Topic IX Rate of Reaction Topic XIII Industrial Chemistry

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Practical Tasks: (I) Elephant Toothpaste (II) Investigation Catalysts for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (III) Reaction of Phenolphthalein in Sodium hydroxide Solution Topic IX Rate of Reaction Topic XIII Industrial Chemistry

Transcript of Topic IX Rate of Reaction Topic XIII Industrial Chemistry

Page 1: Topic IX Rate of Reaction Topic XIII Industrial Chemistry

Practical Tasks:(I) Elephant Toothpaste

(II)  Investigation ‐ Catalysts for the decompositionof hydrogen peroxide

(III) Reaction of Phenolphthalein in Sodium hydroxide Solution

Topic IX Rate of ReactionTopic XIII Industrial Chemistry

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(I) Elephant Toothpaste

ObjectivesTo follow the change in rate of the catalyseddecomposition of H2O2

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(I) Elephant Toothpaste50 cm3 of 6%H2O2(aq) 0.5 g MnO2Soap Solution

Reaction:H2O2(aq)  H2O(l) + O2(g)

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The experiment

Adding soap solution to H2O2(aq)

Adding MnO2(s) to the mixture

Oxygen generated create bubbles in soap to produce foam 

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Enhancing visual impact of the experiment

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Link with the curriculum

‐ More can be done besides “visual impact” from the reaction

you will need• Time keeping ‐ Stopwatch• Photo‐taking  ‐ Digital Camera / Mobile devices  

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Measurement: photo‐taking

Time after adding MnO2 into H2O2 solution (seconds)10 40 70 100 130 160 190 220Height of foam rise as indicated on measuring cylinder (cm3)80 210 280 330 380 410 440 460

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Height of foam rise vs Time

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

0 40 80 120 160 200 240

Measurin

g cylin

der reading

 (cm

3 )

Time (seconds)

Calculation of Instantaneous rate / average rate

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Following the progress of a chemical reactionAny Advantages / Disadvantages / Limitations / Drawbacks?

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(II) Investigation ‐ Catalysts for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide

ObjectivesTo investigate the effect of the use of catalyst on reaction rate

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Catalysts for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide

• Possible catalysts: KI(aq) / MnO2(aq) / Celery / Pig Liver ….

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The experiment

to data loggerOR

to gas syringePlant extract (potato)

One of the following catalysts:Powdered manganese(IV) oxide (MnO2)Fresh potato extractFresh celery extractA small piece of fresh pig liver1 M Fe(NO3)3(aq) / FeCl3(aq)1 M KI(aq) Adding catalyst into 100 cm3

H2O2(aq)

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Experiment Result

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Biological Catalyst‐ Testing of oxygen gas produced in the reaction‐ Cooked pig liver loses its catalytic power

Related Question: HKDSE 2014 Paper 2 Q.1 (a) (ii)

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(III) Reaction of Phenolphthalein in Sodium hydroxide solution

Objectives:To investigate the relationship between the concentration of sodium hydroxide solution and the rate of decolourisation

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Determining the order of NaOH(aq) in the reaction• Colorimetry (Colorimeter + Data‐logger)• Phenolphthalein: 0.01 % (1 mL)• NaOH: 0.25 M / 0.50 M / 1.00 M (5 mL)

C

CO

O

HO OH

2 OH -

- H2OC

COO

O

O

(fast)

(Colourless)H2Ph Ph2-

(Pink)(pH = 0 - 8.2) (pH = 8.2 - 12)

C

O O

OH

COO

OH -

(slow)

POH3-

(Colourless)(pH > 12)PhOH3-PhOH3-

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Data‐logger System Setup

• PASCO colorimeter + USB Link + Desktop Computer with Data‐studio installed

• Measurement: Absorbance (565 nm) vs time (s)• Calibration using blank solution

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Colorimetry? Absorbance?

Complementary Colour

Colorimetry: Beer‐Lambert Law‐ The concentration of solution is directly proportional to the light absorbance

‐ The instrument responses linearly in a certain range only

‐ Control the absorbance within the range (0.05 – 0.70)

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Experiment ProcedureStep 1Step 1

• Use 10 mL pipette transfer 5 ml 1.0 M NaOHinto cuvette

Step 2Step 2• Start a timer to record for 30 seconds

Step 3Step 3• Use pipette 1 mL of 0.01% phenolphthalein into the cuvette immediately

Step 4

• Sharply when 30 seconds countdown ends, start the data‐logger to measure for  absorbance (Abs).

Step 5

• Obtain absorbance at time = 0s and 60s from the Abs–time plot.

• Use “slope tool” to measure the rate at t = 0s

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Time

Absorbance (Green)Computer

(Data logging Software)

Data logger

Light SourceLight Detector + Filter

Cuvette5 mL NaOH(aq) + 

1 mL 0.01% Phenolphthalein

The experiment

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Using “Slope Tool” in dataloggersoftware

m is the slope of the curve at time = 0 s

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Sample Absorbance‐Time Curve (NaOH and Phenolphthalein)

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Experiment result

Concentration of sodium hydroxide 

solution

Slope of the Absorbance‐

time curve at 0th second

Absorbance at 0th second

Absorbance at 60th second

0.25 M ‐0.003 s‐1 0.979 0.843

0.50 M ‐0.005 s‐1 0.940 0.683

1.00 M ‐0.010 s‐1 0.767 0.305

• Beware of the non‐linearity• NaOH – 1st Order w.r.t. the reaction