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Chapter-V

Dynamics of Urban Landuse - 149 -

Chapter – V

DYNAMICS OF URBAN LANDUSE

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Brief Literature Review

5.3 Database and Methodology

5.4 Urban Centres in Miraj Tahsil

5.5 Historical Development of Sangli – Miraj

5.6 Employment Characteristics

5.7 Demographic Dimensions

5.8 Morphological Units of the Urban Centres & Functional Classification

5.9 Testing of Urban Landuse Model for Sangli

5.10 Urban Amenities and Infrastructure

5.11 Urban Landuse / Landcover

5.12 Built-up Area Changes

5.13 Urban Problems

5.14 Suggestions to the Urban Problems

5.15 Proposed Landuse / Landcover

5.16 Conclusion

References

Web-References

Appendix- 5.1 to 5.2

Chapter-V


CHAPTER-V

DYNAMICS OF URBAN LANDUSE

5.1 Introduction

Urban areas are considered as the most dynamic portion on earth

surface. Urbanization has been taking place rapidly all over the world

and India is not exception for this. In 1961, about 79 million persons

were living in urban areas of the country and their number had

increased to over 217 million in 1991(NIUA, 2000). Landscapes are

always changing, as they are the expression of the constant interaction

between natural and cultural forces in the environment. By identifying

the past urbanization patterns, policy makers and planners can gain

better insight towards present and future development patterns (Esbah,

et. al., 2007). Rapid urban expansion necessitates proper planning to

avoid negative environmental and socio-economic impacts. Remote

sensing and GIS technology provides effective tools to understand the

phenomenon as well as for planning and decision making process. In this

chapter an attempt has been made to understand the dynamics of urban

landuse in Miraj tahsil.

5.2 Brief Literature Review

In the field of urban geography number of Doctoral dissertation

and research papers have been written by several scholars. Individual

town and cities became an interest of geographers with special reference

to their physical setting, historical growth, morphology, its functions and

delimitation of umland. Urban growth is the most important indicator of

development of a country or region (Mulik, 1989). After independence a

number of articles, which are related to urban growth have appeared in

the distinguished national level geographical journals of India.

The study related to urban growth and urbanization has been

carried out by different scholars, such as Singh R.L. (1965) studies

Banaras city, Mookarji S. (1958) made a study to check the growth of

Chapter-V


Nagpur city. Dwivedi R.L. (1963) studied the growth of Allahbad city and

Dutta A.K. (1966) worked on Jamsedhpur city.

The urban geographers from Calcutta have worked on urban

growth and associated problems of Calcutta conurbation (Gosal G. S.

1972). K. Sita (1973) highlights the low level of urbanization in south

Konkan, which needs adequate industrial incentives to raise its level of

Urbanization. Deshmuk P.W. and Kulkarni K.G. (1978) studied the

growth of Sangli city. Deshpande C.D. (1971) made a geographical study

on cities and towns in Maharashtra (1961-1971). Mulik (1989) has

studied the urbanization of south Maharashtra plateau. Jamadar K.M.

(1983) checked the impact of Urbanization on Rural Land use as a case

study of Solapur city and its fringe zone. Zodge S.B. (2001) worked on

Urban Growth and Environment Impact – A Case Study of Kolhapur City.

Kumbhar A.P. (1999) studied growth pattern of Satara town.

Vhasmane A.S. (1989) studied the growth and related problems of

Ichalkaranji city. The focus was made on physical expansions of city

through various phases along with growth of function and functional

areas in Ichalkaranji city. The problems related to residential area,

associated to slum, water supply, bus transportation, crime and

problems of power-loom industry are studied from geographical point of

view.

Kurni (2008) studied the urban growth and its impact on

environment in Belgaum city, to examine the various aspects of growth of

Belgaum city and its impact on environment. The study highlights how

Belgaum city grew over a period of forty years (1961 to 2001). The study

is an endeavor to investigate the relationship between various aspect of

urban growth and the changing nature of environment in the city. It also

examines the various changes that have been taken place, during 1961-

2001 in the city.

Shekhar S. (2005), in her thesis “Monitoring urban sprawl of Pune

by using Remote sensing and GIS techniques”, explained the changing

Chapter-V


space of Pune. This study has been carried out with RS data, GIS and

GPS, where focus is made on land use patterns with respect to

population growth and land transformation in various parts of city. The

urban land use suitability analysis is made based on physical,

environmental and accessibility parameters.

Using GIS and RS techniques the estimate expansion of three

Jordanian cities i.e. Amman, Ma'daba and Irbid are studied by Saleh and

Rawashdeh (2007). The impact of rapid urbanization and

industrialization is studied with respect to environmental and socio-

economic problems. Aerial photographs and LandSat images are used to

identify urbanized areas and to quantify urban expansion for periods

dating from 1981 to 2002. The results show a massive urban expansion

and concentration of settlement near major roads and fertile lands in

these cities.

Basudha Chattopadhyay (2009) in her paper “Sustainable Urban

Development in India: Some Issues” discussed some important issues

relating to sustainable urban development and sustainable city with

special reference to India. Also discussion is made on the deficiency in

basic urban services in India and its management for sustainable urban

development.

5.3 Database and Methodology

The dynamics of urban landuse are studied by both primary and

secondary datasets. The historical maps, Regional Planning Reports,

Survey of India toposheets, Satellite Images (IRS and Landsat), records

from Municipal Corporation, Census data, Socio-economic statistics,

several published reports, etc. are used to complete this study. Frequent

field visits observations and number of informal interviews is conducted

to gather primary data. The GPS is used for data collection, verification

and mapping purpose.

Chapter-V


The historical (spatio-temporal) growth of Sangli-Miraj city from

1800 to 2006 time period is checked by applying overlay analysis. Using

base maps the city growth is vectorized and to understand the growth

direction these are overlaid on each other. The growth in between 1971

to 2006 is checked by using satellite data. The CA_Markov analysis is

carried out to understand the pattern of urban expansion.

The demographic aspects of urban centres are explained by

traditional statistical methods. The morphology of urban centres is tested

with the help of field visit and empirical technique. The ward level

functional classification is carried out because the function of an area is

associated with the landuse pattern. The landuse mapping is completed

by using satellite images, old master plans of the city, available

documents and field visits.

The study of urban amenities and infrastructure is fulfilled by

employing census data and high resolution satellite images. The web

sources like Google Earth, Open Street Maps and other mapping sites are

utilized to map out the status of amenities and infrastructural

development. The discussion on some important urban problems is made

in the end part of this chapter. Considering the present scenario, the

assumptions are made in the form of proposed urban development of

Miraj tahsil. In this task the use of buffer analysis and proximity analysis

is made.

Following are the formulas used in for the calculations and acquire

desired results.

Decadal Growth rate = Population of present decadal year – Population of

previous decadal year

Decadal Growth rate Decadal Growth Rate % = ----------------------------------------- * 100

Population of present decadal year

Female Population

Sex Ratio = ---------------------- * 1000

Male Population

Population of present decadal year Household Size = ----------------------------------------

Total Houses

Chapter-V


To perform functional classification of city various methods are

available out of which empirical method is used in this study. The

functional classification of wards is conducted by field observations,

informal interviews and applying high resolution satellite images.

The techniques and methods of applying satellite imageries as data

sources are effective for land use classification and change detection

study. The classified satellite images are utilized to check the spatio-

temporal analysis of built-up area. The location of change is determined

by overlaying two layers on each other. The proposed landuse is

estimated by using the techniques available in IDRISI image processing

software. The further details of the used data and methodology are

discussed in the chapter as it comes. In general, this study is carried out

by applying various techniques together.

5.4 Urban Centres in Miraj Tahsil

As discussion made in the previous chapters Miraj tahsil is most

urbanized tahsil of Sangli district. It contains one and only Municipal

Corporation (Sangli-Miraj-Kupwad Municipal Corporation) in the district

and two census towns (Madhavnagar and Budhgaon).

5.4.1 Sangli-Miraj-Kupwad Municipal Corporation

Sangli and Miraj cities are having long historical background,

whereas Kupwad is recently developed town. There were three individual

municipalities (i.e. Sangli, Miraj and Kupwad) functioning in close

proximity, which clubbed together and formed Municipal Corporation in

1999. There are total 69 wards in SMKMC, wherein Sangli city contains

38 wards, in Miraj there are total 24 wards and Kupwad is having seven

wards. There are total four prabhag‟s in SMKMC (Fig.5.1). Prabhag are

the administrative divisions formed by clubbing many wards together.

5.4.2 Madhavnagar

Madhavnagar is a habitat located in the northern part of Sangli.

This settlement is encouraging and supporting the industrial sector. In

Chapter-V


fact this was the preliminary industrial sector in the tahsil. In 1971, this

village is declared as census town that time it was having total 8853

population.

5.4.3 Budhgaon

Village Budhgaon is located in the northern part of Madhavnagar.

In 2001 census it is declared as census town. This village is also having

long historical background i.e. it was one of the separate sansthan

functioning closer to Sangli. As per 2001 census, it is having total 14728

populations, distributed in six wards.

Budhgaon

Sangli

Miraj

Kupwad Sangliwadi

8

5

1

4

3

9

7

18

26

16

14

6

12

38

69

2

10

22 25

53

11

36

24

39

37

13

61

23

63

27

40

43

2151

28

41

52

33

66

42

19

29

15

17 49

32

48 50

20

46

54

62

31

6445

47

44

30

583435

555956

6568

60

Prabhag-3

Prabhag-4

Prabhag-1

Prabhag-2

Wanleswadi

Madhavnagar

I

V

III

VI

II

IV

74°40'0"E

74°40'0"E

74°37'30"E

74°37'30"E

74°35'0"E

74°35'0"E

74°32'30"E

74°32'30"E

16°55'0"N 16°55'0"N

16°52'30"N 16°52'30"N

16°50'0"N 16°50'0"N

16°47'30"N 16°47'30"N

Miraj TehsilUrban Centres

0 3 61.5km

µ

Scale

Legend

SMKMC Prabhag

SMKMC Wards

Madhavnagar

Budhgaon

River

Fig.5.1

8

5

1

4

3

9

7

18

26

16

14

6

12

38

69

2

10

2225

53

11

36

24

39

37

13

61

23

63

27

40

43

21

51

28

41

15

52

33

66

42

1917

29

49

32

4850

20

46

54

62

31

64

45

47

44

30

58

3435

55

59

57

65

68

60

67

56

74°40'0"E

74°40'0"E

74°37'30"E

74°37'30"E

74°35'0"E

74°35'0"E

74°32'30"E

74°32'30"E

16°52'30"N 16°52'30"N

16°50'0"N 16°50'0"N

16°47'30"N 16°47'30"N

Sangli-Miraj-Kupwad Municipal Corporation

Municipal Wards

0 4 82km

.

Scale

Legend

River

SMK Wards

8

5

1

4

3

9

7

18

26

16

14

6

12

38

69

2

10

2225

53

11

36

24

39

37

13

61

23

63

27

40

43

21

51

28

41

15

52

33

66

42

1917

29

49

32

4850

20

46

54

62

31

64

45

47

44

30

58

3435

55

59

57

65

68

60

67

56

74°40'0"E

74°40'0"E

74°37'30"E

74°37'30"E

74°35'0"E

74°35'0"E

74°32'30"E

74°32'30"E

16°52'30"N 16°52'30"N

16°50'0"N 16°50'0"N

16°47'30"N 16°47'30"N

Sangli-Miraj-Kupwad Municipal Corporation

Municipal Wards

0 4 82km

.

Scale

Legend

River

SMK Wards

Miraj Tahsil

Urban Centres

Chapter-V


5.5 Historical Development of Sangli – Miraj

Urban growth is a complex and continuous process noticed all over

the world. The cycle of converting the small villages into towns and towns

turning to cities can be noticed all over the world. Sangli–Miraj cities are

known as the twin cities in the western Maharashtra. Initially both were

different towns but, after 1990s both are expanded very fast and covered

many adjacent villages. This new formed urban agglomeration is known

as Sangli-Miraj-Kupwad urban agglomeration. The base of today is

actually started many years back in the past and the present process will

control the upcoming future. In other words, the present landuse is

developed on the past foot prints and today‟s landuse is creating the base

for future development. Therefore, it is very much essential to

understand the history of spatio-temporal expansion of Sangli-Miraj

area. Remote sensing and GIS technology seem to be a proper and

effective tool to understand the phenomenon as well as for future

planning.

5.5.1 Spatio-temporal Growth of Sangli-Miraj Area

The spatio-temporal growth of Sangli - Miraj area is studied by

various time periods.

5.5.1.1 Sangli

„Sangli‟ was one of the 11-gun salute princely states of British

India, under the Kolhapur-Dekkan Residency in the Bombay Presidency,

and later the Deccan States Agency. Until 1801, Sangli was included in

Miraj Jahagir („Jagir’ was a small territory granted by the ruler to an

army chieftain). The First Chintamanrao Appasaheb Patwardhan

established a different principality with Sangli as the capital (Wikipedia,

2010). That time village Sangli was restricted into six lanes („Saha Galli‟

in Marathi). In the beginning habitation was restricted within Krishna

River - Maruti temple – Sheri nala.

Chapter-V


The construction of „Ganesh Drug‟ was done in 1813. The open

area of the village was developed by rectangular pattern. Sangli

Municipality was established on 21st February 1876. The real growth of

Sangli started after 1900 when various constructions were took place in

and around the town, such as

1913 : Sangli – Miraj metre gauge railway started

1919 : Construction of Willingdon College is completed

1929 : Irwin Bridge is constructed

1937 : Jubilee Electricity Works started functioning (Urban Planning

Report, 1971).

These Spatial determinants have contributed to the growth of

Sangli city. After independence many government offices, local boards,

District Police headquarters, Treasury, etc. came into existence and

'Sangli‟ became the district headquarters.

