chapter K

Agriculture

K 1-328. General note.

Basic statistics on agriculture are, for the most part, pre

pared by the Bureau of the Census which conducts the Census

of Agriculture, and by the Agricultural Marketing Service

and the Agricultural Research Service which prepare current

estimates.

Annual agricultural statistics have been issued by the

Department of Agriculture since May 1, 1863. Statistics com

piled by the Agricultural Marketing Service on crops, live

stock and livestock products, agricultural prices, farm employ

ment, and related subjects are based mainly on data obtained

by mail from nearly three-quarters of a million reporters,

mostly farmers. They are located in every agricultural county

in the United States and report on one or more items during

a year.

Beginning with 1840, a Census of Agriculture has been taken

every 10 years and, beginning in 1925, a middecade Census

of Agriculture has also been taken. Census information is

obtained by a personal canvass of individual farms. The first

census was limited in scope. It included such items as an

inventory of the principal classes of domestic animals, the

production of wool, the value of poultry, the value of dairy

products, and the production of principal crops. The num

ber of farms and the acreage and value of farmland were

first included in 1850 and in 1880 information on farm tenure

was first secured. A detailed classification of farmland ac

cording to use was first obtained in 1925; in earlier censuses,

farmland was classified only as improved land, woodland, and

other unimproved land (see chapter J). For brief discussions

of the comparability of various agricultural data, census to

census, see Bureau of the Census, U.S. Census of Agriculture:

195U, vol. II.

For each decade from 1840 through 1900, the Census of

Agriculture was taken as of June 1. The five decennial cen

suses since then have been taken as of April 15, 1910; January

1, 1920; April 1, 1930, 1940, and 1950. The 1925, 1935, and

1945 quinquennial Censuses of Agriculture were taken as of

January 1 ; the 1954 Census was taken in October and No

vember.

The definition of a farm has varied as follows from census

to census:

For the 1954 Census of Agriculture, places of 3 or more

acres were counted as farms if the annual value of agricultural

products for sale or home use (exclusive of home-garden prod

ucts) amounted to $150 or more. Places of less than 3 acres

were counted as farms only if the annual value of sales of

agricultural products amounted to $150 or more. Places for

which the value of agricultural products for 1954 was less

than these minima because of crop failure or other unusual

conditions and places operated for the first time in 1954 were

counted as farms if normally they could be expected to pro

duce these minimum quantities of agricultural products.

If a place had croppers or other tenants, the land assigned

each one was considered a separate farm, even though the

landlord handled the entire holding as one operating unit in

respect to supervision, equipment, rotation practice, purchase

of supplies, or sale of products. Land retained by the land

lord and worked by him with the help of his family and/or

hired labor was likewise considered a farm.

For the 1950 Census of Agriculture, the definition of a farm

was the same as for 1954. For the 1945 and earlier cen

suses, the definition of a farm was somewhat more inclusive.

For 1925-1945, farms included (1) places of 3 or more acres

on which there were agricultural operations and (2) places

of less than 3 acres if the agricultural products for home use

or for sale were valued at $250 or more. The only reports

excluded from the 1925-1940 tabulations were those taken in

error and those with very limited agricultural production, such

as only a small home garden, a few fruit trees, a very small

flock of chickens, etc. In 1945, reports for places of 3 acres

or more with limited agricultural operations were retained

only if (1) there were 3 or more acres of cropland and pasture

or (2) the value of products in 1944 amounted to $150 or more.

The definition of a farm in the 1910 and 1920 Censuses

was similar to that used from 1925 to 1940 but was even

more inclusive. In those years, farms of less than 3 acres

with products valued at less than $250 were to be included

provided they required the continuous services of at least one

person. In 1900, there were no acreage or production limits.

Market, truck, and fruit gardens, orchards, nurseries, cran

berry marshes, greenhouses, and city dairies were to be in

cluded provided the entire time of at least one person was

devoted to their care. For 1870, 1880, and 1890, no tract

of less than 3 acres was to be reported as a farm unless $500

worth of produce was sold from it during the year. For 1860,

no definition was given the enumerators. For 1850, no acre

age qualification was given, but there was a lower limit of

$100 for value of products.

K 1. Number of farms, 1850-1957.

