Index [] · Index Foreword – drs. Anka Mulder 3 Introduction 4 ... The VSNU Student Research...

2 Reader Student Research Conference 2014

Index

Foreword – drs. Anka Mulder 3

Introduction 4

Practical information 5

Programme Student Research Conference 2014 - including workshop rounds 7

Interviews keynote speakers

“Find your passion” – prof. dr. Leo Kouwenhoven 12

“The heart of doing research is asking questions and looking for answers” 14

– dr. Lotte Jensen

Members of the review committee 16

Members of the organizing committee 17

Workshop presentations 18

Workshop round 1 – session 1.1 Senaatszaal 19

Workshop round 1 – session 1.2 Commissiezaal 2 20

Workshop round 1 – session 1.3 Collegezaal C 21


Workshop round 2 – session 2.1 Senaatszaal 23


Workshop round 2 – session 2.3 Collegezaal B 25


Poster presentations 27

Remarks 36


Foreword

We, at Delft University of Technology (TU Delft) welcome you, talented and excellent bachelor students, to the Student Research Conference 2014. We are very honoured to host this event and to show you our campus and research facilities. At TU Delft, we believe that knowledge generated by research is fundamentally valuable for education and society. Our students are inspired by the future and trained to hold positions that allow them to solve major societal and complex scientific issues. The transfer of technical and scientific knowledge into innovative product design arises from state-of-the-art research as conducted at our University. As you have shown us you are able to match these expectations we are proud to welcome you at today‟s conference. We appreciate your courage to present your ambitions by handing in your research paper. We are very glad to present two distinguished researchers, prof. dr. Leo Kouwenhoven and dr. Lotte Jensen, both role models in their respective discipline. Prof. dr. ir. Leo Kouwenhoven is full professor of physics at Delft University of Technology. In 2012, he proved the existence of the Majorana particle, on which his personal research is focussed. He is also QuTech‟s Director: an institute that combines the knowledge of physics, mathematics and informatics in the field of quantum computing and quantum internet. Together with Microsoft, he is building a quantum computer in Delft. Prof. dr. Kouwenhoven will give today‟s first key note lecture. Dr. Lotte Jensen‟s research focuses on Dutch historical literature, history and philosophy. She pays special attention to national identity, theater, press history and female authors. Dr. Jensen is co-coordinator of the research group Europe and Trans (national) Identities (Radboud University) and has worked on several research projects. Currently, she is involved in the VIDI-project "Proud to be Dutch". Both researchers have extensive research experience and we are convinced that their presentations will inspire you in taking your next research steps. There's a saying that goes as follows: "We teach today's students with yesterday's knowledge for a future we don't know." This means that connection to research as current knowledge, is essential in our academic education. Excellent research can change future. The VSNU Student Research Conference is your stage today, your first step towards a promising research career. Your presentations at this conference will spark questions and will inspire others to conduct research. You will be challenged and invited to respond to critical questions of both visitors and fellow researchers. TU Delft is proud to have you on our stage today. I hope this day brings you inspiration and interesting insights. Drs. Anka Mulder Vice-President for Education & Operations Delft University of Technology


Introduction This is the reader of the fourth Student Research Conference (SRC), hosted in Amsterdam on the 20th of November 2013. The conference is a combined initiative of Amsterdam University College, University College Roosevelt and the Association of Universities in the Netherlands (VSNU). The SRC aims to establish a platform for undergraduate research, or as prof. dr. Henk Meijer, one of the chairs of the review committee explains: The SRC is an annual event that gives bachelor students the unique opportunity to share their research with a large audience. For the greatest part of the conference students will present their bachelor research, either in a poster presentation or during a workshop session. During the plenary sessions well-known Dutch Professors Leo Kouwenhoven and Lotte Jensen will share their enthusiasm for research. Furthermore, there are many opportunities to discuss the endless possibilities of (undergraduate) research and to enlarge social and professional networks. The competitive element of the SRC entails that the student with the best presentation and the most exciting research will be awarded with the Student Research Award. The final committee attends presentations and will select the winner as well as the Most Honourable Mention for the runner up. All participants of the SRC are invited to vote for their favorite poster. The poster with the most public votes will win the SRC Poster Award. In this reader you will find practical information concerning the SRC including the program, additional information about the workshops and the posters, a list of participants and the contact details of the organisation. We wish you an inspiring conference.

Facebook?

www.facebook.com/StudentResearchConference

Twitter? #SRC_NL

Share your thoughts on the Student Research Conference through Twitter!

@SRCNL

“The Student Research Conference is an annual conference organised by

the VSNU and hosted by an university in the Netherlands.

The conference aims to increase the visibility of undergraduate research in the

Netherlands (and Flanders) by offering students enrolled in bachelor programmes a place for

presenting and distributing the results of their research.”

Prof. dr. Henk Meijer, University College Roosevelt


Practical information

You can contact the organising committee during the conference on 26 November through the following details: Roxanne de Vreede Roelfien Folkersma VSNU policy advisor, projectleader SRC VSNU secretary, conference organisation 06 – 49 25 58 94 06 – 27 29 60 46 Michel Beerens Internal coordinator SRC Delft University of Technology 06 – 48 59 01 69 Workshops At the conference on the 26

th of November you can choose which two sessions you will attend. Descriptions

of the various sessions are given in this reader. Each session will exist of four oral presentations. Please note that there is no possibility to switch sessions during the presentations. On the day of the conference, you can join a particular session by taking a voucher of that session. These are placed at the registration desk. When there are no more vouchers available for a subsession that session is full. During registration you can also make a choice for the afternoon programme: guided tours through Delft University of Technology labs. Location Aula Congress centre Delft University of Technology Address: Mekelweg 5, 2628 CC Delft Building number: 20 For a map of the campus see the site of Delft university of technology: http://www.tudelft.nl/en/contact/


Route

By public Transportation From the train station in Delft, public transport buses bring you to the campus. Buses leave every five to ten minutes. To reach the buses, you have to either take the tunnel or the bridge in order to cross the tracks. Near the bridge you can take several buses towards the campus and building 20:

Bus 40 (towards Rotterdam Central Station) and exit at bus stop "Delft TU - Aula"

Bus 121 (toward Zoetermeer, Centrum West) and exit at bus stop "Delft TU - Aula"

Bus 174 (towards Rotterdam Station Noord) and exit at bus stop "Delft TU - Aula"

Bus 69 (towards Delft Technopolis) and exit at bus stop "Delft TU - Aula"

By car By car The campus of Delft University of Technology is accessible by car via the A13. Depending on your direction, take the exit Delft/Pijnacker or the exit Delft Zuid/TU-wijk. Follow the signs „TU Delft‟ and more specifically the signs „Aula/Congrescentrum' once you are on campus.

Map of Delft Train Station indicating the tunnel, bridge and bus platform.


Programme Student Research Conference 2014

26 November 2014, Delft University of Technology

Chairman of the conference: dr. Karl Dittrich, president VSNU

Keynote speakers:

Prof. dr. Leo Kouwenhoven, Delft University of Technology

Dr. Lotte Jensen, Radboud University Nijmegen

09.30 – 10.00 Registration and coffee (Foyer)

10.00 – 10.05 Opening by dr. Karl Dittrich (Auditorium)

President VSNU

10.05 – 10.20 Drs. Anka Mulder

Vice-President for Education & Operations Delft University of

Technology

10.20 – 10.50 Keynote lecture prof. dr. Leo Kouwenhoven

Full Professor of Physics at Delft University of Technology

11.00 – 12.20 Workshop round 1: presentations

12.20 – 13.20 Lunch buffet and poster presentations (Foyer)

13.30 – 14.50 Workshop round 2: presentations

14.50 – 15.20 Coffee break and poster presentations (Foyer)

15.30 – 16.30 The world of research by Delft University of Technology (Start in

the Auditorium): Inspiring visits to labs and the dreamteams of Delft

University of Technology.

16.30 – 17.00 Keynote lecture dr. Lotte Jensen

Academic head teacher in historic Dutch literacy at the Radboud

University Nijmegen

17.00 – 17.30 Award ceremony

Awards presented by the Dutch minister of education dr. Jet

Bussemaker

17.30 Networking & drinks (Foyer)


Workshop round 1 – (11.00 – 12.20) Workshop round 1 – Session 1.1

Room: Senaatszaal Time: 11.00 – 12.20 11.00 – 11.20 Fast water purification using sunlight Rick Driessen, University of Twente 11.20 – 11.40 An Elementary Shallow Cumulus Parameterization for Tropical Boundary Layers Martin Sikma, Wageningen University 11.40 – 12.00 One-night stand or long-term relationship? Different make-up preferences in men Gina Weßel, Maastricht University 12.00 – 12.20 Ethics of Expanded Access to Investigational Drugs During an Epidemic of a Lethal or Untreatable Illness Thomas Foets, Utrecht University

Workshop round 1 – Session 1.2 Room: Commissiekamer 2 Time: 11.00 – 12.20 11.00 – 11.20 Selenium Recovery and Stability after Biomineralization Annemerel Mol, University College Roosevelt 11.20 – 11.40 Kinetic analysis of sunflower oil conversion to biodiesel Pieter Plehiers, Marijke Vervenne, Lise Verbruggen and Johannes de Jong, Ghent University 11.40 – 12.00 Nieuwe Materialen voor stralingsdosimetrie Andreas Werbrouck, Ghent University 12.00 – 12.20 Minimum electron budget for a maximum result: how to count atoms with single atom sensitivity using electron microscopy? Annelies De Wael, University of Antwerp