Fig.5.2 Expansion of Sangli 1800-2007

S

N

EW

Sangli( 1800 - 2007 )

Scale

Legend

km

Sangli Limit

River Krishna

Expansion of Sangli

1975 - 2007

1950 - 1975

1900 - 1950

1800 -1900

Till - 1800

1 0 1 2

Chapter-V


Untill 1950 Sangli expanded towards North but due to „Sheri Nala‟

growth was restricted with, which the expansion took place in East and

North-East direction. Due to establishment of Market Yard, Sangli

became major commercial place in the Maharashtra- Karnataka border

area. The growth of the city has begun with the establishment of Sugar

Factory, Cotton Mill, Industrial Estate, etc. The emergence of

Chintamanrao College, Police Headquarters and Vishrambag colony

further boosted its growth and expansion. In 1970-71 Sangli was

connected with broad gauge railway. After 1975, Police line, Irrigation

department offices, Warnali, Vishrambag surrounding area, etc. came

into existence.

The rapid expansion of Sangli was noticed after 2000 when city

started spreading in all the directions with which many unplanned

habitats known as „Gunthewari‟, were emerged. (Gunthewari is an

unplanned and unauthorized residential dwellings developed in urban

areas.) The settlement patches such as Shamrao Nagar, Datta Nagar,

Sainath Nagar along Karnal road, Shiv Nagar, along 100 feet ring road,

etc. were emerged very fast. Towards Kupwad suburban areas like Laxmi

Nagar, Balaji Nagar, etc. came into existence. In a very short period

several constructions took place as the space availability in and around

the city.

5.5.1.2 Sangliwadi

Sangliwadi is a suburb of Sangli city. Initially this habitat was

known as „Gauliwada‟ (Habitat of Milkmen) and located on Sangli-

Islampur road near Laxmi temple but, due to the flood occurred in 1853

it was shifted near Sangli and known as Sangliwadi. (Deshmukh and

Kulkarni, 1978). The Irwin Bridge was constructed on the Krishna River

in 1929, since then rapid transaction has started between Sangli and

Sangliwadi. The road connecting Sangli and NH4 is passing through this

habitat, which promotes the expansion of city towards Westward. Now

Chapter-V


Sangliwadi is one of the parts of existing urban agglomeration i.e. Sangli-

Miraj-Kupwad Municipal Corporation.

5.5.1.3 Miraj

Miraj is an ancient town of which the footprints may be seen in

13th century. It was one of the important military camps on the bank of

Krishna River. Until 1800 A.D. the growth of this town was restricted

within Miraj fort and around Mirasaheb Dargah. Afterwards Jumma

Masjid, Black Masjid, old gaothan, etc. were developed. The population of

this town in 1762 was around 50,000 (Sangli District Gazetteer, 2006).

Fig.5.3 Expansion of Miraj 1800-2007

During 1800 to 1900 various public constructions like Krishna

Gath, Temples and Dharmshala took place in Miraj. In December 1807

S

N

EW

Miraj( 1800 - 2007 )

Scale

Legend

km

Miraj Limit

Streams

Expansion of Miraj

1975 - 2007

1950 - 1975

1900 - 1950

1800 - 1900

Till - 1800

1 0 1 2

Chapter-V


Miraj-Belgaon metre gauge railway was started after that Miraj-Pune

broad gauge (1890), Miraj-Latur narrow gauge (1927) as a result Miraj

became one of the important junctions. Miraj Municipality was

established in 1875. During 1875 to 1881 Kalayan Market, Mutton

Market, Post Offices, Town Hall and many schools were constructed. The

establishment of Mission Hospital (1891) accelerated the growth of town

along Pandharpur road. The spread of Miraj took place haphazardly like

a leap frog urban development.

The Marathe textile Mill (1943), „Miraj Milk Collection and

Processing Centre‟ (1961), Miraj Medical College (1963), Arts commerce &

Science College (Bapuji Saluknke), etc; were established due to that

Sanjay Nagar, Adarsh colony, etc. habitats were emerged around Miraj.

„KOCIL‟ (1968), which was a fertilizer factory was boosted the expansion

of Miraj towards Sangli as a result Shivaji Nagar and surrounding area

emerged. In 1970-72 Miraj Glass Work started on Miraj-Bedag road but

the town was not developed towards East and Southern directions due to

the good agricultural land and railway tracks.

After 2000 encroachment taken place to the agricultural land and

formed new gunthewari areas. Many patches of dwellings are developed

along the Pandharpur, Kupwad and Malgaon roads. Miraj is famous for

its medical services, hence, numbers of hospitals, medical-stores,

laboratories are established all over the town wherever the space was

available. New suburbs like Vijay Nagar, Khatib Nagar, Laxmi Nagar,

Vidyanagar, Vitthal Nagar and Datta Nagar, etc. came into existence.

5.5.1.4 Kupwad

Kupwad was a small village located in the north-eastern part of

triangular position from Sangli and Miraj. The habitat area of the village

was small but its revenue territory was so large. Its boundary is sharing

with both Sangli and Miraj. Up to 1970 Kupwad was not having any

major existence but after 1974, M.I.D.C. (Maharashtra Industrial

Chapter-V


Development Corporation) acquired land on eastern side of village and

since then Kupwad has been changing. Initially Kupwad was restricted

into gaothan (Initial habitat of an area), but due to the establishment of

Bharat Sut Girani (Textile Mill) in 1972-73 it starts spreading towards

Sangli. Due to the adjacent M.I.D.C. zone many employees stay in and

around Kupwad.

There are many

residential patches

developed around

Kupwad like Yashwant

Nagar, Vasant Nagar,

Ahilya Nagar, Sham

Nagar, Ulhas Nagar,

etc. These are the

suburban areas of

Kupwad but having

their own identity and

importance. In 1996

Kupwad and its

suburban areas

merged together and

formed Kupwad

Municipality. Recently

emerged settlements

like Hanuman Nagar,

Kapase Plot, Bajrang Nagar, Shant Colony, Khare Mala, etc. are filled the

gaps between these urban centers. Sangli, Miraj and Kupwad

Municipalities were functioning in a close proximity considering this

development and proximity of this urban agglomeration, Government of

Maharashtra merged all these three Municipal towns into one and

formed Sangli-Miraj-Kupwad Municipal Corporation in 1999.

S

N

EWKupwad( 1900 - 2007 )

Legend

Scalekm

Kupwad Limit

Expansion of Kupwad

1975 - 2007

1950 - 1975

1900 - 1950

1800 - 1900

0.5 0 0.5 1

Fig.5.4 Expansion of Kupwad 1900-2007

Chapter-V


5.5.1.5 Wanlesswadi Initially Wanlesswadi was a part of Kupwad, which was emerged

due to Wanless Chest Hospital started in that area. After 2000 this area

was developed very fast and many transformations took place in this

area. By considering the growth and location, in 2002 Wanlesswadi is

merged into SMK Municipal Corporation.

5.5.2 The Growth Direction and its Trend

Landscapes are always changing, as they are the expression of the

constant interaction between natural and cultural forces in the

environment. During 1950 the growth of Sangli and Miraj was in

binuclear direction. During 1970s Sangli started spreading in North and

North-East direction towards Madhavnagar and Kupwad. Miraj has also

been expanding towards Sangli along Sangli-Miraj road. Fig5.5 depicts

the growth direction and its trends for Sangli-Miraj urban areas.

Source: Urban Planning Report of Sangli (1971-75)

Fig.5.5 Growth Direction of Sangli - Miraj Urban Areas

'

'

N

EW

S

Sangli - Miraj( Till - 1800 )

Legend

Scale

Sangli - Miraj Water Body'

3 0 3km

'

'

'

'

Miraj

SangliKupwad

Sangliwadi

N

EW

S

Sangli - Miraj( 1800 - 1900)

Scale

Legend

km

'

2 0 2

Sangli MirajWater Body

'

'

'

'

'

'

Miraj

Sangli

Kupwad

Sangliwadi

Madhavnagar N

EW

S

Sangli - Miraj( 1950 )

Legend

Scalekm

Sangli - Miraj

Water-body'

2 0 2

#

#

#

#

#

Miraj

Sangli

Kupwad

Sangliwadi

Madhavnagar

N

EW

S

Sangli - Miraj - Madhavnagar( 1975 )

Scale

Legend

km

Sangli-Miraj-Madhavnagar-Kupwad

Water-body#

2 0 2 4

Chapter-V


Fig.5.5 Growth Direction of Sangli - Miraj Urban Areas

After 2000 various suburban centres like Wanlesswadi,

Sangliwadi, Vishrambag, etc. developed so fast and the growth became

multi-nuclei. The spatio-temporal pattern of growth of the city is

discussed at the very outset. Figure-5.5 depicts the growth direction and

expansion of Sangli and Miraj region throughout last 200 years

5.6 Employment Characteristics

Landuse is a function of natural, political, socio-economic and

technological variables. Changes in landscapes arise from technological

innovations, as well as from socio-economic and political developments

(Rounsevell et al, 2003; Stoate et al. 2001). In other words the changing

scenario of a city is outcome of multi-dimensional aspects including

economic and socio-cultural factors. Economic development and

population growth have triggered rapid changes in landcover over and

N Sangli-Miraj-Kupwad( 1800 - 2007 )

Legend

Scalekm

'

'

'

'

'

Miraj

Sangli

KupwadSangliwadi

Madhavnagar

Sangli-Miraj-Kupwad Corporation Limit

Sangli-Miraj-Kupwad-Madhavnagar 1975-2007Sangli-Miraj-Kupwad-Madhavnagar 1950-1975

Sangli-Miraj 1900-1950

Sangli-Miraj 1800-1900

Sangli-Miraj Till 1800

Water Body

2 0 2 4 6

Expansion of Sangli-Miraj-Kupwad-Madhavnagar

Chapter-V


there is every indication that the pace of these changes will accelerate in

the future. Therefore, it is essential to understand the employment

structure. The employment characteristics particularly the work centres

and distribution of employment in SMKMC area are discussed below in

short.

5.6.1 Work Centres

The major areas in Sangli, which act as the formal and informal

work centres are Harbhat road, Vasantdata market yard area,

Vakharbagh, Peth bhag vicinity, Shivaji Vegetable market, Rajwada

chowk, Vasantdata Industrial area, Maruti Mandir Road, ST Stand

locality, Vegetable and Fruit market in Peth Bhag, Timber market,

Chandani chowk weekly market, etc.

In Miraj the areas like ST stand road, Marathe Industrial Estate,

Laxmi market, area along Shaniwar peth road, Timber market area in

Miraj, weekly market at Datta chowk, Shastri chowk and Miraj MIDC

works as formal and informal work centers for Miraj. Also the hospitals

functioning in Miraj are act as significant work centers. In Kupwad there

is no major work centre. Only Bharat Sut Girni was only exception,

which is not functioning since last many years. Some patches of informal

work centers are existed along the Sangli-Kupwad road. But adjacent

Kupwad MIDC works as major work centre for residents of Kupwad.

5.6.2 Distribution of Employment in Various Sectors

The distribution of employment in formal in informal sector is

studied with the help of municipal documents, census data and other

records. The formal sectors comprises employment in industrial, bank,

health, vegetable and fruit market, market yard, etc. Though there are

various informal sectors only Khokhas and Rickshaw derivers are

considered here.

Chapter-V


5.6.2.1 Industrial Sector

The MIDC area in SMKMC is spread in 166 hectare and occupied

501 plots. The area of each plot is varies from 500 to 4800 sq m. In this

sector about 262 units are working mainly in the field of engineering

industries. This place is providing jobs for about 2620 employees.

Marathe Industrial Estate is another employment sector mainly engaged

in engineering units provides job for about 360 employees. This

industrial estate was considered as pioneer in the field of industrial

sector. Vasantdata cooperative sugar mill is the distinction of being the

largest in Asia, employs about 1500 workers. In past few years it was not

functioning smoothly due to several reasons but now again it is restarted

and gaining its old position. Vasantdata industrial estate is containing

98 industries in which about 980 employees are working.

Kupwad industrial area (Kupwad MIDC) is not coming under

SMKMC limit but it is located in close vicinity of Kupwad and main

source of employment for the people of adjacent areas. There are total

372 units, out of which 363 are in working condition employing about

3630 workers. This sector includes various types of industries such as

engineering, chemical, fabrication, fertilizers, food and bakery,

foundry/casing, hospital equipments, cold storage, poultry, textile, etc.

Overall the industrial sector is providing jobs for ten thousand

employees.

5.6.2.2 Employment in Other Formal Sectors (Bank, Education, Health,

Markets, etc.)

There are about 137 banks within SMKMC limit employ about

2000 employees. In case of education sector there are 162 primary

schools, 60 High schools and 29 colleges are functioning in SMKMC

limit. These institutes are having about 3000, 2200 and 1600 employees

respectively. In Health sector, total numbers of medical facilities in

SMKMC area are about 348 out of which 163 are having beds facilities

Chapter-V


and providing job for about 5000 persons. In Vasantdata market yard,

there are total 825 merchants, 750 commission agent, 400 diwanji

(clerk), 1117 hamaal, 62 bullackcart workers, 16 brokers and 124 weigh

men. In this premises 13 banks are functioning with 195 employees.

Hence as a total there are 3489 employees engaged in various kinds of

tasks.

Vishnuanna Patil Vegetable and Fruit market is another place of

employment. The quantity of vegetables and fruits that come in

Vishnuanna Patil market is 57000 quintals/month. The transactions of

Rs 11 lakhs/day take place which becomes about Rs 3.3 crores/month.

There are total 84 owners along with 84 diwanji, 23 tolaidar, 43 hamaal,

36 market staff and 10 restaurant workers. The bank functioning in this

premise is having 6 employees. Through out the week (Monday to

Sunday) at least one or more place of SMKMC is having weekly market.

The weekly markets functioning in city area have engaged about 11500

vegetable sellers (4500 in Sangli and 7000 in Miraj).

The total

number of

traders in

SMKMC is

10750 and per

shop there are

two persons

engaged per

shop hence

there are about 21500 employees engaged in this sector. The details of

retail traders is given in Table5.1

5.6.2.3 Employment in Informal Sector

Around 9100 workers are employed in informal sector, which

includes Khokhas and Rickshaw derivers. The total number of Auto

Table 5.1 Number of Retail Traders in SMKMC area

Sr. No

Type of Trade Approx. Number

Sr. No

Type of Trade Approx. Number

1 Kirana 5000 7 Jewelers 100

2 Stationary 1000 8 Book Stall 150

3 Cloth 1000 9 Cyber Café 75

4 Ready-made 800 10 Computer Institutes 25

5 Shoes 300 11 STD Booth 200

6 Electronics 100 12 Others 2000

Source: SMKMC Municipal Records (2006)

Chapter-V


Rickshaw as per auto driver association is about 2700 and in 7000

khokhas about 8400 persons are working.