Source: 1850-1900, Bureau of the Census, I7.S. Census of

Agriculture : 195U, vol. II, p. 4; 1910-1956, Agricultural Market

ing Service, Number of Farms, by States, 1910-1956 (revised

estimates), November 1957; 1957, "Number of Farms, by

States, 1957" (mimeographed release), February 1958.

For 1910-1957, figures are adjusted estimates that are not

exactly comparable with earlier data. Estimates for census

years were adjusted for underenumeration and for changes in

definition of a farm; estimates for intercensal years are based

on trend and on indications of change in acreage and livestock

surveys, in annual assessors' censuses in a number of States,

in Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation records, and in

other miscellaneous verifying data.

K 2. Land in farms, 1850-1954.

Source: Census years, Bureau of the Census, Censuses of

Agriculture, various reports; intercensal years, Department of

Agriculture, records (data obtained by straight-line interpo

lations).

Information on farmland values in scattered local areas is

referred to by P. W. Bidwell and J. I. Falconer, History of

Agriculture in the Northern United States, 1620-1860, pp.

70-71, 242, and 328. Similar information for Southern States

is found in L. C. Gray, History of Agriculture in the Southern

257

K 3-52 AGRICULTURE

United States to 1860, vol. I, pp. 403-406, and vol. II, pp.

640-645.

K 3. Total value of selected items of farm property, 1850-

1957.

Source: Agricultural Research Service, Balance Sheet of

Agriculture, annual issues.

Current market values of farm real estate, machinery and

equipment, and livestock are combined in this series. Esti

mates of the value of farm real estate are based upon census

reports and the annual index of farm real estate values, as

described in series K 7. Inventory values for machinery and

equipment and for livestock are based in part on census re

ports and supplemental estimates made by the Agricultural

Marketing' Service. A description of the estimates relating

to machinery and equipment appears in Major Statistical Series

of the US. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook

No. 118, vol. 3.

K 4-5. Value of farmland and buildings, 1850-1957.

Source: Agricultural Research Service, Current Develop

ments in the Farm Real Estate Market, various issues.

Data for years 1850-1910, 1920, 1925, 1930, 1940, 1950, and

1954 are from Census of Agriculture reports; figures for all

other years are estimates derived by applying the change in

the index of average value of land and buildings per acre to

these census benchmarks, recognizing1 changes in acres of

land in farms. All farm operators were asked to estimate

the market value of their farms in each census from 1850

through 1945. In the 1950 and 1954 Censuses, data were

obtained from all large farms and from a 20-percent sample

of other farms.

Average value of land and buildings per acre is obtained

by dividing the total value shown by the acres of land in

farms, using unrounded data.

K 6. Total value of farm buildings, 1900-1957.

Source : See source for series K 4-5.

Data for 1900, 1910, 1920, 1925, 1930, and 1940 are from

Censuses of Agriculture. Annual estimates since 1940 are

extrapolations from this date based upon estimates of the

market value of land with and without improvements obtained

from the regular crop reporters of the Department of Agri

culture. The average value per acre of unimproved land

(without buildings) is expressed as a percentage of the value

of improved land (with buildings) and converted to an index

with 1940 as 100. This index is then applied to a comparable

ratio obtained from the 1940 Census. Aggregate dollar values

of buildings are obtained by applying the projected ratios for

each State (buildings as a percentage of land and buildings)

to the annual estimates of the total value of farm real estate

mentioned in text for series K 3. The resulting dollar estimates

reflect the amount added to the market value of farmland by

buildings. They bear no direct relationship to the value of

buildings that would be derived by applying the cost-less-

depreciation principle to building valuation.

K 7. Index of average value of farm real estate per acre,

1912-1957.

Source : See source for series K 4-5.

See also Major Statistical Series of the U.S. Department of

Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook No. 118, vol. 6, for a more

complete description of methods used and limitations.

