IMPROPER TRANSFORMATION OF NATURAL LANDUSE …

IMPROPER TRANSFORMATION OF NATURAL LANDUSE

PATTERN TO GROWING A NEW SATELLITE

COMMERCIAL TOWN, ANALYSIS WITH GIS

APPLICATION, AT RAJARHAT AND ADJOINING AREA,

KOLKATA, WEST BENGAL

Soma Mukhopadhyay Research Scholar, Dept. of. Geography, C.M.J. University, Jorabat, Meghalaya, India.

Dr.Harsha Kumar Das Gupta Research Guide, Dept. of. Geography, C.M.J. University, Jorabat, Meghalaya, India.

Abstract: This paper breaks down the elements of settlement development and metropolitan

extension in the city of Rajarhat and adjoining area, Kolkata, North 24 Parganas. It centers

on the foundation of casual settlements, which are one of the numerous dangers to

agricultural land and wetland (EKW) preservation (in spite of the fact that these settlements

are by all account not the only wellspring of the issue). Spatial examination of development

information (utilizing Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and factual displaying)

indicated that by 2020, 70 percent of the land region at Rajarhat and surroundings area had

just been changed by human action. It shows how such strategies permit an itemized planning

of land use changes and incorporates details of the area of the agricultural land and wetland

losses, the idea of the land use changes that caused these and the nature of the farming area

that was lost. Moreover, casual settlements involved around 54 percent of the metropolitan

zone. The front of East Kolkata Wetland, the area's unique environment that is of colossal

natural significance and organic abundance, was determined at just 7.6 percent (9.3 square

kilometers) and this is being undermined by the proceeded with development of casual

settlements. Apparently, when these casual settlements are being set up, a specific ecological

rationale works, which thus makes conceivable the social rationale that sets off the control of

spaces that are, on a basic level, not appropriate for urbanization. The deficient pay of a

large part of the populace and their requirement for lodging, just as the nonattendance of

veritable long haul metropolitan arranging and, in particular, the absence of lawfully

accessible adjoining land for building, are empowering the control of land not appropriate

for metropolitan turn of events, including locales at high danger of earthquakes and flooding.

This is additionally causing regular asset and farmland corruption just as the disintegration

of day to day environments inside the metropolitan limit, issues that compromise the city's

sup-portability.

Keywords: ecological services, GIS, informal settlements, East-Kolkata - Wetland,

urbanization

Science, Technology and Development

Volume IX Issue VII JULY 2020

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Page No : 482

Introduction

Control of land use is exceptionally feeble in medium-sized metropolitan networks in the territory of

West Bengal. In Rajarhat, improvement through easygoing settlement is proceeding apace and

demolishing metropolitan issues, with no sign of any lessening in pressure on trademark resources and

neighboring beneficial areas. Advancement has been uproarious, with unrehearsed new settlements

consistently bouncing up on the edges. There is immaterial plan for green spaces inside as far as

possible and the easygoing urbanization measure bothers the issue. The inhabitants of the settlements

will over the long haul need to deal with this and fight for public green spaces.

Cultivating is the fundamental occupation in the people of common regions of west Bengal.

The productive execution of land changes in the state close by sensible air, suffering streams,

ripe soil and varied topography makes it a principle occupation in the state. Critical business

and organization territory practices underlie its financial essentialness, and its broad natural

plenitude gets from the enveloping wetland, a climate of high biodiversity that is maybe the

most undermined in the country. Migration from land and the going to dispossession of

financial and social capital is apparently maybe the best space of fight in contemporary rustic

and peril-metropolitan India.

The Study Area: Rajarhat and adjoining area

RajarhatGopalpur city is administered by Municipal Corporation which goes under Kolkata

Metropolitan Region. The RajarhatGopalpur city is situated in West Bengal province of

India. Rajarhat is a Tehsil/Block (CD) in the North Twenty Four Parganas District of West

Bengal. As indicated by Census 2011 data the sub-region code of Rajarhat block is 02332.

Complete territory of Rajarhat is 88 km² including 64.39 km² rural region and 24.07 km²

metropolitan region. Rajarhat has a populace of 189893 people groups. According to

temporary reports of Census India, population of RajarhatGopalpur in 2011 is 402,844; of

which male and female are 203,911 and 198,933 separately. In spite of the fact that

RajarhatGopalpur city has population of 402,844; its metropolitan/metropolitan populace is

14,035,959 of which 7,251,908 are males and 6,784,051 are females. There are 42,910

houses in the sub-locale. There are around 40 towns in Rajarhat block. Rajarhat is an actual

neighborhood that falls under the ward of Bidhan Nagar Municipal Corporation of North 24

Parganas region, part of Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority (KMDA). Arranged in



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the northern edges of Kolkata, Rajarhat is a residential hub and is firmly encircled by prime

areas of Dum Dum, Baguiati, Keshtopur, New Town, Salt Lake and Lake Town. It contains a

mix of under-development just as finished multi-story high rises, some of which are Siddha

Happyville, Siddha Town, Ideal Enclave, Mounthill Pyramid and Loharuka Green Heights.