5.6.2.5 Distribution of Workers

The municipal records depicts that, about 24% of the work force is

engaged in trade and commerce followed by Manufacturing, Processing,

Service and Repairs done other than household industry (21%) and other

service sector (21%). This indicates that more than half of the work force

belongs to tertiary sector and the major occupation of the people in

SMKMC area is trade and commerce. A very small percentage of

population is engaged in agriculture particularly in Sangliwadi and outer

areas of Sangli, Miraj and Kupwad. About 10% of work force in SMKMC

area is agriculture based but in Kupwad, about one fourth of the work

force is in agriculture.

5.7 Demographic Dimensions

As per the changing population the spatial dimension of city is also

changes. The prime factors of increasing spatial dimension of the city are

the population growth and related requirements of urban life, such as

development of transport and communication and others infrastructure

facilities (Acharya and Nangia, 2004). The general demographic

information of urban area is discussed in Chapter-II. This section deals

with some minute details of demographic aspects of urban centres for

the period of 1971 to 2001. Table-5.2 depicts some facts of urban centers

in Miraj tahsil. It is useful for the comparative analysis as well as to

understand the changes occurred in the region.

Figure-5.6 shows the decadal population change in the urban

centers of Miraj tahsil. There is constant rise in the population of Miraj

whereas in case of Sangli there is rapid rise (74121 people) within 1981

to 1991 but for period 1991 to 2001 there is very negligible (5596 person)

rise.

Chapter-V


Comparatively after 1981 Kupwad has expanded very fast, whereas

there are not many changes in Madhavnagar. In 1971 the population of

Madhavnagar was 8853 which reaches to 10993 in 2001 where as

Kupwad was having 9351 people in 1971 which becomes 59308 in 2001.

Table 5.2 Demographic Facts of Urban Centres

Sangli

Year Population Male Female

Sex Ratio per

1000 Male

Decadal Growth

Decadal Growth Rate %

House-hold

House-hold Size

Area in sq km

Density / sq km

1971 115138 61485 53653 873 - - 21790 5.28 42.5 2709

1981 152389 79957 72432 906 41300 55.93 28617 5.33 42.5 3586

1991 226510 117823 108687 922 37251 32.35 37726 6.00 42.5 4546

2001 232106 119076 113030 949 74121 48.64 47632 4.87 42.5 5461

Miraj

Year Population Male Female Sex

Ratio Decadal Growth


House-hold

House-hold Size

Area in sq km

Density / sq km

1971 77606 40266 37340 927 - - 13552 5.73 42.68 1818

1981 105455 54534 50921 934 24261 45.48 18259 5.78 42.68 2471

1991 125407 64415 60992 947 27849 35.89 24294 5.16 42.68 2938

2001 145367 74345 71022 955 19952 18.92 27716 5.24 42.68 3406

Kupwad




House-hold

House-hold Size

Area in sq km

Density / sq km

1971 9351 5236 4115 786 - - 1550 6.03 20.63 453

1981 13255 7240 6015 831 3904 29.45 2724 4.87 20.63 643

1991 37127 21509 17491 813 23872 64.3 7810 4.75 20.63 1800

2001 59308 30879 28429 921 22181 37.4 12767 4.65 20.63 2875

Madhavnagar




House-hold

House-hold Size

Area in sq km

Density / sq km

1971 8853 4836 4017 831 - - 1821 4.86 2.59 3418

1981 11144 6005 5139 856 2291 20.56 2249 4.96 2.59 4303

1991 11834 6230 5604 900 690 5.83 2350 5.04 2.59 4569

2001 10993 5658 5335 943 -841 -7.65 2350 4.68 2.59 4244

Budhgaon




House-hold

House-hold Size

Area in sq km

Density / sq km

1971 8701 4536 4165 918 - - 1443 6 10.7 813

1981 10473 5462 5011 917 1772 16.92 1907 5.50 10.7 979

1991 13041 7027 6014 856 2568 19.69 2544 5.13 10.7 1219

2001 14728 7805 6923 887 1687 11.45 2933 5.02 10.7 1376

Source: Complied from District Census Handbook, CD and Regional Planning Report.

Chapter-V


The rapid rise in population of Kupwad shows the expansion and

development occurred in and around Kupwad. There is decrease in the

population of Madhavnagar i.e. in 1991 it was 11834 which becomes

10993 in 2001 and the growth rate is in negative (-7.65). Although

Budhgaon is considered as one of the centres there is no much change in

its population because, there is absence of major spatial determinants to

create changes. Only some minor transformations are occurred due to

the existence of Vasantdada Patil Engineering College.

The total area of Madhavnagar is very small hence there is no

scope for expansion and Sangli is already occupied huge area hence the

population growth rate in this area is low. An opposite Kupwad and Miraj

area is having huge potential area for the expansion so the growth rate is

high. Since Budhgaon is quite away from Sangli and Miraj the scope for

its expansion is low. The location of proposed (Old) Airport could support

to the development of Budhgaon, but this possibility also seems rare.

Because there is plan to build the Airport in the western side of Sangli in

the saline waste land. The farmers are agreed to give their land for built

Population Growth

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

Sangli Miraj Kupwad Madhavnagar BudhgaonLocation

Po

pu

lati

on

1971

1981

1991

2001

Fig.5.6 Population Growth of Urban Centres in Miraj Tahsil

Chapter-V


new Airport and preliminary survey is also completed (Pudari, 5-March

2009). Therefore, if Airport is shifted to new place then in future also

there is no scope for the expansion and development of Budhgaon and

adjacent area.

The regional planners have predicted the population of urban

centres during 1970s. As per their assumptions, the population of

Madhavnagar in 2001 will be 35,375 persons, Miraj (3,10,122), Sangli

(4,60,102), Kupwad (15,452) and Budhgaon (14,377). Also estimation is

made that village Savali will be one of the urban centre with the

population of 2057. But in reality, the made assumptions and the actual

population figures as per 2001 census are quite different. In 2001 Sangli

is having total population 2,32,106, Miraj (1,45,367), Kupwad (59,308),

Madhavnagar (10,993) and Budhgaon (14,728). Most of the predictions

are failed i.e. in case of Sangli and Miraj superfluous predictions are

made but in reality only half of the estimation is taken place. Whereas in

case of Kupwad the difference is of 43856 persons i.e. the population

becomes triple than expectations. In case of Madhavnagar the difference

is of 24382 persons i.e. about double population expansion was expected

which was not happen in reality. It shows that Kupwad is expanded more

than expectations and Madhavnagar is not at all expanded as per the

estimation. The population of village Budhgaon is increased as per

expectations in fact this is the only assumption which is near about

accurate. Even village Savali is also expanded very fast i.e. double than

the estimation and its major reason is neighboring Kupwad industrial

area, but at present it is not a part of urban centre. One of the main

reasons for the failure of population estimations of Sangli and Miraj is,

rapidly increasing urban sprawls adjacent to urban centres. There are

many urban sprawls developed around Sangli and Miraj and peoples are

preferred it for the residence. The education, awareness in the society,

ever rising expenses, living cost, market inflations, etc. are the additional

causes for controlling the rapid population growth.

Chapter-V


5.7.1 Population Density of Urban Centres

The population density of urban centres is mapped using 2001

census data (Fig.5.7). Only some wards in the hart of Sangli and Miraj

city are having high density. In Sangli there are three wards coming

under very high range i.e. above 45001 where as in Miraj there are eight

wards in same category. Ward number 65, 67 and 68 of Sangli are of

very high density areas whereas in Miraj ward no. 34, 35, 55, 56, 57, 58,

59 and 60 are of same class. Among these wards except ward number 58

in Miraj which is having two functions i.e. residential and commercial

rest all wards are having only single function i.e. residential. The

functional classification and population density of wards are correlates

each other. All outer marginal wards of urban centres are of very low

density areas i.e. below 5000 population

Sangli

Miraj

Kupwad

Madhavnagar

Budhgaon

N Urabn CentresPopulation Density

5 0 5 km

Legend

Scale

Density

Below 5000

5001 - 15000

15001 - 30000

30001 - 45000

Above 45001

Ward Limit

River

Urabn Centres

Urabn Centre Limit

Urabn Limit

Fig.5.7 Population density Map of Urban Centres in Miraj Tahsil

Chapter-V


5.8 Morphological Units of the Urban Centres & Functional Classification

The spatial internal structure of city is the product of competitive

interaction between its people, market facilities, transport and

communication agencies, types of functions performed, etc. in the city

(Kurni, 2008). The functional zones of a city are subject to socio-cultural

and physical influences. The influence of function along with socio-

economic structure help in the formation of land use pattern. In the

process of understanding spatial characteristics of an urban centre a

functional reference is playing vital role. The preparation and

interpretation of land use map is a major part of urban analysis which is

having close relationship with the functional character of the city. Here

on the basis of different functions, the analysis of internal spatial

structure of urban centres is made. Fig.5.8, 10, 11 exhibits the ward

wise functions with their sequence (Down to Up) by majority and total

counts for the urban centres. The area has been classified into nine

functional zones namely Residential (R), Agriculture (A), Commercial (C),

Industrial (I), Undeveloped Residential (U), Waste Land (W),

Transportation and Communication (T), Public and Semi-Public (P), Park

and Grounds (G).

Fig.5.8 shows the functional classification of wards in Sangli,

number of functions in each wards and its order of preference e.g. ward

Fu

nc

tio

ns

►

P A

W U U W R W G W G T

R R A A U U R R R R C U U P

A I R R A A R A R A C C R R R C R R

Wards ► 1 2 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 39 40 41

R P R R

C C R R P C R A U R P

R P R R P C C C G C R R T R C R R P R R

42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68

Fig.5.8 Functional Classification of Sangli

Chapter-V


no.1 is comprise of four functions in which Agriculture is the major

activity followed by Residence, Waste Land is the third major function of

this ward and Public and Semi-Public activities is the last function. Out

of 36 wards of Sangli, ward no one and twenty one is having maximum

functions i.e. four functions. There are thirteen wards having only one

function, eleven wards are of two functions and twelve wards consist of

three functions.

For the understanding the spatial pattern in better way it is

mapped using ward maps (Fig.5.9). The legend of map shows the ward

wise functional classification of urban centres. The peripheral wards (e.g.

no: 5,6,7,8 of Miraj and no: 1, 12, 14, 6, 18 from Sangli, all wards of

Budhgaon) having agriculture as main or subsidiary function.

A

A-R

A-R

A-R

A-R-W

A-R

U-R-A

I-U-R

A-R-U

A-R-W-P

A-T-P-R

A-U-R A-R-U

R-A-P

A-R

R-U-P

I-R

R-C-A

P-R-A

P-I

P

R

A-R

R

R-P

R-U

R

R-U-G R-U

A-R

T-R

R

R-U-I

R-U

R C-P-T

P

P

R

C-P RR

A-R-W

R

R-A

R-A-UR-U-W

R

T-P-R-G

C-R

R

A-R

RR

RR

R

R

R-U

R-C-W-A

C-RR

R

C-R

R

C-R-G

R

C-P-R

R

RR-C

C-R-PC-R

G-R-C

R-C

P-C-R

·

Functional Index

G-R-C

I-R

I-U-R

P

P-C-R

P-I

P-R-A

R

R-A

R-A-P

R-A-U

C-R-P

R-C-W-A

R-P

R-U

R-U-G

R-U-I

R-U-P

R-U-W

T-P-R-G

T-R

U-R-A

R-C

R-C-A

A

A-R

A-R-U

A-R-W

A-R-W-P

A-T-P-R

A-U-R

C-P

C-P-R

C-P-T

C-R

C-R-G

Legend

0 1 2 3 40.5km

Scale

(Functional Classification)

Urban Centres

Fig.5.9

Chapter-V


In case of Miraj the functional classification is given in Fig 5.10.

Most of its wards

(12) are having

residential as main

function. Only two

wards i.e. no 9 and

36 is having four

major functions,

ward no twenty six

is having three

functions and rest all are of two functional wards.

Kupwad town is having only seven wards and all are of multiple

functions i.e. only one ward is of two functions and rest all are of three

functions. Agriculture, Residence and undeveloped residential are the

major functions of Kupwad. Madhavnagar is comprised of three main

functions i.e. residential, commercial and agriculture. Budhgaon is

containing six wards out of that five contains two functions i.e.

agriculture and residence. The exception is ward no four is comprised of

three functions i.e. agriculture, residential and waste land.

5.9 Testing of Urban Landuse Model for Sangli

There are different models proposed by various scholars like Von

Thunen, Coleman (Urban LU Model), Burgess (Concentric Zone), R.M.

Hurd & Homer Hoyt (Sector Theory), Meckenzi (Multiple Nuclei), Colby

(Dynamic Theory), Harries and Ullman (Multiple Nuclei) etc. Sector

Fu

nc

tio

ns

►

R

P R

R R R T U U

A A A A A I R R R R

Wards ► 5 6 7 8 9 26 27 28 29 30

G

R

R P I C

R C P R R T P R R R R R R R

31 32 33 34 35 36 37 54 55 56 57 58 59 60

Fig.5.10 Functional Classification of Miraj

Fu

nc

tio

ns

►

U A A I P P A W

R R R U U A U C R P R R R R

A U P R R R R R A R A A A A

Wards ► 3 4 10 24 25 38 69 1 1 2 3 4 5 6

Kupwad Madhavnagar Budhgaon

Fig.5.11 Functional Classification of Kupwad, Madhavnagar and Budhgaon

Chapter-V


theory (1939) and Multiple Nuclei (1945) both are the modifications of

Burgess‟s model (1923). As far as the real world situations is concerned

not even a single concepts is directly applicable to the Indian cities. In

fact Indian cities are having a long history of their growth and evolution

and it is complex mosaic of the old and new urban development (Mandal,

2000). The hypothetical pattern of landuse was postulated by Meckenzi

in 1933 and developed by Harris and Ullman in 1945. As per this theory

the landuse pattern of any city is not concentrating around single point

rather developed around several discrete locations. The concentration of

landuse patterns around various nuclei gives the city a cellular

structure. This concept is helpful to explain the structure of Indian cities

in some extent (Mandal, 2000). Therefore, in this section an attempt has

been made to test the Multiple Nuclei Theory for Sangli city.

