Architecture+Participation

Politics of Participation

[1]Architecture's Public

Frustration and revolt of architecture school+architect status nowadays

the ambiguity of architects role

credibility of architect

history of architect power among history

the specialization architecture: Art Vs. Technology [schools]

The sink of architect role; Modern Movement cultural renewal

the raise of architecture public

3 reasons they fail [1] based on economic power, social status[2] small group set of process and control[3] restricted relation between clients, owners …etc

good question: why Architecture is no longer credible?

Dealing with the problem of "HOW" ignoring the problem of "WHY"

Faith in HOW and ignorance of WHY

at Hoddesdon, as at Frankfurt casestudy

5 Good reasons for the non-credibility of arch.

Architecture is important to be left to architects

important concept to develop new practice and new behaviour Architecture alters the context in which its placed

architecture depends on social structure

Participation and scientific method

the difference between planning FOR users and planning WITH them

Quality of consensus and quality of plan

the discovery of the users' needs

The formulation of the hypotheses

allow new participation mood

involve the users

actions/ satisfaction

administration and use

conclusion on guidelines of new participation

requires growth and flexibility

[2] The negotiation of hope

New Deal Communities

Ideals and issues of participation

argument: participation presents a threat normative architectural values

placatory participation different definitions perspectives

Degrees of participation*

[1]citizen control[2] delegated power[3] partnership[4] placation[5] consultation[6] informing[7] therapy[8] manipulation Pseudo-participation : Carole Pateman

full participation

partial participation

Transformative Participation

acknowledge the imbalance of power and knowledge

political that affect people's live

Koolhass defines practice as 3 stages

• elation• suspense• disappointment

The expert-citizen/ citizen-expert

architecture knowledge can't be applied as an abstract object

the work has to depend on the context/ situation rather than solve from outside

a process of two-ways for the architect

Negotiating Space

communication

positioning the participation in the architecture practice

The problem of the problem

sense making : new design process

urban storeytellingnew model for communication

4 stages of the appropriateness o f conversation to the architecture participatory process

temporal

social occupation space

stories personal and social: describe the world around case study : Table Manners: j. Till

making best sense

HOPE is based on making the best sense

• no ones is perfect• involve in the process• identifies the architecture practice

Conclusion: the negotiation of hope

[3] losing Control, Keeping Desire [very important]

line of flights

case study: aaa [studio of self-managed architecture]

network of self-managed places

ecobox case study

line of flights: Guattari & Deleuze

Desire & Bricolage

Participation needs desire

How to make desire visible?

Desire relates to otherness, multiple, different

participatory design is a collective bricolage

Molecular revolutions

power placement

cities driven by economic desire

Desire before power, why?

Urban action

whats urban action?

Green Guerrilla's activist actions, 1970 NY - http://guerrillagardening.org

jardins partages, France - http://jardins-partages.org

Ecobox part of DIY - line of flights progress

How to sustain the long-term participation-in-progress?

how [aaa] works?

Small change: Guattari stressed on sizing the critical scale of experiment

Transversal Participation

organized participation and Transversal participation

nice idea: discussion space

transitional devices for liberating desires

ecobox as a platform

case study: Free access space http://utangente.free.fr

the memory of place http://bok.net/pajol

co-produce participation how ecobox officially works

knowledge and space are produced the same time and by different participants

Tactical practice : Michel De Certeau "Urban Resistance" - very important

Autonomy and subjectivation

The architect-user/ the user-architect

Design-action

practice of architect-user called design action

creativity in use

Example: urban park fiction project

Urban kitchen part of ecobox

its a middle approach

"Politics of location" concept

Urban curatingnew planning tool

Meike shalk, www.soc.nu/urbancurating

what is changed when participation is part of curatorial practice rather than part on the mainstream planning process?

public space of proximity

proximity centres resulted from radical movements

centrosociale leoncavallo, www.leoncavallo.org

Other spaces - leaving spaces for others

ecobox strategy - leftover space

how we can maintain 'otherness' as a rule within both planning and use?

urban catalysis

investigates the potential of temporary uses as a motor of urban change

urbancatalysis.de

definitively temporary zones

Nomadic planning and rhizomatic participation micropolitical

planning is transforming the imagination as it transforms the place

[4] Mass housing cannot be sustained

Pattern Language

[5] Reinventing public participation: planning in the age of consensus

INTRO

• intro: the nature of new practice of participation• important questions of what participation?…• debate on participation: the possibility of consensus? • Participation vs governments: Anthony Giddens - third way• new vision of planning vaunt recognize consensus • pragmatic consensus • planning in face of power • how participation could remove power?• Participation may not lead to consensus

Planning theory: a short history of contingent rationalitycritical idea: emergence pf consensus

try to resolve the "problem" of power

Rational Planning

Mannheim's concept on rationality and irrationality

the communicative turn • emerging device to break rationality• 5 characteristics of collaborative planning• some thesis about communication• important: communicative approach vs power a turn towards a dark side?

