How the Supergrid Really Will Be Built
Transcript of How the Supergrid Really Will Be Built
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HOW THE SUPERGRID IS
REALLY GOING TO BE
BUILT INPUTS SESSION 0930HRS
TUESDAY 17 MARCH, 2009
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Chairpersons
Mr Brendan Halligan Sustainable Energy Ireland
and
Mr Jost deJager State Secretary of the Ministry of Economical Affairs of
Schleswig-Holstein / Germany
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Mr Matthias Machnig
State Secretary of the Federal Ministry forthe Environment / Germany
- Offshore Wind Development in Germany
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Mr Brian Hurley
Wind Site Evaluation Ltd.
- Offshore Wind Resources in Europe
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Wind energy in lower 1km of atmosphere
Smil gives a figure, 3.8 x 1022 J, for the annual flux
for the winds in the atmosphere below a height of
1km. He puts the maximum convertible at 3.8 x
1022J or 1.1 x 106 TWh.
Ref: Smil, Vaclav. Inherent Limits of Renewable Energies. 2004
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Potential TW
Area considered with 5MW/Km2
North Atlantic East of longitude 300, North to latitude800, and South to latitude 360, East to longitude 300:
35.7TW
Mediterranean Sea: 12.5TW
Total 48.2TW
or48,200,000MW
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Offshore Wind Resource Estimate
Area considered with 5MW/Km2
North Atlantic East of longitude 300, North to
latitude 800
, and South to latitude 360
, East tolongitude 300: 133,000TWh
Mediterranean Sea: 28,000TWh
Total 161,000TWh
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Europes Electricity Demand
EU25 Final Demand of 2500 TWh (2004)
Total Offshore Resource: 161,000TWh
64 times the demand is available offshore
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Mr Gunnar Asplund
ABB
- HVDC Supergrid - Technology and Costs
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To bring the power to the consumers by electric
transmissionAC versus HVDC transmission
0 200 400 600 800 10000
500
1000
1500
PowerinMW
.
Overhead lines
Cables
400 kV
AC line
320 kV
DC line
Three 400 kV
AC cables
Two 320 kVDC cables
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Power and Voltage - present situation
HVDC with OH lines
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000
HVDC
with
extruded
cable
HVDC
with sea cables
Power in MW
Udc
in kV
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
0
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Estlink
2006, 350 MW
Murraylink
2002, 220 MW
Directlink
2000,3X60 MW
Gotland
1999, 50 MW
Tjreborg
2000,7 MW
Eagle Pass
2000, 36MW
Mosel
2000, 38 MVAr
Hagfors
1999, 22 MVAr
Polarit
2003, 164 MVA
Troll
2004,2X40 MW
Evron
2003, 16 MVAr
Hllsjn
1997, 3 MW
Legend:
Valhall
2009,75 MWNORD E.ON 1
2009,400 MW
Caprivi2009,300 MW
Projects based on HVDC/SVC Light Technology
HVDC Light
SVC Ligh t
Cross Sound
2002, 330 MW
Holly
2004, 95 MVAr
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HVDC in Germany - Offshore windE.ON Netz, Borkum 2, 400 MW HVDC Light
75 km land cable
128 km sea cable
400 MW offshoreconverter
400 MW converter
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Europe 20XX Scenario
Solar
700 GW
8000 km sq90 x 90 km
Wind
300 GW
25 000 km sq
5000 x 10 km
Hydro
200 GW
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Cost example of a Supergrid
Distance north-south 2000 km
Distance east-west 1500 km
Mesh size 300 km
Number of sea wind stations 7
Number of land solar stations 6
Number of land receiving stations 13Power per station 2000 MW
Subsea cable length 6700 km
Overhead line length 9000 km
Underground cable length 6800 km
Supergrid cost 26 % 1)
1) Reference is the cost of solar and wind generation
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Mr Joe Corbett
Mainstream Renewable Power
- Detailed Design of the Supernode
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Supernode Concept
SUPERNODE CONCEPT
400kV
2 x 500MW2 x 500MW
2 x 500MW2 x 500MW
Converter Station
2.4GW
2.4GW
2.4GW
2.4GW
320kV
320kV
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Mainstream Renewable Powers Plan
Supernode 1
Supernode 2
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SUPERNODE 1
North
Supernode 2
2 x 500MW2 x 500MW
2 x 500MW2 x 500MW
RTW 400kV
National
Grid400kV
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SUPERNODE 2
500MW 500MW
GERMANY
380kV
Supernode 1
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Cost Comparisons
Project
Installed Capital
Cost (M)
Capacity
Offshore Wind(MW)
Capacity Trade
(MW)
Average
Capacity Factor Annual GWh
Cost / Annual
Energy
Transmitted(/MWh)
NorNed
600 0 700 80% 4,905 122
MRP I
2,974 2,000 4,000 47% 24,528 121
MRP II
3,036 4,000 4,000 60% 31,536 96
