Modul 07 Transmisi

PENGENALAN TEKNIK TELEKOMUNIKASI

Modul : 07Transmisi

PENGENALAN TEKNIK TELEKOMUNIKASI

Modul : 07Transmisi

Program Studi S1 - Teknik TelekomunikasiJurusan Teknik Elektro – Institut Teknologi Telkom

BANDUNG, 2012

PengTekTel-Modul:7- Transmis

BLOK SISTEM KOMUNIKASI

TI TxMedia

CommunicationTransducer

InputTransmitter

MessageInput

SinyalInput

SinyalKirim

RxTO

MediaCommunication

TransducerOutput Receiver

MessageOutput

Loss,Distorsi,

Noise,Interferensi

SinyalOutput

SignalTerima

Message : informasi seperti suara, data, gambar, video, kode

Signal : bentuk listrik dari informasi

Transducer : mengubah informasi menjadi sinyal listrik dan sebaliknya


BLOK SISTEM KOMUNIKASI RADIO ANALOG

Basebandfrom

Multiplex

Basebandfrom

MultiplexBasebandEquipment

ModulatorAnalog

IF EquipmentLimiter

Up-Converter

PA

LocalOscillator

WaveguideFilter

LocalOscillator

WaveguideFilter

Down -Converter

Demodulator Analog

IF Filter &Amplifier

BasebandEquipment

Base band toDemultiplex

Base band toDemultiplex

ANTENNA


Modulasi / Demodulasi

Modulasi adalah proses menumpangkan sinyalinformasi kedalam gelombang pembawa

Demodulasi adalah proses mengambil kembalisinyal informasi yang ditumpangkan

Teknik Modulasi / Demodulasi dilakukan denganmengubah parameter gelombang pembawa, antaralain :AmplitudoFrekwensiPhasa

Modulasi adalah proses menumpangkan sinyalinformasi kedalam gelombang pembawa

Demodulasi adalah proses mengambil kembalisinyal informasi yang ditumpangkan

Teknik Modulasi / Demodulasi dilakukan denganmengubah parameter gelombang pembawa, antaralain :AmplitudoFrekwensiPhasa


PCM Sisi Kirim

Sampling,Compressing, Quantizing, Coding Sisi Terima

Decoding,Expanding,Low Pass Filter

Sampling Compressor Quantizing Coding TCH.1 LPF Sampling

R

Compressor Quantizing

ExpandorCh Gate

Coding T

Decoding

CH.n

LPF

LPF

CH.1

CH.n

LPF

LPF

Transmisi


Sampling

Adalah proses modulasi amplitudo yangmerupakan langkah persiapan untuk merubahsinyal analog menjadi sinyal digital atau sinyalPAM

Sinyal PAM

LPFSinyal Input

Freq Sampling

Sinyal PAM


Quantizing Adalah proses awal untuk merubah sinyal PAM

menjadi susunan digit, dimana sinyal hasilsampling dihargakan pada tegangan pembandingterdekat

Quantisasi Uniform Quantisasi Non-Uniform

Adalah proses awal untuk merubah sinyal PAMmenjadi susunan digit, dimana sinyal hasilsampling dihargakan pada tegangan pembandingterdekat

Quantisasi Uniform Quantisasi Non-Uniform

Sinyal PAM Sinyal PAM Ter-KuantisasiPengTekTel-Modul:7- Transmis

Coding Pada tahapan ini semua sinyal yang sudah dikuantisasi

diubah menjadi kode 8 bit S A B C W X Y Z S = Polaritas sinyal PAM ABC = Nomor Segmen dalam 0 s/d 7 (biner) WXYZ = Nomor interval 0 s/d 15 (Biner)

Pada tahapan ini semua sinyal yang sudah dikuantisasidiubah menjadi kode 8 bit

S A B C W X Y Z S = Polaritas sinyal PAM ABC = Nomor Segmen dalam 0 s/d 7 (biner) WXYZ = Nomor interval 0 s/d 15 (Biner)


Multiplexing Adalah proses penggabungan beberapa saluran atau kanal

pembicaraan (VBW) menjadi satu kedalam bentuk sinyal lain,untuk disalurkan secara bersamaan tanpa saling mengganggu

Jenis-jenis Multiplexer FDM (Frequency Division Multiplex) TDM (Time Division Multiplex)


Multiplexing• Multiplexing is sending more than one signal on a

carrier.• There are two standard types of multiplexing.

– Frequency-Division Multiplexing (FDM): themedium carries a number of signals, which havedifferent frequencies; the signals are carriedsimultaneously.

– Time-Division Multiplexing (TDM): differentsignals are transmitted over the same medium butthey do so at different times – they take turns.

• Multiplexing is sending more than one signal on acarrier.

• There are two standard types of multiplexing.– Frequency-Division Multiplexing (FDM): the

medium carries a number of signals, which havedifferent frequencies; the signals are carriedsimultaneously.

– Time-Division Multiplexing (TDM): differentsignals are transmitted over the same medium butthey do so at different times – they take turns.


