MC QB final

8/21/2019 MC QB final

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FORMAT:QP09 KCE/DEPT.OF IT

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATIONENGINEERING

UNIT-I WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONPART – A (2 MARKS)

1. Difereni!e "e#een FDMA !n$ TDMA.

(AU ND 2%1&)

Parameter FDMA TDMAIdea Segment the frequency

band into disjoint sub-bands

Segment sending time intodisjoint time slots

Terminals Eery terminal has itso!n frequencyuninterru"ted

All terminals are actie forshort "eriods of time onthe same frequency

Adantages Sim"le# established#robust

Established# fully digital#ery $e%ible

Disadantages In$e%ible# "requencies

are a scarce resource

&uard s"ace needed#

synchroni'ation is di(cult)

2. Dr!# 'e re*en+, !in/en 0r r!$i0 r!n/ii0n.

(AU M 2%1)

. W'! i '!n$0f3 Li 0* i +'!r!+erii+) (AU M

2%1)-A hando* refers to the "rocess of transferring an actie call or data

session from one cell in a cellular net!or+ to another or from onechannel in a cell to another) A !ell-im"lemented hando* is im"ortantfor deliering uninterru"ted serice to a caller or data session user)

MC 8 KCE/IT//IV YR QB //MC

S*". C0$e , IT2402 4r!n+' 5 6e!r 5 Se/ ,)Tech)#IT.I/ ./IIS*".N!/e , Mobile Communication 4!+' , 0120-


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4ando*s are broadly classi5ed into t!o categories as hard and softhando*s)

&. W'! i "0rr0#in +'!nne7 !770+!i0n. (AU ND

2%1)6A is orro!ing 6hannel Allocation is one of the channel allocationsmethod) It is a method by !hich more frequencies are allotteddynamically for high tra(c cells by borro!ing the channels !hich are

free at that instant)8. W'! i 'e /0i9!i0n 0r ! :e+i!7i;e$ MAC3

(AU M 2%12)

MA6 for !ired net!or+ scheme does not !or+ !ell !ith !irelessnet!or+s due the follo!ing "roblems#

• Signal strength decreases "ro"ortional to the square of thedistance

• The sender !ould a""ly 6S and 6D# but the collisions ha""en atthe receier

•

It might be a case that a sender cannot 7hear8 the collision# i)e)#6D does not !or+

• Furthermore# 6S might not !or+# if for e)g)# a terminal is 7hidden8

These are the motiation for a s"eciali'ed MA6)Fre*en+, re*e?3

(AU ND 2%11) The +ey characteristic of a cellular net!or+ is the ability to re-usefrequencies to increase both coerage and ca"acity) The adjacent cellsmust use di*erent frequencies? ho!eer t!o cells su(ciently far a"artcan o"erate on the same frequency) The elements that determinefrequency reuse are the reuse distance and the reuse factor) The reuse distance# D is calculated as!here 9 cell radius and @ is the number of cells "er cluster)

@. Difereni!e "e#een 0 !n$ '!r$ '!n$ 0f. (AU ND

2%11)



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. Pr09e '! 4!rBer +0$e '! 00$ !*0 +0rre7!i0n.

( AU ND 2%12)

A ar+er code or ar+er sequence is a 5nite sequence ofN alues of 2and B2#

for such that the o*-"ea+ ;non-cyclic


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In telecommunications# the dro""ed-call rate ;D69< is the fraction of the tele"hone calls !hich# due to technical reasons# !ere cut o* beforethe s"ea+ing "arties had 5nished their conersation and before one of them had hung u" ;dro""ed calls< This fraction is usually measured as a"ercentage of all calls)

1. Dene ! +e77.

In mobile communication# the geogra"hical coerage area is diided

into smaller areas) And each of these smaller areas are sered by it:so!n base station) These smaller areas are called cells)

1&. 0# !re *!r$ :!+e re!7i;e$ "e#een *er in CDMA3

The guard s"ace bet!een a "air of users in 6DMA systems is theorthogonality bet!een their s"reading codes) The lo!er the correlationbet!een any "air of s"reading codes is# the better is the userse"aration)