MRP III
3,648 5,000 4,000 73% 38,544 95
MRP IV3,648 6,000 4,000 80% 42,048 87
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Cost Comparison Chart
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
NorNed MRP I MRP II MRP III MRP IV
Cost Comparison
Cost / Annual MWh (/MWh)
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Mr Fenno Leeuwerke
Hochtief Construction
- Building at Sea and 3rd Generation of Ships
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First Generation of Equipment
Civil Construction Jack-ups
Accommodation Jack-ups inoffshore wind
Project Load 1500
to
Crane Capacity
300 to
400 to
nacelle
approx. 150
to
85 m
135 to
200 to
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Second Generation of Equipment
Second Generation Jack-ups in
offshore wind
Crane Capacity
500 to
Project Load 2500
to
300 - 600 to
nacelle
approx. 150
- 430 to
120 m
200 to
200 to
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Third Generation of Equipment
Offshore wind Jack-ups100 m
400 tons
nacelle approx.
100 tons
Project Load7000 10 000 to
Crane Capacity
1 000 to
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What Next
- Gravity base
- Floating
- Robust
- Reliable
- Redundend
- Optimized cycle times/logistics
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Mr Herbert Peels
2-B Energy
- A New Design for Offshore Wind
Power Plant
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2-B Energy
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Background
2-B was founded early 2007 by M. Jakobsson and H. Peels
2-B team has extensive experience in wind energy
(GE/Enron/Shell/Siemens)
Shareholders of 2-B: Mainstream Renewable Power/P.
Mouratoglou/Truffle
Goals
Introduction of new, clean sheet dedicated offshore powerplant concept with lower cost of energy
Aim for large scale projects further out to sea
First prototype to be installed 2010
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Offshore consideration in 2-B design
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Cost of energy
Consequential downtime
No/limited noise requirements
Project size utility scale
No/limited visual impact
Deep(er) waters
Access-ability
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2-B Principles and Values
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Significant reduction of COE and risk through:
Reduction of no of components
Reduction of material consumption
Building on HVDC functionality
Off the shelf components
Leading key supply chain engaged
Simplification of installation and O&M
Longer life on all structural components
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2-B Technology
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2-B design key features:
Full jacket structure 2 bladed concept
6 MW generator
130 m diameter
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2-B Technology
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Project life cycle and operational concept:
Power plant life cycle for structural
components
Planned overhaul principle
New replacement strategies for
gearbox and other components
Electrical system:
Simplified HV generation concept
AC WTG collection grid system
Central transformers for WTG groups
More resilient grid configuration
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2-B continued..
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Q&A
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HOW THE SUPERGRID IS
REALLY GOING TO BE
BUILT OUTPUTS SESSION 1100HRS
TUESDAY 17 MARCH, 2009
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Ms Liz McRobb
Shepherd and Wedderburn
- Regulatory Issues
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Making Supergrid happen problems,
barriers, hurdles?
2020 targets a real time of opportunity
Trans European energy networks
2006 TEN-E Guidelines and Priority Interconnection Plan
Appointment of European Co-ordinators a four year
mandate to achieve change
Connection to offshore wind power in Northern Europe
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Making Supergrid happen problems,
barriers, hurdles?
Changes to EU legislation to shorten the
authorisation process
Balancing of environmental concerns with strategic
2020 targets
Tackling fragmentation at a practical level
UK consenting developments what lessons will we
learn?
What can MS do now to support the EU initiative?
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Making Supergrid happen problems,
barriers, hurdles?
Many success stories over time from bilateral links
Regulatory framework has fostered investment and
third party access
TSOs increasingly experienced at joint venturing
Multi-lateral success stories as well
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Making Supergrid happen so where
could we start?
