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SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING AND DESIGN

FOUNDATION IN NATURAL AND BUILT ENVIRONMENT

RESEARCH REPORT

TITLE: (FOREIGN FIONA)

TAN MIN CHUEN

LEE FONG YEN (0321976)

SHAMIL NAFIZ (0321989)

MUHAMMAD NAZMI (0322251)

FIONA CHIUDZU (0322041)

GROUP/SESSION: MONDAY 1-3 P.M.

SUBJECT: SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY [PSYC0103]

SUBMISSION DATE: 7TH DECEMBER 2015

LECTURER: MR.T. SHANKAR

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

No. Description Pages

1. Acknowledgement 3

2. Introduction 4

3. Methods

-Apparatus/Materials

-Procedure

-Participants & Characters

5-6

4. Discussion

-Concepts Used & Definitions

-The Storyboard

-Application of Concepts

7-17

5. References 18

6. Appendix (Video Scenes) 19-25

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to express our deepest gratitude to our lecturer, Mr

Shankar for giving us such an interesting assignment for us to do and guiding

us in completing it. Not only that, we are also thankful for teaching us the

different concepts of psychology that used to be unfamiliar to us. Through his

lessons and guidance, we are now able to apply the psychology concepts into

this assignment.

We would also like to acknowledge the efforts and co-operation of all

the group members in completing this final assignment. Despite all the other

assignments from different subjects, they were able to spare their free time for

this psychology project. Without team work, patience and contributions given

by all of them, we would not have been able to finish it successfully. So,

therefore, we are truly grateful for having the group members work together.

Last but not least, to the people who were present in the video,

especially our course mates who helped us during our video shooting. Thanks

to them, who were sporting enough to make a cameo appearance, we were

able to produce a video successfully.

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INTRODUCTION

For the psychology final project, we were required to come up with a

video and a report based on the video. We were to implement five

psychological concepts into our video and submit a detailed report about the

concepts we have used.

For this video ad report assignment, we have incorporated six

psychological concepts which are Spotlight Effect, Stereotype, Hostile

Aggression, Bystander Effect, Mere Exposure and Observational Learning.

Throughout the process of completing this assignment, we have been able to

recognize and identify the connections among concepts and perspectives

within psychology and other disciplines.

Not only that, this assignment has gave our group a chance to enhance

the teamwork ability and leadership. To conclude everything, this report

contains the details about the concepts we implemented and the integration

between the concepts and our video.

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METHODS

a. Apparatus and Materials

In shooting the video, we have used a few apparatus and items. The first

will be camera. A camera, together with camera stand were used during

the whole video shooting. The purpose of the stand was to take shots

from different angles and to ensure that the camera is stable to prevent

bad quality of the video. Not only that, we also used laptops, schoolbags,

and books to indicate that characters were university students. A was a

part where chopsticks and food were used as props for one of the scene

in the video.

b. Procedures

-1st December 2015

Before starting the video, all group members had a discussion in the

campus about how the story goes and what concepts were to be

implemented in the video. The meeting lasted for 2 hours, when the

storyline was decided.

-2nd December 2015

All group members were asked to meet in the campus in the morning for

a second meeting. The meeting took place in a classroom in Block D. We

wrote the story out on a paper and prepared a script for the characters

to refer. After that, we decided the venues that the shooting will take

place.

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-2nd December 2015

On the same day, the video shooting began around noon. Group

members gathered together and participated in the video shooting

process. For every scene, all the group members sounded out their

opinions to improvise the video.

c. Participants and Roles in the Video

All group members were involved and had participated in the video.

The main character in the video was Fiona. Min Chuen and Nazmi took

the role as Fiona’s classmates. Fong Yen was Fiona’s good friend while

Shamil’s role was a gangster in the video.

d. The Venues

All the venues that the video shooting took place include Block D

classroom, corridor along the 6th Floor, the front of Student Life Centre,

the Taylor’s Logo at the roundabout and lastly, a restaurant named “Tian

Chu”

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CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS

A total of six psychological concepts have been incorporated into our

video. They are Spotlight Effect, Observational Learning, Stereotype

(Racism), Hostile Aggression, Mere Exposure and Bystander Effect.

a. Spotlight effect

The "Spotlight Effect" refers to the tendency to think that more

people notice something about you than they do. This is actually a

result of egocentrism, meaning that we think that we are the centre

of our own universe and use our own experiences and perspectives

to evaluate people and the world. Thus, Spotlight Effect can be

defined as using own experiences and cognitions to evaluate other

people and overestimating our perceptions that we share with others

are accurate.

b. Observational Learning

Observational learning is referred to as shaping, modelling or indirect

reinforcement. This means that a person watches others (models)

engage in behaviours and then starts repeating the same actions

after that. Psychologist Albert Bandura states that people are

naturally inclined to engage in observational learning

c. Racism (Stereotype)

Racism is a specific form of prejudice, involving prejudicial attitudes

or behaviour towards members of an ethnic group. Stereotyping is

the tendency to limit and disregard people’s individuality, which then

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leads to negative assumptions. When we stereotype people, we tend

to group them based on their traits.

d. Hostile Aggression

Hostile aggression also known as affective aggression, refers to an act

of aggression stemming formed because of anger and is aimed to

cause pain. This aggression is a type of aggression that is performed

as en end in itself.

e. Mere Exposure Effect

The mere exposure effect is a psychological phenomenon by which

people tend to develop a preference for things or people that are

more familiar to them than others. Repeated exposure increases

familiarity. This effect is therefore also known as the familiarity

effect.

f. Bystander Effect

The bystander effect occurs when the presence of others discourages

an individual from intervening in an emergency situation. The

bystander effect refers to the phenomenon in which the greater the

number of people present, the less likely people will lend a help in

emergency situations. This is because being in a large crowd, they

have the thinking that no single person has to take responsibility for

an action.