Workshop round 1 – Session 1.3

Room: Collegezaal C Time: 11.00 – 12.20 11.00 – 11.20 The influence of co-existing Poecilia reticulata (Guppy) on Rivulus hartii (Killifish) activity Naomi Eeltink, HAS University of applied sciences 11.20 – 11.40 Canopy conductance models: validation for rapidly changing conditions on 1-minute time scale Arian van Westreenen, Wageningen University 11.40 – 12.00 The interactions of ATP with ATPase active site mimics Koen van Asseldonk, Radboud University 12.00 – 12.20 Election Pledge Fulfillment in the Netherlands Ramon van der Does, University College Roosevelt


Room: Commissiekamer 3 Time: 11.00 – 12.20 11.00 – 11.20 Charity Giving and the Strength of Default Effect Lenka Habetinova, Tilburg University 11.20 – 11.40 Specialisatie in het Secundair Onderwijs: Een Goede Zaak? Kenneth De Smet, Jennifer Norga and Marieke Van Hecke, Ghent University 11.40 – 12.00 Effectively Protecting Cultural Heritage: Incorporating Cultural Genocide into the International Legal Definition of Genocide Sophie Starrenburg, Leiden University College the Hague 12.00 – 12.20 How Do R&D and Education Austerity Measures Affect Fiscal Sustainability? Michaël Rubens, Vrije Universiteit Brussel


Workshop round 2 – (13.30 – 14.50) Workshop round 2 – Session 2.1

Room: Senaatszaal Time: 13.30 – 14.50 13.30 – 13.50 Gender differences in the relationship between oral communicative competence and peer rejection: An explorative study in preschool Femke van der Wilt, VU University Amsterdam 13.50 – 14.10 Peer feedback: Are trained students more motivated to provide it? Kaylee Rosalina, Bas Alderlieste and Samantha Martens, Utrecht University 14.10 – 14.30 Tussen geloof en wetenschap. Georges Lemaître, paus Pius XII en de oerknaltheorie Alexander van Biezen, KU University Leuven

14.30 – 14.50 Legal Acrobatics: To What Extent Does Family Reunification on the Basis of Directive 2004/38 Amount to Abuse of Law? Hester Kroeze, Utrecht University

Workshop round 2 – Session 2.2 Room: Commissiekamer 2 Time: 13.30 – 14.50 13.30 – 13.50 Cloud Base Height Computation with Stereo Whole-Sky Cameras Sophie Hermans, Delft University of Technology 13.50 – 14.10 Modelling band scattering and sandblasting Anton Atanasov, Hanze University of applied sciences 14.10 – 14.30 The effect of succession of three different caterpillar species on Brassica oleracea, plant defense divergence or convergence? Quint Rusman, Wageningen University (This student entered his paper at the SRC 2013. As specific circumstances prevented him to present his research, he was allowed to present at this year’s Student Research Conference. This student will not compete for the prizes, nor will the paper be displayed in the conference proceedings.) 14.30 – 14.50 Driedimensionale celculturen. Een alternatief voor diermodellen in tumoren drugscreening? Jolan De Boeck, Quinten Van Avondt, Jiri Dietvorst, Jore Van Wauwe and Winnok De Vos, University of Antwerp



Room: Collegezaal B Time: 13.30 – 14.50 13.30 – 13.50 MRI-based contour propagation for cervical cancer: towards MRI-guided adaptive radiotherapy Anita Honingh, Utrecht University

13.50 – 14.10

The Effect of Microbleeds on Functional Connectivity and Brain Network Organization in Alzheimer Patients Astrid Alsema, VU University Amsterdam

14.10 – 14.30

Abnormal Volumetric Patterns in Schizophrenia: MRI Findings in Cerebellar and Hippocampal Structures. Rik Ubaghs, Maastricht University

14.30 – 14.50 Beweeginterventie voor kinderen met kanker: een participatief ontwerpproces Roos Tigchelaar, University of applied sciences Utrecht


Room: Commissiekamer 3 Time: 13.30 – 14.50 13.30 – 13.50 Avi we-elohi - The Divine Father in Pre-Christian Judaism Bernice Brijan, University of Groningen & Tilburg University

13.50 – 14.10

Knowledge Transmission: Context, Techniques and Control - An Examination of Joachim Heinrich Campe's "Entdeckung von Amerika" as a Philanthropinist Book for Young Readers Helen Piel, Maastricht University

14.10 – 14.30

The Meaning of Israel for the Church. The motives for the presence of the Nederlandse Hervormde Kerk and the Gereformeerde Kerken in Nederland in Tiberias, 1949-1969. Elizabeth Marteijn, VU University Amsterdam & Protestant Theological University

14.30 – 14.50

Lost in Translation? The Subversion of the Right to Prior Consultation in Indigenous Mining Protests in Guatemala Anneloes Hoff, University College Roosevelt


Interviews keynote speakers

“Find your passion”

Why did you start doing academic research and what made you decide on a career? I started doing research as part of my physics degree. At the end of my master‟s degree I was truly seized by research. For my thesis I worked with professor Hans Mooij. We made a discovery which set everything into motion; I got to talk to famous people and was invited to speak at conferences, which I really enjoyed. How did you decide to start investigating the Majorana particle? Sometimes you have your own idea about what you want to research, but in the case of the Majorana particle it was different. At some point I was in America and I received an e-mail from California, where they had the theoretical knowledge on how to make Majorana particles. Through previous experiments that I had published, they found out I had the practical skills needed to actually build the particles. I was an expert in this area without knowing it myself! I was invited to a meeting organised by Microsoft who funded the project. The project was exciting and we soon made a plan how we could investigate these particles using my techniques. From then on it all changed very quickly. How did your research in the field of quantum computing start? Microsoft had made the huge discovery that it is possible to use topological properties, as probably present in Majorana particles, in quantum information. Together we searched for practical implementations. They had the theory, algorithms and architecture. They just needed someone for hardware implementation. Coincidentally, I was the one who was already an expert on the subject. Can you tell something about your current research on the quantum computer? We need to be able to make qubits without decoherence arising. This means that we can already make qubits, but it would be a breakthrough if we can construct something around them to ensure that the decay of the state is precisely under control. Then you could make a lot more of the same bit, and the mistakes that will always arise will not necessarily lead to the wrong answer in a calculation. We are working on four different kind of qubits. One is better at storing data, another in processing it. Eventually all four have to work together in one computer. But not everything always goes according to plan. In our lab we wanted to have extra set-ups, so we would be able to do more tests at the same time. We discovered, however, that the amount of water needed for the cooling installation resulted in a pressure in the pipes that was too high. One of the pipes burst and I had to get a plumber. That was one of those days you do not feel like you are changing the world. How long are your qubits stable? You mean how short! Right now, if I give you the most optimistic number, we have qubits that are stable for one millisecond. Three years ago this was one microsecond and six years ago one nanosecond. We are making enormous progress.

Leo Kouwenhoven Professor Leo Kouwenhoven will deliver a keynote lecture at the Student Research Conference. Leo Kouwenhoven is full professor of physics at Delft University of Technology. In 2012 he discovered the Majorana particle, the focus of his personal research. He is also the director of QuTech: an institute that combines physics, mathematics and informatics in the areas of quantum computing and quantum internet. In addition, he is building a quantum computer in Delft together with Microsoft.


What will Microsoft do once there is a quantum computer? They see the use of the quantum computer in the broad sense and do not want to make a specific product out of it. What is really getting out of hand is that the amount of data collected every second is too much to analyse for normal computers, even if you would have all computers in the world available. Microsoft is looking into different methods to keep this process up and running: big classic computers, parallel computing, pairing computers via internet or using quantum computers. At the Student Research Conference, different disciplines are represented. What do you think are the differences between research in the social and applied sciences? The difference is that in the applied sciences, for instance physics or chemistry, you can reproduce your experiments exactly. You do research (you prove a point or develop a product) and the next year someone else can repeat the same experiment using the same input. In social studies reproducing the same research is never exactly possible as you work with people and social situations. This does not mean you should not do research in social sciences. It is very important! For a physicist it is hard to realise that the conclusions based on a huge database are only relevant for that specific database. In social sciences this is the standard practice, because if you take another database of information, for instance from a different year, you will come to different conclusions. It all depends on the characteristics of the data used for research. Do you have advice for the young researchers who want to pursue an academic career? Doing research takes up a big part of your life. It is not a nine to five job, you cannot turn off your e-mail after five. You should really enjoy it. It is important that you find an area of research that you are good at and feel at home at. You need to be motivated and passionate, as without this trying to compete with other people in the field becomes very hard. Find your passion! At the Student Research Conference students need to present their research in a way that is understandable for a broad public. What is your advice? This is something I struggle with sometimes as well. Try thinking of a simple metaphor when you are explaining complicated information. I was allowed to present for 15 minutes to our Dutch king Willem-Alexander. I wanted him to remember my presentation and that he would maybe tell something at home about it afterwards. So you have to choose the right level of complexity in your presentation: it must be something that triggers the public and is not too complex. Do not use too many details, that does not stick, but make sure the information still has substance. What do you think of doing research during one’s Bachelor’s degree?

I think doing research in the bachelor is not identical to the way I do my research. The period students get is often too short to learn all the skills and get into the phase where they can get creative and give their own input. Bachelor research is useful in terms of motivation. Students get the chance to get out of the classroom and look into different disciplines of research. That motivates!