18. W'! i +e77*7!r 0:070,3

6ellular to"ology refers to infrastructure to"ology em"loying frequencyreuse conce"t) 4e%agon sha"ed cells in a cluster manner isconentionaly used in mobile communication)

1


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• Analy'i' of the relationshi" bet!een the ca"acity# cell si'e andthe cost of infrastructure)

2%. W'! i +e77 e+0rin3

The co channel interference in a cellular system may be decreased byre"oacing a single omno directional antenna at the base station byseeral directional antennas# each radiating !ithin a s"eci5ed sector)

y using directional antennas# a gien cell !ill recie interference andtransmit !ith only a fraction of the aailable co channel cells) Thistechnique for reducing co channel interference and thus increasingsystem "erformance by using directional antennas is called sectoring)

21. W'! !re 'e +'!nne7 *e$ in /0"i7e +0//*ni+!i0n

,e/3

For!ard oice channels ;F/6<9eerse oice channels ;9/6<For!ard control channels ;F66<9eerse control channels ;966<

PART 4

1. >hat is hidden and e%"osed terminal "roblemJ E%"lain ho! multi"le

Access !ith 6ollision aoidance scheme aoids hidden and e%osed

terminal "roblem);23


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;ii< !hat is frequency reuseJ E%"lain);L<. E%"lain clearly the arious schemes for Medium Access 6ontrol !ith

TDMA);23<(AU ND

2%12)1%. ;irite a detailed note on cellular !ireless net!or+s);23<

(AU ND 2%11)1. Detail about TMS 9adio Interfaces in Frequency Diision Du"le%

and Time Diision Du"le% modes) ;23<

1&. ;i


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6ontrolling medium access is necessary). W'! i 'e 0r/! 0 Fr!/e +0nr07 e7$ 0 @%2.11 MAC :!+Be

*r+*e3C10)22 Frame Format, (AU M

2%1&)

&. Gi9e e!/:7e 0r /0"i7e !$'0+ ne#0rB. (AU M

2%1)Mobile adhoc net!or+s are self con5guring# infrastrctureless net!or+ of mobile deices !ithout !ires)>ireless A@ C10)22# >iFi# >iMa% and>ireless ocal oo" are e%am"les for mobile adhoc net!or+s )

8. Dene A$ '0+ #ire7e ne#0rB #i' e!/:7e.

(AU M 2%1)An ad hoc net!or+ is a net!or+ that is com"osed of indiidual deicescommunicating !ith each other directly) For e%am"le# if you need totransfer a 5le to your friendNs la"to"# you might create an ad hocnet!or+ bet!een your com"uter and his la"to" to transfer the 5le) Thismay be done using an Ethernet crossoer cable# or the com"utersN

!ireless cards to communicate !ith each other) If you need to share5les !ith more than one com"uter# you could set u" a mutli-ho" ad hocnet!or+# !hich can transfer data oer multi"le nodes)


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The >iMAO Forum is !or+ing on setting u" a baseline "rotocol thatallo!s equi"ment and deices from multi"le endors to intero"erateand also "roides a choice of equi"ment and deices from di*erentsu""liers)

. W'! i Wire7e L0+!7 L00:(WLL)3

(AU ND 2%12) -2>ireless ocal oo" is a system that connects subscribers to the local

tele"hone station !irelessly) The other names of the > is i< 9adio in The oo" ii< Fi%ed 9adio Access)

1%. W'! !re 'e 'ree 70# :0#er !e 0 ! 47*e00' !e3

(AU ND 2%12) There are PA9G state# 4HD state and S@IFF state) luetooth deicesare classi5ed according to three di*erent "o!er classes# as sho!n inthe follo!ing table)

Po!er6lass

Ma%imum Hut"ut Po!er

2 211 m> ;01 dm<

0 0)Q m> ;L dm< 2 m> ;1 dm<

11. Difereni!e "e#een WiFi !n$ WiMA.

(AU ND 2%11)

12.

