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Presentation Plus! The American Republic To 1877

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Chapter Introduction

Section 1 Roanoke and Jamestown

Section 2 New England Colonies

Section 3 Middle Colonies

Section 4 Southern Colonies

Chapter Summary

Chapter Assessment

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Chapter Objectives

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• Identify the crop that saved the people of Jamestown.

• Explain how the colonists received political rights.

Section 1: Early English Settlements







Chapter Objectives


• Explain why the Pilgrims and the Puritans came to America.

• Describe how the Connecticut, Rhode Island, and the New Hampshire colonies began.

Section 2: New England Colonies







Chapter Objectives


• Explain why the Middle Colonies had the most diverse populations in colonial America.

• Identify America’s first town planner.

Section 3: Middle Colonies







Chapter Objectives


• Understand why the Southern Colonies were established.

• Compare and contrast France’s colony in North America with the English colonies.

Section 4: Southern Colonies







Why It Matters

A new culture took root in North America. The values and beliefs of this new culture developed as people from several parts of the world migrated to the continent.







The Impact Today


The colonies influenced values and beliefs many Americans cherish today.For example:

• Many people still come to the Americas in search of economic opportunity and religious freedom.

• Representative government remains an important part of the American political system.







Guide to Reading


Jamestown became the first successfully established English colony in North America.

• charter

Main Idea

Key Terms

• joint-stock company

• headright

• burgess






English soldier’s helmet, Jamestown






The Mystery at Roanoke

1. The English defeat of the Spanish Armada ended Spanish control of the seas.

2. Sir Walter Raleigh settled Roanoke Is.

( North Carolina )

A. Two attempts failed

B. Lost Colony ( Croatoan )

(pages 70–71)





Success at Jamestown

1. In April 1607, settlers sent by the Virginia Company in London entered Chesapeake Bay and founded Jamestown. The Virginia Co. of London was a joint stock Company. Charters: Proprietary, corporate and royal----Jamestown was a corporate and then a royal colony.

2. Jamestown was the 1st permanent English colony in America.

3. John Smith saves the colony in 1608

4. The winter of 1609-1610 “Starving

time”- --nearly wiped out the colony-----

(pages 71–73)







5. Tobacco production saved the colony:

A. John Rolfe/Pocahontas/Chief Powahatan

B. Indentured servants

C. African Americans from Africa=slavery was

legalized in 1660.

D. Women helped to establish families.

1619 = 90 women arrive

6. The Virginia Company of London allowed for headrights and a representative government which became known as the “the houSe of

BurgeSSeS” --- ( 10 towns with two representatives from each )

Success at Jamestown (cont.)

(pages 71–73)





Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers.

Checking for Understanding

__ 1. elected representatives to an assembly

__ 2. a document that gives the holder the right to organize settlements in an area

__ 3. a company in which investors buy stock in the company in return for a share of its future profits

A. charter

B. burgesses

C. joint-stock company

Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left.

B

A

C





Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.


Reviewing Facts Why did the Virginia Company establish settlements in North America?

Possible answer: Originally they wanted to search for gold and trade in fish and furs.






Reviewing Themes

Economic Factors What economic activity helped save the Jamestown settlement?

Growing tobacco helped save the Jamestown settlement.





Critical Thinking

Making Inferences Why do you think the king of England was willing to let a group of merchants try to establish a colony in North America?

The king wanted both the political power of ruling overseas colonies and economic rewards, without risking his nation’s resources on the venture.






Analyzing Visuals

Geography Skills Study the map on page 72 of your textbook. What percentage of settlers in Plymouth were children?

Thirty percent of settlers in Plymouth were children.






Geography Create a poster that might have attracted early colonists to the area where you live. Focus on the location as well as natural features in your area such as good farmland, forests, waterways, and mineral resources.






Guide to Reading

Settlers begin to form the New England Colonies.

• dissent

Main Idea

Key Terms

• persecute

• tolerance






Shoes, Plymouth Colony






Seeking Religious Freedom

1. There were two groups of Protestants in England. (Dissented)

(pages 76–78)

A. Those who wanted to reform the Anglican Church were Puritans.

B. Those who wanted to leave and set up their own church were Separatists. (persecuted)

2. Separatists went to the Netherlands, then back to Leyden, England. From there they migrated to America. ( Pilgrims - Mayflower Compact )

3. Squanto and Samoset ( Native Americans ) taught the pilgrims how to farm. (Thanksgiving )






New Colonies

1. Puritans received a royal charter and developed Massachusetts Bay Colony. (Limited tolerance)

2. John Winthorpe appointed governor. ( Boston )

3. “the great migration” ( 1630’s ) found 15,000 Puritans coming to Massachusetts to escape from religious persecution and economic difficulties in England.