In Sangli several centres act like growth pole and development is

taken place accordingly. Fig5.12 illustrates the structural model of Sangli

which comprises nine individual aspects. The CBD of Sangli is fort and

surrounding area which fulfills all essential characteristics. The district

collector office, treasury, related government offices, judicial court,

prison, etc. are located in fort area. The Municipal Corporation offices,

banks like ICICI, SBI, Fire Brigade, etc are also concentrated in same

area. As per the model low income class residence and wholesale trading

is adjacent to the CBD. Ganpati peth is the initial wholesale market

located adjacent to CBD in the north-western direction. Also the low

income group residential areas are also existed in the adjoining vicinity of

CBD e.g. Badam chowk, mutton market, Nal Bhag and residential area

behind Ganpati peth, etc.

The highest area of city is used by middle class residence which is

located in the middle of CBD and high class residence. The areas like

Shivaji nagar, around civil hospital, 100ft ring road, Amrai and timber

market surrounding areas, etc are the middle class residential areas of

Sangli. There is existence of outer commercial area in between high and

Chapter-V


middle class residence i.e. zone of market yard. One additional low class

residential area is developed northern part of market yard. This came

into existence because of the workers working in market yard, timber

market and industries around Balaji mill are staying in this area.

A high-class residential district will normally locate at a distance

form a manufacturing district. In case of Sangli, Visharambag and

surrounding area is the high class residential area accomplishes all

characteristics as per standard model. The suburb of Sangli is developed

in northeastern direction outside the railway line towards Kupwad. The

areas of Abhay nagar, Sanjay Nagar, Arwade Park, Shinde mala, etc are

become part of residential suburb of Sangli.

The industrial sector of Sangli i.e. Vasantdada sugar factory, small

and medium

industries around

sugar factory, adjacent

industrial estate, etc

are situated far away

in the north-eastern

part. The industrial

suburb is also

developed in nearby

area i.e. the area

around Shanti Niketan

and settlement

opposite to sugar

factory (along

Madhavnagar road).

Up to some extent

Madhavnagar is also

considered as

4

8

5

6

7

9

3

3

9

1

3

32

¯Multiple Nuclei Model of Sangli

0 1 20.5 km

Scale

Legend

Krishna River

1-CBD

2-Wholesale Trading

3-Low Class Dwellers

4-Middle Class Dwellers

5-High Class Residences

6-Industrial Area

7-Outer Commercial Area

8-Residential Suburb

9-Industrial Suburb

Sangli-Limit

Krishna River

Fig.5.12

Chapter-V


industrial suburb of Sangli. In case of Sangli, the places like educational

campus of Walcahand and Willingdon college, Vasantdata Sugar factory

and adjacent Industrial estate, Market yard and Balaji Mill surrounding

industries, civil hospital surrounding etc. are acted as nuclei in the

development of city.

Though the Multiple Nuclei model is applicable to large cities, here

it is tested for small city like Sangli. Moreover the above discussion revels

that Sangli city is fit in the criteria of Multiple Nuclei Model. All most all

characteristics are placed as per the standards of the model and

development / structure of city is seems accordingly.

5.10 Urban Amenities and Infrastructure

In a city, land is being used for various purposes like residential,

commercial, industrial, public and semipublic, parks and open spaces,

etc. The landuse of town or city is interrelated with transformations in

demographic condition, morphological conditions along with amenities

and infrastructural development (K. L. Kammar, 1995). Generally the

transformations in a town can be measured in terms of population

growth and growth in number of houses, educational facilities, medical

facilities, banking activity, transportation services etc. The spatial

distribution of some important amenities and its mapping is carried out

here. This will be helpful to understand the association between

amenities and landuse pattern.

Overall, the concentrations of amenities are noticed in Sangli and

Miraj than the outskirts (Fig.5.13). The central part (hart areas) of both

cities contains versatile amenities but rest areas are lagging in it

particularly Kupwad, Madhavnagar and Budhgaon. Now days due to the

development occurred around Wanlesswadi, many facilities are gathered

in this locality. Vasantdata Patil engineering college located in Budhgaon

has brought few changes in the surrounding areas. In other words, many

small businesses, activities started in this locality leads to change in

Chapter-V


landuse as well as economic condition. More or less same condition can

be seen all over the places in the region.

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Legend

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ICICICIC ICICICIC ICICICIC

IC

ICIC

IC

ICIC

ICIC

GF

GF

8

5

1

4

3

9

7

18

26

16

70

14

6

12

38

69

76

2

10

22

74

25

53

71

11

36

24

39

37

13

75

61

23

63

73

27

40

43

2151

28

4115

33

66

42

19

29

72

5217 49

32

4850

20

46

54

62

31

6445

47

44

30

583435

5559

65


Miraj Tehsil

(2006)

¹0 1 2 30.5

km

Scale

Legend

GF Medical

IC Hospitals

"» School

Ji College

IH Library

J] Hostel

J® Ground Stadium

kj Garden-Park

¬ Cinema / Drama

J¬ Bank-ATM

Urban Wards

Miraj Tahsil


(2006)

Chapter-V


Table 5.3 Some important amenities and infrastructure in Urban Centres (1971-2001)

1971 1981 1991 2001

Category Name of Town Madhavnagar Miraj Sangli Madh. Miraj Sangli Madh. Miraj Sangli Madh SMK Urb. Agglom.

Total Population 8853 77606 115138 11144 105455 152389 11834 125407 226510 10993 436781

Road Length (km)

Pucca Road 7.5 46.18 81.35 7.5 43.24 94.17 7.5 53.55 169.41 7.5

Kachcha Road 15.5 2.84 69.45 15.5 7.03 76.09 15.5 98.14

System of Sewage OSD S/OSD S/OSD OSD S/OSD OSD OSD S/OSD

Number of Latrines

Water Borne - 530 1567 300 850 1567 625 2736 6450 1374 18739

Service 225 858 1692 225 858 1692 345 1260 2385 460 5245

Disposal Night Soil Method HL Tap T B/ST S/ST S/ST ST S/ST S ST B/HL/S/ST

Source of Supply Well SR SR T T T T T T T Well/SR/T

Fire Fighting Service Sangli Yes Yes Sangli Yes Yes Sangli Yes Yes Sangli Yes

Electrification (Number of

Connections)

Domestic 800 3650 6709 800 6200 10395 948 10420 17909 948 52860

Industrial 730 293 503 750 430 485 587 399 969 587 17650

Commercial 263 1381 2830 568 2390 5064 751 2835 6494 945 15840

Road Lighting (Points) 145 1791 2616 190 1900 2799 210 2755 4300 250 13750

Others 13 276 351 5 382 351 16 484 176 35 950

Medical Facilities

Hospital 13 1 15 9 17 13 2 58

Dispensary 6 32 8 6 33 16 6 24 16 10 146

Health Center 1 1 2 1 4 2 15

Family Planning Center 2 1 2 14 3 23

Nursing Home 8 4 7 6 5 1 20

Total Beds Count 790 189 820 205 12 2064 589 12 3985

Educational (Colleges for Degree and

Above)

Arts & Commerce 1 2 1 3 1 3 5

Commerce 1 2 2 2

Arts & Commerce 1 1 2 1 3

Arts, Commerce & Science 2 1 4 3 9 15

Law 1 1 1 1

Medical 1 1 2 2 4

Engineering 1 1 1 2

Polytechnics 1 1 1 1 4

Educational (Other)

Typewriting & Shorthand 9 17 13 20 10 20 35

Higher Secondary 1 6 14 1 6 20 1 6 21 1 27

Secondary, Matriculation 1 7 18 1 9 20 1 35

Junior College & High School 1 1 7 18 1 9 15 1 33

Primary School 4 28 45 4 34 56 6 40 66 7 129

Adult Literacy 2 6 15 8 5

Stadium 1 1 1 2 2 6

Cinema 3 6 1 5 9 1 6 10 2 20

Auditoria/Drama/Comm. Hall 1 2 1 3 5 9 29

Public Library/ Reading Room 2 1 1 1 3 2 1 4 5 1 25

Bank & Credit Societies

Number of Banks 3 8 16 4 19 39 7 23 45 8 82

Agri. Credit Society 1 2 5 55 1 7 65 2 82

Non-Agri. Credit Society 2 7 39 2 16 61 2 21 98 2 149

Source: Complied from District Census Handbook, CD and SMK Municipal Corporation Reports.

Chapter-V


The major amenities are impacting on adjacent locality and bring

changes. The other important example is Wanless memorial hospital,

which creates new locality on Sangli-Miraj road by name Wanlesswadi.

Several well known educational institutes such as Bharati Vidyapeeth,

Vasantdata Management Institute, Ambai Educational society, etc are

gathered here. Also business centres like Hero Honda show room, sales

offices, commercial shops, petrol pumps, governmental offices, etc are

developed here. As a result automatically it promoting to landuse change

and supporting to positive development.

There are hundreds of hospitals with multi-specialty services are

functioning in this area. Miraj is famous for medical services and many

patients from Maharashtra and Karnataka are visiting here for the

treatment. Due to this many constructions for medical facilities are

erecting in this locality along with its supplementary activities. Though

each amenity is individual and having its own sphere of influence it

maintains close relation between each other. In fact all amenities,

utilities are collectively keeping its impact on landuse and produce

several changes in a region

Table-5.3 shows the status of some important amenities and

infrastructure during 1971 to 2001. The range of amenities and

infrastructural aspect is quite large therefore, only few important aspects

are studied here. There is no much change in-between 1971 to 81 but

after 1991 rapid transformations can be seen in medical facilities,

educational services, electrical connections, etc. In other wards there is

rapid change start after 1991 in which amenities and infrastructure

plays a vital role. The continuously increasing road length is a sign of

day-by-day increasing built-up area. As per 2001 census about 4.5 lakh

people are residing in the urban agglomeration and to fulfill their

Key:

HL- Head Loads T- Tap B- Baskets S-Sewerage

ST- Septic Tank Latrines Pt- Pit System SR- Service Reservoir T- Tap Water

Chapter-V


demands and necessities many new sectors are emerging. The rising

number of latrines is the sing of increasing social awareness of health in

the peoples. The number of electric connection is highlighting the

transaction occurring in all sectors viz. residential, commercial,

industrial, etc.

Collectively, the amenities and infrastructural changes in the

urban areas highlights that, there is constant and swift change in the

urban landuse pattern plus economic sector.

5.11 Urban Landuse / Landcover

This section details with various aspects of urban landuse and

landcover. The review of urban regional planning report is conducted to

understand the urban condition during 1970s and actual condition of

2006.

5.11.1 Urban Landuse / Landcover Mapping

Acknowledge of landuse and landcover of urban areas is an

important task for many planning and management activities. The

mapping of landuse / landcover conditions for present (2006-07) and

past (1971-72) are carried out by using various inputs. During 1970s

Sangli and Miraj were functioning as independent municipalities and

Madhavnagar was declared as census town and adjacent villages i.e.

Kupwad, Budhgaon and Savali was considered as proposed urban area.

Fig.5.14 represents the landuse / landcover details of the urban

centres. During 1970s major portion of urban land was utilized for

agriculture. Because of the water availability, the land parcels along river

course and some of the patches are under irrigated farming. The urban

development of 1970s took place haphazardly in between Sangli and

Miraj particularly along Sangli-Miraj road and railway track. The

available industrial patches are the sign of industrial development in the

study area. Vasantdada sugar factory, Balaji Mill and surroundings,

Marathe Industrial Estates, ST Workshop, etc. was functioning as

Chapter-V


industrial areas. At the same time the open land available at eastern side

of Kupwad was also planned for the upcoming industrial projects.

Because of the Miraj junction, the landuse under transport and

communication was having considerable share i.e. 9.2 per cent to total

land (393.62 ha). The public and semi-public activities are also occupied

4.18 per cent (178.97 ha) area, in which Walchand and Willingdon

College occupies major portion.

About 1.66 per cent (70.94 ha) area was under trade and

commerce activity. Rest categories like Water bodies 1.12% (48.05 ha),

Park and Grounds 0.51% (22 ha) and Public Utilities 0.15% (6.45 ha)

Fig.5.14

.0 0.4 0.80.2 km

Scale

Legend

Residential

Trade & Commerce

Industrial Area

Public & Semi Public

Transport & Communication

Open Space, Parks & Grounds

Water Bodies

Vacant Land (Un-developed)

Agriculture (Irrigated)

Agriculture (Un-Irrigated

Cemetery, Public Utilities

Urban Landuse / Landcover(1971-72)

Miraj Tehsil

.0 0.5 10.25 km

Scale

Legend

Residential

Trade & Commerce

Industrial Area

Public & Semi Public

Transport & Communication

Open Space, Parks & Grounds

Water Bodies

Vacant Land (Un-developed)

Agriculture (Irrigated)

Agriculture (Un-Irrigated


Urban Landuse / Landcover(1971-72)

Miraj Tehsil

Source: Urban Planning Report of Sangli

Miraj Tahsil

Urban Landuse / Landcover (1971-72)

Chapter-V


were having relatively small share. The proportion of undeveloped land

(in fact rapidly developing land) was more i.e. 5.84 per cent (249.67 ha)

which was going to be utilized for residence, industries or other purposes

in coming days

In adjacent villages only Madhavnagar was having some industrial

activities. Therefore, except residential and industrial use rest land was

under agricultural use. Village Kupwad was also an agricultural village

but some patches of Industries and public and semi-public activity was

started establishing gradually.