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STORYBOARD

The story started with a girl named Fiona who was sent to Taylor’s University

by her father. She stayed in a village in Malawi with her family, and because

she was the smartest in the village, she was asked to study in Malaysia.

Scene 1: First day of class

Characters: Fiona (main), Min chuen & Nazmi (classmates)

Venue: Block D, 6th Floor classroom

Fiona walks to class on her first day of school. She was walking along the

corridor into the classroom while playing her phone. When she entered the

classroom, she nearly tripped.

Fiona: (thinks in her head) now everyone’s going to look at me. Please don’t

look at me. Please don’t look at me. Please don’t look at me!

Min Chuen: Look! New student. *points at Fiona*

Nazmi: She’s black... I heard that black people always do bad things and

they’re so dumb. I don’t like her man.

Scene 2: After class

Characters: Fiona, Min Chuen

Venue: Restaurant Tian Chu

Fiona ate her lunch there. Her classmate, Min Chuen was sitting at the table

beside her. When food was served, Fiona did not know how to use the

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chopsticks. She looked at Min Chuen, who had no difficulty using chopsticks to

eat his food. Fiona observed the way he held his chopsticks and learned how to

use it. She then eats her food easily.

Scene 3: On the way to class

Characters: Fiona, Shamil (gangster), Fong yen (friend)

Venue: In front of Student Learning Centre

Fiona was on her way to class, when she accidentally hit Shamil, who was

talking on the phone. Shamil pushed her and started to argue with her. With a

big commotion going on, everyone stared, but did not help her. Fong yen

appears and started to talk to Shamil.

Fiona: *bangs Shamil*

Shamil: *pushed Fiona* what’s your problem? You spoiled my phone. Pay me

back the money.

Fiona: Your phone looks fine to me.

Fong Yen appears.

Shamil: She broke my phone.

Fong Yen: Your phone looks fine to me. Why not you go back and continue

selling ice cream in the charity drive.

Shamil walks away.

Fiona: Thank you so much.

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Scene 4: Being good friends

Characters: Fong Yen, Fiona

Venue: Class, restaurant, corridors

After helping Fiona, she and Fong yen started to get familiar to each other and

would often stick together. They spend their time together in class, during

eating and whenever in the campus.

The End

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IMPLEMENTION OF CONCEPTS

Scene 1: Spotlight Effect & Stereotype (Racism)

For the first scene, spotlight effect occurred when Fiona, the main character

nearly tripped in the class. This concept can be seen when she thought to

herself that everyone was looking at her. But in fact, the other classmates were

busy doing their own stuffs. Not only that, in the first scene, stereotype can

also be seen in both Fiona’s classmates, which are Min Chuen and Nazmi.

Stereotype that is related to racism can be seen when Nazmi told Min Chuen,

black people often do bad things and are dumb.

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Scene 2: Observational Learning

Being a first timer in using chopsticks, Fiona had difficulty in eating her food

using chopsticks. Observational learning is applied when Fiona learns how to

use the chopsticks by looking at Min Chuen, who was good at using them.

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Scene 3: Hostile Aggression & Bystander Effect

Hostile aggression can be seen in the character Shamil who pushed Fiona just

because she accidentally bumped into Shamil. He even wanted to start a fight

with her, which was driven by his anger. Next concept applied in the third

scene will be bystander effect. Even though, Fiona and Shamil argued in front

of so many people, no one lent her hand in helping Fiona out. Everyone just

stood still and looked at them.

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Scene 4: Mere Exposure

The last concept that was implied in the video is mere exposure. After Fong

Yen helped Fiona, the both got familiar to each other and started to hang

around together.

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REFERENCES

1. Changing Works (2002-2015), Retrieved on the 3rd of December at

http://changingminds.org/explanations/theories/mere_exposure.htm

2. Dr. Lisa J. Cohen, Psychology Today (1991-2015), Retrieved on the 3rd of

December at https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/handy-

psychology-answers/201101/the-psychology-prejudice-and-racism

3. Kendra C., About Health (2015), Retrieved on the 3rd of December at

http://psychology.about.com/od/oindex/fl/What-Is-Observational-

Learning.htm

4. Kendra C., About Health (2015), Retrieved on the 3rd of December at

http://psychology.about.com/od/socialpsychology/a/bystandereffect.ht

m

5. Nathan H., Psychology Today (1991-2015), Retrieved on the 3rd of

December at https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-big-

questions/201111/the-spotlight-effect\

6. Psychology Glossary (2015), Retrieved on the 3rd of December at

http://www.psychology-lexicon.com/cms/glossary/41-glossary-h/405-

hostile-aggression.html

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APPENDIX

SCENE 1

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SCENE 2

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SCENE 3

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SCENE 4