This index, which is available also by States, is designed

to measure changes in the market value of farm real estate,

including land, buildings, and such other permanent improve

ments as are customarily included when farms are sold. The

index is constructed from estimates of average value of farm

real estate per acre obtained from the regular crop reporters

of the Department of Agriculture. It is not based upon the

value of farm real estate obtained in the census. Between

15,000 and 20,000 reporters supply estimates of the market

value of farms per acre in their localities as of March 1,

July 1, and November 1. Although they undoubtedly base

their estimates in part upon actual sales, no sales data are

used directly in computing the index. Averages for crop-

reporting districts are weighted by acres of land in farms as

taken from the 1945 and 1950 Censuses to obtain weighted

State averages which are, in turn, weighted by acres of land

in farms to obtain regional and national averages. The

weighted dollar values per acre are then expressed as index

numbers.

K 8-52. Farms, by color and tenure of operator, and acreage

and value, by tenure of operator, 1880-1954.

Source: Bureau of the Census, U.S. Census of Agriculture:

1954, vol. II, pp. 954-959.

Data on farm-operator status was not obtained until the

Census of 1880. Studies of land tenure before 1860 are based,

necessarily, upon fragments of information. See Bidwell and

Falconer's History of Agriculture . . ., and Gray's History of

Agriculture . . . (see text for series K 2).

The 1900 Census of Agriculture covered the ownership of

rented farms, with particular reference to absentee owner

ship and the concentration of ownership. On a sample basis,

the Department of Agriculture made a study of ownership of

rented farms in 1920; the results were published as Bulletins

1432 and 1433. The Bureau of the Census and Department

of Agriculture cooperated on sample surveys in 1945, 1950,

and 1954 which were designed to show the portion of all

farmland owned by each major class of owner. The results

of these studies are published in Department of Agriculture,

Agricultural Economics Research, vol. V, No. 4, 1953, and in

Agricultural Research Service and Bureau of the Census,

Graphic Summary of Tenure, 1954. A complete study of farm

land ownership in the United States was made in 1945 and

published as Department of Agriculture, Miscellaneous Publi

cation No. 699.

In 1916, the Bureau of the Census published Plantation

Farming in the United States from a 1910 Census study

of plantations in 325 selected counties in 11 Southern States.

In the selected plantation area, 39,073 plantations were^ report

ed as having 5 or more tenants. Another study of plantations

was made in connection with the 1940 Census, but the results

have not been published. In 1947, the Bureau of the Census

published Multiple Unit Operations from a study made in con

nection with the 1945 Census of Agriculture. The Bureau

has also published volumes on multiple unit operations from

the 1950 and 1954 Censuses of Agriculture. In 1924, the

Bureau of Agricultural Economics issued Department Bulletin

1269, the results of a study by C. O. Brannen, Relation of

Land Tenure to Plantation Organization.

For the Censuses of 1880 and 1890 only the number of farms

was classified by tenure. Classifications by the color of the

farm operator and crossclassifications by color and tenure were

first made in the Census of 1900.

A farm operator, according to the Census definition, is a

person who operates a farm, either performing the labor him

self or directly supervising it. The Census definition of a

farm is based on operating units, rather than ownership tracts.

A farm may consist of a number of separate tracts held under

different tenures, some owned and some rented. Similarly,

when a landowner has several tenants, renters, or croppers,

the land operated by each is considered a separate farm.

Therefore, the number of farm operators, for all practical

258

MORTGAGED FARMS—FARM EMPLOYMENT K 53-75

purposes, is identical with the number of farms (series K 8)

and these items are used interchangeably.

In the color classification of farm operators, Mexicans are

reported as white. The nonwhite group includes Negroes, In

dians, Chinese, Japanese, and other nonwhite races.

Each farm was classified according to the tenure under

which the operator controlled the land. Land was considered

owned if the operator or his wife held it under title, homestead

law, purchase contract, or as one of the heirs or as trustee of

an undivided estate. If both an owned and a rented tract

were farmed by the same operator, these were to be con

sidered as one farm even though the tracts were not con

tiguous and each was locally called a farm. Farm operators

were classified as (o) full owners who own all the land they

operate; (6) part owners who own a part and rent from

others the rest of the land they operate; (c) managers who

operate farms for others and receive wages or salaries for

their services (persons acting merely as caretakers or hired

laborers were not classed as managers, and farms operated

for institutions or corporations were considered to be man

aged even where no person was specifically indicated as being

employed as the farm manager) ; (d) tenants who operate

hired or rented land only. Croppers are share tenants to

whom landlords furnish all of the work animals or tractor

power in lieu of work animals. Croppers were first classified

separately in the 1920 Census.