“The heart of doing research is asking questions and looking for answers”

Why did you choose a career in historic Dutch literature and philosophy? My initial plan was to study English, not Dutch. After my final exams in high school I lived in Spain for a year to learn Spanish. I wanted to master the language as if it were my mother tongue. However, I soon realised that I would never be able to comprehend a foreign language just as well as the Dutch language. That was when I realised that I wanted to study Dutch language and culture. Also, I had really good Dutch teachers at high school and this caused me to develop a lot of interest in Dutch culture. A good teacher often makes all the difference in choosing your field of study. A year after I started my studies in Dutch literature and culture I also took on philosophy. I wanted to do philosophy because I was intrigued by philosophers. Studying Dutch and philosophy has proved to be a fruitful combination, as for Dutch you have to read extensively, while philosophy requires reading fewer books very intensively and precisely. How did you end up in the academic world? I always enjoyed learning and reading at school. But it wasn‟t until my studies that I realised I wanted to continue in historical Dutch literature. I was really passionate about gaining knowledge of old Dutch literature, for instance, the works of writers like Vondel and Multatuli. I wanted only one thing: to enrich and extend my own knowledge and transfer that knowledge to other people. Why did you start doing research into national identity shaping? I think that to be able to do research you need a fascination that, in some way, has something to do with yourself. My nationality is Danish and this has shaped my identity, even though the Netherlands is my home. So, my scientific interest has something to do with my foreign background. The direction your research takes can be a coincidence. If you are taught by an inspiring teacher, for example, it could nudge you into that particular direction. I could never have predicted that I would be involved with Dutch cultural history and literature. Like many other students, I initially began studying Dutch in order to study modern literature. Students usually don't consider Vondel or Reinaert de Vos in the first place, but think more of Grunberg and A.F.Th. van der Heijden. You don't choose the path you will take in advance; that path is created in an inspiring class or by a good teacher. What do you like about research? What motivates you? I have a great passion for literature. What motivates me is that you can sort of step into the shoes of writers from the past. You learn to understand why these texts functioned the way they did and why they had such an impact. Take a writer like Vondel, his work Gijsbrecht van Amstel is a very complicated play. It incorporates a classical layer, a mythological layer and a historical layer. It is actually a kind of game to me, to fathom and understand such a piece. It is a search for knowledge for the sake of knowledge itself; it is a puzzle you want to solve.

Lotte Jensen Lotte Jensen was born in Denmark and grew up in the Netherlands. She is now Associate Professor of Dutch historical literature at the Radboud University Nijmegen. Besides Dutch historical literature she studied philosophy and is currently involved in research on national identity formation in the 17

th, 18

th and 19

th century. She is also a

member of the board of „Werkgroep negentiende eeuw‟ and the Young Academy. Currently she is the head of a research project called „Proud to be Dutch‟, a project on the role of war and propaganda literature in the shaping of early modern Dutch identity between 1648 and 1815. For this project literature is used as a cultural historical source to reconstruct the mentality of the past. Her research focuses on the way Dutch people used to think about their national identity.


What further motivates me, is teaching students. It is inspiring to convey to others the pleasure you get from unravelling and understanding such a text. It is wonderful to see students become just as enthusiastic about a text as I am and believe me, no one who starts reading Vondel likes it immediately. As a student you need help. When I read Vondel for the first time I didn't take to it right away, but I thought it was intriguing: what does it mean and how is it tied together? Once I am fascinated by something it becomes a challenge to unravel it. What is your advice to people who want to become academics? Do it! Let yourself be led by what you like to do and become very good at that. If you are driven to do research, follow your passion. If you want to do a PhD, do it, because it enriches the rest of your life. Ignore your parents‟ advice that you have to find a „real‟ job; follow your passion and become really good at that! What is your dream? I would love to do an encompassing publication on Dutch identity throughout the ages. I am saving that for when I get a bit further in my research, but it is definitely my dream. To write at least one elaborate, large, historical book that has a real impact. For this you should use the knowledge you have built up through the years. Queen Maxima once said that the typical Dutchman does not exist. You think it does. How would you characterise this person? In the past, authors have created many stereotypical images of the Dutchman. This Dutchman functions as a sort of literary weapon in the fight against the enemy. So what I am talking about is a rhetorical character, one that is created on paper in relation to war enemies, such as Spain and France. This Dutchman does have a number of specific characteristics: he is hardworking, thrifty, diligent, temperate, tolerant, simple, liberal-minded, and devout. Some characteristics are not deemed relevant in this current time, while others are still applicable. In conclusion I can say that THE Dutchman does not exist, but is created by those literary writings and so, in a sense, does exist but only as a literary and rhetorical weapon against the enemy. Why do you consider research so important for a Bachelor’s degree? In your Bachelor studies you lay the basis for further development in your Master studies. If you have no experience with research in your Bachelor studies then you don‟t know what is like to do research. When doing research a lot of questions will arise and you will need to find ways to answer these questions. The heart of doing research is asking questions and looking for answers. Doing research is the basis of your academic career.


Members of the review committee 2014

Prof. dr. I. Horváth Prof. dr. H. Meijer Delft University of Technology University College Roosevelt (Chair of the SRC review committee) (Co-chair SRC review committee) Dr. S. Baas Dr. F. Baetens University College Amsterdam Leiden University College The Hague Dr. P. Bos Prof. dr. M. Breuning University of Humanistic Studies Leiden University – Medical Centre Prof. dr. S. Buitendjjk Dr. G. van de Bunt Leiden University VU University Amsterdam Dr. P. Caljé Prof. dr. D. Deeg Maastricht University VU University Amsterdam Dhr. prof. dr. L. De Moor Dr. M. van Drunen Free University Brussels University College Amsterdam Prof. H. van Ees Dr. D. Ehrhardt University of Groningen Leiden University College The Hague Prof. dr. H. Elzinga Prof. dr. R. Griessen University of Groningen University College Amsterdam Dr. P. Hamersma Prof. dr. H. Hosper Delft University of Technology University College Maastricht Dr. P. Hudson Prof. dr. E. Jonker Leiden University College The Hague Utrecht University Prof. dr. P. Koenraad Prof. dr. T. Kuijper

Eindhoven University of Technology Wageningen University Dr. L. Lemmens Prof. dr. G. Lensvelt-Mulders Eindhoven University of Technology University of Humanistic Studies Dr. A. van der Lugt Prof. dr. R. Meulenbroek Maastricht University Radboud University Prof. dr. M. Mulder Prof. dr. H. Murre Wageningen University Leiden University Dr. J. Nijhuis Prof. dr. J. Noordegraaf Maastricht University University of Amsterdam Prof. dr. J. van de Pol Dr. H. Popeijus University of Twente Maastricht University Prof. dr. H. de Ridder Dr. M. van der Schaaf Delft University of Technology Utrecht University Prof. dr. J. Schoormans Dr. P. Schuyt Delft University of Technology Leiden University Prof. dr. B. Steunenberg Dr. J. van Tilburg Leiden University Maastricht University

mailto:[email protected]


Dr. S. van Tuinen Dr. J. Tybur Erasmus University Rotterdam VU University Amsterdam Prof. dr. H. Verhoef Prof. dr. Ing. W. Verweij VU University Amsterdam University of Twente Dr. D. Vinke Dr. A. Wilson Eindhoven University of Technology Leiden University College The Hagu Prof. dr. R. Witkamp Dr. M. van Zelm Wageningen University Erasmus University Rotterdam Prof. dr. B. Zwaan Wageningen University

Members of the organising committee 2014 Student Research Conference N. van de Griend Dr. K. Dittrich Delft University of Technology VSNU Head student and staff facilities President Prof. dr. I. Horvath Prof. dr. H. Meijer Delft University of Technology University College Roosevelt Professor of Professor of computing science Chair review committee Co-chair review committee M. Beerens R. de Vreede MSc. Delft University of Technology VSNU Internal coordinator SRC Project manager R. Folkersma Drs. K. Eikelenboom

VSNU VSNU Congress organisation Director of education A. Verbruggen N. Fahrenfort Delft University of Technology Delft University of Technology Student Student

E-Journal K-L Jong Baw H. Frencken Leiden University Leiden University Project leader Project manager J. Hart J. Arichi Leiden University Leiden University Student assistent Student assistent I. van Dongen The Hague University of applied sciences Project manager



Room: Senaatszaal Time: 11.00 – 12.20 # 62 Fast water purification using sunlight

Rick Driessen, University of Twente Clean water demand is increasing due to pollution of fresh water and climate change. Present techniques to purify water are not sufficient since they are chemically, energetically or operationally expensive. Photocatalysis employing TiO2 proves to be a promising technique to purify water. This study investigates the performance of DC reactive magnetron sputtered TiO2 as photocatalytic layer in a microreactor. A numerical model was developed that describes the water cleaning reactor accurately. Mass transfer and reaction rate limitations were investigated. Selected contamination removal was demonstrated within only tens of seconds. # 26 An Elementary Shallow Cumulus Parameterization for Tropical Boundary Layers

Martin Sikma, Wageningen University Shallow Cumulus (SCu) convection is a key process in the tropical region, as it has a major impact on the partitioning of surface fluxes and the dynamics of the lower atmosphere. Since SCu clouds contribute largely to the spread in the estimation of climate sensitivities, it is essential to represent SCu convection accurately in numerical weather and climate models. In this paper we propose an improved SCu parameterization for a tropical situation, since the current one overestimates SCu convection largely (2.4 cm s-1 on average). With the help of LES and MXLCH modelling we were able to reduce this to an average of 0.2 cm s-1. # 13 One-night stand or long-term relationship? Different make-up preferences in men

Gina Weßel, Maastricht University Make-up is widely used among women in order to appear more attractive. Current research indicates, that a moderate amount of make-up is perceived as most attractive by men, however it is not yet clear which personal factors influence the men‟s evaluation. This study explored the attractiveness ratings of female faces with different shades of make-up, differentiating between men preferring short- and long-term sexual relationships (unrestricted and restricted sociosexual orientation respectively). Both groups of men find natural make-up most attractive and no make-up least attractive. However, it was found, that the raters sociosexual orientation has a significant influence on perceived attractiveness. # 96 Ethics of Expanded Access to Investigational Drugs During an Epidemic of a Lethal or

Untreatable Illness Thomas Foets, Utrecht University

The epidemic of the lethal, rapidly spreading HIV virus during the 1980s triggered a tension between society and regulatory authorities for access to experimental drugs. It is likely that an epidemic of a lethal and untreatable illness will occur again. The paper explains the fundamentals of expanded access to experimental medication, followed by arguments used by proponents and opponents of expanded access and presents a balanced view of the arguments used. Subsequently, the paper presents a framework to allow expanded access during such an epidemic: a worldwide-expanded access organisation with criteria ensuring fair access to and distribution of experimental medication.