W'! i 'e :ri/!r, 0!7 0 IEE @%2.113

The "rimary goal of the standard !as the s"eci5cation of a sim"le#robust# >A@ !hich o*ers time bounded and asynchronous sericesalso it should be able to o"erate !ith multi"le "hysical layers)

1. W'! !re !$-'0+ ne#0rB3

A !ireless ad hoc net!or+ is a decentrali'ed ty"e of !ireless net!or+) The net!or+ is ad hoc because it does not rely on a "re e%istinginfrastructure# such as routers in !ired net!or+s or access "oints inmanaged ;infrastructure< !ireless net!or+s) Instead#each node "artici"ates in routing by for!arding data for other nodes#so the determination of !hich nodes for!ard data is made dynamicallyon the basis of net!or+ connectiity) In addition to the classic routing#ad hoc net!or+s can use $ooding for for!arding data)


S7.N0.

WiFi WiMA

2>i-Fi is based on IEEEC10)22 standard

>iMAO is based on IEEE C10)23

0

Proides local net!or+access for around a fe!hundred feet !ith s"eedsof u" to QL Mb"s

Single >iMAO antenna is e%"ectedto hae a range of u" to L1 miles!ith s"eeds of R1 Mb"s or more)

Fi%ed channel si'es;01M4'<

Fle%ible channel si'es from 2)QM4'to 01M4'

L 4alf Du"le% Full Du"le%

Q>i-Fi !or+s at 0)R b"s.4'and can "ea+ u" to QLMb"s in 01 M4' channel)

>i-Fi !or+s at 0)R b"s.4' and can"ea+ u" to QL Mb"s in 01 M4'channel)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ad_hochttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Router_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_access_pointhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Node_(computer_science)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flooding_(computer_networking)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ad_hochttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Router_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_access_pointhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Node_(computer_science)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flooding_(computer_networking)


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1&. W'! !re 'e !$9!n!e 0 WLL3

The adantages of > are#• o! 6ost• ess Installation time

• 4aing

• Selectie installation18. I IEEE @%2.11 !n$ Wi-Fi !/e 3 S!e 'e :*r:0e 0 Wi-Fi.

@o# IEEE C10)22 and >i-Fi are not same) >i-Fi is !ireless internet) Thela"to" has an internal !ireless card so it can be connected to !irelessrouters) @o neeed to hae an Ethernet cable to connect to the !eb)

1


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• Management information base ;MIiFi and >iMa% in detail.;Crite a note on mobile adhoc net!or+s);23<

(AU ND 2%11)2L) Describe IEEE C10)22);23<

(AU ND 2%11)2Q) ;i


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;iirite a note a Mobile Adhoc net!or+s);21<

UNIT-III MO4ILE COMMUNICATION S6STEMSPART – A (2 MARKS)

1. W'! !re 'e 0*r :0i"7e '!n$09er +en!ri0* in GSM3

(AU ND 2%1&) - The four handoer scenarious in &SM are#

• Intra 6ell 4andoer

• Inter 6ell Intra S6 4andoer

• Inter S6 Intra MS6 4andoer

• Inter MS6 4andoer2. Gi9e 'e "70+B $i!r!/ 0 *"+ri"er !*'eni+!i0n in GSM

!r+'ie+*re.(AU M 2%1&)

• /alidates the identify of the Deice#

• Authentication soft!are in SIM card "rocesses secret data#

• Hnly security results transmitted). W'! i M0"i7e N*/"er P0r!"i7i,3 (AU M

2%1)

Mobile @umber Portability ;M@P< enables mobile tele"hone users to retaintheir mobile tele"hone numbers !hen changing from one mobile net!or+o"erator to another)

&. Dene HOIP. (AU M

2%1) -

/oice oer Internet Protocol ;/oIP< is a methodology and grou" of technologies for the deliery of oicecommunications and multimedia sessions oer Internet Protocol ;IP<net!or+s# such as the Internet) Hther terms commonly associated !ith/oIP are IP tele"hony# Internet tele"hony# oice oerbroadband ;/o


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The Equi"ment Identity 9egister;EI9< is the logical entity res"onsible forstoring in the net!or+ the International Mobile Equi"ment Identities;IMEI


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1%. W'! i PDP3 (AU ND

2%11) The "ac+et data "rotocol ;PDP< conte%t is a data structure "resent on boththe sering &P9S su""ort node ;S&S@< and the gate!ay &P9S su""ortnode ;&&S@< !hich contains the subscriberNs session information !henthe subscriber has an actie session)