Multiplexing• There are several data inputs and one of them is

routed to the output (possibly the sharedcommunication channel).– Like selecting a television channel (although that

example is FDM).• In addition to data inputs, there must be selectinputs.– The select inputs determine which data input gets

through.• How many select pins are needed?

– Depends on number of data inputs.

• There are several data inputs and one of them isrouted to the output (possibly the sharedcommunication channel).– Like selecting a television channel (although that

example is FDM).• In addition to data inputs, there must be selectinputs.– The select inputs determine which data input gets

through.• How many select pins are needed?

– Depends on number of data inputs.


Mutiplexing

Multiplexing allows one to select one of the many possible sources.


Typical Application of a MUX

MP3 PlayerDocking Station

D0

D1

D2

D3

Multiple Sources Single DestinationSelector

LaptopSound Card

DigitalSatellite

DigitalCable TV

Surround Sound System

MU

X

D0

D1

D2

D3

Y

B A Selected Source

0 0 MP3

0 1 Laptop

1 0 Satellite

1 1 Cable TV


4-to-1 Multiplexer (MUX)

MU

X

D0

D1

D2

D3

Y

B A

B A Y

0 0 D0

0 1 D1

1 0 D2

1 1 D3

B A


4-to-1 Multiplexer WaveformsD0

D1

D2

InputData

D3

A

B

YD0 D1 D2 D3 D0 D1 D2 D3

SelectLine

OutputData


Demultiplexing

Demultiplexing allows one to select one of the many possible destinations.


Typical Application of a DEMUXSingle Source Multiple DestinationsSelector

D0

D1

D2

D3DE

MU

X

B/W LaserPrinter

FaxMachine

D0

D1

D2

D3

X

DE

MU

X

B A Selected Destination

0 0 B/W Laser Printer

0 1 Fax Machine

1 0 Color Inkjet Printer

1 1 Pen Plotter

Color InkjetPrinter

PenPlotter


1-to-4 De-Multiplexer (DEMUX)

D0

D1

D2

D3

X

B A

DE

MU

X

B A D0 D1 D2 D3

0 0 X 0 0 0

0 1 0 X 0 0

1 0 0 0 X 0

1 1 0 0 0 X


1-to-4 De-Multiplexer WaveformsX

S0

S1

SelectLine

InputData

D0

D1

D2

D3

OutputData


Multiplexing TechniquesMultiplexing Techniques

Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) Each signal is allocated a different frequency band Usually used with analog signals Modulation equipment is needed to move each

signal to the required frequency band (channel) Multiple carriers are used, each is called sub-carrier Multiplexing equipment is needed to combine

the modulated signals

Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) Usually used with digital signal is carrying digital data Data from various sources are carried in

repetitive frames Each frame consists of of a set of time slots Each source is assigned one or more time

slots per frame

Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) Each signal is allocated a different frequency band Usually used with analog signals Modulation equipment is needed to move each

signal to the required frequency band (channel) Multiple carriers are used, each is called sub-carrier Multiplexing equipment is needed to combine

the modulated signals

Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) Usually used with digital signal is carrying digital data Data from various sources are carried in

repetitive frames Each frame consists of of a set of time slots Each source is assigned one or more time

slots per frame


FDM


Frequency-Division Multiplexing (FDM)

• All signals are sent simultaneously, each assigned its ownfrequency

• Using filters all signals can be retrieved


FDM System OverviewFDM System Overview

5/28PengTekTel-Modul:7- Transmis

FDM example: multiplexing of three voiceFDM example: multiplexing of three voicesignalssignals The bandwidth of a voice signal

is generally taken to be 4KHz,with an effective spectrum of300-3400Hz

Such a signal is used to AMmodulate 64 KHz carrier

The bandwidth of the modulatedsignal is 8KHz and consists ofthe Lower Side Band (LSB) andUSB as in (b)

To make efficient use ofbandwidth, transmit only the LSB

If three voice signals are used tomodulate carriers at 64, 68 and72 KHz, and only the LSB istaken, the resulting spectrumwill be as shown in (c)

6/28

The bandwidth of a voice signalis generally taken to be 4KHz,with an effective spectrum of300-3400Hz

Such a signal is used to AMmodulate 64 KHz carrier

The bandwidth of the modulatedsignal is 8KHz and consists ofthe Lower Side Band (LSB) andUSB as in (b)

To make efficient use ofbandwidth, transmit only the LSB

If three voice signals are used tomodulate carriers at 64, 68 and72 KHz, and only the LSB istaken, the resulting spectrumwill be as shown in (c)


TDM

12

CH.1

CH.2 12

CH.2

CH.1

43CH.3

CH.4

43 CH.4

CH.3

SISI KIRIM SISI TERIMA


Time-Division Multiplexing– Transmitting digitized data over one medium

• Wires or optical fibers• Pulses representing bits from different time slots

– Two Types:• Synchronous TDM• Asynchronous TDM

– Transmitting digitized data over one medium• Wires or optical fibers• Pulses representing bits from different time slots

– Two Types:• Synchronous TDM• Asynchronous TDM


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Modul 07 Transmisi

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