Workshop round 1 – Session 1.2 Room: Commissiekamer 2 Time: 11.00 – 12.20 # 78 Selenium Recovery and Stability after Biomineralization

Annemerel Mol, University College Roosevelt Biomineralization can be used for the removal of toxic selenite as elemental selenium from water. In this study, formation and properties of selenium (Se) were investigated in anaerobic batch experiments. Selenite (0.81 mM) was reduced to Se using Emmtec anaerobic granular bacterial sludge. At 30 °C red amorphous selenium (pH 7.78) and black crystalline needles (pH 8.98) were found. Exposure to air or air combined with ultrasound treatment leads to 13% oxidation of Se to selenite within a week. Selenite can be efficiently (>99%) removed by bio-reduction as stable Se, provided it is separated from liquid or is kept under anaerobic conditions. # 43 Kinetic analysis of sunflower oil conversion to biodiesel

Pieter Plehiers, Marijke Vervenne, Lise Verbruggen and Johannes de Jong, Ghent University

Biodiesel is a renewable fuel that may (partially) replace fossil fuels. Aiming at an economically viable large-scale implementation of biodiesel production, an adequate kinetics model constitutes an indispensable tool. Hence, sunflower oil transesterification with methanol to fatty acid methyl esters has been investigated experimentally and by kinetic modeling. A compromise between statistical significance and physical meaning has been pursued while assessing the experimentally observed kinetics via a phenomenological power law model as well as by more fundamental models. A power law model which specifically accounted for the catalyst concentration was found to give an accurate reproduction of the experimental data. # 44 Nieuwe Materialen voor stralingsdosimetrie

Andreas Werbrouck, Ghent University Bij stralingsongevallen is het belangrijk snel de stralingsdosis van de slachto_ers te bepalen. Op die manier kan een juiste behandeling gestart worden. Gewone burgers dragen gewoonlijk geen gespecialiseerde dosimeters. Daarom werd in dit onderzoek de geschiktheid van alledaagse materialen als dosimeter bestudeerd, uitgelezen met elektronen paramagnetische resonantie (EPR). De „klassieke‟ dosimeters alanine en tandglazuur werden eerst onderzocht. Na onderzoek van fossiel tandglazuur werd een stralingsdosis geschat, die toelaat een fossiel te dateren. Verder werden kippenbot, eierschalen, twee soorten kauwgom en rubber uit schoenzolen nader bestudeerd. Dit laatste materiaal werd nog niet eerder als stralingsdosimeter beschreven. # 77 Minimum electron budget for a maximum result: how to count atoms with single atom

sensitivity using electron microscopy? Annelies De Wael, University of Antwerp

Recently, a method has been developed for counting atoms in an atomic column from scanning transmission electron microscopy images [1–3]. Ultimately, the probability for making counting errors should be kept to a strict minimum. This is the subject of the present paper. Expressions for the probability of error lead to optimal detector settings, which are significantly di_erent from those traditionally used. In this manner, the electron dose needed to achieve a pre-specified precision can significantly be reduced. The proposed methodology drastically improves the atom counting precision, for the same electron budget, opening up new possibilities to characterise nanomaterials in three dimensions.



Room: Collegezaal C Time: 11.00 – 12.20 # 55 The influence of co-existing Poecilia reticulata (Guppy) on Rivulus hartii (Killifish) activity

Naomi Eeltink, HAS University of applied sciences Changes in foraging behavior may be caused by competition between two or more co-occurring species. In many cases of competition, species do not interact with one another, but deplete the resources available to each other. The effects of exploitation may drive a species to better adapt to competition pressure. We evaluated the change in Killifish (Rivulus hartii) activity in cooccurrence with guppies (Poecilia reticulata). We conducted day- and nighttime observations at guppy- Rivulus and Rivulus-only sites in two different rivers in the Northern Range Mountains of Trinidad. We predicted that R. hartii would display more activity after dark in sites were they co-occur with guppies and that R. hartii would be more active during the day at the Rivulus-only sites. Our results showed that R. hartii activity, postdisplacement, is diurnal; yet when R. hartii are found co-occurring with guppies who are mainly active during the day, R. hartii shift their feeding activity to nocturnal. Furthermore, no differences in R. hartii overall activity between the two rivers were observed, suggesting that the shift from diurnal to nocturnal activity may be a general phenomenon.

# 25 Canopy conductance models: validation for rapidly changing conditions on 1-minute time

scale Arian van Westreenen, Wageningen University

Plants play a crucial role in land-atmosphere exchange processes. Therefore, the canopy conductance (gc), simulating the aperture of stomata, is a key-parameter in atmospheric models. The most widely used parameterisations of gc are the empirical Jarvis-Stewart and the plant-physiological Ags parameterisations. Nowadays atmospheric models run on increasingly finer resolutions. This paper aims to validate both parameterisations (including the A-gs submodels) for short time scales. Both parameterisations were not able to simulate observed responses to rapidly changing conditions. The submodel for internal CO2 concentration was not reproduced realistically. Moreover, the assimilation rate submodel performed well, although the magnitude was too small. # 73 The interactions of ATP with ATPase active site mimics

Koen van Asseldonk, Radboud University Hydrolysis of ATP in the active sites of ATPases is a vital process, yet poorly understood on the atomic level. In this paper, we study the interactions of ATP with F1-ATPase active site biomimics by probing binding energies and local structures of gas-phase ATP-mimic complexes using collision-induced and infrared multiple-photon dissociation. Phenomenological binding energies are derived, from which we conclude that both Glu and Arg residues play a role in binding ATP in the ATPase active site mimics. Moreover, we measure IR action spectra of a hydrolysis-like fragmenting complex to visualize conformational changes occurring during this reaction. # 42 Election Pledge Fulfilment in the Netherlands

Ramon van der Does, University College Roosevelt Why do political parties break their election pledges? And why do they include so many pledges in election manifestos when they cannot deliver upon them? This research explores the functions of election manifestos. In addition, it addresses the question what institutional factors influence governing parties‟ pledge fulfillment rates. Data from the Kok II (1998-2002) and Balkenende II (2003-2006) governments in the Netherlands support the idea that governing parties in parliamentary democracies are likely to include many, cautiously phrased, pledges in their manifestos. Also, the research confirms earlier findings on what may facilitate or hinder pledge fulfilment and suggests new factors.



Room: Commissiekamer 3 Time: 11.00 – 12.20 # 15 Charity Giving and the Strength of Default Effect

Lenka Habetinova, Tilburg University In this experiment I test whether defaults, or information about them, affect charitable donations. I find that their effect is not statistically different from zero and that demographic variables explain most of the variation in the data. Furthermore, I measure the subjects‟ emotions during the experiment and in contrast to prior studies relying on self-reported emotions, I conclude that giving does not necessarily make people happier. # 79 Specialisatie in het Secundair Onderwijs: Een Goede Zaak?

Kenneth De Smet, Jennifer Norga and Marieke Van Hecke, Ghent University Aan de hand van een studie van de internationale wetenschappelijke literatuur onderzoeken we de effecten van het tijdstip waarop specialisatie plaatsvindt. We vergelijken vroege specialisatie (early tracking) met late specialisatie (late tracking) aan de hand van twee maatstaven: welk tijdstip van specialisatie bewerkstelligt gelijkheid van kansen en welk genereert betere leerresultaten of is met andere woorden het efficiëntst. Deze onderzoeksresultaten linken we aan het onderwijshervormingsplan van de Vlaamse Regering: het masterplan Secundair Onderwijs 2013. Uit onze studie blijkt dat early tracking voor een betere cognitieve ontwikkeling zorgt. Daarenboven werd geen causale link tussen specialisatie en sociale discriminatie gevonden. De resultaten tonen aan dat het hervormingsplan geen optimaal antwoord biedt op de huidige pijnpunten van het Vlaamse onderwijs. De sectie beleidsadvies toont aan dat de pijnpunten aangepakt kunnen worden zonder de voordelen van early tracking ten opzichte van late tracking overboord te gooien. # 70 Effectively Protecting Cultural Heritage: Incorporating Cultural Genocide into the

International Legal Definition of Genocide Sophie Starrenburg, Leiden University College the Hague

International law is unable to effectively protect cultural heritage from malicious destruction, highlighting the need for proper enforcement mechanisms within cultural heritage law. The protection of cultural heritage can be secured through the criminalisation of acts of cultural destruction in a manner that recognises the grave consequences of such destruction upon the lives of individuals. This can best be done by reintegrating the concept of „cultural genocide‟ within the international legal definition of genocide, given that this concept acknowledges that groups can be destroyed not only by killing individual group members, but also through the annihilation of their shared culture. # 60 How Do R&D and Education Austerity Measures Affect Fiscal Sustainability?