In the 1920, 1925, and 1930 Censuses, croppers were defined

as share tenants whose landlords furnished the work animals.

The 1935 Census schedule carried no inquiry on the method

of paying rent and, therefore, croppers for that year included

all tenants whose landlords furnished the work animals. The

furnishing of tractor power was not taken into account in

classifying croppers until the 1940 Census.

The greatest difficulties in making a classification by tenure

result from the sharecropper system. Briefly, the question

involved is whether the sharecropper should be considered

merely a type of laborer or a farm operator. In reality, crop

pers have some of the characteristics of both laborers and

tenants.

K 53-60. Number, acreage, value, and amount of indebtedness

of mortgaged farms, by tenure of operator, 1930-1956.

Source: Bureau of the Census and Agricultural Research

Service, US. Census of Agriculture: 1954, vol. Ill, pt. 5.

Information on the number of mortgaged farms has been

collected by both the Bureau of the Census and the Agricul

tural Research Service. Generally speaking, such data have

been published with the data on amount of debt in census

years, except in 1900 when no information on amount of debt

was obtained. For a historical summary and an analysis of

the data on number of mortgaged owner-operated farms for

1890-1935, see "Number and Percentage of Farms Under

Mortgage," Agricultural Finance Review, vol. 1, No. 2, No

vember 1938. The source cited above also includes State data

on the number of mortgaged farms in each tenure class for

1940, 1945, 1950, and 1956.

Farm-mortgage debt includes the unpaid principal of mort

gages, deeds of trust, sales contracts, vendors' liens, and all

other debt for which farm real estate is pledged as security.

Any farm which has a real estate mortgage is classified as

a mortgaged farm even though only a portion of it is mort

gaged.

These estimates are based on information obtained in the

Census of Agriculture for owner-operated farms, mail sur

veys of samples of farm owners (including both operators

and landlords), and reports from farm-mortgage lenders.

For each of the years shown, mortgage information was

obtained from full-owner farm operators in the Census of Agri

culture. Similar information was obtained by the Bureau of

the Census for part owners for 1940, 1945, 1950, and 1956.

This information was supplemented by data obtained in mail

surveys for land operated by part owners, tenants, and mana

gers. The 1930 mail survey was conducted by the Bureau of

Agricultural Economics. Later surveys were cooperative un

dertakings of the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of

Agricultural Economics or the Agricultural Research Service.

For information by States and geographic divisions and de

scriptions of procedures, see the source cited, and US. Census

of Agriculture: 1950, vol. V, pt. 8.

See also text for series K 8-52 for definition of tenure.

K 61-72. Farms and land in farms, by size of farm, 1880-

1954.

Source: Bureau of the Census, US. Census of Agriculture:

195A, vol. II, pp. 352-354.

See general note for series K 1-364 for changes in defini

tion of farm.

Since 1920, farms of 10 to 99 acres have shown a marked

decrease, farms of 100 to 259 acres a slight decrease, and

farms from 260 to 1,000 acres and over some increase. The

greater number of very large farms does not mean that family

farms are decreasing in relative importance. Rapid advances

in technology have enabled a given family labor force to farm

larger acreages.

With the development of better roads and more off-farm job

opportunities, farms of less than 10 acres increased in num

ber between 1940 and 1945, then decreased in 1950. This

decrease may have been due to the change in the definition

of a farm, which eliminated many small places previously

counted as farms.

K 73-75. Farm employment, 1910-1957.

Source: Agricultural Marketing Service, Statistical Bulletin

No. 236, September 1958.

For detailed descriptions of farm employment concepts, see

Major Statistical Series of the U.S. Department of Agriculture,

Agriculture Handbook No. 118, vol. 7, pp. 8-12. See source

publication for geographic regional and State data.