The story that spreads out in this paper portrays the difference in Rajarhat an erstwhile nation

settlement in the domain of West Bengal, abutting state capital Kolkata, into an up market

satellite region, included for the most part of business/IT focuses, lavishness real-estate, and

malls. Regardless of the way that seen as a picture of Kolkata's resurgence, Rajarhat is

simultaneously a record of "steady cycle[s] of expulsions, seizures, biological debasement,

and social contradiction" (Bose 2013:127). Programming advancement stops and

organization industry in and around Kolkata moreover uses a gigantic number of people.

Being set up a Special Economic Zone an understanding has been endorsed among the

Government of West Bengal, there are 5 utilitarian SEZs in West Bengal. They are in falta,

Manikanchan at Saltlake, WIPRO at Kolkata, UnitechHitech for IT at Rajarhat (2008), ML

Dalmiya and friends at Bantala (Kolkata).

Right around 40 hectares of the 12,500-hectare zone of the Rajarhat-Newtown complex,

including by and large of farmland and lakes, has quite recently been changed over into

current or private structures. The advancement material business has moreover extended.

At pretty much twenty-year-old pattern of land obtaining and improvement in Rajarhat, a

previous commonplace settlement in the Indian domain of West Bengal. The story works out

as intended against the setting of a Neo-liberal state in the overall South going about as a

corporate facilitator, the attendant dispossession, and particularly the change of the towns and

nation occupations. The paper endeavors to follow the possibility of this change by planning

the monetary changes from one point of view.

Methodology

The enlarging never-ending urban sprawl of Rajarhat was dissected with regards to both the

district and the bigger Bidhannagar Municipality Corporation. The population censuses of

1981, 1991, 2001, 2011 along with verifiable data, were utilized to report the elements of

population development and its relationship with the growing metropolitan region of



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Rajarhat. We had the option to take a gander at various phases of the urbanization cycle,

contrast them and the present metropolitan scene and recognize the progressions that

occurred at each stage regarding development, change or decrease in segments, for example,

lodging blocks, highways, waterways and physical and social highlights, using the

classifications corresponding to the year of the cartographic reconstruction in question. Geo-

mapping is characterized as a strategy for land and subsurface studying utilizing GPS that

presents an itemized perspective on the site and the encompassing territory including streets,

structures, waterways, estuaries and pipelines. The incorporated procedure utilization of

Remote sensing and GIS strategies has end up being completed my paper. For the analysis

API work to programming inters face, which is the data source collected by RS, and analyzed

by GIS, through Bit by CORBA for common requisite broker architecture. During generation

of contours vide required values, Fundamental data are programmed by HTML, as to location

DLG, WGS, TIN, and DLG application are common.

Materials

In a location, its exploration destinations, the current paper utilizes information on distant

detecting for the Rajarhat and adjoining for various stretch of time gathered from the Landsat

data set of the Global Land Cover Facility(URL:http://www.glcf.umd.edu) and the National

Remote Sensing Centre (URL: http://bhuvan.nrsc.gov.in). LANDSAT information are

helpful, especially because of the accessibility of a drawn out computerized file with a

medium spatial goal and very steady ghostly and radiometric goals. To analyze the various

information and to obtain spatially defined contents, HTML is the basic information source in

most of the cases. With the help of markup language DDE, DTM, DLG, is the main source of

analysis. To customize any system of data manipulation, classifications, the given paths are

common application by ERDAS

Objectives

The exploration targets of the Rajarhat and abutting area,(North 24 Pargana, West Bengal)

are to investigate the relations among population growth, consumption pattern, and land use

change and to think about the discoveries such that will enlighten the chief main forces of the

noticed changes. Seeking to recognize territories going through critical changes in population

yet grasping an assortment of land utilizes, including farming, metropolitan, and normal. One



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outcome is that all locales have enormous populaces and high populace densities. A base

period, generally the last a few years, was received for the correlation of patterns, at the same

time, where accessible, significantly sooner information were utilized in the investigations.

To describe land use change, it looks at the distribution of volume Reduction of vegetation,

wet land, modification of residential complex area and cropping patterns, has been analyzed

on data produce by satellite.

The targets of the examination are typified in some inquiries that grasp the numerous

particular issues tended to at Rajarhat and adjoining site and in the sections of this report:

a) What is the idea of the critical populace and land use changes in the investigation

areas?

b) How much has neighborhood populace development and utilization straightforwardly

affected the adjustments in land use?

c) From a correlation of the contextual analyses, what can be found out about the overall

idea of the powers driving the changes and about the impact of government strategies

on populace development and versatility, land use, and monetary turn of events?

The quick development in purchaser interest for ecological comforts—for direct utilization of

ecological administrations—emerging out of fast development in per capita pay and big

league salary versatility of interest for such natural administrations as admittance to common

habitats and independence from contamination and blockage (Ruttan, 1971).

To respond to the subsequent inquiry, recorded changes in the dispersion of land among the

characteristic, agrarian, and metropolitan (called "developed" in this report) classifications

opposite changing populace densities and circulations and utilization designs.

