monuments of France

8/14/2019 monuments of France

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ASSIGNMENT OF FRENCHON

MONUMENTS OF FRANCE

BY:JYOTSNA SINGH

R.NO.(D24)

MBA-HR


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The Eiffel Tower (French: Tour Eiffel, [tufl]) is a19th century ironlattice towerlocated on the Champ de Mars in Paris that has becomeboth a global icon ofFrance and one of the most recognizable structures in the world.The Eiffel Tower, which is the tallest building in Paris,[1] is the single most visited paidmonument in the world; millions of people ascend it every year. Named after its designer,engineerGustave Eiffel, the tower was built as the entrance arch for the 1889 World's

Fair.

The tower stands at 324 m (1,063 ft) tall, about the same height as an 81-story building. Itwas the tallest structure in the world from its completion until 1930, when it was eclipsedby the Chrysler Building inNew York City. Not includingbroadcast antennas, it is thesecond-tallest structure in France, behind the Millau Viaduct, completed in 2004. Andwhile the Eiffel Tower is a steel structure, and weighs approximately 10,000 tonnes, itactually has a relatively low density, weighing less than a cylinder of air occupying thesame dimensions as the tower.

The tower has three levels for visitors. Tickets can be purchased to ascend either on stairs

orlifts to the first and second levels. The walk to the first level is over 300 steps, as is thewalk from the first to the second level. The third and highest level is only accessible bylift. Both the first and second levels feature restaurants.

The tower has become the most prominent symbol of both Paris and France. The tower isa featured part of the backdrop in literally scores of movies that take place in Paris. Itsiconic status is so established that it even serves as a symbol for the entire nation of
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France, such as when it was used as the logo for the French bid to host the 1992 SummerOlympics.

The Muse du Louvre or officially the Grand Louvre in English, the LouvreMuseum orGreat Louvre, or simply the Louvre is the largest national museum ofFrance, the most visited museum in the world, and a historic monument. It is a centrallandmark ofParis, located on the Right Bankof the Seine in the 1st arrondissement(neighbourhood). Nearly 35,000 objects from prehistory to the 19th century are exhibitedover an area of 60,600 square metres (652,300 square feet).

The museum is housed in the Louvre Palace (Palais du Louvre) which began as a fortressbuilt in the late 12th century underPhilip II. Remnants of the fortress are still visible. The

building was extended many times to form the present Louvre Palace. In 1672, LouisXIV chose the Palace of Versailles for his household, leaving the Louvre primarily as aplace to display the royal collection, including, from 1692, a collection of antiquesculpture. In 1692, the building was occupied by the Acadmie des Inscriptions et BellesLettres and the Acadmie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture, which in 1699 held the firstof a series of salons. The Acadmie remained at the Louvre for 100 years. During theFrench Revolution, theNational Assembly decreed that the Louvre should be used as amuseum, to display the nation's masterpieces.

The museum opened on 10 August 1793 with an exhibition of 537 paintings, the majorityof the works being confiscated church and royal property. Because of structural problems

with the building, the museum was closed in 1796 until 1801. The size of the collectionincreased underNapoleon when the museum was renamed the Muse Napolon. Afterhis defeat at Waterloo, many works seized by Napoleon's armies were returned to theiroriginal owners. The collection was further increased during the reigns ofLouis XVIIIand Charles X, and during the Second French Empire the museum gained 20,000 pieces.Holdings have grown steadily through donations and gifts since the Third Republic,except during the two World Wars. As of 2008, the collection is divided among eightcuratorial departments: Egyptian Antiquities; Near Eastern Antiquities; Greek, Etruscan,
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and Roman Antiquities; Islamic Art; Sculpture; Decorative Arts; Paintings; Prints andDrawings.

The Palais Garnier, also known as the Opra deParis orOpra Garnier, but more commonly as the Paris Opra, is a 2,200-seat operahouse on the Place de l'Opra in Paris, France. A grand landmark designed by CharlesGarnierin theNeo-Baroque style, it is regarded as one of the architectural masterpieces

of its time.

The building is located in the 9th arrondissement of Paris and is served by the metrostation Opra.