11. W'! i /e!n ", GPRS3

The &eneral Pac+et 9adio Serice "roides "ac+et mode transfer fora""lications that e%hibit tra(c "atterns such as frequent transmission of small olumes)

12. Meni0n 'e *n+i0n 0 'e "!e !i0n) The base station seres as a bridge bet!een all mobile users in the celland connects the simultaneous mobile calls ia tele"hone lines ormicro!ae lin+s to the mobile s!itching center;MS6<

1. W'! !re 'e *n+i0n 0 MSC3

The MS6 ;Mobile Serice 6enter< coordinated the actiities of all the basestations under its control and connects the entire cellular system of thePST@ by "roiding corres"onding control channels)

1&. Dene 00 :rin.

The actual radio coerage of a basestation of a cell in a cluster is +no!nas the foot "rint) It is determined from 5eld measurements or "ro"agation"rediction models !hich satisfy the "ro"er communication)

18. W'! !re 'e :rin+i:7e 0 Ce77*7!r Ar+'ie+*re3

The "rinci"les of 6ellular Architecture are#

•o! "o!er transmitters and coerage 'ones)

• Frequency reuse)

• 6ell s"litting to increase ca"acity)

• 4and o* and central control)1


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E%tending of connectiity serice in a location that is di*erent from thehome location !here the serice !as registered) 9oaming ensures thatthe !ireless deice is +e"t connected to the net!or+# !ithout losing theconnection)

2%. W'! !re 'e in0r/!i0n in SIM3

The information in SIM are#

• 6ard ty"e# serial number list of subscribed serices

• Personal Identity @umber;PI@<• Pin nloc+ing Gey;PG<

• An Authentication Gey;GI<21. W'! i GSM3

&SM stands for &lobal System for Mobile communication) This is the mosesuccessful digital mobile telecommunication system this is secondgeneration and it "ermits integration of oice and data serices)

22. Li 'e $!!"!e 0 NSS in GSM3

The databases of @SS in &SM are#

• 4ome location register• /isitor location rgister

• Authentication center2. W'! !re 'e er9i+e 0fere$ ", 'e GSM3

There are three user serices o*ered by &SM# they are

• earer or data serice

• Tele"hone serice

• Su""lementary ISD@ serice2&. W'! !re 'e e+*ri, er9i+e 0 GSM3

The security serices of &SM are#• Access control and authentication#

• 6on5dentiality and Anonymity)PART 4

2) E%"lain in detail the architecture of &SM) Also e%"lain mobility

management and handoer);23


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;ii


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. W'! i i/e-0* ree;in3 (AU M

2%1)-2 The time-out free'ing is the "rocess that T6P disconnect thetransmission after the time-out com"letely !hen no "oc+et e%change"ossible)

&. Wrie 'e /eri 0 r!n!+i0n 0riene$ TCP. (AU M

2%12) The merits of transaction oriented T6P are#

• It is easy to use di*erent "rotocols for !ired and !irelessnet!or+s)

• E(cient for certain a""lications)

• Sim"le to control)8. 0# $0 ,0* +7!i, TCP3 (AU M

2%12) The T6Ps are classi5ed based on that#

•

4o! to im"roe T6P "erformance in !ireless net!or+s#• Maintain the congestion control behaior and

• E(cient retransmissions)


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not directly to the IP address of the M@) Pac+et deliery to!ard the M@ isdone using the tunnel)

11. S!e 'e Di!$9!n!e 0 I-TCP.

The loss of the end to end semantics of T6P causes "roblems if theforeign agent "ortioning the T6P connection crashes) The foreign agentmust be a trusted entity because the T6P connections end)

12. W'! i M0"i7e IP3Mobile IP is an Internet Engineering Tas+ Force ;IETF< standardcommunications "rotocol that is designed to allo! mobile deice userstomoe from one net!or+ to another !hile maintaining "ermanent IPaddress)

1. W'! !re 'e re*ire/en 0 M0"i7e IP3 The requirements of Mobile IP are#

• 6om"atibility

• Trans"erancy• Scalability and E(ciency

• Security1&. W'! i +0-70+!e$ COA3

A 6HA is called co-located if the Mobile @ode tem"orarily acquired anadditional IP address !hich acts as a 6HA) This address is no!to"ologically correct# and the tunnel end"oints is at the mobile node)

18. W'! i en+!:*7!i0n !n$ $e+!:*7!i0n3Enca"sulation is sthe mechanism of ta+ing a "ac+et consisting of "ac+etheader of header and data and "utting it into the data "art of a ne!