4. The General Court was the law making body.

5. Puritans weren’t tolerant of other faiths.

6. Connecticut was founded by Thomas Hooker---”the

fundamental orderS of ConneCtiCut,”was the 1st written constitution in America.

(pages 78–80)





7. Roger Williams established Rhode Island with religious toleration.

8. New Hampshire was founded by John Wheelwright.

9. Conflict with Native Americans led to King

Philips war. ( Wampanoags/ Chief Metacomet )

(pages 78–80)

New Colonies (cont.)







__ 1. the acceptance of different beliefs

__ 2. to treat someone harshly because of that person’s beliefs or practices

__ 3. Protestants who, during the 1600s, wanted to reform the Anglican Church

__ 4. disagreement with or opposition to an opinion

__ 5. Separatists who journeyed to the colonies during the 1600s for a religious purpose

A. dissent

B. persecute

C. Pilgrims

D. Puritans

E. toleration


E

B

D

A

C





Analyzing Visuals

Geography Skills Study the map on page 77 of your textbook. What products came from New Hampshire?

Furs, rum, and lumber came from New Hampshire.






Music Create a song that the Pilgrims might have sung as they crossed the Atlantic on the Mayflower. Create the lyrics for the song by using what you have learned about why the Pilgrims sailed to New England. Teach your song to your class.






Guide to Reading

People from many different countries settled in the Middle Colonies for a variety of reasons, including religious freedom.

• patroon

Main Idea

Key Terms

• pacifist






English royal plate






New York and New Jersey

1. In 1660, England had two groups of colonies:

A. Northeast = Mass., N.H., Conn. and R.I.

B. Royal = Maryland and Virginia

2. England wanted New Netherlands which was between the two groups of colonies. ( Good harbor and trade )

3. Patroons governed New Amsterdam.

4. The English sent a fleet to attack New Amsterdam. The governor Peter Stuyvesant had to surrender.

5. James the Duke of York, took control of the new English colony and named it NEW YORK.

6. New Jersey which was the southern part of N.Y. was given to friends of the Duke of York.

(pages 82–84)






Pennsylvania & Delaware

1. William Penn received a large tract of land in America from the king as a repayment of a debt. The colony was Pennsylvania.

2. Pennsylvania became a home ( haven ) for Quakers.

3. A diverse group of people settled there: English, Welsh, Irish, Dutch and German. Pennsylvania Dutch ( Deutsch).

4. The lower colonies of Pennsylvania broke off and formed the colony of Delaware.

(page 84)







__ 1. landowner in the Dutch colonies who ruled like a king over large areas of land

__ 2. person opposed to the use of war or violence to settle disputes

__ 3. colony run by individuals or groups to whom land was granted

A. patroon

B. proprietary colony

C. pacifist


A

C

B







Reviewing Facts What did the Charter of Liberties grant to Pennsylvania colonists?

It gave them the right to elect representatives to the legislative assembly.






Reviewing Themes

Individual Action How did William Penn earn the respect of Native Americans?

He honored their claim to the land and believed settlers should pay for it.





Critical Thinking

Compare and Contrast How was the Quaker religion different from that of the Puritans?

Quakers had no formal church services or church officials, were tolerant of other religions, believed all people were equal, and were pacifists.






Analyzing Visuals

Geography Skills Review the map on page 83 of your textbook. What is the title of the map? What items are shown in the key? What products were important to Pennsylvania?

The title of the map is the Middle Colonies. Grain, cattle, fish, lumber, rum, and iron are shown in the key. Pennsylvania’s important products were grain, cattle, lumber, rum, and iron.






Art Design a flag for one of the Middle Colonies. Decide what symbols and colors would be appropriate to represent that colony. Display your flags in class.






Guide to Reading

The Southern Colonies relied on cash crops to survive, while the French and Spanish tried to establish their own settlements.

• indentured servant

Main Idea

Key Terms

• constitution

• debtor






Slave drum, Virginia






Virginia and Maryland 1. Varieties of people led to Virginia’s growth and

prosperity.

A. Criminals

B. African American slaves

C. Indentured servants.

2. Maryland became a haven for Catholics---founded by Lord Baltimore ( Sir George Calvert )

A. Act Of Toleration= freedom to worship as

please.

