Tishk International University

Engineering Faculty

Mechatronics Department

Industrial Engineering

1st Grade- Spring Semester 2019-2020

TOPIC: Introduction to

Industrial Engineering

Instructor: Sivakumar

Contents i. Introduction

ii. Definition and Role of Industrial Engineering,

iii. Contribution of Taylor and Gilbreth.

iv. Organization

v. Concept of organisation,

vi. Types of organisation

vii. Introduction to management principles,

viii. Authority and responsibility, span of control, delegation of authority.

Introduction An improvement in productivity in all fields of national Endeavour is an essential pre-requisite for the attainment of a healthy and stable economy.

The Industrial Engineering courses have been designed to address the needs of organizations in relation to the optimum allocation and utilization of resources in the production of goods and services; low productivity and poor maintenance of facilities.

Productivity measures the level of efficiency and effectiveness with which resources are used to produce goods and services.

Highly productive firms are very profitable, pay better wages and constantly create new employment opportunities.

This course, “Productivity Measurement and Improvement Techniques” , is therefore designed to assist organizations in designing and implementing their own productivity measurement and improvement programs.

Definition of Industrial Engineering

Definition:- Industrial Engineers plan, design, implement and manage integrated production and service delivery systems that assure performance, reliability, maintainability, schedule adherence and cost control.

Industrial Engineering (IE) is concerned with the design, improvement and installation of integrated systems of people, materials, information, equipment and energy.

It draws upon specialized knowledge and skill in the mathematical, physical and social sciences together with the principles and methods of engineering analysis and design to specify, predict and evaluate the results to be obtained from such systems

Role of Industrial Engineering

Role:-

1. Software Technologies

2. Machine Tools

3. Mathematics

4. Scientific Concept

5. Managing the human resources

6. Demand of customer satisfaction

7. Time schedule.

Role of Industrial Engineer

Role:-

Analyst

Boundary Spanner

Expert

Decision maker

Designer/planner

Project manager

Activist

Educator

Trainer

Inventor

Motivator

coordinator

Type of production.

1. Job production

2. Batch production

3. Mass production

4. Flow production

Continuous

Mass

Batch

Jobbing

Project

14 Principles' of managements:-

1. Division of Labor: allows for job

specialization.

jobs can have too much specialization

leading to poor quality and worker

dissatisfaction.

2. Authority and Responsibility

both formal and informal authority

resulting from special expertise.

3. Unity of Command

Employees should have only one boss.

Contribution of Taylor and Gilbreth.

Cont..

4. Line of Authority A clear chain of command from top to bottom of

the firm.

5.Centralization The degree to which authority rests at the top of

the organization.

6. Unity of Direction A single plan of action to guide the organization.

7. Equity - The provision of justice and the fair and impartial treatment of all employees.

Cont..

8. Order - The arrangement of employees where they will be of the most value to the organization and to provide career opportunities.

innovation by 9. Initiative - The fostering of encouraging employees

creativity and to act on their own.

10. Discipline

Obedient, applied, respectful employees are necessary for

the organization to function.

11. Remuneration of Personnel

An equitable uniform payment system that motivates

contributes to organizational success.

12. Stability of Tenure of Personnel

Long-term employment is important for the development of

skills that improve the organization’s performance.

13. Subordination of Individual Interest to the Common

Interest

The interest of the organization takes precedence over that

of the individual employee.

14. Esprit de corps

Comradeship, shared enthusiasm foster devotion to the

common cause (organization).

Cont..

Management principles

Authority and responsibility 1. Authority is the power to give orders and get it obeyed or in other

words it is the power to take decisions.

2. Responsibility means state of being accountable or answerable for any obligation, trust, debt or something or in other words it means obligation to complete a job assigned on time and in best way.

Span of control

1. pan of control is simply the number of staff that report to a manager. 2. The area of activity and number of functions, people, or things for

which an individual or organization is responsible.

Delegation of authority. 1. The Delegation of Authority is an organizational process wherein, the

manager divides his work among the subordinates and give them the responsibility to accomplish the respective tasks.

2. Along with the responsibility, he also shares the authority, i.e. the power to take decisions with the subordinates, such that responsibilities can be completed efficiently.

Organization : Concept of organisation:-

1. Organization are the set of people who work together to

achieve shared goals

2. Organizational management helps to extract the best out

of each employee so that they accomplish the task within

given time frame

Characteristics of organization :-

Characteristics

Leadership Teamwork Morale Performance Structures

Principles of Organization

Authority & Responsibility

Span of Control

Effective Delegation

Balance

Stability

Flexibility

Communication

Organisational structure

Organizational

structure

Military organization

Line & Staff Project Functional Matrix

Types of organisation Military organization

Cont.

a. It is the simplest and oldest form of organizational structure.

b. It is also known as scalar organization or military type of organization.

c. In line organization department are created for basic activities and departmental heads are responsible for all activities performed in the department due to such organization known as departmental Organization.

d. The line of authority flows vertically from top most executive to the lowest subordinate throughout the organization.

Cont.

Line & staff organization

Cont.

In this type of organization structure two type of authority

relationship exists.

They are staff and line authority. Staff authorities’ means

authority to advice, support and serve the line managers.

All managerial functions are practiced by line authority with

the help of specialized skill of staff authority.

It is modification of line organization and is more complex

than it. Staff managers and line managers are distinguished on

the basis of their role.

There is more specialization and division of work. However

conflict may arise between line and staff authority.

Project organization Structure

Cont. When new worked & launched of an existing

organization to unable to handle situation due to

this reasons firms create a separate team or group

for individual project called project organization.

These are temporary organizational structures

formed for specific projects for a specific period of

time and once the goal is achieved, these are

dismantled.

For example, the goal of an organization may be to

develop a new automobile. For this project, the

specialists from different functional departments

will be drawn to work together.

Functional organization

Cont.

The functional organizational concept, originated with Fredrick W.

Taylor and it permits a specialist in a given area to enforce his

directive within the clearly defined scope of his authority.

In this organization all business activities of an enterprise are

divided into number of fractions and each function is entrusted to a

specialist, each specialist is known as functional specialist and

authority delegated to him is known as functional authority.

One of the main features of this organization is that a functional

manager can exercise functional authority over his own sub-

ordinate but also over all sub ordinates in all other functional

departments.

The principle of unity of command is not applied in his type of

organizational structure.

Cont.

Eight Groups evolved by F. W Taylors

1. The Route Clerk:

2. The Instruction Card Clerk:

3. The Time and Cost Clerk:

4. The Shop Disciplinarian:

5. The Gang Boss:

6. The Speed Boss:

7. The Repair & Maintenance Boss:

8. The Inspector:

Matrix organization

Cont.

• A matrix organizational structure is a company structure in which the reporting relationships are set up as a grid, or matrix, rather than in the traditional hierarchy.

• A matrix organization is a structure in which there is more

than one line of reporting (two chains of command) managers. where project team members have two bosses or managers.

• It’s recommended to have an organizational structure in place to accurately define the activities in a project.

• The matrix organizational structure is a combination of two or

more types of organizational structures.

• The matrix organization is the structure uniting these other

organizational structures to give them balance.

Thank

You !