Speed of development for grid is critical to 2020
MS have their individual headaches
UK position for grid to support Round 3
Prioritising multilateral collaboration is key
Using EU enhanced co-operation
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Mr Adam Bruce
Mainstream Renewable Power
- Regulatory Issues Part 2 and Governance
(OTSO)
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Delivering Supergrid The Regulatory Process
A European project at scale Cross-border trade and infrastructure
Multilateral regulation
Not just point-to-point connection
Enhanced Co-operation
An existing framework
A process that works
Allows for fast-tracking
EU Offshore
TransmissionOperator
OTSO
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Supergrid Governance
EUInstitutions
OTSOBoard
OTSOExecutive
Supergrid
Enhanced Co-
operationEU Octet marine
energy member states
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Supergrid Governance
The regulatory process for delivering Supergrid
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Supergrid Governance
EU Institutions
EU Energy policy
Supergrid Charter
OTSO Board
National Governments
National TSOs andappointees
Commission appointee
OTSO Executive
What to build
Where to build
When to build
Supergrid Charter
Purposes:
Security of supply
Eliminate GHGs
Create free market in electricity
Ensure competitiveness
OTSO Board
Purposes:
Governance
Sets policy
Project approvals
Raises finance
Supergrid
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Mr Fintan Whelan
Mainstream Renewable Power
- Investment Opportunities, Risks and
Incentivisation
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Incentives
Risk
Opportunities
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Energy Consumers,Taxpayers,Voters
Government as Proxy/Agent
Robust Demand for
Renewable Energy Generation
Way of Life, Development,Competitiveness
SUSTAINABILITY
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Human & Financial Capital
Incentives in PlaceRisks Allocated/Mitigated/Managed
Supply Chain Capacity & Integration
Reliable Supply of
Renewable Energy
Opportunities:
Risks/Returns
SUSTAINABILITY
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Key Themes
Risk: Mutual Reduction in Uncertainty
Incentives : Support is not one-way, it is a Quid Pro Quo
Opportunity : Integrate Supply Chain to Secure Capacity
and Provide Line of Sight to End Game
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Mr Andreas Wagner
German Offshore Wind Energy Foundation
- New Employment Opportunities with
Offshore Wind Energy
Stiftung OFFSHORE WINDENERGIE
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Stiftung OFFSHORE-WINDENERGIE
Voice of the German offshore wind energy sector
Created in 2005 Acquired permits for alpha ventus in 2005 - lease to DOTI in Dec. 06
Communication platform for politics, industry, R/D, business & finance
PR and mediation activities to overcome obstacles
Promoting public acceptance (e.g. POWER Cluster)
Initiates and contributes to R/D initiatives (e.g. RAVE, WINDSPEED)
Offshore Wind in Germany starting to take off
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Offshore Wind in Germany starting to take-off
Huge potential in the medium/longer run (by 2030)
Can generate up to 15% of German electricity consumption
85-100 TWh (25.000 MW) New employment opportunities, mainly along the German coast,
20,00030,000 direct and indirectjobs,
Total investment 75-100 billion Euro
Strong in (environmental) R/D, turbine technology (Multi-MW),
engineeringBUT
Challenging external conditions (distance to shore, water depth,economics, infrastructure & logistics, technology solutions, O&M,grid connection and integration issues w ith regulator and TSOs)
Industrial cross-border Co-operation needed emerging with UK, N, NLCo-operation on environmental R/D with Dk and S since 2007
HR issues, Training & Qualification
Spatial Planning/Permitting
Finance
Just a beginning
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Just a beginning 400-500 Mio. Investments in NW-Germany2000-3000 new jobs and more to come
Source: wab
Emden/Bremen
Nordenham
Cables
Bremerhaven
OFFSHORE-BASISCUXHAVEN
Bremerhaven
250 Mio
Offshore Wind in Europe
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Offshore Wind in Europe
BGP - Beyond Gas and Petroleum
Starting with 20-40 GW Offshore Wind by 2020 600 new wind turbines (5 MW each) per year means new jobs in:
- Turbine and component assembly,
- Offshore foundations,
- Electrical infrastructure (cables),
- Offshore installation and logistics- O&M, Training offshore personnel, etc.
