisinspeqtorebis kompetencias ganekuTvneba;
• maTi saqmianoba emyareba zonaluri dayofisprincips;
• erTi inspeqtoris sakuratoro zonaSi ar undaiyos 18 wlamde asakis 4000 arasrulwlovanzemeti.
instruqciis xarvezad SeiZleba
CaiTvalos:
• saTanadod ar aris mowesrigebuliarasrulwlovanTa inspeqtorebis meurveobisada mzrunvelobis organoebis koordinaciissakiTxi;
• ar aris daregulirebuli socialuri muSakebiskoordinaciis sakiTxi;
• cxadia, rom saSualod 4 aTasiarasrulwlovniT dasaxlebul teritoriazeinstruqciiT gaTvaliswinebuli RonisZiebebisganxorcielebas erTi inspeqtori veruzrunvelyofs.
bralis Seracxadobis
asakobrivi zRvari ucxo
qveynebSi
• asaki, romlis dadgomis Semdegac pirs braladSeeracxeba mis mier CadenilimarTlsawinaaRmdego qmedeba, yvelgan identuriar aris da damokidebulia ama Tu im qveyanaSidamkvidrebul kulturul-istoriultradiciebze. amJamad bralis Seracxaobis asakisxvadasxva qveynis mixedviT 7 wlidan 18 wlamdemeryeobs;
• evropis umetes qveynebSi sisxlis samarTlispasuxismgeblobis minimaluri asaki 14 welia.
asaki q v e y a n a
7 egvipte, indoeTi, kviprosi, quveiTi, nigeria, axali gvinea, samx.
afrika, singapuri, honkongi bangladeSi
8 Sotlandia, Sri-lanka, zambia, kaimanis kunZulebi, indonezia
9 eTiopia, malta, omani
10 inglisi, avstralia, axali zelandia, kameruni, malaizia, saudis
arabeTi, uelsi, fiji, Crd. irlandia
11 TurqeTi
12 niderlandebi, san-marino, korea, maroko, meqsika, iamaika, israeli,
kanada, uganda,
13 estoneTi, monako, nigeria, saberZneTi, safrangeTi
14 avstria, bosnia-hercegovina, bulgareTi, germania, iaponia, italia,
latvia, litva, rumineTi, slovenia, ungreTi, taivani, CineTi,
xorvatia, aSS-is zogierTi Stati
15 dania, islandia, laosi, norvegia, poloneTi, slovakeTi, fineTi,
SvedeTi, CexeTi
16 andora, belgia, espaneTi, luqsemburgi, mozambiki, portugalia, Cile
18gvinea, ekvadori, venesuela, kolumbia
minimaluri asakobrivi
zRvari
minimaluri asakobrivi zRvari
qveyana sisxlis
samarTlis
pasuxismgeblobis
saSualo
skolis
damTavrebis
qorwinebis
gogonebi/vaJebi
dasaqmebis
inglisi, uelsi 10 16 16 16
niderlandebi 12 16 16 16
safrangeTi 13 16 18 16
avstria 14 15 15/18 15
germania 14 15 16 15
italia 14 14 16 15
dania 15 16 15 15
fineTi 15 16 18* 15
islandia 15 16 18 16
norvegia 15 16 18* 15
SvedeTi 15 16 18* 16
minimaluri asakobrivi
zRvari* gansakuTrebul SemTxvevebSi dasaSvebia 18 wlamde, magram qveda zRvari
dazustebuli ar aris.
minimaluri asakobrivi zRvari
qveyana sisxlis
samarTlis
pasuxismgeblobis
saSualo
skolis
damTavrebis
qorwinebis
gogonebi/vaJebi
dasaqmebis
TurqeTi 11 14 14/15 13
rumineTi 14 14 15/18 15
CexeTi 15 15 16 15
poloneTi 15 18 16 15
estoneTi 13 15 15 15
latvia 14 15 16 15
portugalia 16 15 16 15
espaneTi 16 16 14 16
slovenia 14 15 18* 15
arasrulwlovanTa
sasamarTlo sistema
• evropis TiTqmis yvela qveyanaSi sisxlis
samarTlis kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli
danaSaulis CadenaSi mxilebul
arasrulwlovan pirs asamarTlebs
arasrulwlovanTa saqmeebis sasamarTlo.
• evropis qveynebis umetesobaSi
saxelmwifos midgoma orientirebulia
prevenciul da ara damsjelobiT
RonisZiebaTa gamoyenebaze.
SedarebiTma analizma aCvena1. saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba, miuxedavad calkeuli
pozitiuri cvlilebisa, saWiroebs srulyofas samarTlebriviurTierTobebis maregulirebeli funqciis efeqtianiganxorcielebis TvalsazrisiT;
2. saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis erT-erT mniSvnelovan xarvezadSeiZleba miviCnioT saqarTvelos administraciulsamarTaldarRvevaTa kodeqsis, am sakmaod moqnilisamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis sistemis, arasaTanadogamoyeneba;
3. saqarTvelos administraciul samarTaldarRvevaTa kodeqsSiSesabamisi cvlilebis Setana _ arasrulwlovanTa calkeuliantisazogadoebrivi qmedebisaTvis administraciulipasuxismgeblobis daweseba, saxelmwifo organoebis xelSiefeqtiani saSualeba gaxdeba arasrulwlovanTa danaSauliswinaaRmdeg brZolaSi. amasTanave, saTanado praqtikuliimplementaciis pirobebSi igi kargi safuZveli iqnebaarasrulwlovanTa danaSaulebis dekriminalizaciisaTvis.
am sferoSi Catarebulma
gamokvlevebma cxadyo:
• mTeli msoflios masStabiT arasrulwlovanTamarTlmsajulebis sistema Soris arissrulyofilebisagan;
• problemas warmoadgens ara TviT es sistema an misdasaxvewad SerCeuli meTodebi, aramed is socialuriTu ekonomikuri faqtorebi, romlebic SesabamissamarTaldarRvevebs warmoqmnis. yovelive amisgaTvaliswinebiT mniSvnelovania am Zireuli mizezebisgamovlena da aRmofxvra;
• dasasrul, rac yvelaze mniSvnelovania, prioritetiunda mieniWos ara damnaSaveobis winaaRmdeg brZolas, aramed damnaSaveobis prevencias.
didi madloba
yuradRebisaTvis