Michaël Rubens, Vrije Universiteit Brussel This paper assesses fiscal policy in industrialized countries by investigating the links between public R&D and education investments and fiscal sustainability on different time horizons. This allows an investigation of the effects of austerity measures in both sectors on fiscal outlooks. An extensive literature exists on the effects of austerity measures on output growth. However, as fiscal policy evaluation gets more important mainly due to supra-national oversight, it is relevant to research effects on fiscal variables as well.



Room: Senaatszaal Time: 13.30 – 14.50 # 58 Gender differences in the relationship between oral communicative competence and peer

rejection: An explorative study in preschool Femke van der Wilt, VU University Amsterdam

This study investigated gender differences in the relationship between oral communicative competence (OCC) and peer rejection in preschool. It was hypothesized that children with poorer OCC would be more often rejected by their peers and that the strength of this relationship would differ for boys and girls. No relationship was found between OCC and peer rejection. However, a positive relationship was observed between OCC and peer acceptance, but this relationship only applied to boys. It is suggested that preschool teachers trying to enhance peer acceptance should take the promotion of OCC into account. # 20 Peer feedback: Are trained students more motivated to provide it?

Kaylee Rosalina, Bas Alderlieste and Samantha Martens, Utrecht University

For students to provide useful peer feedback it is paramount that resistance is reduced and motivation increased. The self-determination theory of Deci and Ryan (2000) was used to support the hypothesis that training in feedback skills results in enhancement of students‟ motivation for giving peer feedback through perceived competence. This hypothesis was tested in an experimental setting. The training did not significantly affect the motivation to give peer feedback, but did have a positive effect on perceived competence in peer feedback skills. In conclusion, to enhance motivation instructional designers should focus more on autonomy and relatedness when creating training material. #23 Tussen geloof en wetenschap. Georges Lemaître, paus Pius XII en de oerknaltheorie

Alexander van Biezen, KU University Leuven Georges Lemaître (1894-1966), both priest and physicist, is the founding father of the big bang theory. In 1951, pope Pius XII saw in Lemaître‟s theory a confirmation of the Christian doctrine of creation. Surprisingly enough, Lemaître opposed this official statement of the pope. According to him, a cosmological theory cannot be used as a proof nor as a refutation of an article of faith. In my research I investigate which vision Lemaître had on the relation between religion and science. This research puts the current-day discussion about religion and science in a surprisingly new light. # 95 Legal Acrobatics: To What Extent Does Family Reunification on the Basis of Directive 2004/38

Amount to Abuse of Law? Hester Kroeze, Utrecht University

EU-directive 2004/38/EC regulates the free movement of persons in the European Union and protects the right of all Union citizens and their family members to travel to- and/or reside on the territory of all Member States of which they do not have the nationality, under favourable conditions. These family members may be other Union nationals, but they may also be third country nationals1 with or without a permit. The ratio of this set up is to make cross-border movement within the Union as attractive and easy as possible. An accessory consequence of this regime is that it offers the possibility to legalize an illicitly residing third country national family member of a Union citizen, through movement to a Member State of which the latter is not a national. Moreover, the case law of the European Court of Justice provides for the possibility to „take once acquired rights back home‟, which allows for the application of U-turn construction to avoid national immigration law – the so-called „Europe-route‟. This paper adds to the debate on the question whether this behaviour is lawful or should be addressed as abuse of law. Much angles can be taken, and little conclusive answers can be given. Nevertheless, several insights on the topic are worthwhile to present.


Workshop round 2 – Session 2.2 Room: Commissiekamer 2 Time: 13.30 – 14.50 # 51 Cloud Base Height Computation with Stereo Whole-Sky Cameras

Sophie Hermans, Delft University of Technology In this research a software package is developed, stereo, which calculates the cloud base height using images from two whole-sky cameras. The problem is over-defined so a point in one image has to lie on a line in the other image, the so called epipolar line. With a correlation algorithm matching points can be found. By making use of the restriction of the epipolar line, the computation time of the correlation is greatly reduced. The results obtained by stereo match with the data from the ceilometer. The measurement uncertainty becomes larger as the height increases, but for physical realistic heights the accuracy is su_cient. # 53 Modelling band scattering and sandblasting

Anton Atanasov, Hanze University of applied sciences The SPICA FAR-Infrared Instrument (SAFARI) must be calibrated and characterized by the Optical Ground SupportEquipment (OGSE). One of the components within the OGSE is an integrating sphere which can scatter light from 34 µm to 210 µm. This paper reports the development of a fabrication algorithm as well as the implementation of a light-band scattering simulation. The simulations are evaluated against experimental data from 30 µm to 65 µm and are used to extrapolate the wavelength band and conditions. It has been found that the currently available fabrication techniques are incapable of achieving the desired scattering. # 00 The effect of succession of three different caterpillar species on Brassica oleracea,

plant defense divergence or convergence? Quint Rusman, Wageningen University

Plant mediated competition between herbivore species is important in shaping insect communities. Different herbivore species induce different plant defenses, and sequence of arrival will be important in shaping plant defenses. This study used the Brassica oleracea (L) system and three herbivores: Pieris brassicae, Mamestra brassicae and Plutella xylostella. It was tested if plant phenotypes diverge or converge under different sequences of attack by the three caterpillar species. It was shown that there was a species specific effect and an arrival specific effect, which together resulted in a diverging pattern of plant defense under mixed sequences of arrival. # 31 Driedimensionale celculturen. Een alternatief voor diermodellen in tumoren drugscreening?

Jolan De Boeck, Quinten Van Avondt, Jiri Dietvorst, and Jore Van Wauwe, University of Antwerp Driedimensionale celculturen kunnen een oplossing bieden waar 2D in vitro culturen en diermodellen tekort komen. Multicellulaire sferoïden (MCS) zijn 3D celculturen die dichter aanleunen bij de in vivo omstandigheden van tumoren. In het kader van dit project werd getracht een MCS cultuur te optimaliseren door vergelijking van verschillende kweekprocedures. Tevens werd nagegaan hoe deze MCS zich gedragen na behandeling met antitumorale middelen. Deze studie vormt een eerste aanzet voor toepassingen in highthroughput screening (HTS), die nodig zijn om statistisch significante effecten van lead compounds in fysiologisch relevante modellen aan te tonen.



Room: Collegezaal B Time: 13.30 – 14.50 # 40 MRI-based contour propagation for cervical cancer: towards MRI-guided adaptive

radiotherapy Anita Honingh, Utrecht University

Clinical introduction of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) guided adaptive radiotherapy with the new MRI-accelerator requires automatic contour propagation. In this study we tested a method for (semi-) automatic contour propagation based on deformable image registration of two MRI scans. We analysed both metric and dosimetric parameters of agreement between manual and propagated contours. After addition of manual input, our method for contour propagation shows markedly improved accuracy (metric and dosimetric parameters) for contour propagation of primary clinical target volume, bladder and rectum, but not for nodal clinical target volume, bowel and sigmoid. # 72 The Effect of Microbleeds on Functional Connectivity and Brain Network Organization in

Alzheimer Patients Astrid Alsema, VU University Amsterdam

Alzheimer pathology is thought to be reflected by microbleeds. Microbleeds are small signal voids in echo-weighted magnetic resonance images. Microbleeds - or their underlying pathology - could disturb functional brain activity. Brain activity is measured by electroencephalography (EEG). Functional connectivity measures derived from EEG time-series were used to construct a novel functional brain network: the minimum spanning tree. We showed that Alzheimer patients with ≥3 microbleeds have lower functional connectivity than Alzheimer patients without microbleeds. Current study indicates that Alzheimer patients with multiple microbleeds might suffer from additional loss of functional connections between neurons compared to Alzheimer patients free of microbleeds. # 81 Abnormal Volumetric Patterns in Schizophrenia: MRI Findings in Cerebellar and Hippocampal

Structures. Rik Ubaghs, Maastricht University

Introduction Evidence supports involvement of the cerebellum and the hippocampus in schizophrenia. The current research investigates volumetric differences between healthy controls and patients. Method Volumetric measures were obtained from nineteen patients and thirty healthy controls using a 1.5T MRI scanner. Volumetric differences were examined using F-tests. Cerebrum volume was used as a covariant. Additionally, Spearman correlations were computed between the structures and cerebrum volume. Discussion No volumetric Group differences were found. Results did indicated dissimilar Group patterns in terms of associations between volumes of interest and cerebrum volumes. This suggests possible structural abnormalities associated with the pathology of schizophrenia. # 101 Beweeginterventie voor kinderen met kanker: een participatief ontwerpproces

Roos Tigchelaar, University of applied sciences Utrecht Het ontwerpen van producten gericht op adequaat beweeggedrag van kinderen die in het ziekenhuis worden behandeld voor kanker is, door de vele stakeholders en variëteit aan verschijningsvormen van kanker, een ingewikkeld proces. In deze paper wordt de onderzoeksvraag beantwoord: “Hoe kunnen interventies ontworpen worden gericht op adequaat beweeggedrag van een kind met kanker?” Een ontwerpproject voor de afdeling Kinderoncologie van het Universitair Medisch Centrum Groningen vormt hierbij de casus. Op basis van resultaten uit acht participatieve ontwerp/onderzoeksmethoden wordt een eerste conceptinterventie gepresenteerd: BLOX.