"ac+et) The reerse o"eration# ta+ing a "ac+et out of the data "art ofanother "ac+et is called deca"sulation)1


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• Identi5cation of current location of M@

• Enca"sulation and tunneling of "ac+ets by 4A

• Deca"sulation of "ac+ets by FA

• M@ receiing the "ac+et)21. W', i r0*in in /*7i'0: !$'0+ ne#0rB +0/:7i+!e$3

The routing in multiho" adhoc net!or+s is com"licated because#

• Traditional routing algorithms !ill not !or+ e(ciently

• 6entrali'ed a"ooraches !ill not !or+• For!arding a "ac+et in the case of un+no!n to"ology is $ooding)

P!r 42) ;i< Discuss in detail the Dynamic 4ost 6on5guration Protocol);C< (AU ND

2%1&);ii< Discuss the routing "rotocol in MA@ET);C<

0) ;i< >rite notes on Mobile T6P and indirect T6P);C


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20) Discuss in detail Indirect and Snoo"ing T6P and di*erentiate them)

;23rite a detailed note on mobile IP "rotocol);23<

(AU ND 2%11)2Q) Discuss about tunneling and enca"sulation mechanism and reerse

tunneling);23<23) ;i< Discuss and detail the di*erences in to"ology reorgani'ation in DSD/and DS9

routing "rotocols) ;23<2R) >hat are the general "roblems of mobile IP regarding security and

su""ort of quality ofsericeJ ;C<

UNIT-H APPLICATION LA6ER

PART – A (2 MARKS)

2) W'! !re 'e +!:!"i7iie 0 WML +ri:3

(AU M 2%1&)-2

• >MScri"t "roides the scri"ts to be !ritten in the s"eci5cmanner that it can "roide the additional functionality by theuser)

• >MScri"t is based on the E6MAScri"t and it is similar to thestandardi'ed ersion of the jaa)

0) W'! !re 'e :!r!/eer 0 TR-In90Be.re :ri/ii9e3

(AU M 2%1&)>hen T9-Ino+e)req "rimitie is submitted# the initiator PE sends anino+e PD ia the Trans"ort Serice Proider) A common "arameter toeery PD is a transaction identi5er;TIDhen the initiator user initiates a ne!transaction# a ne! TID is gien to the PDs)

) Meni0n 'e r07e 0 r!n!+i0n 7!,er in WAP.

(AU ND 2%1&)

The >AP transaction layer !ith its !ireless transaction "rotocol ;>TP<o*ers alight!eight transaction serice at the transaction SAP;T9-SAP


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6lass 1, nreliable ino+e message !ith no result message)6lass 2, 9eliable ino+e message !ith no result message)6lass 0, 9eliable ino+e message !ith one reliable result message)

Q) Meni0n 'e :ri/!r, 0!7 0 WAP.

(AU M2%1)

The "rimary goal of the >AP Forum is#

•

ring Internet based content U serices to handled !irelessdeices)

• >or+ across global net!or+ technologies

• To used the e%isting standards !hereer "ossible

• Allo! creation of content that !or+s across many ty"es of lin+

layers and deice ty"es3) W'! i 'e r07e 0 'e WTA er9er3

(AU M 2%1) The role of the >TA serer is#

• 6ontent "ush

• Access to tele"hony functions• 9e"ository for eent handles

• Security models)

R) W'! i Wire7e A::7i+!i0n En9ir0n/en3 (AU ND

2%1) The >AE s"ace de5nes a""lication-s"eci5c mar+u" languages)Thea""lication layer !ith the >ireless A""lication Enironment ;>AE<o*ers a frame!or+ for the integration of di*erent !!! and mobiletele"hony a""lication)

C) W'en i 0ne en9ir0n/en !i$ 0 "e !::7i+!i0n en9ir0n/en.

