Library Datafile Plag Ppt

7/29/2019 Library Datafile Plag Ppt

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What is plagiarism?

(And why you shouldcare!)


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Definition:

Plagiarism is the act of presenting thewords, ideas, images, sounds, or the

creative expression of others as yourown.


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How serious is the problem?

A study of almost 4,500 students at 25 schools,suggests cheating is . . . a significant problem inhigh school - 74% of the respondents admitted

to one or more instances of serious test cheatingand 72% admitted to serious cheating onwritten assignments.Over half of thestudents admitted they have engaged insome level of plagiarism on written

assignments using the Internet.Based on the research of Donald L. McCabe, Rutgers

UniversitySource: CIA Research. Center for Academic Integrity, Duke

University, 2003.
http://academicintegrity.org/cai_research.asphttp://academicintegrity.org/cai_research.asp


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Students. If:

you have includedthe words and

ideas of others inyour work that youneglected to cite,

you have had help

you wouldnt wantyour teacher toknow about,


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Two types of plagiarism:

Intentional Copying a friends work

Buying or borrowing

papers Cutting and pasting

blocks of text fromelectronic sourceswithout documenting

Media

borrowingwithoutdocumentation

Web publishing withoutpermissions of creators

Unintentional

Careless paraphrasing

Poor documentation

Quoting excessively

Failure to use your ownvoice


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Rationale for academic integrity(as if it were necessary!)

When you copy you cheatyourself. You limit your ownlearning.

The consequences are not worththe risks!

It is only right to give credit toauthors whose ideas you use

Citing gives authority to theinformation you present

Citing makes it possible for yourreaders to locate your source

Education is not an us vs. themgame! Its about learning tolearn!

Cheating is unethical behavior

Is your academic

reputation valuable

to you?


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Real life consequences:

Damaged the reputation of two prominenthistorians, Stephen Ambrose and Doris KearnsGoodwin,

Kearns left television position and stepped down

as Pulitzer Prize judge for lifting 50 passagesfor her 1987 book The Fitzgeralds and theKennedys (Lewis)

Senator Joseph Biden dropped his 1987 campaignfor the Democratic presidential nomination. (Sabato)

Copied in law school and borrowed from

campaign speeches of Robert Kennedy Probe of plagiarism at UVA--45 students dismissed,

3 graduate degrees revoked
http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,71425,00.html


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Consequences (contd)

New York Times senior reporter JaysonBlair forced to resign after being accusedof plagiarism and fraud.

The newspaper said at least 36 of the 73articles he had written had problems withaccuracy, calling the deception a "lowpoint" in the newspaper's history.

New York Times Exposes Fraud of Own Reporter.ABCNews Online. 12 May, 2003.

http://www.pbs.org/newshour/newshour_index.html
http://www.pbs.org/newshour/newshour_index.htmlhttp://www.pbs.org/newshour/newshour_index.htmlhttp://www.pbs.org/newshour/newshour_index.htmlhttp://www.pbs.org/newshour/newshour_index.htmlhttp://www.pbs.org/newshour/newshour_index.html


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Possible school consequences:

0 on theassignment

Parent notification

Referral toadministrators

Suspension ordismissal fromschool activities--

sports andextracurricular

Note on studentrecord


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Is this important?

What if: Your architect cheated his way through math

class. Will your new home be safe?

Your lawyer paid for a copy of the bar examto study. Will the contract she wrote for youstand up in court?

The accountant who does your taxes hired

someone to write his papers and paid a stand-in to take his major tests? Does he knowenough to complete your tax forms properly?

(Lathrop and Foss 87)


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Is this important?

What if: Your doctor cheated his way through surgical

techniques class. Would he remove your

appendix or spleen? How much would itmatter? Your lawyer paid for a copy of the bar exam

to study. Will the contract she wrote for youstand up in court?

The accountant who does your taxes hiredsomeone to write his papers and paid a stand-in to take his major tests? Does he knowenough to complete your tax forms properly?