(pages 86–88)






Virginia and Maryland

1. Settlers in Virginia move inland producing conflicts with the Native Americans. ( Bacon’s Rebellion/Sir William Berkley )

Settling the Carolinas and Georgia

1. King Charles the II founded the colony of Carolina.

2. North Carolina was settled by small farmers.

3. South Carolina was more prosperous because of more fertile farmland and the harbor city of Charleston. (Rice, indigo, (blue gold) and tobacco)

4. Carolina was formally divided into two colonies in 1729.

(pages 88–90)






5. James Ogelthrope founded Georgia in 1733.

A. Debtor Colony

B. Buffer Zone-barrier between Spanish Florida

and the English Carolinas.

(pages 90–92)







__ 1. laborer who agreed to work without pay for a certain period of time in exchange for passage to America

__ 2. farmer who works land owned by another and pays rent either in cash or crops

__ 3. religious settlement

__ 4. person or country that owes money

__ 5. a formal plan of government

A. indentured servant

B. constitution

C. debtor

D. tenant farmer

E. mission


A

D

E

C

B







Reviewing Facts Explain why French settlement in North America was slower than in the English colonies.

The French concentrated on fishing and trading furs, not settlement.






Reviewing Themes

Groups and Institutions What role did Margaret Brent play in the government and economy of Maryland?

Brent was a political adviser and landowner in Maryland.





Critical Thinking

Analyzing Information Do you think uprisings such as Bacon’s Rebellion were a sign of more unrest to come? Explain your answer.

Possible answer: A desire for land and representative government would be likely to continue to cause unrest.






Analyzing Visuals

Geography Skills Review the map on page 87 of your textbook. Which of the Southern Colonies included the city of Norfolk? What were the main products in Georgia? What was the major city in South Carolina?

The city of Norfolk is in Virginia. The main products of Georgia were rice and indigo. The major city in South Carolina was Charles Town.






Art Work with a group to create a bulletin board display titled “The Southern Colonies.” Include slogans and pictures to show the colonies’ origins, climate, natural resources, and products.







__ 1. colony run by individuals or groups to whom land was granted

__ 2. a company in which investors buy stock in the company in return for a share of its future profits

__ 3. Separatists who journeyed to the colonies during the 1600s for a religious purpose

__ 4. to treat someone harshly because of that person’s beliefs or practices

A. charter

B. joint-stock company

C. dissent

D. persecute

E. patroon

F. proprietary colony

G. indentured servant

H. debtor

I. Pilgrims

J. Mayflower Compact


F

B

I

D






Checking for UnderstandingDefine Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left.

__ 5. a formal document, written in 1620, that provided law and order to the Plymouth colony

__ 6. a document that gives the holder the right to organize settlements in an area

__ 7. disagreement with or opposition to an opinion

__ 8. person or country that owes money

__ 9. landowner in the Dutch colonies who ruled like a king over large areas of land

J

A

C

H

E

A. charter


C. dissent

D. persecute

E. patroon



H. debtor

I. Pilgrims







Checking for UnderstandingDefine Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left.

__ 10. laborer who agreed to work without pay for a certain period of time in exchange for passage to America

G A. charter


C. dissent

D. persecute

E. patroon



H. debtor

I. Pilgrims







Reviewing Key Facts

Why did settlers choose a peninsula on which to build Jamestown?

A peninsula would be easy to defend from attack.






Reviewing Key Facts

How did the Native Americans help the Pilgrims?

Native Americans showed the Pilgrims how to grow corn, beans, and pumpkins, and where to hunt and fish.






Reviewing Key Facts

Why was there a high demand for slave labor in the Carolinas?

Labor-intensive crops were grown in the Carolinas.






Reviewing Key Facts

Describe the relationship between the French and the Native Americans.

The French respected Native Americans. They did not take their lands, but lived and traded with them.






Reviewing Key Facts

Why did Spain send missionaries to the Pacific coast and the Southwest?

Spain sent missionaries to convert Native Americans to Christianity and to claim land for Spain.






Critical Thinking

Comparing How did the economic activities of the French differ from those of the English in North America?

The French were mostly fishers, trappers, and traders. In addition to those activities, the English grew a variety of crops, raised animals, mined, harvested lumber, and built large settlements that gave rise to trade and industries.





Critical Thinking

Analyzing Themes: Civic Rights and Responsibilities What role did religious freedom play in the founding of Rhode Island and Pennsylvania?

Rhode Island was founded by Roger Williams after Puritans banished him from Massachusetts for his belief that government should be separate from religion. Pennsylvania was founded by William Penn to provide a haven for those who were persecuted in England.