(AU M 2%12) The main idea behind the >ireless A""lication Enironment is to createa general-"ur"ose a""lication enironment based mainly on e%istingtechnologies and "hiloso"hies of the >orld >ide >eb)

) W'! $0e WAP :e+i+!i0n in+7*$e3 (AU M

2%12) The >AP s"eci5cation includes

• A "rogramming model based on the >>> Programming Model

• A mar+u" language# the >ireless Mar+u" anguage# adhering to

OM• A s"eci5cation of a small bro!ser suitable for a mobile# !ireless

terminal

• A light!eight communications "rotocol stac+

• A frame!or+ for !ireless tele"hony a""lications ;>TAs<21) W'! i S,n+ML3 (AU ND

2%12)-2Short for Synchroni'ation Mar+u" anguage# SyncM is a "latform-inde"endent data synchroni'ation standard) It is used to synchroni'edata# such as contacts# to-do lists# schedules and more bet!een

di*erent deices ;including "hones# handhelds# P6s< or een serices#such as >eb sites) SyncM "roides an OM-based standard format forthis data that all SyncM-com"atible deices can understand) It can


http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/P/platform.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/D/data_synchronization.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/D/device.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/W/web_site.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/X/XML.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/P/platform.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/D/data_synchronization.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/D/device.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/W/web_site.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/X/XML.html


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!or+ oer arious ty"es of connections# including >irelessInternet# luetooth# and infrared)

22) Li 0 e!*re 0 WML. (AU ND

2%12)

The follo!ing are some +ey features of >M ,

• >M is a mar+u" language for small# !ireless com"utingdeices)

• In >M# ariables can be de5ned that store data in string format)

• >M uses >M scri"t for client-side scri"ting)

• The su""orted image format for >M is >MP)

• A micro-bro!ser is used to run >M mar+u")

• >M follo!s O4TM s"eci5cation and is therefore case sensitie)20) W'! i i-M0$e3 (AU ND

2%11)

The i-mode is the !orldNs most successful !ireless >eb andelectronic mail serice for mobile tele"hones) i-Mode is a "ac+et-s!itched mobile "hone serice# !hich o*ers continuous # al!ays-oninternet access) It has become a chea"er and much more com"actalternatie to getting on the Internet)

2) W'! !re 'e "ene 0 *in WTP3It o*ers seeral adantages to higher layers# including an im"roedreliability oer datagrams serices# im"roed e(ciency oerconnection oriented serice and su""ort for transaction orientedserices suh as !eb bro!sing)

2L) W'! i WDP.

The >ireless datagram "rotocol o"erates on to" of many di*erentbearer serices ca"able of carrying data)The >DP o*ers more or lessthe same serices as the DP) In order to multi"le%ing anddemulti"le%ing of data the >DP o*ers a source and destination "ortnumbers)

2Q) W', i 'e nee$ 0 r0*in39outing is to 5nd the "ath bet!een source and destination and tofor!ard the "ac+ets a""ro"riately to the target destination !itho"tmisied loss and delay in the message)

23) W'! i TTP3 The 4y"erTe%t Transfer Protocol is a stateless# light!eight a""licationleel "rotocol for data transfer bet!een seres and clients) An 4TTPtransaction consists of a 4TTP request issued by a client and an4TTP res"onse from the serer) Stateless means that all 4TTPtransactions inde"endent of each other)

2R) W'! i i/!e +!7in3If a "age ontains a true color# high resolution "icture# this "icture canbe scaled do!n to fe!er colors# lo!er recolution# or 5nally to only the"icture) The user can decide to do!nload the "icture se"arately)Further one can o*er cli""ing# 'ooming or detail studies to users if they

are interested in a "art of the "icture)2C) Meni0n !n, #0 !7ien e!*re 0 WAP.