These data are based on (1) data from the Census of Popu

lation used as benchmarks for 1910, 1920, and 1930, and data

from the Census of Agriculture used for 1940, 1950, and 1954;

(2) estimates of farm employment from nationwide enumer-

ative sample surveys made at intervals during 1945-1948, to

gether with historical data on the seasonal distributions of

man-hour labor requirements in farm production, used to de

velop measures of seasonal variation; (3) returns from the

monthly mailed questionnaire on employment on farms of crop

reporters, available since 1925; and (4) annual estimates of the

number of farms by States and regions used to expand "ad

justed" average employment per farm to obtain regional and

national estimates of total farm employment and of the family

and hired worker components of the total.

The source also presents monthly estimates of total farm

employment for 1950-1957 for the United States, for each

of the 9 major geographic divisions, and State data for 35

selected States.

Family workers include working farm operators, plus mem

bers of their families who did unpaid farmwork or chores for

15 hours or more during the survey week. All persons work

ing one hour or more during the survey week for pay at

farmwork or chores are classified as hired farmworkers.

Members of the operator's family receiving wages for work

on their farms are counted as hired workers. Sharecroppers

259

K 76-80 AGRICULTURE

are considered family workers when working on their own

crops but are classified as hired workers when doing farmwork

for pay off their tracts. A person employed as both a family

worker and a hired worker during the survey week on the

same farm is counted as a hired worker. The survey week

is the last complete calendar week in the month, but when

that week includes the last day of the month the survey week

is the next to the last full calendar week.

The average number of hired and family workers per farm

is computed for the reporting farms for all States. The av

erages are then adjusted by factors based on comparisons with

the last census level, labor requirements data, and the esti

mated seasonal pattern of employment based on the latest

census and special studies in selected States. The adjusted

averages are then multiplied by the estimated number of farms

in each State to estimate the number of family and hired

workers employed. Data from the census, State assessors'

reports, Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation records,

and indications of change from the larger acreage and live

stock surveys are used in estimating the number of farms.

Annual averages of employment are simple averages of last-

of-month employment estimates. In addition to farm employ

ment estimates, monthly indexes of farm employment are

available.

Farm employment data were first collected through crop

reporters in October 1923. In 1938, the National Research

Project of the Works Progress Administration developed

monthly farm employment estimates for 1925-1936 from the

crop reporter data. See E. C. Shaw and J. A. Hopkins,

Trends in Employment in Agriculture, 1909-1936, Wopks Prog

ress Administration, Philadelphia, November 1938. Monthly

estimates have been made by the Agricultural Marketing Serv

ice and the former Bureau of Agricultural Economics from

crop reporter data for 1936-1957, using the methods developed

in the Works Progress Administration project, plus certain

recent refinements. Periodic revisions have been made as new

benchmark data became available from national enumerative

surveys or from Censuses of Agriculture. Following the 1950

Census of Agriculture, the entire historical series was re

examined and revised. Data for 1950-1957 reflect revisions

following the 1954 Census of Agriculture.

K 76-80. Farm wage rates, 1866-1957.

Source: 1866-1909, Bureau of Agricultural Economics,

Farm Wage Rates, Farm Employment, and Related Data, Jan

uary 1943 (processed) ; 1910-1957, Agricultural Marketing

Service, Farm Labor, January 1958.

Information on farm wages prior to 1866 is scattered; it

consists of individual records or covers only certain States

rather than the entire country. See Department of Agricul

ture, Bureau of Statistics, Wages of Farm Labor in the United

States, Miscellaneous Series, Report No. 4, 1892; same agency's

Wages of Farm Labor, by George K. Holmes, Bulletin 99,

1912; and T. M. Adams, Prices Paid by Vermont Farmers for

Goods and Services and Received by Them for Farm Products,

1790-1 9U0; see also Vermont Agricultural Experiment Station

Bulletin 507, Wages of Vermont Farm Labor, 1780-1940,

Burlington, February 1944.

The first investigation made by the Department of Agricul

ture of wage rates for hired farm workers was in 1866. In

the next 44 years, 18 similar studies were made at irregular

intervals. Then, for 1909-1923, inquiries were made annually

and, since 1923, quarterly. In all these surveys, question

naires were sent to the voluntary crop reporters.

For 1866-1909, crop reporters were requested to estimate

the average wages in the locality for the year. Sometimes

the inquiry was made in the spring and sometimes in the fall

or winter. When it was made in the spring, the year to which

the annual average refers is uncertain. For this reason, a

dual date is designated for certain of these years as, for ex

ample, "1874 or 1875." In each of these 19 investigations,

wage rates per day were obtained separately for harvest work

and other work. The data published here for these years are

the day rates for "other than harvest work."