Room: Commissiekamer 3 Time: 13.30 – 14.50 # 97 Avi we-elohi - The Divine Father in Pre-Christian Judaism

Bernice Brijan, University of Groningen & Tilburg University This paper investigates early Judaism as the foundation of early Christianity. This is done by focusing on the image of God as a Father. It departs from the famous and highly influential thesis of Joachim Jeremias from the 1960s, who stated that the way in which Jesus refers to God as his Father points to his unique relationship with God. It is this thesis that is tested in this paper by an investigation of the textual evidence from the Dead Sea Scrolls. Contrary to the conclusions of Jeremias, an analysis of these manuscripts - which are all dated to approximately the first century BCE at the earliest - makes clear that the image of God as a Father was certainly present in Second Temple times and that it was interpreted and developed in a variety of ways. It shows on the one hand that Jesus indeed stood in the Old Testamental tradition of the paternity of God, but questions at the same time whether he was really that distinctive. The Dead Sea Scrolls prove to be essential to give a nuanced view of early Judaism and the dawn and development of Christianity.

# 52 Knowledge Transmission: Context, Techniques and Control - An Examination of Joachim

Heinrich Campe's "Entdeckung von Amerika" as a Philanthropinist Book for Young Readers Helen Piel, Maastricht University

This thesis explores Die Entdeckung von Amerika (1781/82) by the German Enlightenment educationalist Joachim Heinrich Campe (1746-1818). It asks by which means Campe wished to transmit knowledge to readers and exert control over this transmission with his trilogy covering the discovery of America. The work‟s examina-tion against the transnational background of philan-thropinism demonstrates that Campe popularised tenets of this particular educational reform movement. The analy-sis of the interaction between educative and entertaining elements in Entdeckung clarifies how and to what effect Campe used it to transmit knowledge: he applied three techniques but the aimed-for control of knowledge trans-mission was limited. # 90 The Meaning of Israel for the Church. The motives for the presence of the Nederlandse

Hervormde Kerk and the Gereformeerde Kerken in Nederland in Tiberias, 1949-1969 Elizabeth Marteijn, VU University Amsterdam & Protestant Theological University

In 1949, the Nederlandse Hervormde Kerk (NHK, The Dutch Reformed Church) and the Gereformeerde Kerken in Nederland (GKN, The Reformed Churches in the Netherlands) sent delegates to the Scottish mission hospital in Tiberias. There are different motives for the Dutch presence in Israel. The crucial motive for the NHK was the innovative theological idea of the dialogue with Israel of which both the church and the Jews can learn from each other. The GKN intended to build a relationship of trust with the Jews. The GKN was especially driven by the emotional impact of the Second World War which got on in the Netherlands.

# 17 Lost in Translation? The Subversion of the Right to Prior Consultation in Indigenous Mining

Protests in Guatemala Anneloes Hoff, University College Roosevelt

Human rights acquire relevance at the local level when they are adapted to the local context and culture. This adaptation process, which is also referred to as „vernacularization‟, fosters a local rights consciousness, but also runs the risk of diluting and subverting these international norms. This paper examines the vernacularization of the right to prior consultation in Sipakapa, Guatemala, where indigenous communities base their mining protests on this right. The interviewbased case study reveals how the international concept of prior consultation has become hybridized with the local decision-making mechanism of consulta comunitaria („community referendum‟). This is problematic, because the implications of the international and local understanding are fundamentally different.


Time and location

Two poster sessions will take place: between 12.20 and 13.20 o‟clock and between 15.45 and 16.15 o‟clock. The sessions take place in the Foyer.

Voting

As a participant to the conference, you will receive during registration in the morning a voting ballot to cast your vote for the SRC Poster Award 2014. You can hand in your ballot at the registration desk after each poster session. The deadline for handing in the ballot is 16.00 o‟clock. Please ensure that the number of the poster you wish to vote for, matches the number you have indicated on your ballot.

You can place two votes on the voting ballot. You may award 10 points to the best poster and 5 points to the second-best poster.

Papers selected for a poster

# 39 Proper zwembadwater dankzij aangepaste chloorconcentraties: adsorptie van 'gebonden' chloor Jessica Aernoudt, Nick Smits and Yentl Pauwel, Ghent University

Chloor is een veelgebruikt desinfectiemiddel in de behandeling van zwembadwater. Als onderdeel van het desinfectieproces kunnen echter schadelijke bijproducten gevormd worden zoals chloroform en chlooramines. Een techniek om deze producten te verwijderen is adsorptie op hydro-antraciet en/of actief kool. Dit werk omvat een vergelijkende studie voor de evaluatie van de performantie van drie soorten actief kool en één soort hydro-antraciet. Via statische adsorptietesten werden adsorptie-isothermen opgemeten. Zogenaamde „doorbraakcurven‟, die onder continue omstandigheden opgemeten werden, bevestigden Centaur als het meest performante adsorbens. Een dynamische simulatie liet toe effecten van parameters zoals de beginconcentratie op het uiteindelijke adsorptiegedrag te voorspellen. # 21 Hypertension, renal nerves and denervation

Wouter van Amsterdam, Utrecht University Hypertension, a major cause of cardiovascular disease and death, can possibly be treated with a novel intervention known as Renal Denervation when standard treatment is unsatisfactory. In this paper we present a study of the anatomy of the nervous system surrounding the renal artery, which is still largely unknown. Analyzing 4 human renal arteries, we found a predominance of sympathetic fibers (78.2%), followed by parasympathetic van afferent fibers (14.9%, 6.8%). Nerves are closer to the lumen in more distal segments and parasympathetic fibers are closer to the lumen than sympathetic and afferent fibers. # 18 Aminozuurrestrictie in DNA herstel deficiënte muizen

Sangeeta Badloe, Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences Mensen worden steeds ouder. Echter, het verouderen gaat regelmatig gepaard met vele ongemakken, zoals Alzheimer, Parkinson, diabetes, botontkalking, hart- en vaatziekten en kanker; ook wel bekend als de ziektes van de ouderdom. Er zijn verschillende theorieën bekend maar het verouderingsproces en eventuele oorzaken zijn nog steeds slecht begrepen. Beter inzicht in deze processen zou op termijn kunnen leiden tot strategieën om gezond verouderen te bevorderen. Uit dit onderzoek blijkt dat restrictie van de essentiële aminozuren methionine en tryptofaan, een positief effect hebben op de gezondheid en levensduur in muizen met een DNA herstel defect.


# 47 The prolongation of length of hospital stay associated with catheter-related bloodstream infections in critically ill patients in the Netherlands Jaleesa van Beek,VU University Amsterdam

Catheter-related bloodstream infection is associated with increases in the length of stay (LOS). Up to now, no information is available about the additional LOS, and the associated costs, caused by CR-BSI in ICU patients in the Netherlands. To compare LOS and the associated costs between ICU patients with and without CR-BSI an 11-year (2002-2013) retrospective matched case-control study was conducted with data from 35 Dutch hospitals. In this study, CR-BSI was statistically significantly associated with additional LOS, resulting in higher associated costs. These results support the need for ongoing interventions to prevent CR-BSI in ICU patients in the Netherlands. # 28 Social Capital and Firm Size

Lukas Beise, Tilburg University A theoretical model illustrates two effects social capital is hypothesized to have on firm size. First, it decreases firm size because it diminishes the importance of firms‟ transaction costs saving function. Second, it raises firm size because it reduces the costs of organizing production inside firms. An estimation using regional eu data finds evidence of a negative net effect in the water supply/wastemanagement and construction sectors. This result suggests that the transaction costs effect prevails, which is consistent with the hypothesis because especially these two sectors are exposed to transaction costs. # 33 Experimental and theoretical study of the influence of conformational restrictions on the absolute configuration determination of valinol using vibrational circular dichroism

Jonathan Bogaerts, University of Antwerp Vibrational Circular Dichroism (VCD) is a chirooptical technique that measures the difference between the absorption of left (LCPL) and right circular polarised light (RCPL) by vibrational transitions in chiral molecules. In this study, VCD is used to investigate the influence of ring structures on the absolute configuration (AC) determination of valinol. Three different compounds were synthesised: 4-isopropyl-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-oxazolidine, 4-isopropyl-2-methyl-2-oxazoline, 4-isopropyl-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one, all in both the S and R configurations. It appears that the number of conformers decreases and the VCD-intesity increases when valinol is in a ring structure. Furthermore, 4-isopropyl-2-methyl-2-oxazoline has the highest similarity between experiment and calculation. # 34 Peer Feedback in Primary Education: Effects of Feedback Conditions on Handwriting Improvement

Marjolein van Buuren, Marjon van Keersop and Beitske Verheij, Utrecht University Feedback can be powerful, but is time-consuming for teachers. Peer feedback might be a solution. This study reports the effects of teacher feedback, mutual peer feedback, provider and receiver on handwriting improvement and knowledge. Results from 267 students in grade 3 and 4 of primary school showed no significant differences in improvement between teacher and peer feedback. However, peer feedback gave significantly more improvement when peers receive good feed up. Furthermore, peer feedback providers gained significantly more knowledge than receivers. This indicates that peer feedback can be used in handwriting education in primary school as an alternative to teacher feedback. # 66 Van zonnebloemolie tot biodiesel: alternatief reactorontwerp

Michiel Coghe, Anke De Clercq, Moreno Geerts, Lennert Rutsaert and Valérie Schepens Ghent University

