Matter and EnergyGlencoe Chapter 9-2: Pages 260-265

I. Kinetic Molecular TheoryA. Main Points

1. All matter is made of atoms and molecules

that act like tiny particles

2. The particles are always in motion

higher temperature = faster motion

3. At the same temperature, more massive

particles move slower than less massive

particles

B. States of Matter (4 common)1. Solid

a. Definite volume

b. Definite shape

c. Rigid structure

d. Particles have almost NO freedom to move

e. Held together by strong attractive forces

B. States of Matter (4 common)2. Liquid

a. Definite volume

b. NO definite shape

Takes shape of container

c. Particles not tightly packed and have

freedom to move

d. Particles slightly attracted to each other

B. States of Matter (4 common)2. Liquid (continued)

e. Have the ability to spread out on their own

Fluidf. Viscosity- the resistance of a

fluid to flow 1. Thicker = More viscous =

flows slower 2. Thinner = Less viscous =

flows faster 3. Determined by attraction between particles

B. States of Matter (4 common)3. Gas a. No definite volume

b. No definite shape

expands to fill container / available space

c. Particles move rapidly and freely

d. Exerts pressure by hitting the walls of

container

B. States of Matter (4 common)4. Plasma - highly charged, fast moving particles

- a super heated ionized gas

C. Energy- the ability to change or move matter1. Change of state requires energy transfer

(environment matter)

a. Melting (solid to liquid) \

b. Evaporation (liquid to gas) } energy

c. Sublimation (solid to gas) / absorbed

(put in)

C. Energy- the ability to change or move matter

d. Freezing (liquid to solid) \ energy

e. Condensation (gas to liquid) / released

(let go)

2. Energy absorbed

molecules move faster and break away

3. Energy released

molecules move slower and stick together

C. Energy- the ability to change or move matter

D. Conservation of mass1. Changing state does not change the

composition or the mass of the substance

2. Law of conservation of mass

Mass cannot be created or destroyed, but

the matter can only change form

3. Law of conservation of energy

Energy cannot be created or destroyed,

but the energy can only change form

Conservation laws