New Offshore infrastructure is required at coastal sites across
Europe Compensating for decline in traditional maritime sectors
(e.g. shipyards, European O&G industry, etc.)
Electrical Offshore Infrastructure New Opportunities for cablemanufacturers, the steel industry (transformer stations), and
maritime logistics
Source: Delivering Offshore Wind Power in Europe (EWEA, 2008)
Offshore Wind in Europe the new Job Machine
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Offshore Wind in Europe - the new Job Machine
35 GW Offshore Wind can generate up to half of all employment
in the wind sector by 2020 150,000 (!) new jobs created by Offshore Wind in 2020
Source: Wind at Work (EWEA, 2009)
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Ready for Taking-Off!?
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Mr Michael McElhinney
Scottish Government
- Connecting Northern Europe.
A Scottish Perspective
The Window of Opportunity
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The Window of Opportunity
The EU policy landscape: Strategic Energy Review
UK policy landscape: UK Climate Change Bill,
Transmission Access Review,
Links with Ofgem and National Grid,
Crown Estate leasing of offshore renewable generation sites.
Scottish policy landscape: Responsive and stable regulatory regime e.g. Marine Bill,
Climate Change Bill,
National Planning Framework,
Streamlined consenting for renewables projects.
Current financial cl imate: EU & Scottish Economic Recovery Plans:
Renewable energy as a driver of recovery.
Developing Offshore Grid
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Developing Offshore Grid
Existing studies North Sea and Irish Sea
Proven capacity and capability on and offshore
Strong on innovation R&D and the Saltire Prize
1st class test and demonstration facilities:
Beatrice Offshore Wind Demonstrator and EMEC.
Working closely with industry and academia on developing technology
2007 - 20% of electricity consumed in Scotland came from renewable sources
5.5 GW renewables capacity installed, consented and under construction more than our 2011 target of 31% of electricity demand from renewables.
Our National Planning Framework identifies priorities for energy, encouragesdevelopment of renewables and North Sea offshore grid.
And keen to do more.
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SK 1,2,3
NorNed
SK 4
NORD.LINK / NorGer
Ekofisk
Windpark
New interconnectors
wi ll use VSC HVDC
technology
Cable capacity from
Norway ~ 6000 MW
Included transit thru
Sweden~10000MW
Standardisation
Cooperation
CoordinationHydro
Reservoirs for
balancing
?
?
?
In operation
Early planning
Evaluation
Connectionplatform
Windpark
Proposed European modular development
Accommodating Increased Volume
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g
of Renewables from ScotlandUK and Scottish Government, Ofgem
and transmission licensees work to
identify transmission reinforcements tosupport the delivery of UK renewable
energy targets including onshore and
offshore reinforcement in Scotland.
Outcomes of this work Vision 2020
published on 4th March.
HVDC cable from Hunterston Deeside (circ 1.8GW)
HVDC cable from Peterhead toHumberside (circ 1.8GW)
HVDC circuit
Re-conductor or re-insulate
existing OHL route
Series compensation
Accommodates ~11.4GW of
renewables in the north of Scotland
Transmission Development Overview
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Transmission Development Overview
New HVDC circuit
Re-conductor or re-
insulate on existing towersFull re-build or new-build
double circuit overhead line
New AC subsea cable
Series compensation
equipment in existing
substation compounds
Norway
Early instance of multiple HVDCterminals will occur in Scotland
(AND potential for HVDC link withNorway given that the shortest
route option is to Peterhead)
Fundamental power systemsplanning, operation and control
issues associated with aconcentration of multiple HVDC
terminals
Understanding and resolution isrequired for Scotland, but will also
be key to realisation of any wider
vision for North Sea renewablesreliant on HVDC transmission.
HVDC in Scotland provides an invaluable test
case towards a wider pan-European grid
Future thinking North Sea Grid Post 2020
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Future thinking North Sea Grid Post 2020
Needs
Vision
Commitment
Commercialisation
Investment
Reward
Regulation
Collaboration
SK 1,2,3
NorNed
SK 4
NORD.LINK / NorGer
Ekofisk
Windpark
Proposed European modular development
Standardisation
Cooperation
Coordination
Hydro
Reservoirs
for balancing
North SeaGrid
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Dr Eddie OConnor
Mainstream Renewable Power
- Wrap Up and Q&A
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Q&A