Geography and History ActivityStudy the map below and answer the questions on the following slides.





Geography and History Activity

Massachusetts and Virginia had the largest areas of settlement.


Location Which colonies had the largest areas of settlement before 1660?





Geography and History Activity

Boston was settled before 1660.


Place During what time period was Boston settled?





Directions: Choose the best answer to the following question.

Test-Taking Tip As you read the stem of each multiple-choice question, try to anticipate the answer before you look at the choices. If your answer is one of the choices, it is probably correct.

Which colony was founded to put Quaker ideas into practice?

A Plymouth

B Virginia

C Georgia

D Pennsylvania


Standardized Test Practice





How did the lack of religious toleration create new settlements?

Thomas Hooker and Roger Williams founded Connecticut and Rhode Island as a result of the lack of toleration of religious beliefs.






Explore online information about the topics introduced in this chapter.

Click on the Connect button to launch your browser and go to The American Republic to 1877 Web site. At this site, you will find interactive activities, current events information, and Web sites correlated with the chapters and units in the textbook. When you finish exploring, exit the browser program to return to this presentation. If you experience difficulty connecting to the Web site, manually launch your Web browser and go tohttp://tarvol1.glencoe.com

http://www.glencoe.com/sec/socialstudies/ushistory/tar12005/index.php4

http://www.glencoe.com/sec/socialstudies/ushistory/tar12005/index.php4

Geography The coast of North Carolina is protected by long, narrow barrier islands. As one observer remarked, “The coast of North Carolina looks as if it was just coming unglued, with strips of land floating out to sea.” These sandy islands shift and change when storms batter the coast. As a result, some of the bridges and roads built over the years have been rendered useless.

Colonial Commerce

Goods

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Much colonial commerce took place without currency. Traders often relied on barter or money substitutes such as beaver skins.

In 1770 about 62,000 tons of goods passed through South Carolina’s harbors. Today Charleston alone handles about 9 million tons of goods yearly.

James Oglethorpe In 1734 James Oglethorpe returned to England with a group of Creek, among them his friend Chief Tomo-Chi-Chi. The Creek, who were formally received by the king and the Archbishop of Canterbury, created a huge sensation in London. Crowds followed them everywhere, even rioting in an attempt to catch a glimpse of the party. On their return, the group praised England so highly that both the Creek and the Cherokee made pacts of friendship with the Georgia colony.

Reading a Bar Graph

Why Learn This Skill?

A bar graph presents numerical information in a visual way. Bars of various lengths stand for different quantities. A bar graph lets you see a lot of information in an organized way. Bars may be drawn vertically–up and down–or horizontally–left to right. Labels along the left axis and the bottom axis explain what the bars represent.

This feature can be found on page 81 of your textbook.Click the Speaker button to replay the audio.

This feature can be found on page 81 of your textbook. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

Learning the Skill

To read a bar graph:

• Read the title to learn the subject of the graph.

• Look at the horizontal and vertical axes to find out what information the graph presents.

• Compare the lengths of the bars on the graph.

Reading a Bar Graph

Practicing the Skill

Study the bar graph on the right and answer the following questions.

This feature can be found on page 81 of your textbook.

Reading a Bar Graph

Practicing the Skill

This feature can be found on page 81 of your textbook. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers.

1. Which colony had the largest total population in 1700? The smallest?

Virginia had the largest total population in 1700. Pennsylvania had the smallest.

2. Did Virginia or Maryland have a larger African American population?

Virginia had a larger African American population than Maryland.

Reading a Bar Graph

The Lost Colony

After viewing “The Lost Colony,” you should:

• Know that Roanoke was intended to be the first English colony in the New World.

• Empathize with the distress of the inhabitants of Roanoke Island about the possibility that supply ships from England might not return.

• Understand that Queen Elizabeth’s decision about whether to send ships to Roanoke was linked with her fear of weakening England during the coming battle with Spain.

Objectives

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Discussion Question

Why were 117 people sent from England to present-day Roanoke Island, North Carolina?

The Lost Colony

They planned to establish the first English colony in the New World.


Discussion Question

During her discussion with Walter Raleigh and John White, Queen Elizabeth received a message. What did it say? How did it affect her answer to White’s request?

The Lost Colony

The message said the Spanish Armada was set to sail against the English fleet. That meant that all supplies would need to be dedicated to the effort to defeat Spain.



No one knows for sure, but lack of food, severe weather, or disease may have destroyed the colony.

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