Foucault ideas on rationality and policy processs

in communication: power can be understand as positive instead of negative Consensus in planning in Britain

What's consensus building?

Sidaway identifies 3 specific distinctions

ideal and pragmatic consensus

should be all agreed from all parties

ways of choose decisions: • exclusion of people• exclusion of issues• exclusion of outcomes

CONCLUSION

rational planning to collaborative planning

consensus based approach • the traditional one is not practical • new approach of 3 exclusion of people, issues, outcomes• potential of participation may lead to spatial and social justice

[6] How inhabitants can become collective developers: france 1968-2000

Participative problems before 1968

• Architecture as a domination tool of power and wealthy• Architecture become more important in the transition of

industrial to economy system • brief history of participation after 1968 - 2002

two example of participation

Film: La Courneuve, les 4000

Film: Quand les habitants prennet l'unitiative participation and mental illness

participation and the built environment

participative control

france governments used the participation as a society mandatory action to control

Participation and architecture

participation is dialogue with differences

participation is collaboration that can change

the invisible participation: social media, internet?

Guattari "Plan of consistency"

Representing the invisible within societyhistory of revolution and strike

important: 'predication of middle east revolutions, this book has been written from 2005": the new revolutionary subject seems to appear only in participatory processes, in gatherings, in digital exchanges.

Very impotent questions of how architect can create new space to bring freedom?

very important pg.115

[7] City/ Democracy: Retrieving citizenship

The transformation of cities: Paris by Henri Lefebvre

Musemification: term by Lefebvre

the idea of public buildings become as museum in paris, newyork..etc

the problem of buildings, questioning always "what to put inside them?"

citizenship engagement to the city

Architecture and democracyseparated

history of Rome and Greek

Polis: shared meaning for public, political and city

Port Alegre: participatory democracy on all levels

Participation - political philosophy

theorists: Aristotle, Rousseau, Hegel

the struggle of democracy history

democracy as a form of resistance to elitist

Critics of participatory democracy The problem of public space

National Forum of urban reforms case study of: Port Alegre

References:

Politics of Participation• Forester - Planning the face of power-1989• P. Healy - Collaborative PLanning: shaping places in fragmented societies - 1997• *s. Participation - The Ladder of citizen participation' journal of the institute of american planner, 34, no4, 1969 pp216-24• Henry Sanoff - Community Participation Methods in Design and Planning• John Friedmann - Planning in the public domain: from knowledge to action • Lefebvre - the production of space• M Crawford - can architecture be socially responsible? D. Y. Ghirardo• L. Lerup - building the unfinished: architecture and human action • John Shotter - Cultural Politics of Everyday life• J. Albrecht - towards a theory of participation in architecture - journal of architecture education - 42 no1 p 24-31, 1998• M. Comerio - community design : idealism and entrepreneurship - journal of architecture and planning research - 1 no.40 - 1984 p 227-43• Koolhas - S,M,L,XL • J. Forester - designing: making sense together in practical conversation - journal of architecture education - 38 - no.3 - 1985• J. Forester - planning the face of power p:119-33

keeping desire - losing control• B. shepard, R. hayduk - from act up to the WTO: urban protest and community building in the era of globalization • J. Hill - actions of architecture: architects and creative users• Cupers & Miessen - spaces of uncertainty• hakim bey- the temporoay autonomous zone, ontological, anarchy, poetical terrorism

City/ Democracy: Retrieving citizenship

68 and after

What if?

