Idea
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On ideas
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Idea defined The intellectual image/representation
of a thing. The mental expression of an essence,
a product of simple apprehension, may be expressed in meaningful terms.
Building blocks of knowledge
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IDEOGENESIS: birth of an idea
EXTERNAL SENSES
• SIGHT (VISUAL) – eye:light/color
• SMELL (OLFACTORY) – nose: odor
• TASTE (GUSTATORY) – tongue: flavor
• HEARING (AUDITORY) – ears: sound
• TOUCH (TACTILE) – skin: texture, temperature, etc
INTERNAL SENSES
• COMMON SENSE• MEMORY• IMAGINATION• ESTIMATIVE
FACULTY
ABSTRACTION
• PHYSICAL• MATHEMATICAL• METAPHYSICAL
IDEA
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Properties (functions)
COMPREHENSION- The sum total of thought
elements/conceptual features that comprise an idea.
- Also known as CONNOTATION
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Comprehension
electronic devicedata
gathering
computer
Computer – electronic data gathering device
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Extension
Macbook Pro
HP Mininote
Acer Aspire
computer
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Properties (functions)
LOGICAL RULE:- THERE IS A REVERSE RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN COMPREHENSION AND EXTENSION- Greater Comprehension : Lesser Extension- Lesser Comprehension : Greater Extension
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Properties (functions)COMPREHENSION EXTENSION
Being Spirit, Mineral, Plant, Brute, Man
Corporeal Being Mineral, Plant, Brute, Man
Vegetative, Corporeal Being Plant, Brute, Man
Sentient, Vegetative, Corporeal Being
Brute, Man
Sentient, Vegetative, Corporeal, Rational Being
Man
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Types: accdg. to Comprehension
Simple and Compound (STRUCTURE)
SIMPLE – expresses a single conceptual feature, applicable to all if not most
BEING, EXISTENCE COMPOUND – expresses several conceptual elements/features
MAN – rational animalCOMPUTER – electronic processing device.
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One and Multiple (GENERAL VIEW)ONE – expresses one thing, nature or formal feature
MAN, HOUSE
MULTIPLE – expresses explicitly a thing as modified by another thing.
POOR MANTHREE STOREY HOUSE
Types: accdg. to Comprehension
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Concrete and Abstract (SUBJECT)
CONCRETE – with a subjectmetaphysical– reality (hunger)physical– physiological (itch)
ABSTRACT – expresses only a nature or a formal feature without a subject.
justice, religiosity
Types: accdg. to Comprehension
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Types: accdg. to Comprehension
Absolute and Relative (BY RELATION TO ANOTHER COMPREHENSION)
ABSOLUTE – exists in itself and for itselfman, animal, minerals
RELATIVE – necessarily bears a relation to something else.
substitute teacher, vice-president
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Types: accdg. to ExtensionSINGULAR - applies to a single member of a class
The President of the Republic of the Philippines
Diamond – the hardest mineral
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Types: accdg. to ExtensionUNIVERSAL - applies individually to all members of a class
Car (all applicable to SUV, Sedan)Wine (all applicable to Merlot,
Chardonnay, Shiraz)
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Types: accdg. to ExtensionPARTICULAR - applies to some members of a class
Half a dozenQuarter of a century
Several ladiesFew devotees
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Types: accdg. to ExtensionCOLLECTIVE - applies to a all members of a class counted as one.
UST Philets Batch 1968Thomasians
Christendom
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Types: accdg. to ExtensionTRANSCENDENTAL - applies to all members of all classes
BeingTruth
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Types: accdg. to RelationIDENTICAL and EQUIVALENT(refer to same objects)
Identical – same conceptual features3 + 2 and 2 + 3 God = Absolute Being
Equivalent – different conceptual features
5 X 1 and 4 + 1Salt and NaCl
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Types: accdg. to RelationPERTINENT and IMPERTINENT(refer to different but related objects)
Pertinent – somehow related to each otherFreedom and ResponsibilityFood and Drinks
Impertinent – neither related nor opposed to each other
Toothpaste and RoosterLove and Clearwater
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Types: accdg. to RelationCOMPATIBLE and INCOMPATIBLE
Compatible – with features that may exist in a subject
Beauty and IntelligenceFaith and Reason
Incompatible – with features that may not coexist in a subject
Square and Circle (in one figure)Darkness and Light (in one space)
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Types: accdg. to RelationTYPES OF INCOMPATIBLE CONCEPTS: Contradictory – negation
Black – Non-blackOpen – Non-opened
Contrary – oppositionBlack – White (extreme opposites)Open - Closed
Privative – absenceSight – Blindness (absence of
sight) Correlative – complementariness
Man - Woman
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Types: accdg. to RelationRule for Contradictory ideas:
If one is TRUE, the other is FALSE and vice-versa.
The shirt is black. (True)The shirt is non-black. (False)
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Types: accdg. to RelationRule for Contrary ideas:
If one is TRUE, the other is FALSE but not vice-versa. (If one is FALSE, the
other is DOUBTFUL)
The shirt is black. (True)The shirt is non-black. (False)
The shirt is black. (False)The shirt is white. (Doubtful, it could be
red)
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E
DN