In investigating the third inquiry and analyzing different powers causing change, specialists

consider the jobs of government strategies and monetary combination and globalization. This

inquiry, regularly unequivocally barred from segment and land use considers, can be

addressed simply by breaking down how populace and land use changes have been affected

by government approaches and elevated financial combination either straightforwardly or

through unintended outcomes. The appropriate response may recommend headings for future

exploration.



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Views and Discussions

The total area is the back wash of Bay of Bengal. For the growth of population urban place

extended rapidly to meet the demand of shelter. The master plan was taken up 50 years ago,

installing a pumping station of Uttarbhag to clear the stagnant water to Bay of Bengal. In

view of biodiversity & ecological view point, some areas left as wetland for natural

equilibrium. But the demand failed to consecrate the same. Gradually political motive in

relation with promoters, corporate sectors & other sources violated all norms of Ramser

concept, in many cases the corporate sector invested for the business of housing, IT building,

Hotels & many other establishments’ grabbed land. In most of the violation of changing slope

of land, high rise buildings ignoring Run off, flow direction & geology of the landscape.

Destroying green is the common evidence as on imagery of MS May 2016

RGB 233 indicating providing evidences I FCC.



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Violating of slope of the terrain small & big constructions is the common, for the reason

stagnation of water during rain is a common problem, at wetland of East Kolkata. More over

changing of slop is the major problem. Contours in this sector 15 meters in average.

The ridge lines are interrupted by our cultural activity. For constructions changing of slope is

the common practice. For the reasons the water outlets is blocked & normal runoff of rain

water not having outlet of movement.

In most of the areas many unauthorized buildings encroached the spaces violation the FAR

rules. Big construction is the common practice in the East Kolkata wet land.

Constructions are done violating the rules & all norms of urban planning mainly. The FAR

rules. Recently FAR rule has been modified in favors of developers & promoters. More over

change of land character by the administration making the situation graver

Slope of the land is ignored as shown in imagery of contour elevations of 10 meters

destroyed, for the reason stagnation of rain water increased.



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As per imagery below the settlement encroaching the agricultural lands .Vide land sat

imagery dated 30 May 2017 RGB 234. Unauthorized constructions, destroying the natural

landscape, it is a threat for biodiversity.

The most of the buildings are unauthorized, destroying the big trees; pilings are the main

foundation of big constructions. The piling is dug without considering the geology of the

locations. In most of the situation made by wood.

In the MS imagery dated 30

th Jan 2017 RGB 123, presented I green channel representing the

terrain modification characterizes.



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The major areas are wet land, water level rise represented in scale. Ignoring all hurdles

changing the land character, constructions are common.

The nature of contour lay out providing us for the evidential analysis on nature elevation

variations. Ignoring all norms the slope of lands are changed for constrictions.

The land here may be considered as agricultural land, orchards may have been evident, but

now left as a fallow land.

The ultimate of transform of fringe villages reached when the total lands what so ever the

quality agriculture is taken up for urban uses. There will be the non existence of agriculture.

Farming of any kind will not be possible. Old village sites will be encroached by number

residential enclaves.

In this supervised analysis0f 2010 wetland, water bodies & wasted lands are reduced for

various encroachments. In the supervised imagery of 2019 expansion of urban areas,

reduction of wetland, vegetation reduced.



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Problems

Population movements driven by monetary reasons have prompted individuals getting

comfortable zones in the fringe of the metropolitan. Lacking arranging and administration of

peri-metropolitan regions by neighborhood governments are bringing about different issues

like development of unapproved provinces and illicitly constructed structures. The present

circumstance is exploited by corrupt designers who draw individuals looking for a rooftop

over their head, later, leaving them to confront the results of becoming tied up with or living

in an unlawful structure. Other than the expected specialized risks on uncontrolled building

locales and in completed structures, illegal structure movement can be a significant ecological

infringement when the works infringe upon save regions like nature holds. In like manner,

unlawful structure can have genuine political ramifications when it is rehearsed as land

snatching or for illicit getting comfortable unfamiliar domains.

Conclusion

Relocation from land and the attending dispossession of monetary and social capital is

seemingly perhaps the greatest space of battle in contemporary country and peri-metropolitan

India.

The examination gauges that metropolitan extension has happened for the most part in

Rajarhat and Adjoining Area. The change of prime agricultural lands other grounds

(generally infertile) into developed zones shows the development of spread inside the urban

sub-focus. The general outcome shows that metropolitan development of the investigation

zone isn't conservative in nature and it is a proof of convergence of spread development over

the metropolitan sub-focus. Vegetation is a characteristic cooling system as it energizes

evapotranspiration, and energy is scattered more through dormant warming as opposed to

reasonable warming. Additionally, as the vegetation and wetlands will in general assimilate

heat, the encompassing air temperatures are probably going to diminish.Thus, water touchy

metropolitan plan is important to support metropolitan atmosphere. There should be suitable

administrative structure for preservation and rebuilding of wetland and water bodies. Finally,

individuals should be made mindful of the way that social, monetary and ecological changes

throughout the years in the territory have generally been brought about by quick, spontaneous



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and unsystematic urbanization prompting wasteful utilization of basic characteristic assets

like land and water.

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