(Lathrop and Foss 87)


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Do I have

to citeeverything?


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Examples of common knowledge

John Adams was our second president

The Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor on

December 7, 1941If you see a fact in three or moresources, and you are fairly certain yourreaders already know this information, itis likely to be common knowledge.

But when in doubt, cite!


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No need to document when:

You are discussing your own experiences,observations, or reactions

Compiling the results of original research,from science experiments, etc.

You are using common knowledge


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What You Need to Know AboutPlagiarism


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What exactly is plagiarism?

From Webster's Third New International

Dictionary:

Plagiarize - \'pla-je-,riz also j - -\ vb -rized; -

rizing vt [plagiary] : to steal and pass off (the

ideas or words of another) as one's own : use

(a created production) without crediting the

source vi: to commit literary theft: present asnew and original an idea or product derived

from an existing source.


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In the real world, this means..

Using another person's words without giving

them credit.

Using another persons ideas without givingthem credit.

Using another persons research, results,

diagrams, or images without giving them credit.


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Research and WritingAssignment

Time limit

Five to ten sources requiredBibliography


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Actions that might be seen asplagiarism

Buying, stealing, or borrowinga paper

Copying from another sourcewithout citing

Building on someone elsesideas without citation

Using the source too closelywhen paraphrasing

DeliberatePlagiarism

MaybeAccidentalPlagiarism


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Identifying Plagiarism

Original Source:

If the existence of a signing ape wasunsettling for linguists, it was also startlingnews for animal behaviorists (Davis 26).

Students Paper:The existence of a signing ape was

unsettling for linguists, and was alsostartling news for animal behaviorists.

Is this plagiarism?


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Verdict: Plagiarism

The student should have used quotation marksaround the words that he copied directly from theoriginal source. Also, there is no parenthetical

reference with the page number of the sourcestatement.


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Identifying plagiarism

Original Source:


Students Paper:

The existence of a signing ape unsettled linguistsand startled animal behaviorists (Davis, 26).

Is this plagiarism?


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Verdict: Plagiarism

Even though the writer has cited the source, thewriters words are not his own. Look at how

closely the phrase "unsettled linguists andstartled animal behaviorists" resembles thewording of the source.


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Identifying Plagiarism

Original Source:


Students Paper:If the presence of a sign-language-using chimpwas disturbing for scientists studying language,it was also surprising to scientists studyinganimal behavior (Davis, 26).

Is this plagiarism?


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Verdict: Still Plagiarism

Even though the writer has substituted synonymsand cited the source, the writer is plagiarizing

because the source's sentence structureis unchanged. It is obvious that the writer couldnot have written his sentence without a copy ofthe source directly in front of him.


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Identifying plagiarism

Original Source:


Students Paper:According to Flora Davis, linguists and animalbehaviorists were unprepared for the news that achimp could communicate with its trainers throughsign language (Davis, 26).

Is this plagiarism?


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Verdict: Not Plagiarism

The student has cited the source, andappropriately paraphrased the original source

into his own words.


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Strategies to avoid plagiarism

Practice good research methods

Know how to quoteKnow how to cite

Know when something is common

knowledge

Know how to paraphrase


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Practice good research methods

Be careful about paraphrasing whiletaking notes

Be sure to keep track of each source youuse

Indicate in your notes which ideas aretaken from sources (S) and which areyour own insights (ME)

Record all of the relevant documentationinformation in your notes


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Know how to quote

Mention the name of the quotedperson in your text

Put quotation marks around the textyou are quoting

Use brackets ([ ]) and ellipses ( )

Use block quotes when necessary Quote sparingly


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Cite your sources

Why should you cite your sources?

Citations show you have done research

As a courtesy to your reader Your arguments become stronger when

you can back them up

Ensures others receive fair credit fortheir work


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Know how to cite

In-text: A substance can usually beconverted to a different

state by adding or removingenergy from a system (Voet1990).

