Iecon15 AMI

41st Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society

SMART METERING SYSTEM FOR MICROGRIDS

Emilio J. Palacios-García1, Yajuan Guan2, Mehdi Savaghebi2, Juan C. Vasquez2, Josep M. Guerrero2, Antonio Moreno-Munoz1,

Brian S. Ipsen3.

1 Department of Computer Architecture, Electronics and Electronic Technology, University of Cordoba, Spain

2 Department of Energy TechnologyAalborg University, Denmark

3 Kamstrup A/S, Denmark

[email protected]

05/02/2023 241st Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society

• Introduction

• System Overview

• Test Scenarios and Results

• Recent Work

• Conclusion

Outline


Conventional Electrical Meters:

Manual data collection One-way communication Energy Measurements

IntroductionTowards Smart Grid

ConventionalElectrical Meter

Collect Data manuallyCustomer Manual Billing

Smart Meter CommunicationInterface/protocolCustomer Gateway Communication

Interface/protocol

Datebase and Management system

Conventional Electrical Meters vs Smart Meters

Smart Meters:

Remote data collection Two-ways communication:

Advanced communications protocols: DLMS/COSEM, M-Bus. SML...

Advanced Measurements: Harmonic Distortion (THD) Voltage Unbalance and Variations Voltage Events (Sags and Swells)


IntroductionHierarchical Control Strategies

Tertiary Control

Secondary Control

Primary Control

Tim

e Pe

riod

↑

Current, Voltage inner loopsDroop Control

ω / V RestorationGrid Synchronization

Power Export/Import

Demand ResponseScheduling, EMS

hours

minutes

seconds

ms μs

days

Main goalIntegration of Smart Meters in the Control Hierarchy


System OverviewAalborg University Microgrid (MG) Lab

EthernetCommunication

DC Power Line

AC Power Line

Smart MetersSM

Each Workstation: 4 DC-AC converters LCL-Filters Two Kamstrup Smart Meters DSpace


System OverviewMGLab Workstations

2invi

2cv2outi

Load Lo

ad

1Lkgridk

1invk2invk3invk4invk

dcv

1:1

2Lk

dck

C4

1invi

1cv1outi

3invi

3cv3outi

302FC

gigv

4invi

4cv4outi

dSPACE 10061Inverter2Inverter3Inverter4Inverter

0 1000 ,80 ,80dc

RegatronV kW A

1oL

1iL

2oL

2iL

3oL

3iL

4oL

4iL

4C 3C 2C 1C

K 382L

K 351B

Kamstrup 351B: Industrial Smart Meter. Measures the total generating power (DG) Kamstrup 382L: Residential Smart Meter. Measures load consumtion (Home/Building)


System OverviewCommunication with Smart Meters

METERTOOL Kamstrup Software

DLMS/COSEM over Serial Optical Port

IEC 62056-21 over Optical Port

DLMS/COSEM over TCP/IP


Test Scenarios and ResultsWorkstation Configuration for the Tests

DC-AC Converter Voltage Source Inverter (VSI)

2 Loads: Load 1: 460 Ω, 50 mH per phase Load 2: 460 Ω per phase

2 Switches: Monitored Switches Controllable from Desktop PC

2 Smart Meters: Kamstrup 351B and 382L TCP/IP over Ethernet

1 Controller: dSPACE real time controller ControlDesk Interface


Test Scenarios and ResultsMeasurement Capabilities

Load Profile Log Both 351B and 382L Models 5 min to 60 min resolution A+/A-/R+/R- Depth in days (351B):

450 days 60min 1 variable 17 days 5 min 4 variables

Depth in days (382L): 2388 days 60min 1 variable 61 days 5 min 4 variables

Voltage Quality Log Both 351B and 382L Power Failures per phase Overvoltages and undervoltages Configurable thresholds

Analysis Log Only available in 382L Model 5 min to 60 min resolution Up to 16 variables and 520 days


Test Scenarios and ResultsScenario 1. Load Profile Measurement

Variables Active Power P+ Reactive Power Q+ Active Energy P+ Reactive Energy Q+

Resolution 5 minutes

Load Profile Monitoring Demand Response Load Scheduling EMS

Consumers Information Better demand predictions User feedback


Test Scenarios and ResultsScenario 2. Voltage Quality Events Detection

Three-phase voltages 5 minutes resolution

±10% Voltage tolerance

Voltage Quality logger is faster than the analysis logger

2 Events detected: Under voltage at 15:12:14 Voltage restoration at 15:41:51


Test Scenarios and ResultsScenario 3. Droop Control Monitoring

PkQkE

p

v

Droop Control Strategy

Droop Control: Primary Control Strategy P control by changing Frequency Q control by changing Voltage

Secondary Control: Voltage and Frequency Restoration

Power ActiveFrequency

Power ReactiveVoltage

P

QE

Smart Meters Variation longer than 5 min Voltage Quality Logger can be

configured (faster than analysis logger)

Check Control functionalities Detect failure in secondary control


Recent Work

SmartMeter

Energy Management System

DatabaseManagement

System

Forecasting Module

Scheduling and

Optimization

Radio MeshEN 13757-5

Data Concentrator

Transformer

Digital Control

PlatformPC

Set. 4

Transformer

Digital Control

PlatformPC

Set. 2

Transformer

Digital Control

PlatformPC

Set. 1

Transformer

Digital Control

PlatformPC

Set. 3

OMNIA

Wireless Communications Radio Mesh

Data Concentrator TCP/IP to PC

API and Database On Demand Reading Conventional Readings Historical records

Additional Modules Forecasting Scheduling

Water and District HeatingMeters Integration


Conclusions

• Benefits of Integrating Smart Metering Systems inside the electrical Grid: Bi-directional Communications Advanced Measurements (Not only energy, but also PQ) Tertiary Control

• Tested in three practical Scenarios: Load Profile Measurement

Demand Response (DR) and Load Scheduling techniques PQ Events Detection

Improve Supply Quality with Low Cost Droop Control Monitoring

Supervising and detecting functionalities of the Microgrid

• Recent Installation: Full AMI System Central Database System Integration of self developed modules for EMS

41st Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society

SMART METERING SYSTEM FOR MICROGRIDS

Thanks for your attention!Mehdi Savaghebi

[email protected] M. Guerrero

[email protected] [email protected]

Juan C. [email protected]

Emilio J. Palacios-Garcia

[email protected] Moreno-Munoz

[email protected] S. [email protected]

Industrial Electronics & Instrumentation

~~~

For Further Information:www.microgrid.et.aau.dk

www.meter.et.aau.dk

Iecon15 AMI

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