The salient features of >AP are#


http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/B/bluetooth.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/B/bluetooth.html


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• Intero"erable, Allo!ing terminals and soft!are from di*erentendorsto communicate !ith net!or+s from di*erent "roiders)

• Scaleable, Protocols and serices should scale !ith customer

needs and number of customers)2) W'! i WAP3

>ireless A""lication Protocol ;>AP< is a technical standard for

accessing information oer a mobile !ireless net!or+) A >AP bro!seris a !eb bro!ser for mobile deices such as mobile "hones that usesthe "rotocol)

01) W'! i WML3

>M ;>ireless Mar+u" anguageeb "ages to be "resented on cellular tele"hones and "ersonal

digital assistants ;PDAs< ia !ireless access)02) Dene WTP.

It refers to a "rotocol in the >ireless A""lication Protocol ;>AP< suitethat e(ciently o"erates oer either secure or non-secure !irelessdatagram net!or+s) Three di*erent +inds of transaction serices are"roided by the >TP# namely the unreliable one-!ay# reliable one-!ayand reliable t!o-!ay transactions)

00) W'! i WSP3

>ireless Session Protocol ;>SP< is an o"en standard for maintaininghigh leel session) >ireless session is nothing but a normal >ebbro!sing session that starts !hen the user connects to one 9 andends !hen the user leaes that 9)

0) W'! !re 'e /!in e!*re 0 WAP3

The main features of >AP are#

• ro!ser

• Mar+u" language#Scri"t language

• &ate!ay

• Serer

• Protocol layers

• Intero"erable• Scalable

• Tele"hony a""lication interface)0L) W'! !re 'e Wire7e Pr00+07 !+B3

The >ireless Protocol Stac+s are#

• >ireless Session Protocol ;>SP<

• >ireless Trans"ort ayer Security ;>TS<

• >ireless Transaction Protocol ;>TP<

• >ireless Datagram Protocol ;>DP<

•

>ireless net!or+ interface de5nitions)0Q) W'! !re 'e 0!7 0 WAE3

The goals of >AE are#



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• deice and net!or+ inde"endent a""lication enironment

• for lo! band!idth# !ireless deices

• considerations of slo! lin+s# limited memory# lo! com"uting"o!er#

• small dis"lay# sim"le user interface ;com"ared to des+to"s<

• Integrated Internet.>>> "rogramming model

• high intero"erability)

03) W'! $0 ,0* /e!n ", WTA3

• 6ollection of tele"hony s"eci5c e%tensions)

• E%tension of basic >AE a""lication model) 6ontent "ush

• serer can "ush content to the client)

• client may no! be able to handle un+no!n eents)

4andling of net!or+ eents

• table indicating ho! to react on certain eents from thenet!or+)

• access to tele"hony functions ;>TAI<any a""lication on the client may access tele"hony functions)

0R) W'! !re 'e e!*re 0 WTA3

The features of >TA as E%tension of basic >AE a""lication model are# net!or+ model for interaction

• client requests to serer)

• eent signaling, serer can "ush content to the client)

eent handling

• table indicating ho! to react on certain eents from the

net!or+)• client may no! be able to handle un+no!n eents)

tele"hony functions

• some a""lication on the client may access tele"honyfunctions)

PART 4

2) ;irite a brief note on syncM);Chat is >MJ E%"lain >M scri"ts in detail);Crite notes on >TA and i-mode);C<

Q) E%"lain in detail the com"onents and interfaces of the >AP architecture)

;23


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3) ;ihat is >ireless Tele"hony A""licationJ E%"lain >TA logical

architecture);Crite brief note on i-mode);CAP and e%"lain the functions of each bloc+s);23<

(AU M

2%12)21) E%"lain the "arameters of transaction and session "rotocols);23AP architecture and Protocol);23rite short notes on the follo!ing, (AU

ND 2%12);i< >ireless mar+u" language ;C<;ii< i-mode ;C<

2) >rite a detailed note on >AP);23<

(AU ND 2%11)2L) E%"lain the follo!ing, ;23<

(AU ND 2%11);i< >M;ii< >M scri"ts)

2Q) E%"lain >AP model and >AP gate!ay in detail);23<23) E%"lain in detail about mobile location based serices);23<2R) >hat are the major di*erence bet!een >AP 0)1 and >AP 2)%J >hat

in$uenced the >AP 0)1 deelo"mentJ ;23<

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MC QB final

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