Bibliography: Voet D. 1990. Biochemistry.New York: J Wiley. 1223p.


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Citing Internet Sources

Material on the Internet is notfree. It still needs to be cited.

Dont avoid citing Internet sourcesand articles from electronicdatabases just because you dont

know how.


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Know when to cite

Always give a citation for quoted words orphrases.

Always give a citation after paraphrasedsentences.

Always give a citation for specific

statistics, percentages, and numbersgiven in your text.

You dont need to cite facts or ideas that

are common knowledge.


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Is it common knowledge?

Facts that can be found in numerous placesand are likely to be known by a lot ofpeople do not need to be cited.

Consider your audience when decidingwhether a fact is common knowledge.

Example of common knowledge:

John F. Kennedy was elected Presidentof the United States in 1960.


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Know how to paraphrase

Paraphrasing means putting an ideainto your own words.

Dont just rearrange the sentencesor replace a few words.

Be able to summarize the original

source without having it in front ofyou.


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Effective paraphrasing

Introduce your source at the point youbegin paraphrasing the ideas of the otherwriter.

Cite your source in parentheses whereyou finish paraphrasing the source andresume presenting your own ideas.


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Effective paraphrasing

1. Read the original passage until you understand itsmeaning

2. Set the book aside.

3. Write your paraphrase on note cards or a sheet ofpaper.

4. Compare your paraphrase with the original to makesure that the essential information is preserved.

5. Use quotation marks to identify any unique term or

phrase you have borrowed exactly from the source6. Document your sources (include page numbers) on

your note cards so you can easily cite later.


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Why should you care aboutplagiarism?

CBUs Plagiarism Policy:

A faculty member will take disciplinaryaction when plagiarism is discerned.

Disciplinary action may take the form of awarning or the assigning of a failing gradefor the assignment, examination, orentire course. The faculty member may

recommend to the Vice President forAcademic Affairs that the student beexpelled from class.


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Why should you care aboutplagiarism?

Plagiarism ruins reputations, and couldharm your career.


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Legal aspects of plagiarism

Copyright law

Trademark and unfair competition laws

Fraud


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Possible consequences

Having an academic degree rescinded, orprofessional status revoked

Loss of reputation

In most cases involving a student or professor, the court has

upheld punishment imposed by the college.


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Cyber-cheating in the digital age

Plagiarism before the Internet era: books,journals, fraternity test files, etc.

In the present day: far easier to cheat,but its also growing easier to detect


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Cyber-cheating in the digital age

Technology has made it easier to trackdown and identify cases of plagiarism you wont get away with it.

TurnItIn.com
http://www.turnitin.com/services.htmlhttp://www.turnitin.com/services.html


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Methods of detecting plagiarism

More accurate search engines

Full-text journal articles in library

databases Commercial plagiarism-detection services

aimed at teachers

As always, the professor may well

recognize the source.


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Some telltale signs

It doesnt sound like the students writing.

It was printed from a web browser and still has a header/footeron it.

The free essay has a tagline at the end that the student forgot toremove.

Page numbers dont make sense; fonts switch around; materialis off-topic or seems patched together

References to charts, graphs, accompanying material that isntthere

References to material not owned by the library

Dead links All citations are to old material or historical events referred to

in the present tense

Students cant identify citations, provide copies of the citedmaterial, or answer questions about it


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Self-plagiarization

Students

Professionals


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CONCLUSION

Inadvertent plagiarism is as bad as theintentional kind.

If you plan ahead and use good research skills,

you wont have to run to the library at the lastminute, make up citations, surf the web for allyour research, falsify your data..

Learn from your past mistakes.

Realize that an act of plagiarism might cost youyour reputation, your degree, or yourprofessional career.


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Some slides are courtesy of Springfield SchoolDistrict, Oreland, Pa.

http://www.sdst.org/shs/library/powerpoint/plagiarism.ppt

Library Datafile Plag Ppt

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