Biodieselproductie is een belangrijke schakel in de omschakeling van een aardolie gebaseerde economie naar een „groene‟ economie. Alternatieve reactoropstellingen voor de productie van biodiesel werden zowel experimenteel als theoretisch onderzocht en vergeleken. Het gaat steeds om een buisreactor die in mee- of tegenstroom is opgesteld, in tegenstelling tot de huidige reactoren die van het type mengreactor zijn. In de onderzochte reactoren wordt biodiesel uit oliën gevormd via een transesterificatiereactie. Eerst werd er


gewerkt met een industrieel toegepaste, homogene,basische katalysator. Nadien werd overgeschakeld naar een heterogene, zure katalysator welke een potentieel voordeel kan leveren ten opzochte van de huidige katalysatoren, v.b., een lager energieverbruik.Drie reactormodellen werden opgesteld , d.z., een homogeen, een twee fasen en een heterogeen propstroom model. Deze modellen lieten toe de verschillende reactorconfiguraties met elkaar te vergelijken. Er werd ook een simulatie uitgewerkt voor de implementatie van deze reactoren op industriële schaal. # 76 BAP1 Role in Uveal Melanoma Drug Sensitivity

Valentina Cordò, Leiden University Uveal Melanoma (UM) is a rare and aggressive type of eye cancer that often evolves into metastasis. According to gene expression profiling analysis, UMs can be divided into two main groups: Class 1 (low metastatic risk) and Class 2 (high metastatic risk and bad prognosis). A common feature of most of the aggressive UMs is loss of one copy of BAP1, a tumor suppressor gene located on chromosome 3. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of BAP1 in cell sensitivity to chemotherapeutic treatments including kinase inhibitors, HDAC inhibitor and small molecule drugs reactivating p53. # 68 Natural Resource Rents: Revenues That Harm Fiscal Policies?

Johanna Jacomina Cornet, Leiden University Uveal Melanoma (UM) is a rare and aggressive type of eye cancer that often evolves into metastasis. According to gene expression profiling analysis, UMs can be divided into two main groups: Class 1 (low metastatic risk) and Class 2 (high metastatic risk and bad prognosis).A common feature of most of the aggressive UMs is lossof one copy of BAP1, a tumor suppressor gene located on chromosome 3. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of BAP1 in cell sensitivity to chemotherapeutic treatments including kinase inhibitors, HDAC inhibitor and small molecule drugs reactivating p53. # 30 The Effect of Fatigue on Health Related Quality of Life in Stroke Patients: A Prospective Study

Elise Crompvoets, Tilburg University Three main consequences of stroke are fatigue, dependency in activities of daily living (ADL), and reduced health related quality of life (HRQoL). This study hypothesized that fatigue negatively affects HRQoL in stroke patients, partially mediated by dependency in ADL. This relation was estimated over time. Fatigue surprisingly decreased dependency in ADL, and fatigue and being dependent in ADL reduced HRQoL. Dependency in ADL did not change over time, whereas HRQoL decreased. The mediation effect, however, was not significant. Therefore, the effect of fatigue on HRQoL cannot be stated to be partially mediated by dependency in ADL. # 50 Why is Bulgaria Lagging Behind the Visegrad Countries?

Ivana Daskalova, Maastricht University Bulgaria has not democratized as much as the Visegrad countries, which are comparable in many respects, although basically the same leverage was exerted by the European Union. This contribution attempts to elucidate this puzzle by examining the geopolitical and economic linkage to the West, the competition between the political elites after 1989, their interests, and the state capacity. Finally, it is suggested that the explanation lies in the level of economic linkage, political competition and state capacity. Their level was much higher in the Visegrad states than in Bulgaria – those elements are therefore necessary for EU conditionality to succeed.


# 92 Het Psychoseksuele Evolutiemodel: over de Paradoxale Machtsvermindering van Vrouwen als Gevolg van de Anticonceptiepil Duane de Freitas, University of Amsterdam

De seksuele autonomie geboden door de anticonceptiepil wordt door veel vrouwen als positief ervaren, maar de langetermijngevolgen zijn mogelijk niet enkel voordelig: het hier gepresenteerde Psychoseksuele Evolutiemodel beschrijft hoe het lagere zwangerschapsrisico door anticonceptie gezorgd heeft voor fellere seksuele competitie onder vrouwen, waardoor de voorwaarden waaronder seks plaatsvindt in toenemende mate in het voordeel zijn van mannen. De seksuele revolutie, gekenmerkt door verbintenisarme seksuele relaties is dientengevolge ontstaan. Daarnaast gaat de Pil ten koste van de onderhandelingsmacht van vrouwen met betrekking tot het huwelijk, wat mogelijk de oorzaak is van het afnemende geluksniveau van vrouwen van de afgelopen vijftig jaar.

# 56 The blood lead levels of children in Ulaanbaatar

Elnura Halmambetova, VU University Amsterdam Air pollution is a big threat to public health of Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. The blood lead level (BLL) is one of the major biomarkers for air pollution exposure. The lead exposure results in decreased concentration/attention, memory loss, poor school performance and decrease of IQ in children. The cross-sectional cohort was performed on 153 children in Ulaanbaatar. The main outcomes of this study are more than half of the studied children have a BLL higher than the CDC recommendation; high BLL is correlated to poor school performance; the estimated IQ of those children is 97 with IQ decline of 4.3 points.

# 98 Domain Wall Motion in Materials with Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy Dion Hartmann, Utrecht University & Eindhoven University of Technology

This Thesis reports on our theoretical and experimental study of the motion of magnetic domains in perpendicular magnetic anisotropy materials. We show that spatial fluctuations of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya-Interaction (DMI) give rise to a local in plane magnetic field parallel to the domain wall. Our calculations on the atomic scale also point out that the sign and magnitude of the DMI strength is strongly related to the interface structure. This result motivated our experimental study on interface effects which shows that the in-plane magnetic field dependence of the domain wall motion is governed by sample growth parameters. We show that in-plane field effects enter the creep theory in novel ways. Our work leads to new insights concerning the DMI, in-plane magnetic fields, creep theory and effects of the conditions under which the studied samples are grown. # 57 Grasping interactions: A novel framework for interactive Hodgkin-Huxley neuron simulation

in hardware Jonas Hasbach, Maastricht University

Silicon neurons, artificial neurons made from electronics, are currently not applied in the teaching domain although hardware implementations might be valuable in conveying ideas to the user given that physical models can be „grasped‟. The author proposes the „extended electronic physical architecture‟ (EEPA), a novel framework for simulating neurons in hardware that could be applied in the teaching domain and is capable of simulating non- electronic properties. Furthermore, the technical realization of the EEPA is demonstrated by implementing a part of the Hodgkin Huxley model in hardware. Model behaviour seems promising but leaves the implementation in need for improvements.


# 69 New forms of terrorism and the role of the Dutch population in the prevention of terrorist attacks

Tamara Hendriksen and Ganna Hendriksen, HU University of Applied Sciences Utrecht Terrorism is a long existing, ever changing phenomenon, and will continue to exist in the future. Terrorism will develop and new forms of terrorism can be formed. For the Netherlands, four forms can be identified as a threat for the next ten to fifteen years. These forms are: Cyberterrorism, CBRN-terrorism, Lone wolf terrorism and Radicalism/Jihadism. These forms are subjected to technological developments and digitalization. It becomes increasingly difficult for civilians to spot signals of these new forms of terrorism. However, there is willingness from the population to receive more information from the government in order to contribute in the prevention of terrorist attacks # 38 On the complexity of Maximin Latin hypercube designs

Hao Hu, Tilburg University Latin hypercube designs (LHDs) are widely used in computer experiments for the approximation and optimization of black-box functions. However, finding an optimal LHD with good space-filling properties can be computationally intractable when the number of dimensions and design points increase. No one, to the best of our knowledge, has so far tried to establish the complexity class of this problem. It is therefore interesting to show its complexity and make a practical algorithm to find the optimal design. This paper studies the complexity for this problem and its several variants when the maximin criterion is used to accomplish spacefilling properties. # 88 Robuuste burgerinitiatieven, voor iedere initiatiefnemer weggelegd? Een onderzoek naar

persoonlijke kenmerken van initiatiefnemers en de robuustheid van hun burgerinitiatieven Malika Igalla, Erasmus University Rotterdam

Levensvatbare burgerinitiatieven zijn noodzakelijk om sociale problemen duurzaam aan te pakken. Robuuste initiatieven kunnen intern verantwoordelijkheden delen en zijn extern goed verbonden met diverse netwerken en kunnen in deze aanpak voorzien. Niet iedereen kan even goed een levensvatbaar burgerinitiatief beheren. Dit artikel laat zien dat initiatiefnemers die jonger zijn, een eigen huishouden met kinderen hebben en een beroep uitoefenen dat gerelateerd is aan de publieke sector dit beter kunnen. Door dit beroep worden veel boundary spanning activiteiten ondernomen. De mobilisatie van bronnen, zoals financiën en overheidssteun, neemt toe, als ook de robuustheid. Loert hier de ongelijkheid van zelforganisatie? # 24 Structural studies of EDDS lyase

Marijke Jansma, University of Groningen EDTA is a versatile chelating agent which can bind a wide range of metals. Unfortunately, its wide-spread application causes significant soil pollution, due to the low biodegradability of this chemical. EDDS, a structural isomer of EDTA, is an environmental-friendly alternative because it is biodegradable. EDDS can be synthesized enzymatically with EDDS lyase. This enzyme can form EDDS from fumarate and ethylenediamine. In this project, the 3D structure of EDDS lyase with different substrates bound in its active site was studied using X-ray crystallography in order to gain more insight in the enzymatic reaction mechanism. # 36 Income inequality, redistribution and democracy

Linda de Jongh, Maastricht University Income inequality can lead to reduced growth, political conflicts and other social ills. This paper looks at whether the democratization process has an influence on income inequality. A panel data set of 56 countries between 1990 and 2006 with the polity score and gini index as proxies for democratization and income inequality, respectively, is used. It is found that democratization leads to more inequality until a polity score of 8 is reached. However, for (post)communist countries, there is first an increase in inequality where after it decreases. Additionally, it seems that mainly the independence of politicians drives these results.