The monthly wage rates (series K 77-78) shown for 1866-

1909 are not strictly comparable throughout this period. For

1866-1890, monthly wage rates shown are for workers hired

by the year. In addition, in the first three of the aforemen

tioned inquiries, crop reporters were asked for monthly rates

paid to workers hired for the season, which are published

by Holmes (see above). For 1891-1909, the monthly rate

requested was on a combined annual and seasonal basis. In

1909, the distinction was again made, but the two types of

monthly rates were averaged. The weighted average (re

vised) is published here. For the original averages of the

monthly rates for workers hired by the year and for those

hired by the season, see Holmes, Wages of Farm Labor, re

ferred to above. For 1866-1909, wage rates requested were

those paid to men doing outdoor work. In 1902, 1906, and

1909, rates paid women for domestic work on farms were

also requested.

Data from the 19 wage inquiries were published in 4 bulle

tins by the Bureau of Statistics of the Department of Agri

culture—No. 4 (1892), 22 (1901), and 26 (1903) of the "Mis

cellaneous" series, and Bulletin 99 (1912) of the Bureau of

Statistics series. In the first 3 bulletins, the rates were pub

lished without reducing currency to gold values, since the

monetary system was not on a gold basis; but in Bulletin 99

and in subsequent reports the wage rates for the period of

inflated currency values during and following the Civil War

were reduced to gold values. In Bulletin 99 the weighting

system, which was not uniform for all previous surveys, was

revised and wage-rate data for all 19 surveys were recomputed.

The number of male agricultural laborers in each State, as

reported by the census of occupations, was used as the weight

to obtain United States and major region averages from

State average wage rates.

For 1909-1923, annual inquiries on farm wage rates in their

localities were made of crop reporters. They were asked

about monthly rates with and without board; and about daily

rates with and without board "at harvest" and for "other

than harvest labor." In 1923, to give an overlap for linking

purposes, a quarterly inquiry was initiated. The new quarterly

series eliminated the distinction between day rates for harvest

work and for nonharvest work; it changed the time reference

of day rates to "average wage rates being paid to hired labor

at the present time in your locality," with an additional in

struction to include in the estimates of day rates "average

daily earnings of piece workers." The new rates obtained

after 1923 are probably more nearly comparable with the old

daily wage rates for "other than harvest work" than they

are with either the old daily rates for harvest work or with

a combination of the two types of daily rates.

For 1923-1948, the questions asked crop reporters on wage

rates continued in almost exactly the same form. In 1948,

the wage rate series was changed to include more different

kinds of rates and to specify more clearly the perquisites re

ceived in addition to cash wages. Value of perquisites is not

included in wage rates obtained—they are cash rates only.

The types of rates currently obtained are as follows; Per

month with board and room, per month with house (no meals),

per week with board and room, per week without board or

room, per day with board and room, per day with house (no

260

FARM LABOR—CROP ACREAGE K 81-103

meals), per day without board or room, per hour with house

(no meals), and per hour without board or room.

Rates for 1949-1957 are not exactly comparable with rates

for previous years. They only approximate the rates denoted

in the series headings and represent averages for the follow

ing rates: Per month with board and room, per month with

house, per day with board and room, and per day without

board or room.

Average rates based on data reported by crop reporters are

published quarterly and annually in Agricultural Marketing

Service, Farm Labor, but annually only in the Department of

Agriculture, Agricultural Statistics. Both quarterly and an-*

nual average rates are published for States, nine major geo

graphic divisions, and the United States. The annual average

rates are averages of the quarterly averages weighted by the

number of hired farm workers employed each quarter.

Since employment data are for approximately the last week

of the month and wage rates are usually reported a few days

before the end of the month, they must be weighted to center

on July 1 (the midpoint in the calendar year) in computing

an annual average. The annual average is a 5-quarter aver

age based on data for January of the current year and January

of the following year. The use of only the January current

year data would not properly weight the changes after Oc

tober 1, especially when rates are rising or falling significantly.