Rights of common: ownership. participation, risk

MUF: this is what we do: a mud manual 2001

Your place, or mine …?

keywords• communication• transparency• negotiation • consensus• user re-empowerment

Histories of Participation

[8] Sixty-Eight and after

History after 68: the events of 68 demonstrated the power of the new youth culture

1960s architecture reached its own crossroad

Criticizing Modernism, functionalism, international style, archigram

Price thinkings VS. arch styles

Cultural and aesthetic class code

heroes of participation initiative

• self building - WALTER SEGAL • Giancarlo De Carlo - work description• Kroll• Christian Hunziker• Huth• Peter Suzler• Peter Hubner

architecture public

re-empower the user"reading the territory" by De carlo

Critic of zoning by Kroll

Peace movement

[9] Fragments of participation in architecture, 1968-2002, Graz and Berlinself-building

political challenges

[10] Notes on participation

Peter Sulzer's expérience on participation

Segal project - how did he started the project with students

the story of micro and macro

Case study of The Landau Cultural Center

Architect must developed 'ordering structure'

[11] Kemal Ozcul's acceptance speech

imaginary speech in 2034

His experience on participation in the school he used to enrol

[12] Ozcul Postskript: The Gelsenkirchen school as built

Practices of participation

[13] Animal town planning and homeopathic architecture

criticizing on some of architecture pioneers among history

threes review on functionalism, sociology science and history

[14] WHAT IF? … a narrative process for re-imagining the city

Participation: what for?

How to achieve community engagement through participation? form of inspirational tool

case study of regeneration of North Sheffield in South Yorkshire

Narrative

telling stoies about cities: James Holston

"shapes of time" Dolores Hayden

'new urbanism' David Harvey

'views on city' Iain Sinclair

the shared process of city narrative - 'Shared Authority'

'The Creative City' Charles Landry

a new language to be broke through the professional codes

Narrative as a Utopia processused the case study to be as Utopia process

from Utopia to A-Topia - Dieter Hassenpflug

Image, identity, a city-wide narrative

vision for a city

'City branding' - Hans Mommaas

how to choose a theme for a narrative

The overarching themesSheffield's - History and politics

the topography - as a tool

Specific aspects of a vision for Sheffied

developing the neighbourhood strategies leading to the regeneration framework

A dynamic narrative for North Sheffield - Five big ideas[1] park city[2] see and be seen [3] identity from landform [4] from city to country and back again [5] green arteries

Parkwood springs: the next stage in the developing framework for North Sheffield

What if?

Leonie Sandercock

project supported regional, national and local - SMALL CHANGE

[15] Politics beyond the white cube

case study on white cube exhibition

Tony Bennett's 'the exhibitionary complex'

understand the new participatory and political practice in art

Moneynations - Shedhalle Zurich 1998 - www.moneynations.ch

be creative - the creative imperative exhibition

[16] Rights of common: ownership. participation, risk

is architecture really slow?

MUF strategy - THINKUP

case study: the horsetail

case study: the pumpkin logic

very important: Participation Outcome- Diagram [17] we need artists 'ways of doing things'

case study: the pumpkin logic

conclusion: community based art 3 points

[18] Stalker and the big game of campo Boario

Stalker concept - urban art lab

campo Boario and kurdish community - objectives and characteristics

Stalker system of desiring power

[19] Points, spirals and prototypes case studies

Cardonagh, donegal: signs for the scared heart

lough foyle spatial development plan

proto-urban conditions

urban gallery

urban gallery : interesting

A new suburb: Hoje Taastrup

applying the concept of urban gallery

Project w, sector E the Nertherlands

prototype: actors who have desires for projects - agents who interest in projects

[20] Your place, or mine …?

reflects the issues of participation and contemporary public spaces

identify problems, statistics

agencies and governments

barriers of public space and negatives

youth fabrications

social media and media 'meaning brokers'

case study on solving youth problems and providing public space - students work

statements:

if u always do what you have always done- the future will look a lot like the past - 2002

• tokoy story • virtual building • very important

• H. Lefebvre - Writings on cities• T. Hoskyns - the empty place of power - Scroop, cambridge architecture Journal, 2002

• E. F. Schumacher's -Small is beautiful • RIBA journal- Crisis in Architecture, Malcolm McEwen 1969• P. Boudon - Lived in architecture • L. Koll the architecture of Complexity • Peter Hubner - building as a social process

• J. Holston - Cities and citizenship • the power of place: urban landscapes as public history, cambridge MIT press. 1997 p 227 • David Harvey - 'the new urbanism and the communitarian trap' - haravard design magazine v. 1 1997 pp.68-69• Dieter Hassenpflug- from Utopia to A-Topia / social utopias of the 20th - Cities in transition. 2001

• Hebdige - hiding the light: on images and things • robert park - the city: suggestions for the investigation of human behaviour in the urban environment • n Klein: no logo