The landuse / landcover map of 2006-07 is prepared by using

1mtr spatial resolution satellite data, records provided by Municipal

Corporation, GPS reading and field visit. Fig.5.15 represents detail

Miraj Tehsil

Urban Landuse / Landcover

(2006-07)

Agriculture

Transportation

Water Body

Commercial

Industrial

Open Land

Public & Semi-Public

Public Utilities

Recriation

Residential

Urban Limit

Legend

0 2 41 km

.Scale

Fig.5.15

Miraj Tehsil


(2006-07)

Agriculture

Transportation

Water Body

Commercial

Industrial

Open Land


Public Utilities

Recriation

Residential

Urban Limit

Legend

0 0.5 10.25 km

.Scale

Miraj Tehsil


(2006-07)

Agriculture

Transportation

Water Body

Commercial

Industrial

Open Land


Public Utilities

Recriation

Residential

Urban Limit

Legend

0 0.4 0.80.2 km

.Scale

Miraj Tahsil

Urban Landuse / Landcover (2006-07)

Chapter-V


condition of landuse / landcover in 2006-07. The urban area of 2006

was comprised of SMK Municipal Corporation along with Madhavnagar

and Budhgaon. In 2006 the highest land was occupied by agriculture i.e.

48.59 per cent to total area (5429.78 ha), followed by residential area

16.21% (1810 ha) and developing area 16.23% (1813 ha). The Transport

and communication category has spread on 9.32% (1041.89ha) area. The

industrial sector covers 2.51% land (280.85 ha), whereas public and

semi public activities occupies 4.16% (464.76ha) area

The trade and commerce category occupy 93.57ha but its

percentage is decreased and becomes 0.84%. The area under open space,

parks and grounds are comparatively very less i.e. 31.74ha (0.28%). The

cemetery and public utilities occupied 59.27ha land and its percentage

become 0.53. About 147.87ha area is occupied by water bodies and its

share is 1.32 per cent to total urban area

5.11.2 Change in City Pattern

The structure of city pattern is changed in few decades. During

1970s the urban area (City Pattern) was Sangli-Miraj-Madhavnagar

(SMM) which is changed as Sangli-Miraj-Kupwad (SMK). Madhavnagar is

situated in the urban fringe area and adjacent industrial sector help in

its development.

Table 5.4 Landuse Statistics and Trend of Change

Sr. No.

Land use Categories

Sangli-Miraj-Madhavnagar

(1971)

Sangli-Miraj-Kupwad (2006)

Trend of Change (+ / -)

Area in Hectare

% to Total Area

Area in ha

% to Total Area

Change in area ha

Change in %

1 Residential 416.6 9.74 1810.98 16.21 1394.38 334.70

2 Trade & Commerce 70.94 1.66 93.57 0.84 22.63 31.90

3 Industrial Area 142.04 3.32 280.85 2.51 138.81 97.73

4 Public & Semi Public 178.97 4.18 464.76 4.16 285.79 159.69

5 Transport & Communication

393.62 9.2 1041.89 9.32 648.27 164.69

6 Open Space, Parks & Grounds

22 0.51 31.74 0.28 9.74 44.27

7 Cemetery, Public Utilities 6.45 0.15 59.27 0.53 52.82 818.91

8 Agriculture 2749.33 64.27 5429.78 48.59 2680.45 97.49

9 Water Bodies 48.05 1.12 147.87 1.32 99.82 207.74

10 Vacant Land (Developing) 249.67 5.84 1813.29 16.23 1563.62 626.27

Total Area 4277.67 100 11174 100 6896.33

Source: Town planning report and SMK Municipal Corporation reports.

Chapter-V


Due to close proximity many warehouses, small scale industries

are gathered in Madhavnagar. Therefore, during 1970s development plan

Madhavnagar was considered as third city center of Sangli-Miraj urban

agglomeration. Later on due to various reasons the scenario is changed

and Madhavnagar is not developed as per the made predictions. The

development of Madhavnagar was lagged behind and Kupwad is emerged

very fast and present city pattern Sangli-Miraj-Kupwad is developed.

Considering the expansion and growth of these three sub centers

Maharashtra Government declared this area as Municipal Corporation.

The comparison of spatio-temporal statistics of landuse between two

urban clusters i.e. Sangli-Miraj-Madhavnagar (SMM) and Sangli-Miraj-

Kupwad (SMK) given in Table5.4 which is quite interesting. In case of

area, SMM occupied 4277.67 ha area which becomes 11174 ha for SMK

urban cluster i.e. about 6900 ha additional land came under urban use.

The agriculture land of SMM was 2749 ha (64.27% to total area) in 1971,

which is increased by 2680 ha and becomes 5429 ha for SMK in 2006

but its percentage gets down to 48.59% to total area. The Residential

area was 9.74% with SMM which is increased by 1394 ha and becomes

16.21% for SMK. Same time the proportion of vacant land in increased

by 1563 ha; earlier it was 5.84% which becomes 16.23%. There are some

categories which are having moderate change such as Transport and

Communication (648.27 ha), Public and Semi-public areas (285 ha),

Industrial sector (138.81 ha). Whereas there are some classes, which

does not contains much change i.e. Water Bodies and Cemeteries &

Public Utilities. In case of water body it was having 1.12% share which

becomes 1.32% and the actual change is 99.82 ha. The Cemeteries &

Public Utilities is increased by 52 ha i.e. earlier it was 0.15% which

becomes 0.53%. The Trade and Commerce is increased by 22 ha but its

share is decreased i.e. earlier it was 1.66% which becomes 0.84%. Same

thing is happened with Open Space, Parks & Grounds category; though

it is raised by only 9 ha area, its share is decreased from 0.51% to

Chapter-V


0.28%. In this segment, the change which is measured in terms of area is

not representing the clear-cut change because there is change in base

area as well (Madhavnagar is comparatively smaller than Kupwad).

Therefore, in next section the detail analysis of landuse for each town is

carried out separately.

5.11.3 Predicted Landuse and Reality

During 1970s the planners have studied Sangli-Miraj urban area

and predicted the condition after 20 years (i.e. for 1991). The decrease in

agriculture land i.e. conversion in residential areas and increasing

vacant land is noticed in Sangli-Miraj urban area. The details of

predicted landuse for 1991 are given in Appnedix-5.2. To check the

predictions success actual 1991‟s landuse data is not available hence its

comparison is made with 2001 data. There is distinction noticed in

prediction made for year 1991 and actual condition of 2001.

Moreover, the predictions are quite precise for Trade & Commerce,

Public Utilities, and Transportation classes. There is rise in Agriculture

as well as Vacant land and it is natural because the limit of Sangli was

expanded and actual area of Sangli is increased. The prediction of

Residential, Industrial, Parks & Grounds are not increased as per

expectation. In 1971 Sangli was having 241.75 ha land under residential

use and as per perdition it was expected that it will reach to 1080.8 ha in

1991 but in 2001 it became 741.58 ha. The important point is that, the

population is not raised as per estimation; hence the residential area is

also not expanded. Sangli is well known commercial town and

maintained suitable growth in commercial sector of the city. In 1971 it

was occupied 48.35 ha and expected 55.71 ha in 1991 which becomes

68.39 ha in 2001.

The predictions made for Miraj are also not as per expectations for

year 1991 but most of them achieved the assumptions up to year 2001.

The exceptional classes are Residential, Park & Ground and Transport &

Chapter-V


Communication. It was considered that Transport and Communication is

the main function of Miraj and it will grow accordingly in future. But in

reality Transportation activity is lagged behind and Hospitals are

increased very fast and the function of the city becomes Medical services.

It was assumed that the Public & Semi-Public class will reached up to

91.8 ha in 1991 but in 2001 it has occupied 165.81 ha area. It was

expected that in 1991 Open Space, Parks & Grounds class will cover 44

ha land but in 2001 also it occupied only 3.21 ha area. These statistics

shows that the proportion of Open Space, Parks & Grounds are not

enough rather it is lagging in both Sangli and Miraj city

5.11.4 Change in Landuse and Landcover

Change detection is the process of identifying differences in the

state of an object or phenomenon by observing it at different times

(Singh, 1965). There are various changes occurred in the urban areas in

terms of population, economic development, social structure, but in this

section the focus is paid on changes occurred in landuse / landcover of

urban area.

Change in Landuse (+/-) (1971-2001)

23.52

0.94

-0.07

-0.42

0.42

1.27

20.28

40.54

-0.43

13.95

14.55

0.07

6.47

5.62

-0.04

0.72

-5.00

50.02

3.85

23.74

122.02

0.76

-2.47

6.56

0.33

2.38

61.39

-168.06

-3.28

80.40

-180 -130 -80 -30 20 70 120

Residential

Trade and Commercial

Industrial

Public and Semi Public

Open Space, Park, & Grounds


Transport and communication

Agriculture

Water Bodies

Vacant Land

Cate

go

ry

%

Kupwad

Miraj

Sangli

Fig.5.16 Change in Urban Landuse with proportion to total area

Chapter-V


Satellite Images (RS data) and use of Geographical Information

Systems (GIS) is having ability to demarcate the landuse change and one

can prepare comprehensive plus smart plan for the development of

region. The level of change detection and measurement is depends on the

spatial scale i.e. conversion from one type of use to another or

modification particular landuse class. The detail statistics of urban

landuse for each centre is given in Appendix-5.2

Fig.5.16 depicts the rise and fall in landuse categories for Sangli,

Miraj and Kupwad. These figures are derived from the calculation of

available statistics. The huge decrease is noticed in agriculture land of

Kupwad and increase in residential area as well as in Transport &

Communication sector. The proportion of Vacant Land (developing) is

also high which will be utilized for the urban use very soon. This is an

indicator of rapidly occurring urbanization in and around Kupwad

The fair amounts of changes are noticed in Sangli as well,

particularly in Residence, Transport & Communication, Vacant Land,

etc. In case of Miraj there is no much change except Public & Semi-

Public and Industrial Sector. Some portion of Miraj is occupied by

Industrial sector (Miraj MIDC) in which some transformations are taken

place. Overall the categories like Residence, Transport &

Communication, Vacant Land and Agriculture are having major changes

and an opposite there are no much transformations in rest categories.

5.12 Built-up Area Changes

The changes in built-up area (BUA) are examined with the help of

satellite image datasets. The image classification technique is applied to

classify the landsat and IRS data and derived results are presented in

Fig5.17. The red colour patches represents built-up area which seems

increasing continuously. The changes occurred in patches i.e. along

Islampur road, towards Madhavnagar, in Kupwad particularly in the

marginal areas of Sangli and Miraj, around Kupwad MIDC, etc. It seems

1991

Chapter-V


that people have chosen the localities which are well accessible to all

urban centres and also containing good infrastructural facilities. The

expansion of built-up is happening in various patches like sprawls.

5.12.1 Ward wise Changes in Built-up Area

The actual changes in built-up area especially ward wise increase

is studied here. The built-up of 1971 and 2006 is overlaid on each other

to understand the area of change. The core wards of Sangli and Miraj

(ward no 54 to 60, 45, 47, 49 and 64 to 68) are already covered its entire

area hence there are no changes in it.

The purple colour patches in Fig.5.18 are the built-up of 1971. The

brown patches are representing the built-up area of 2006 which is

ultimately the location of change. There are total 14 wards which have

expanded more than 100ha, particularly Miraj (3), Sangli (4) and Kupwad

©Landuse / Landcover Map

(2005)

Urban Cluster

Legend

Saline Land

Water Body

River

Built Up Area

Agriculture

Vegetation

Waste Land

Harvested (Fallow Land)

0 1 2 30.5 km

Scale

©

0 2.5 51.25 km

Scale

Legend

Water Body

River

Saline Land

Built Up Area

Agriculture

Vegetation

Waste Land


Landuse / Landcover Map

(2000)Urban Cluster

Landuse / Landcover Map

(1991)©

Legend

Built Up Area

Waste Land


Agriculture

Vegetation

River

Water Body

Saline Land 0 1 2 3 40.5 km

Scale

Urban Cluster

©Landuse / Landcover Map

(2002)

Urban Cluster

Agriculture

Vegetation

Built Up Area

Harvested Land (Fallow Land)

Waste Land (Open Land)

River

Water Body

Saline Land

Legend

Scale0 1 2 30.5 km

Fig.5.17 Changes in built-up area of urban centres

Chapter-V


(6+1). The maximum built-up is taken place in Kupwad i.e. all six wards

are recorded more than 100ha expansion.

The highest expansion is noticed in ward no 26 which is located

adjacent to Miraj industrial

sector. Although Budhgaon

and Madhavnagar are the

census towns these areas are

also noticed changes i.e. in

Budhgaon maximum recorded

change is 15.46ha and in

Madhavnagar 46.35ha. Table-

5.5 is the ward wise summary

of BUA changes in the urban

Table 5.5 Ward-wise changes in Urban BUA (2006)

Class (Change in ha)

Total Wards

Ward Numbers

No Change 15 54 to 60, 45, 47, 49, 64 to 68

0.01 to 10 21 Bu 3 to 6 & 16, 17, 19 to 21, 29 to 36, 44, 46, 48, 50

11 to 50 19

Bu-1, 2, Ma-1 & 2, 6, 8, 15, 18, 27, 28, 37, 40 to 43, 51, 52, 62, 63

51 to 100 7 1, 7, 11, 13, 23, 39, 61

101 to 150 7 9, 10, 14, 24, 25, 53, 69

Above 151 7 3 to 5, 12, 22, 26, 38

Source: Calculated on the basis of vector analysis

74°40'0"E

74°40'0"E

74°37'30"E

74°37'30"E

74°35'0"E

74°35'0"E

74°32'30"E

74°32'30"E

16°55'0"N 16°55'0"N

16°52'30"N 16°52'30"N

16°50'0"N 16°50'0"N

16°47'30"N 16°47'30"N

Built-up Area ChangeSangli-Miraj Urban Cluster

(1971 - 2006)"

2 0 2 4 61

km

Scale

Legend

Ward Limit

Built-up Area - 1971

Built-up Area - 2006

Fig.5.18 Spatio-temporal changes in built-up areas of urban centres

Chapter-V


centres of Miraj tahsil. The classes are made randomly based on the

calculations. There are about 21 wards which are having minor increase

i.e. below 10ha. The category 11 to 50 consists of total 19 wards and

class 50 to 100 contains 7 wards.

The rise of more than 100ha is noticed in 14 wards out of that

seven are below 150ha and seven are above. The changes in built-up

area of individual wards are presented through map (Fig5.19).

5.13 Urban Problems

The list of problems is quite long but here in this study focus is

made on only few major problems.