K 81. Farmers' expenditures for hired labor, 1910-1957.

Source: Agricultural Marketing Service, The Farm Income

Situation, July 1958 (No. 174).

Data for census years are from Bureau of the Census; inter-

censal year figures are Agricultural Marketing Service esti

mates. For a detailed description of concepts and methods,

see Major Statistical Series of the IAS. Department of Agri

culture, Agriculture Handbook No. 118, vol. 3.

Estimates of farmers' total expenditures for hired labor are

available for 1929 and since 1949 for individual States. The

total farm labor bill is divided between cash wages and the

value of perquisites furnished. It is also divided between

the wages paid to workers living on farms and those not living

on farms.

K 82. Index man-hours of labor used for farmwork, 1910-

1957.

Source: Department of Agriculture, Changes in Farm Pro

duction and Efficiency, Statistical Bulletin No. 233, August

1958.

Man-hours of labor used in farming are estimated by apply

ing regional average man-hours per acre of crops and per

head or unit of production of livestock to the official estimates

of acreages and numbers made by the Agricultural Marketing

Service.

Time for farm maintenance or general overhead work is

calculated separately and added to the direct hours for crops

and livestock to obtain the total number of man-hours. An

nual man-hours per acre or per head are estimated by interpo

lating between or extrapolating from benchmarks.

Benchmarks are estimates of labor used per acre and per

head in each State converted to a geographic-division basis.

State estimates for 1939, 1944, and 1950 appear in two reports

of the former Bureau of Agricultural Economics (Labor Re

quirements for Crops and Livestock, 1943, and Labor Require

ments in thf United States, 1939 and 1944) and in reports of

the Agricultural Research Service (Labor Used for Field Crops,

Statistical Bulletin No. 144, June 1954; and Labor Used for

Livestock, Statistical Bulletin No. 161, 1955). Similar bench

marks for 1910, 1919, and 1929 developed from data in the

Works Progress Administration National Research Project re

ports were summarized in that agency's Changing Technology

and Employment in Agriculture, 1941. These reports were

based on extensive field surveys, while the first-mentioned

studies were based on secondary data.

The interpolation of numbers of man-hours per acre or per

animal between benchmarks and extrapolation beyond bench

marks are modified by several factors. For crops, these in

clude such items as yields per acre, utilization of the crop,

methods of harvest, and source of power as indicated by num

bers of tractors and work stock on farms. For livestock,

the modifiers include such factors as size of enterprise, pro

duction per animal, and extent of different methods and prac

tices followed.

For more detailed explanation, for the aggregate man-hours

upon which the indexes are based, and for other more de

tailed data, see Major Statistical Series of the UJS. Department

of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook No. 118, vol. 2.

K 83-97. Man-hours used to produce specified amounts of

wheat, corn, and cotton, 1800-1950.

Source: 1800-1940, Department of Agriculture, Progress of

Farm Mechanization, Miscellaneous Publication No. 630, Octo

ber 1947; 1950, Labor Used for Field Crops, Statistical Bulle

tin No. 144, June 1954.

In Publication No. 630, the yield of cotton was reported in

gross weight, including an allowance for the weight of bagging

and ties on a standard bale. In series K 96, the yield was

converted to pounds of cotton lint which corresponds to the

current method of reporting yields of cotton.

The 1950 figures for yield per acre (series K 86, K 91,

and K 96) are averages for 1948-1952. This agrees with the

procedure for computing yields for the other years. Because

of the higher 5-year average yield and because the time re

quired to pick cotton is closely related to the yield, it was

necessary to raise the number of man-hours used in harvest

ing cotton (series K 95) above those shown in Bulletin No.

144. -The numbers of hours used in harvesting wheat and

corn were not adjusted because the 5-year average yield did

not differ significantly from the 1950 yield.

The numbers of man-hours per acre (series K 83-85, K 88-

90, and K 93-95) are estimated from data on labor require

ments published by State and Federal agencies. A list of

such publications appears in Bureau of Agricultural Economics,

A Partial List of Publications on Farm Labor Requirements by

Commodities, 1943. For recent years, the estimates of man-

hours per acre, like those in Bulletin No. 144, have been

developed on a State basis. Related data used in preparing

the estimates include sources of farm power as indicated by

numbers of tractors, work stock and associated machines on

farms, yield per acre, and methods of harvesting. These re

lated materials are too numerous to list, but, as an example,

see Department of Agriculture, Harvesting Corn for Grain,

Statistical Bulletin No. 129, 1953.