# 74 The influence of creative self-efficacy on creative performance Bianca Koeman, Tess van der Kolk and Sander Brockhus, Delft University of Technology

Creativity can be expressed within different forms of representations such as writing, painting or reasoning. This paper argues the influence of creative self-efficacy on creative performance, which was measured by conducting a questionnaire and an assignment on creative performance. The results were assessed on three categories of creativity: fluency, flexibility and originality. A statistical comparison between these categories and creative self-efficacy resulted in a correlation which induces that creativity can be increased by enhancing creative self-efficacy. # 22 Pathway to Parental Alienation

Heleen Koppejan-Luitze, Open University of the Netherlands The behavior of eight residential parents whose children struggle with the visitation-agreements after a divorce, has been explored through in-depth interviews. The interviews indicate that the overt behavior of residential parents may be guided by their feelings towards non-residential parents. Specific experiences in their past are seen to result in a typical dynamic routing directed at influencing the child‟s loyalty against the other parent. This study also indicates that the parent‟s feelings may become mirrored by their children, who may consequently internalize them as if they were their own. The outcome of these processes can be a shifting loyalty of the child, which opens up the way to parental alienation. # 46 Metabolic acceleration within gastropods: An analysis of deviating growth patterns from the

Dynamic Energy Budget theory within several gastropod species Lars Kramer, Joris Koene and Sebastiaan Kooijman, VU University Amsterdam

Since the last decade, Dynamic Energy Budget models have done a great job at creating a better understanding of organism energy and nutrient use, while maintaining and expanding a database on these organisms, which currently counts over 300 species. However, in order to incorporate and understand more deviating growth patterns, this database will require a wider range of employed growth strategies. In my research, I have investigated the presence of metabolic acceleration within four freshwater snails divided over two families and four genera. The results indicate that the species Lymnaea stagnalis, Stagnicola palustris, Planorbis planorbis and Biomphalaria glabrata all show signs of a metabolic acceleration. Further analysis also indicated that the degree of metabolic acceleration was influenced by the presence of conspecifics for Lymnaea stagnalis, whereas the other three species exhibited no direct connection between metabolic acceleration and the presence of conspecifics. Moreover, the relationship between the size of the shells and the weight of the snails seems to indicate that the presence of metabolic acceleration is more closely linked to the morphology of the snails or the gradual growth of bacteria in the colon. These results highlight the necessity of detailed growth data on lengths, weights and reproduction, in addition to theoretical models -that are essential for interpretation and further hypothesizing- in order to accurately describe any model organisms. # 6 De Relatie tussen Mindfulness en Stress: de modererende Rol van Zelfwaardering

Brenda Lelie, Open University of the Netherlands In deze studie wordt onderzocht of de negatieve relatie tussen mindfulness en stress beïnvloed wordt door iemands zelfwaardering. In een cross-sectioneel vragenlijstonderzoek zijn mindfulness, stress en zelfwaardering gemeten. Uit de resultaten blijkt dat mindfulness en stress negatief met elkaar samenhangen. Voor mensen met een lage zelfwaardering is deze negatieve samenhang sterker dan voor mensen met een hoge zelfwaardering. Opvallend is dat dit moderatiemodel wel geldt bij de mindfulnesssubschaal Acceptatie en niet bij de subschaal Aanwezigheid. Dit zou een aanwijzing kunnen zijn voor het inzetten van mindfulnesstraining specifiek voor mensen met een lage zelfwaardering waarbij dan vooral acceptatievaardigheden getraind kunnen worden.


# 32 E-cigarettes: Legislating the conflicting interests among consumers, tobacco companies, tax

authorities and public health

Lisaima Luijten and Tatiana Degtyareva, Utrecht University

Originated in China, electronic cigarettes found their way to the European and American markets in 2006 and 2007, respectively. In May 2014, the European Union effectuated a new Tobacco Product Directive that concerns regulation of tobacco related products including e-cigarettes. This raised the question why the legislative authorities in the EU and US want to tax and regulate these non-tobacco containing products as a tobacco related product. Analysis of the tobacco market, its involved parties and the stakes involved, lead to the conclusion that the concerned authorities are more inclined towards protecting private interests rather than public health. # 82 Retractions in Psychological Research

Alexej Michire, Maastricht University

The main purpose of the current study was to examine the belief perseverance effect in a sample of academic psychologists. It was assumed that the presentation of misinformation would produce belief perseverance that would perish after a powerful debriefing manipulation. To test this, academic psychologists were asked to read a retracted paper and fill in two identical belief measurement scales about the content of the paper at two different times. Out of three different conditions the debriefing manipulation was presented in the Debriefing condition between the two measurements. As expected, belief perseverance perished in the second measurement. These findings suggest that retractions are effective in psychological research for academic psychologists. # 86 Het Evalueren van Specifieke Verwachtingen: Hoe goed is onze Intuïtie over Power?

Annemarie Prins, Utrecht University Veel onderzoekers hebben specifieke verwachtingen over de uitkomst van hun onderzoek. Deze verwachtingen worden vaak indirect geëvalueerd met Nul Hypothese Toetsing en p-waarden, waarbij er meerdere testen uitgevoerd moeten worden om steun te krijgen voor de verwachting. Waar onderzoekers zich wellicht niet bewust van zijn, is dat de power om ondersteuning te vinden voor deze specifieke verwachting snel afneemt, naarmate meerdere testen uitgevoerd worden. In deze studie is onderzocht in hoeverre onderzoekers zich bewust zijn van deze deflatie van power. Er blijkt een grote discrepantie te bestaan tussen de werkelijke power voor de bevestiging van een specifieke verwachting en de inschatting van sociale wetenschappers. # 49 Comparison of the CD8+ T cell response after yellow fever vaccination of

immunocompromised and healthy individuals Melissa van der Sluijs, VU University Amsterdam

Yellow fever is a mosquito transmitted virus. Since no treatment exists, vaccination is the only way of prevention. The vaccine is considered to be safe, but can provoke severe side effects in immunocompromised patients. This study aims to compare these patients to healthy individuals to gain more information about this immune response and possibly formulate new vaccination guidelines. Blood samples were taken and participants filled in a questionnaire about adverse events after vaccination. PBMC‟s were isolated. Tetramer LLWNGPMAV was used to display CD8+ T cells by FACs analysis in HLA-A2 positive participants. We found no significant differences between these groups.


# 87 Local agro-management and landscape effects on pollination in agricultural fields Eva Thuijsman, Wageningen University

This review evaluates 13 recent (2007-2013) studies on pollination in organic and conventional fields, at a local and a landscape scale. Pollinator abundance and diversity were mainly associated with flowering plant diversity and cover, at a field and at a landscape scale. Organic management enhanced pollinator abundance and species richness compared to conventional management in half of the cases, mainly in pollinator-independent crops. Remarkably, pesticide use had no effect on pollinators (when measured separately). Landscape heterogeneity with nearby natural habitats supplemented the effects of local management, rather than overruled them. # 80 FaceSpeaker: a Wearable Face Recognition Device For The Blind

Tim in ’t Veld, Utrecht University FaceSpeaker is a prototype wearable face recognition device which supports visually impaired users during social interactions by covertly identifying their acquaintances. The prototype is based on a laptop worn in a backpack, running the open source FaceSpeaker software. The user controls the prototype using a small Bluetooth keyboard. The user wears camera glasses, and the FaceSpeaker software speaks an enrolled person's name when his face comes in view of the camera. # 48 Bewijs bij de bestuurlijke boete

Valérie Verschoor, Leiden University Bewijs bij de bestuurlijke boete, een doolhof voor de burger? Ik heb onderzocht hoe het bewijsrecht voor de bestuurlijke boete in elkaar zit en daarbij de nadruk gelegd op het EVRM. Hierbij is de onschuldpresumptie uit art. 6 lid 2 EVRM het belangrijkste. Omdat de regels zo verspreid zijn, pleiten een aantal auteurs voor een apartbestuursstrafrecht, terwijl de wetgever geen probleem lijkt te zien. Naar mijn mening moet er dan ook ietsveranderd worden om zo duidelijkheid voor de burger te scheppen. # 19 MK-801 as a deficit model for schizophrenia and the possible counteracting effects of

risperidone and donepezil Thecla van Wageningen, Maastricht University

This research focused on the possibility to use the N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor hypofunction theory of schizophrenia to find new ways to treat cognitive deficits seen in schizophrenia. The Object Location Task (OLT) was used to verify if the NMDA-antagonist MK-801 can induce cognitive deficits in (spatial) memory in mice. Subsequently the OLT was again used to test if the drugs donepezil and risperidone could counteract the cognitive deficits induced by MK-801. In this study it was confirmed that the NMDA antagonist MK-801 in doses higher than 0.1 mg/kg induces cognitive deficits. Surprisingly, donepezil showed a strong trend in counteracting the MK-801induced deficit.


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