5.13.1 Transportation and Traffic

The urban centres are containing two types of transportations i.e.

local and regional. Since the main roads of the tahsil are passing through

the urban centres huge unnecessary transport vehicle are passing

8

5

1

4

3

9

7

18

26

16

70

14

6

12

38

69

76

2

10

22

74

2553

71

11

36

24

39

75

61

23

37

13

63

73

2740

43

21

51

28

4115

72

52

42

1917

29

49

32

48

54

62

31

58

34

Change in Built-up Area(1971 to 2006)

0 1 2 30.5km

ScaleK

Legend

Wardwise-ChangeClass of Change

Actual Change

No Change

0.01 to 10

11 to 50

50 to 100

101 to 150

Above 150

Fig.5.19 Ward wise change in Built-up area (1971-2006)

5

8

9

7

26

6

4

69

36

37

27

28

33

29

32

54 31

30

58

3435

55

5956

57

60Legend


Actual Change

No Change

0.01 to 10

11 to 50

50 to 100

101 to 150

Above 150


0 0.5 1 1.50.25km

ScaleK

21

15

66

19

1

49

43

22

4850

14

20

46

64

18

45

47

16

44

65

51

68

63

67

17

Legend


Actual Change

No Change

0.01 to 10

11 to 50

50 to 100

101 to 150

Above 150


0 0.1 0.2 0.30.05

km

ScaleK

Chapter-V


through the city. Due to this increased traffic it creates several

cumulative problems. The vehicles associated with industrial and

commercial sector of the city are also creates traffic problem. The narrow

roads in the internal parts of the city are inadequate to manage the

traffic flow. The condition of existing by-pass roads (e.g. Kagwad-Tasgaon

road) is very bad therefore drivers do not prefer to travel on these roads

as result traffic on city roads is increasing. There are many commercial

spots in the city. Ganpati Peth is one of them which is a wholesale

market and having mixed landuse i.e. Commercial, residential and other

miscellaneous activities. Always many trucks and tempos are parked /

loading-unloading the goods which creates problem for traffic.

The public (City Buses and Sate Travel i.e. ST) transportations are

also having various problems particularly bus routs and their stops.

Many city bus routes are not having facility of bus stop and they stop on

the road to pick-up the passengers. Because of this many time traffic

gets stuck and accidents occurring in a hurry of overtaking the bus. The

ST busses moving towards Ashta (from main bus stand to Irwin Bridge)

are utilizing small lane as their route. This road is very narrow and

creates traffic jam on Maruti road, Harbhat road and inner lanes of city.

Likewise there are several problems which can not be explained here in

detail hence there is need of individual, in-depth study.

5.13.2 Drinking Water

At present the water for urban centres is provided from Krishna

River. The present need of water and water availability ratio is not

matching. Still there are many areas which are not having water supply

taps. The areas where tap connection is made available but water is not

been supplied and in some areas provided water is not sufficient. Overall

there is huge demand for drinking water. Particularly the outskirts and

areas of Kupwad are not receiving enough amount of water. Most of the

Chapter-V


time water is supplied once in a two or three days hence there is water

shortage. More or less same condition is found in the all urban centres.

5.14.2 Sewage / Drainage System

Only some parts of Sangli and Miraj are having proper sewage /

drainage system. The rest areas are still functioning with open drainage

system particularly the outskirts are facing this problem severely. In case

of Kupwad there is no sewage / drainage system and at present natural

streams are using for releasing the sewage. Also the problem of solid

waste is another major issue. For Kupwad and outskirts of Miraj as well

as Sangli there are not proper garbage-waste collection centres. At

present there are some solid waste dumping yards functioning (e.g. on

Bedag road, on Kavathe Piran road, etc) but for rising population those

will not be enough.

5.13.3 Pollution

Like all cities, pollution is one the major problems harassing to

this urban area. In this area the problem of water pollution is major

issue than the other. Particularly Sheri nala is the main issue of water

pollution which creates health and environmental problems. The smoke

and smell creates unhealthy environment for residence so people prefer

to stay away form this area. Although air pollution is a problem in the

fringe areas of industrial sectors it is not that much big issue in today‟s

date. But waste water releasing from industries is the major issue where

focus should be made. The released industrial waste water is affecting

ground water e.g. many tube wells in Kupwad are getting harmful water.

5.13.4 Unplanned Settlement (Gunthewari Area)

Unplanned and uncontrolled expansion of built-up areas of city is

leading to several problems such as segregation of low-income groups in

particular areas, additional stress on existing amenities and services,

social problems, etc. There are many patches of gunthewari in all urban

centres and its spatial distribution is already mentioned in above section.

Chapter-V


The proportion of gunthewari is expanding very fast which generating

problems in cumulative manner. Today this problem may seems normal

but in coming days it is going to be severe and create further problems

for planning and development process.

5.13.5 Functioning of Urban Planning Department

The unplanned settlement is creating many problems; therefore

town planning department has to implement some measures for

sustainable positive development. Presently huge amount of people are

staying in gaothan areas therefore, for that special planning is required.

In addition, detail action plan should be implemented to organize

haphazardly grown settlement patches and gunthewari areas.

5.13.6 Uneven Spatial Distribution of Educational, Health and Entertainment related Services

The spatial distributions of major services like Educational, Health,

Entertainment, Park and Gardens, etc. are unevenly distributed

(Fig.5.15). These are key facilities providing services to the residents of

the urban centres. Since there are multiple urban nuclei existed in study

area, the distribution of these services must be even. Most of the services

are gathered around CBD and peripheral areas are lagging for the

services.

5.14.7 Residential and other Miscellaneous Problems

The population of urban centres is continuously increasing (Table-

2.3, 5.2 and Fig.2.11) as a results the number of houses are also

increased. Due to this continuous expansion, in coming days there will

be problem of space for residence. The ever increasing land value is also

another important issue of focus. The land rates in Vishrambag, around

Wanlesswadi, Balajinagar, along 100 feet ring road, timber area, etc. are

very high so common man can not afford it. Other than this the Krishna

River is also put some restrictions on the residential expansion especially

the flood zone (low level area) of river and newly raised constructions in

this area is another major issue. The growing patch of slum is another

Chapter-V


severe problem of this urban area. It is giving birth to crime, social

problems, congestion, sanitation and health problems and many more

related aspects. Normally the problems are closely associated to each

other and creates supporting environment for the growth of other

problem. Likewise the list of problems is never ending but some of the

important issues are discussed above.

5.14 Suggestions to the Urban Problems

As a research point of view here an attempt is made to give some

suggestions to overcome from the above listed problems. The below

discussion offer a direction to focus and take action.

5.14.1 Transportation and Traffic

The unnecessary traffic passing through city should divert through

outer roads. In this connections some ring roads needs to be develop

around city. The condition of by-pass road should be good for that time

to time maintenance is essential. The task of road widening should start

so that it should not crate problem today and tomorrow (presently same

task is carried out for all main roads in Pune, same kind of action is

needed for SMK.). In this concern most important thing is to destroy

encroachment taken place along the roads. There must be separation of

heavy and normal traffic wherein heavy traffic should divert form outer

roads. Also some strict traffic rules should made and avoid heavy

vehicles entry in peak hours.

To avoid traffic congestion in Ganpati peth, separate Truck

Terminus should developed in the adjacent low laying (flood prone) area

in the northern direction of Sangli. Same can be used for parking of

vehicles and reduce the overcrowding on the roads in CBD. The people

visiting to Ganpati temple and employees working in CBD can park their

vehicles in this area. Also to reduce the stress construction of additional

warehouses can be built in Kupwad industrial area or open land

available in village Savali.

Chapter-V


Considering present and rising traffic conditions the roads

connecting to NH-4 towards Kolhapur and Peth Naka should be made of

multiple lanes. The main city bus stand needs to be shift towards

Madhavnagar quickly and divert the traffic through newly constructed

bridge. Detail survey has to be conduct to check the present bus routes

and find suitable locations for bus stops as well as alternative bus

routes. There should be strict constrains of traffic rules in accident

potential areas for overtaking, parking, speed, etc. to avoid the accidents.

5.14.2 Water Problem

The shortage of drinking water is worst problem which has to be

solved by systematic action plan. At present one water supply scheme is

in-process from Warana River. This is a big project and hopefully this will

meet the requirements and adequate water supply will be started.

Also a supporting plan of water harvesting plants for urban areas

should be conduct on various levels. It has to be made compulsory to the

new (big) projects and apartments and at the same time with some

subsidy it can be started for individual houses as well. This will fulfill at

least the demand of usable water and reduce pressure from drinking

water. At the same time the water of Black Stone Query (Kali Khan)

should purified at certain level and supply for domestic / industrial use.

5.14.3 Sewage / Drainage System

There should be close drainage systems for all areas of urban

centres. The waste water should not release directly in the natural

streams, this affects on the environment and health of the residents. The

waste water can be used for agriculture with some minor treatment i.e.

at least the plastics and other solid waste should remove from the drain,

so that the farmer can utilize this water. Provide the storage bins to all

major areas of solid waste dump and duly shift the waste in to main

dumping yards.

Chapter-V


5.14.4 Pollution

As far as Sheri Nala is concern, to control the water pollution one

complete action plan should prepare and implemented. The filtered water

should provide for agriculture in the marginal areas. At any

circumstances it should not release in Krishna River. There are historical

evidences (time to time published in local news papers) that due to its

leakages health problems are created. In case of industrial waste, strict

action has to take who are releasing polluted water. There must be water

purification system of each industry and all of them must follow the rules

and regulations prepared time to time.

5.14.5 Utilization of Un-Developed Land

There is quite open land available in and around city e.g. the waste

land near Sangliwadi, area around Fruit Market, Kupwad surrounding,

etc. can be utilized for urban use. The geographic mean center of SMK

city is in-between Sangli - Miraj and Kupwad, where extensive open land

is available and with this growth rate, will become a heart of city in

future. Therefore, proper planning needs to be made and implemented

for the utilization of un-developed land.

5.14.6 Measures by Town Planning Department

The town planning department in the city has to act more strictly

and effectively. Also introduce the advanced technology like GIS, GPS

and Remote Sensing in the city planning and its various functions. The

expansion and development activity should take place in a systematic

way as per government rules and regulations. The area that comes under

the floods of the river should not be allowed for residence in fact, it can

be used as open space and parking purposes. About 170000 people

reside in the gaothan areas of Sangli, Miraj and Kupwad, for which

special planning can be done considering roads, footpaths, drinking

water, sanitation, etc. Proper focus has to be paid on the spatial

Chapter-V


distribution of important services and establish the services in the

lagging areas.

As the problems are interlinked between each other, same way its

solution is also closely interlinked with each other. Once single problem

is resolved systematically it will help to tackle other related problems.

Hence systematic, efficient administration (Government) and constructive

support from politicians along with strong willpower of its residents can

help to overcome from the present problems.

5.15 Proposed Landuse / Landcover

The suggestions or proposals are very much useful for the

systematic development of a region. Each category may have some better

options for sustainable development point of view. This section deals with

the proposed landuse of the urban area in brief. (Some of the proposals

are already discussed in above section, i.e. 5.14 in Suggestion section.)

5.15.1 Urbanisable Area, Extent and Form

The demarcation of urbanisable area depends on future population

and its demand of residential area, needs of emerging industrial area,

present proportion of developed and undeveloped land, etc. SMK

Municipal Corporation has occupied 11174 ha land and 1080 ha land

covered by Census towns. In 1971‟s plan Sangli, Miraj, Kupwad,

Madhavnagar, Budhgaon and Savali are considered as urban area and

this area is quite capable to handle the requirements of 2025. This area

is containing enough undeveloped land hence no need of acquiring

additional area. But Savali, Bamnoli, Budhgaon and Madhavnagar have

to be acted as a part of urban centres and accordingly changes have to

be made in it.

5.15.2 Residential Area

The present percentage share of residential landuse of SMK depict

that, out of total about 35 % of the residents are concentrated in Sangli,

6% in Sangliwadi, 25% in Kupwad and Wanlesswadi and 34% in Miraj.

Chapter-V


Considering the growth trend of population the population predictions

are made for future for that Registrar General (census of India) method is

applied. The formula is Pt = P2001 + P2001 * (P1991 – P1981) / P1981 *

t/10 where, Pt is Population of required year, t is no of years for

prediction, P2001 is the population of year 2001, P1991and P1981 is the

population of year 1991 and 1981 respectively. For year 2021 the

formula will be P2021 = 431014 + 421014 * (351917 – 271096) / 271096 * 20 /10

i.e. it will reach to 688007 (SMK) and around 31379 (Madhavnagar and

Budhgaon) in 2021. As per 2001 census, this urban area contains 93288

households and household size is about 5 hence for added 288372

population (256993 + 31379) it requires about 57674 households for

year 2021.

Miraj TehsilProposed Urban Landuse / Landcover

(2025)

Scale0 1 2 30.5

km

¸

Legend

Water Bodies

Transportation


Public Utilities

Recriation

Residential

Urban Limit

Industrial

Trade & Commercel

Fig.5.20

Scale0 0.25 0.5 0.750.125

km

¸

Miraj Tehsil

Proposed Urban Landuse / Landcover(2025)

Scale0 0.1 0.2 0.30.05

km̧

Miraj Tehsil


Scale0 0.04 0.08 0.120.02

km̧

Miraj Tehsil


Miraj Tahsil

Proposed Urban Landuse / Landcover

(2025)

Chapter-V


Fig.5.21 City Centre and its Expansion

Chapter-V


To meet the need of added household additional land is required.

At present 1813 ha land is undeveloped residential area and it can be

brought under actual residence very soon. Also there is quite huge un-

irrigated land around urban area which can also brought under

residential use as per the need. The area in south direction of 100feet

ring road, southern undeveloped land patch near Wanlesswadi, Northern

part of Kupwad, along Pandharpur and Malgaon road, North-eastern part

of Sangli along railway track, etc. are having potential for futuristic

residential development. But while developing this area the rules of town

planning has to be followed strictly

Table 5.6 Present and Proposed Landuse (2006 – 2025)

5.15.3 Industrial Sector

The industrial sector of Sangli-Miraj urban area is having lots of

contribution in the development of city. Presently about 300 ha land is

under industrial use which is 3 per cent to municipal area. Kupwad

Industrial area is outside corporation limit but it is benefited to the

Sangli-Miraj by all the way.