Upon its inauguration in 1875, the opera house was officially named the AcadmieNationale de Musique - Thtre de l'Opra. It retained this title until 1978 when it was re-named the Thtre National de l'Opra de Paris. Afterthe opera company chose theOpra Bastille as their principal theatre upon its completion in 1989, the theatre was re-named as the Palais Garnier, though its more official name, the Acadmie Nationale deMusique, is still sprawled above the columns of its front faade. In spite of the change of

names and the Opera company's relocation to the Opra Bastille, the Palais Garnier is stillknown by many people as the Paris Opra, as have all of the many theatres which haveserved as the principal venues of the Parisian Opera and Ballet since its founding.

Corbiac is a historic chapel and formermonastery located in the French Pyrenees(dpartement Pyrnes-Orientales) between the villages ofMolitg-les-Bains and Mosset.

Its Gothic chapel was built in the 13th century with a single nave and equipped with agallery from the late 16th century, and an apse decorated with frescoes from the 17th. Atthe end of the 16th century, the Trinitarian Orderfounded a monastery here. Severalobjects originating from the chapel are now preserved in the church at Mosset.

In 1989, the buildings were bought by Rosemary Bailey, a British writer, and her partner.[1] Their restoration of the property featured in Bailey's book, Life in a Postcard - Escapeto the French Pyrenees.[2] They sold the property in 2006.

In 2000, Corbiac was listed as a monument historiqueby the French Ministry of Culture.Despite this, Corbiac is still a private house and not open to the public.
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Notre Dame de Paris ('Our Lady of Paris' in French), alsoknown as the Notre Dame Cathedral, is a Gothic, Roman CatholicCathedral on theeastern half of the le de la Cit in the fourth arrondissement ofParis, France. It is thecathedral of the Catholic archdiocese of Paris: that is, it is the church that contains the"cathedra", or official chair, of the Archbishop of Paris, Andr Cardinal Vingt-Trois.Notre Dame de Paris is widely considered one of the finest examples of French Gothicarchitecture in the world. It was restored and saved from destruction by Eugne Viollet-le-Duc, one of France's most famous architects. The name Notre Dame means "OurLady" in French, and is frequently used in the names of Catholic church buildings in

Francophone countries. Notre Dame de Paris was one of the first Gothic cathedrals, andits construction spanned the Gothic period. Its sculptures and stained glass show theheavy influence ofnaturalism, unlike that of earlierRomanesque architecture.

Notre Dame de Paris was among the first buildings in the world to use the flying buttress(arched exterior supports). The building was not originally designed to include the flyingbuttresses around the choirand nave. After the construction began and the thinner walls(popularized in the Gothic style) grew ever higher, stress fractures began to occur as thewalls pushed outward. In response, the cathedral's architects built supports around theoutside walls, and later additions continued the pattern.

The cathedral suffered desecration during the radical phase of the French Revolution inthe 1790s, when much of its religious imagery was damaged or destroyed. During the19th century, an extensive restoration project was completed, returning the cathedral toits previous state.

The chteaux, numbering more than three hundred, represent a nation of buildersstarting with the necessary castlefortifications in the 10th century to the splendor of thosebuilt half a millennium later. When the French kings began constructing their hugechteaux here, the nobility, not wanting or even daring to be far from the seat of power,followed suit. Their presence in the lush, fertile valley began attracting the very bestlandscape designers.
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Chteau de Valenay.

By the middle of the 16th century, King Francois I, had shifted the center of power inFrance from the Loire back to the ancient capital of Paris. With him went the greatarchitects, but the Loire Valley continued to be the place where most of the Frenchroyalty preferred to spend the bulk of their time. The ascension ofKing Louis XIV in themiddle of the 17th century made Paris the permanent site for great royal chteaux when

he built the Palace of Versailles. Nonetheless, those who gained the king's favour and thewealthybourgeoisie, continued to renovate existing chteaux or build lavish new ones astheir summer residence in the Loire.

The French Revolution saw a number of the great French chteaux destroyed and manyransacked, their treasures stolen. The overnight impoverishment of many of the deposednobility, usually after one of its members lost their head to the guillotine, saw manychteaux demolished. During World War I and World War II, some chateaux werecommandeered as military headquarters. Some of these continued to be used this wayafter the end of WWII.

Today, these privately owned chteaux serve as homes, a few open their doors to touristvisits, while others are operated as hotels or bed and breakfasts. Many have been takenover by a local government authority or the giant structures like those at Chambord areowned and operated by the national government and are major tourist sites, attractinghundreds of thousands of visitors each year.
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