In SMK Municipal Corporation area out of total working

population 20.93% are main workers, 1.58% are marginal workers and

Sr. No. Land use Categories

Sangli-Miraj-Kupwad (2006)

Proposed Urban Area (2025)*

Proposed Trend of Change (+ / -)

Area in Hectare

% to Total Area

Area in Ha

% to Total Area

Change in area

Ha

Change in %

1 Residential 1810.98 16.21 4018 30.35 2207.02 121.87

2 Trade & Commerce 93.57 0.84 130.5 0.99 36.93 39.47

3 Industrial Area 280.85 2.51 379.2 2.86 98.35 35.02

4 Public & Semi Public 464.76 4.16 563.1 4.25 98.34 21.16

5 Transport & Communication 1041.89 9.32 1521 11.49 479.11 45.98

6 Open Space, Parks & Grounds

31.74 0.28 227.6 1.72 195.86 617.08

7 Cemetery, Public Utilities 59.27 0.53 101.6 0.77 42.33 71.42

8 Agriculture 5429.78 48.59 4792 36.20 -637.78 -11.75

9 Water Bodies 147.87 1.32 270 2.04 122.13 82.59

10 Vacant Land (Developing) 1813.29 16.23 1235 9.33 -578.29 -31.89

Total Area 11174 100 13238 100 2064 18.47

Source: SMKMC Records and calculated for 2025*

Chapter-V


rest are non-workers (as per 2001 census). Taking the average increase,

workers population in the year 2021 is calculated as 199966 (SMK) and

around 17250 (Madhavnagar and Budhgaon). The present industrial

sector is providing work opportunity through several industries but

considering growth rate the supporting sector has to be developed more.

Presently one proposal has put forth to develop additional industrial unit

near village Kalambi / Siddhewadi. Also some small and medium plants

can be developed on Miraj-Pandharpur road, Kagwad-Tasgaon road in

the neighboring of present Industrial sector. This plant will support the

industrial development of the region, but it has to be developed

considering sustainable development point of view.

5.15.4 Administrative and Market Centres

At present the administrative offices are divided in Sangli Rajwada

and Miraj fort area. For the convenience and planning point of view all

segregated offices must concentrate in centralized position. In this

concern the patches near Wanlesswadi is the best suitable place for it.

Some market centres can be also developed considering its accessibility.

Key:

0 – Unclassified 3 – River 6 – Harvested/Open Land 1 – Saline Land 4 – Agriculture 7 – Built up 2 – Water Body 5 – Vegetation 8 – Undeveloped Land

Fig.5.22 Projected Landuse / Landcover of 2025 as per CA_Markov analysis

Chapter-V


The process of administration can be done more effectively from centre

position and accessible for the residents of all urban centres. The

marginal part (South-eastern part of Budhgaon and northern part of

Kupwad) has to be kept reserved considering the future prospective for

administration. The present patch of Wanlesswadi can handle the

present condition but it is not suitable for the condition of after 2025. In

this concern the proposed northern part will be more suitable to the

expansion took place in future. The small patches available around

Kupwad can be allotted for the market centres.

5.15.5 Green Zone

The planning is not the utilization of all available space but some

places have to be kept open and some parts under agricultural use. This

is quite essential to maintain the environmental balance in the city. The

localities of riverside and along the natural stream should be kept as

green belt; rather plantation has to be made in this area. The present

agricultural land patches in southern Kupwad has to be keep as green

zone for futuristic development. Presently Sahayadri Starch Industries

have made some plantation to release the industrial waste water. The

area around this has to be maintained as green zone. Also the Savali-

Miraj nala, the steams moving from Kupwad to Bamani, and other

stream patches needs to be preserved as green zone.

5.15.6 Park and Garden

The land under park and gardens in existing landuse is only 0.28

per cent of total municipal area (31.74 ha). The park and gardens are

maintaining social health of city and unfortunately for that there is no

space in Sangli-Miraj urban area. There are many Ghat (riverside

construction for utilization of water) on Krishna river in Sangli, Miraj,

Haripur where spacious park and gardens can be developed. Also this

premise contains various religious centres those also can be developed

systematically for public use. The present gardens are not in good

Chapter-V


conditions so these can also renovate and maintain properly. The nearby

Dandoba hill area can be developed as Regional Park.

At the same time small and medium size play grounds has to be

developed which will reduced the trace of present grounds and stadiums.

Presently one big stadium is developing near Wanlesswadi that is positive

sign of development. There is no single stadium in the district where

national level games can be conducted. Hence one national level stadium

can be constructed in the saline waste land near Sangliwadi. The

accessibility of NH-4 will be supporting to it.

5.15.7 Transportation

There are several proposals for smoothing the road transportation

and avoid traffic congestion but some of them are given here because of

space limitation.

Outer Ring Roads: The outer ring road connecting to Tasgaon-

Peth road, Peth-Kolhapur road, Tasgaon-Pandharpur-Athani-

Kagwad-Kolhapr road. These two half circles will create complete

ring road around the city and it will divert unnecessary traffic from

outside the city and also reduce the additional trace on present

traffic.

Restructuring of Existing Roads: The roads, particularly inside

gaothan of Miraj and Kupwad are very narrow and overcrowding.

Therefore, these need to be widened by removing the

encroachments. The main roads joining to urban centres i.e. Miraj-

Kupwad-Budhgaon, Kupwad-Madhavnagar, Sangli-Budhgaon, etc.

should made double way (two lane).

Traffic Signals, Circles in the Junctions, etc: Some particular

roads inside city are having more traffic, for those traffic signals

needs to be set compulsory and in road junctions, chowks the

small circle has to be construct to maintain traffic flow.

Chapter-V


The above proposals must implement as early as possible also the

suggestions already given in regional planning report are still pending

those must be implemented.

5.15.8 Other Sectors (Public Utilities, Public & Semi-Public Services, Trade & Commerce, etc.)

1) Develop the truck terminus and parking in the low laying area

backside of Ganpati peth. To park the goods truck and vehicles of

employees working in CBD.

2) As mentioned above sections develop bus stops, movie theaters and

public services for the residents as per need of particular locality.

3) The present water supply lines are not sufficient to provide water

supply to the city. Considering this new arrangement has to be made

for water source, distributaries and proper service to the habitats.

4) Built the water treatment plan for the industrial waste water and

supply the properly purified water to agriculture farm lands in nearby

areas.

5) The present drainage lines are inadequate to meet the current need.

Considering the need its detail survey has to be made and do the

planning accordingly.

Like above, there are number of small scale proposals for the

sustainable development of the urban cluster. All of them are not

possible to mention here due to the limitations but some of them are

depicted in the proposed landuse plan of the Sangli-Miraj urban area.

5.15.9 Adjacent Rural Area

The present urban cluster is creating its impact on adjacent

villages. Madhavnagar and Budhgaon are the already considered as

urban centres in the present urban cluster. The villages namely Bamnoli,

Savali, Kananwadi, Tanang, Padmale, Haripur, Ankali and Dhamani are

located in the close proximity to the urban cluster. The detail study has

to be made considering the planning and development activities for these

villages, because in near future these are going to be part of urban

Chapter-V


cluster. In fact special committee has to set for conducting detail study of

the urban cluster including adjacent villages.

5.16 Conclusion

Miraj and Sangli city are having more than 200 year‟s historical

background and both are situated in the close proximity. Its spatio-

temporal growth and expansion has given different shape / structure to

the city. Initially the expansion of Sangli and Miraj in bi-nuclear direction

but due to industrial developments during 1970s around Madhavnagar

the binuclear growth of Sangli and Miraj becomes multinuclear. The

industrial sector near Kupwad supported to development and expansion

of Kupwad and surroundings. Overall the Kupwad is expanded more

than expectations whereas Madhavnagar is lagged behind.

The demographic statistics shows that there is natural growth in

the population. The total population of urban area in 1971 was 201597

which became 436781 in 2001 i.e. increased by double. In 1971, the

population density of urban agglomeration was 47.13/ha which came

down to 39.09/ha in 2001. It means though the population is increased

rapidly the density is reduced and probable reason is the actual urban

area also increased accordingly. The change is also noticed in size and

number of households in the urban area. In 1971 the total number of

household was 37616 which reached to 88115 in 2001 but the

household size is get reduced i.e. in 1971 it was 5.36 which became 4.96

in 2001.

SMK Municipal Corporation is the main work centre which

contains about 24 per cent of the work force engaged in trade and

commerce followed by manufacturing other than household is 21 per

cent. It shows that the tertiary sector is the main work sector of this

area. In general, the household condition depicts a better economic

status. As per the estimations for the year 2021, it will contain about

620000 persons. Gunthewari areas hold about 17000 dwelling units plus

Chapter-V


15000 open plots accommodating about 80000 persons. The Gunthewari

areas contain about 990 ha of land which becomes about 8.8 per cent to

total SMK Municipal Corporation area. The corporation record shows

that only 16 per cent residents stay in the rented houses. About 47 per

cent houses are „pucka‟ houses and 31 per cent semi pucka houses.

The functional classification describes the wards wise functions of

urban cluster. Residence and agriculture are the main functions for most

of the wards. There are about 27 wards are having single functions

whereas four wards contains maximum four functions. In Sangli, the

places like educational campus of Walcahand and Willingdon college,

Vasantdata Sugar factory and adjacent Industrial estate, Market yard

and Balaji Mill surrounding industries, civil hospital surrounding etc. are

acted as nuclei in the development of city. All most all characteristics are

placed as per the standards of the multiple nuclei model and

development of city is taken place accordingly. The urban amenities are

supporting for the change in the landuse of an area. The medical

functions available in Miraj have supported to change in its landuse. The

educational institutes near Vishrambag have changed the landuse of

surrounding area.

The urban development and change in landuse is having close

relationship. There are many transformations noticed in the region in

last 35 years and many changes are noticed in the landuse. There are

some patches spreading very fast due to its potentials and converting

into suburbs. Day by day the gap is reducing between the two urban

centers and forming large urban agglomeration. There is quite huge

undeveloped and agricultural land is available in between Sangli, Miraj

and Kupwad. Considering the present speed of city expansion and

haphazardly developing residence, the systematic planning of urban area

becomes essential. Urban open spaces are vital part of urban landscape

with its own specific set of function. Open spaces contribute to the

quality of life in many ways hence there must be some patches of open

Chapter-V


land in city. The open spaces may be helpful to tackle the probable

trouble / calamities generates in future.

The landuse classification shows that most of the land in urban

area is under agricultural use (49.4%). The proportion of land under

open space, park and grounds is very less. Therefore, the attention

should be paid on it to increase the share of park and grounds. In 1971

trade and commerce activity occupied 70.94ha land (1.66%) and in 2006

it is reached to 93.57ha Sangli is well known trading city but this sector

is not expanded as per the expectations. The rapid rise is noticed in

residential areas hence it has covered 17 per cent of the total urban area.

About 3 per cent area is under industrial sector but Kupwad industrial

sector located near the urban area is the major industrial area of the

Sangli district. This is the “C” grade industrial sector of Maharashtra and

contributed in the growth and development of Sangli-Miraj Urban area.

The unplanned, haphazard settlement is taking place very fast and

it is going to be major problem in future. The proportion of vacant land is

very huge hence systematic planning has to be implemented. The

problem of city expansion towards agricultural land is generally not

because of available vacant land but lack of appropriate government

policy and strategy to guide new developments. To conclude this chapter,

„it is better to control the things when these are in limit otherwise it

becomes worst than they appear’.

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Daily Pudari, 5-March 2009: “Airport for Sangli”, News published in local

Marathi news paper.

Urban Planning Report (1971): Regional Planning Report of Sangli-Miraj Urban

area, pp. 9-78.

Web References:

Acharya, A.K. and Nangia, P. (2004): Population Growth and Changing Land-Use

Pattern in Mumbai Metropolitan Region of India, Caminhos de

GEOGRAPHY - online magazine, pp168-185.

http://www.caminhosdegeografia.ig.ufu.br/include/getdoc.php?id=333&arti

cle=92&mode=pdf

Basudha, Chattopadhyay (2009): Sustainable Urban Development In India: Some

Issues. http://niua.org/Publications/discussion_paper/basudha_paper.pdf

http://www.caminhosdegeografia.ig.ufu.br/include/getdoc.php?id=333&article=92&mode=pdf

http://www.caminhosdegeografia.ig.ufu.br/include/getdoc.php?id=333&article=92&mode=pdf

http://niua.org/Publications/discussion_paper/basudha_paper.pdf

Chapter-V


Esbah, H., Maktav, D., Atatanir, L and Erbek, S. F. (2007): Understanding

Urban Growth Patterns: A Landscape Ecology Point of View.

www.isprs.org/proceedings/XXXVI/8-W27/esbah01.pdf

Harris, C.D. and E.L. Ullman (1945): The Nature of Cities, The Annals of the

American Academy of Political and Social Sciences Issue.242, pp.7.

http://geospatial.osu.edu/conference/proceedings/papers/irwin_pap.pdf

Sangli District Gazetteer, 1969:

HTTP://WWW.MAHARASHTRA.GOV.IN/ENGLISH/GAZETTEER/SA

NGLI/COMM_POST%20AND%20TELEGRAPH.HTML#NIRMAL

Shekhar, Sulochana (2004): Urban Sprawl Assessment: Entropy Approach, GIS

development, May 2004, Vol. 8, Issue.5.

http://www.gisdevelopment.net/magazine/gisdev/2004/may/urban1.shtml

Shekhar, Sulochana (2007): Changing Space of Pune – A GIS perspective, GIS

development.

http://www.gisdevelopment.net/proceedings/mapworldforum/upid/MWF_U

rbanPlanning_116.pdf

Wikipedia (2010): http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sangli

http://www.isprs.org/proceedings/XXXVI/8-W27/esbah01.pdf

http://geospatial.osu.edu/conference/proceedings/papers/irwin_pap.pdf

http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/SANGLI/comm_post%20and%20Telegraph.html#nirmal

http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/SANGLI/comm_post%20and%20Telegraph.html#nirmal

http://www.gisdevelopment.net/magazine/gisdev/2004/may/urban1.shtml

http://www.gisdevelopment.net/proceedings/mapworldforum/upid/MWF_UrbanPlanning_116.pdf

http://www.gisdevelopment.net/proceedings/mapworldforum/upid/MWF_UrbanPlanning_116.pdf

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sangli

Chapter-V


Appendix 5.1 Population and Household Density of Urban area (2001)

Sr.

No Ward Units

Total

House

hold

Total

Popula-

tion

Total

Male

Total

Female

Area

(sq

km)

% to

Total

Area

Density

(Person

/ sq

km)

Household

(Person /

sq km)

1 Sangli - Ward No.1 2121 10049 5189 4860 5.99 5.36 1677 354

2 Sangli - Ward No.2 1096 5065 2676 2389 1.26 1.13 4006 867

3 Kupwad - Ward No.3 2087 9626 5083 4543 5.89 5.27 1633 354

4 Kupwad - Ward No.4 2085 9708 5040 4668 4.96 4.44 1629 350

5 Miraj - Ward No.5 1370 6897 3637 3260 5.83 5.22 1010 200

6 Miraj - Ward No.6 2161 10216 5278 4938 1.89 1.69 5404 1143

7 Miraj - Ward No.7 1477 8171 4279 3892 4.7 4.21 1738 314

8 Miraj - Ward No.8 632 3292 1743 1549 11.47 10.26 208 40

9 Miraj - Ward No.9 1820 9574 4937 4637 5.13 4.59 1867 355

10 Kupwad - Ward No.10 1519 7001 3731 3270 2.21 1.98 3169 688

11 Sangli - Ward No.11 1690 7266 3690 3576 1.06 0.95 6848 1593

12 Sangli - Ward No.12 2817 13117 6865 6252 3.5 3.13 3749 805

13 Sangli - Ward No.13 2162 11286 5783 5503 1.02 0.91 11063 2119

14 Sangli - Ward No.14 1974 9741 5108 4633 3.81 3.41 2559 518

15 Sangli - Ward No.15 1209 5970 3015 2955 0.34 0.30 17691 3582

16 Sangli - Ward No.16 1142 5555 2844 2711 4.64 4.15 1198 246

17 Sangli - Ward No.17 1074 5239 2705 2534 0.23 0.21 22501 4613

18 Sangli - Ward No.18 1217 6149 3252 2897 7.46 6.68 825 163

19 Sangli - Ward No.19 901 4773 2525 2248 0.24 0.21 19605 3701

20 Sangli - Ward No.20 684 4106 2062 2044 0.17 0.15 23984 3995

21 Sangli - Ward No.21 903 5007 2505 2502 0.49 0.44 10311 1859

22 Sangli - Ward No.22 1702 7656 3951 3705 1.76 1.58 374 969

23 Sangli - Ward No.23 1701 8153 4253 3900 0.85 0.76 9551 1993

24 Kupwad - Ward No.24 1541 7005 3657 3348 1.05 0.94 6675 1468

25 Kupwad - Ward No.25 1687 7967 4107 3860 1.18 1.06 6748 1429

26 Miraj - Ward No.26 1945 8820 4579 4241 5.08 4.55 1736 383

27 Miraj - Ward No.27 1443 7069 3644 3425 0.52 0.47 13723 2801

28 Miraj - Ward No.28 1184 5765 2774 2991 0.45 0.40 12720 2612

29 Miraj - Ward No.29 893 4530 2301 2229 0.22 0.20 20221 3986

30 Miraj - Ward No.30 867 4491 2256 2235 0.11 0.10 40410 7801

31 Miraj - Ward No.31 924 4165 2106 2059 0.14 0.13 30573 6782

32 Miraj - Ward No.32 1288 6431 3245 3186 0.2 0.18 32543 6518

33 Miraj - Ward No.33 1037 5245 2691 2554 0.26 0.23 20252 4004

34 Miraj - Ward No.34 888 5207 2632 2575 0.11 0.10 48456 8264

35 Miraj - Ward No.35 868 4817 2449 2368 0.1 0.09 46825 8437

36 Miraj - Ward No.36 1568 7735 3813 3922 1.09 0.98 7083 1436

37 Miraj - Ward No.37 1138 5708 2974 2734 1.03 0.92 5516 1100

38 Kupwad - Ward No.38 2552 11799 6057 5742 3.17 2.84 3725 806

39 Sangli - Ward No.39 1326 6061 3129 2932 1.05 0.94 5787 1266

40 Sangli - Ward No.40 1333 5980 3025 2955 0.5 0.45 11859 2643

Continue…

Chapter-V


41 Sangli - Ward No.41 1281 5783 2975 2808 0.39 0.35 14936 3308

42 Sangli - Ward No.42 1351 6271 3167 3104 0.25 0.22 25354 5462

43 Sangli - Ward No.43 1047 4925 2450 2475 0.5 0.45 9920 2109

44 Sangli - Ward No.44 902 4819 2421 2398 0.12 0.11 41775 7819

45 Sangli - Ward No.45 707 3947 1983 1964 0.13 0.12 29940 5363

46 Sangli - Ward No.46 1082 5036 2556 2480 0.16 0.14 30573 6569

47 Sangli - Ward No.47 1208 5117 2597 2520 0.12 0.11 42829 10111

48 Sangli - Ward No.48 899 4296 2208 2088 0.19 0.17 22265 4659

49 Sangli - Ward No.49 835 4574 2307 2267 0.22 0.20 21252 3880

50 Sangli - Ward No.50 695 3720 2012 1708 0.18 0.16 20696 3867

51 Sangli - Ward No.51 768 3977 1993 1984 0.48 0.43 8253 1593

52 Sangli - Ward No.52 1340 6458 3163 3295 0.27 0.24 23884 4956

53 Sangli - Ward No.53 2630 12875 6756 6119 1.17 1.05 11025 2252

54 Miraj - Ward No.54 1136 6089 3077 3012 0.15 0.13 40887 7628

55 Miraj - Ward No.55 1013 5793 3000 2793 0.1 0.09 59016 10320

56 Miraj - Ward No.56 629 4676 2367 2309 0.08 0.07 60161 8093

57 Miraj - Ward No.57 778 4652 2379 2273 0.07 0.06 63267 10581

58 Miraj - Ward No.58 1028 6091 3133 2958 0.11 0.10 56601 9553

59 Miraj - Ward No.59 896 5494 2797 2697 0.1 0.09 56387 9196

60 Miraj - Ward No.60 733 4439 2254 2185 0.06 0.05 79311 13096

61 Sangli - Ward No.61 1540 7097 3704 3393 0.87 0.78 8185 1776

62 Sangli - Ward No.62 1159 5867 2939 2928 0.15 0.13 40379 7977

63 Sangli - Ward No.63 917 4283 2111 2172 0.57 0.51 7555 1617

64 Sangli - Ward No.64 878 4221 2122 2099 0.13 0.12 31523 6557

65 Sangli - Ward No.65 876 4436 2235 2201 0.06 0.05 71694 14158

66 Sangli - Ward No.66 868 4628 2504 2124 0.25 0.22 18309 3434

67 Sangli - Ward No.67 820 4393 2232 2161 0.05 0.04 79932 14920

68 Sangli - Ward No.68 777 4210 2064 2146 0.06 0.05 74326 13717

69

Kupwad - Ward No.69

(Wanlesswadi) 1296 6202 3204 2998 2.73 2.44 2270 474

70 Budhgaon - Ward No.1 535 2772 1409 1363 4.03 3.61 688 133

71 Budhgaon - Ward No.2 637 2996 1597 1399 1.14 1.02 2625 558

72 Budhgaon - Ward No.3 515 3064 1768 1296 0.33 0.30 9257 1556

73 Budhgaon - Ward No.4 447 2050 1065 985 0.55 0.49 3744 816

74 Budhgaon - Ward No.5 494 2337 1189 1148 1.22 1.09 1921 406

75 Budhgaon - Ward No.6 305 1509 777 732 1.01 0.90 1501 303

76 Madhavnagar - Ward No.1 2240 10993 5658 5335 2.58 2.31 4253 867

Source: Census of India, Sangli District digital database

Chapter-V

Dynamics of Urban Landuse 214

Appendix-5.2 Landuse Details of Sangli-Miraj-Kupwad-Madhavnagar

Sangli

Landuse-1971 Proposed 1991 Landuse-2001 Change (+ / - ) 1971-2001

Landuse (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12)

1 Residential 241.75 34.58 11.70 1080.8 59.99 52.32 741.58 44.26 11.70 499.83 51.19 23.52

2 Trade and Commercial 48.35 6.92 2.34 55.71 3.09 2.70 68.39 4.08 2.34 20.04 2.05 0.94

3 Industrial 94.4 13.50 4.57 115.15 6.39 5.57 92.92 5.55 4.57 -1.48 -0.15 -0.07

4 Public and Semi Public 129.25 18.49 6.26 199.64 11.08 9.66 120.33 7.18 6.26 -8.92 -0.91 -0.42

5 Open Space, Park & Grounds 18 2.57 0.87 72.41 4.02 3.51 27.02 1.61 0.87 9.02 0.92 0.42

6 Cemetery, Public Utilities 3.85 0.55 0.19 3.85 0.21 0.19 30.75 1.84 0.19 26.90 2.75 1.27

7 Transport & communication 163.5 23.39 7.92 274.02 15.21 13.27 594.58 35.49 7.92 431.08 44.15 20.28

Total Developed Area 699.10 100 33.84 1801.58 100 87.22 1675.57 100 33.84 976.47 100 45.94

8 Agriculture 1163.05 56.31 234.37 11.35 2024.67 56.31 861.62 40.54

9 Water Bodies 29.65 1.44 29.65 1.44 20.48 1.44 -9.17 -0.43

10 Vacant Land 173.8 8.41 - - 470.28 8.41 296.48 13.95

Total Undeveloped Area 1366.5 66.16 264.02 12.78 2515.43 66.16 1148.93 54.06

Total Area 2065.6 100 2065.60 100 4191 100 2125.4 100

Miraj

Landuse-1971 Proposed-1994 Landuse-2001 Change (+ / - ) 1971-2001

Landuse (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12)

1 Residential 155 31.59 7.17 460.94 46.67 21.31 460.36 47.94 10.80 305.36 65.01 14.55

2 Trade and Commercial 20.2 4.12 0.93 21.4 2.17 0.99 21.7 2.26 0.51 1.5 0.32 0.07

3 Industrial 43.4 8.85 2.01 52 5.26 2.40 179.19 18.66 4.21 135.79 28.91 6.47

4 Public and Semi Public 48 9.78 2.22 91.8 9.29 4.24 165.81 17.27 3.89 117.81 25.08 5.62

5 Open Space, Park, & Grounds 4 0.82 0.18 44 4.45 2.03 3.21 0.33 0.08 -0.79 -0.17 -0.04

6 Cemetery, Public Utilities 2.6 0.05 0.12 2.6 0.26 0.12 17.62 1.83 0.41 15.02 3.20 0.72

7 Transport and communication 217.4 44.31 10.05 315 31.89 14.56 112.45 11.71 2.64 -104.95 -22.34 -5.00

Total Developed Area 490.6 100 22.68 987.74 100 45.67 960.35 100 22.54 469.74 100 22.39

8 Agriculture 1580 73.05 1156.86 53.48 2629.44 61.71 1049.44 50.02

9 Water Bodies 18.4 0.85 18.4 0.85 99.14 2.33 80.74 3.85

10 Vacant Land 74 3.42 - - 572.08 13.43 498.08 23.74

Total Undeveloped Area 1672.4 77.32 1175.26 54.33 3300.65 77.46 1628.26 77.61

Total Area 2163 100 2163.00 100 4261 100 2098 100

Chapter-V

Dynamics of Urban Landuse 215

Kupwad

Landuse-1973 Landuse-2001 Change (+ / - ) 1973-2001

Landuse (1) (2) (3) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12)

1 Residential 50 18.37 2.21 609.04 53.09 22.37 559.04 63.90 122.01

2 Trade and Commercial - - - 3.48 0.30 0.13 3.48 0.40 0.76

3 Industrial 20.07 7.37 0.89 8.74 0.76 0.32 -11.33 -1.30 -2.47

4 Public and Semi Public 148.58 54.57 6.56 178.62 15.57 6.56 30.04 3.43 6.56

5 Open Space, Park, & Grounds - - - 1.5 0.13 0.06 1.5 0.17 0.32

6 Cemetery, Public Utilities - - - 10.9 0.95 0.40 10.9 1.25 2.38

7 Transport and communication 53.6 19.69 2.37 334.86 29.19 12.30 281.26 32.15 61.39

Total Developed Area 272.25 100 12.03 1147.14 100 42.14 874.89 100 190.95

8 Agriculture 1545.7 68.28 775.68 28.50 -770.02 -168.06

9 Water Bodies 43.3 1.91 28.25 1.04 -15.05 -3.28

10 Vacant Land 402.58 17.78 770.93 28.32 368.35 80.40

Total Undeveloped Area 1991.58 87.97 1574.86 57.86 -416.72 -90.95

Total Area 2263.83 100 2722.00 100 458.17 0 100

Madhavnagar

Landuse-1973 Landuse-2001 Change (+ / - ) 1973-2001

Landuse (1) (2) (3) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12)

1 Residential 19.85 48.51 40.45

2 Trade and Commercial 2.39 5.84 4.87

3 Industrial 4.24 10.36 8.64

4 Public and Semi Public 1.72 4.20 3.51

5 Open Space, Park, & Grounds - - -

6 Cemetery, Public Utilities - - -

7 Transport and communication 12.72 31.09 25.92

Total Developed Area 40.92 100 83

8 Agriculture 6.28 12.80

9 Water Bodies - - -

10 Vacant Land 1.87 3.81

Total Undeveloped Area 8.15 16.61

Total Area 49.07 100

Source: Regional Planning Report, SMK Municipal Corporation Report (1) Area in Hectare (2) % to Total Developed Area (3) % to Total Municipal Area (4) Area in Hectare (5) % to Total Developed Area (6) % to Total Municipal Area (7) Area in Hectare (8) % to Total Developed Area (9) % to Total Municipal Area (10) Area in Hectare (11) % to Total Developed Area (12) % to Total Municipal Area

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