The figures for yields (series K 86, K 91, and K 96) were

developed from Agricultural Marketing Service acreage and

production data (series K 265-266, K 269-270, and K 301-

302).

K 98-103. Acreages of harvested crops, by use, and indexes

of cropland used for crops and crop production per acre,

1910-1957.

Source : See source for series K 82.

488910 O - 40 - 18261

K 104-115 AGRICULTURE

These data measure changes in the total acreage of crops

harvested and in acreages used for different broad purposes.

Acreages for harvested crops do not include pasture. The

total number of crop acres harvested consists of acreages of

the 59 crops harvested (excluding duplication) plus acreages

in tree fruits, small fruits, tree nuts, and farm gardens.

Acreages of several minor crops, which are not included,

have accounted for about 0.5 million acres in recent years.

Basic data for the estimates are published in the releases of

the Agricultural Marketing Service and in the Census of Agri

culture reports from the Bureau of the Census.

Acreages used for production of each crop exported are

determined by dividing the quantity exported by the average

yield per acre. Two steps are necessary in computing the

acreages of crops used to produce each of the livestock prod

ucts exported. The first consists of estimating the quantities

of each feed crop used to produce 100 pounds of pork, 100

pounds of milk, 100 dozen eggs, and so on. The second con

sists of determining the quantity of each feed crop used to

produce the products exported, and then determining the acre

ages needed to produce each feed crop, at average yields per

acre. Periodic 5-year average yields rather than yields for

each year are used.

Yield data for the export estimates are from reports of

the Crop Reporting Board. Data for volume of exports prior

to 1940 are from Agricultural Statistics. For 1940-1957, ex

port data are from reports and records of the Agricultural

Marketing Service.

Estimates of feed consumed by horses and mules are based

on the following average rations of corn, oats, and all hay:

For 1910-1919, the calculations allow 800 pounds of oats, 1,600

pounds of shelled corn, and 1.8 tons of hay per head for farm

horses and mules 3 years old and over and animal-unit equiva

lents for younger animals. For 1920-1940, it was assumed

that as farm horses were worked less, they consumed less

grain and more hay. Consequently, the rate of feeding corn

was decreased 10 pounds per head per year and the rate of

feeding hay was increased 20 pounds. Beginning with 1941,

it was assumed that horses and mules would work less each

year, and that on the average they would be fed less corn,

oats, and hay and would consume more pasture.

For nonfarm horses and mules, it was assumed that, for

1910-1931, the quantities of grain and hay consumed per head

per year were a third more than those consumed by farm

work animals. Since 1932, the computations have rounded

out to one million acres used in producing feed for nonfarm

horses and mules.

Basic data on horses and mules are from publications of

the Agricultural Marketing Service. The rations for horses

and mules are based on data from many sources, especially

from Bureau of Agricultural Economics, Work Performed and

Feed Utilized by Horses and Mules, Farm Management 44,

1944, and on judgment of workers familiar with the subject.

The series on cropland used for crops (series K 102) is

made up of three components—acres of harvested cropland

(land from which one or more crops were harvested), crop

failure, and summer fallow. The index is intended to measure

changes in the land area in crops or being prepared for crops

the following year; it excludes idle cropland and land in soil-

improvement crops during the entire year and not harvested.

These figures are based on estimates of principal crops har

vested and crop losses of the former Bureau of Agricultural

Economics and the Agricultural Marketing Service and on

data from the 1925 to 1954 Censuses of Agriculture. Data

from the 1950 and 1954 Censuses of Agriculture were adjusted

to cover some of the underenumeration indicated by post-

enumeration surveys.

Acreages of crop failure were derived from the 1925 to 1945

Censuses of Agriculture, and interpolations for intervening

years were based on BAE estimates of crop losses or differ

ences between planted and harvested acreages of principal

crops. Acreages of crop failure for recent years are based

chiefly on crop losses as reported by AMS. Reported acre

ages of crop losses are adjusted for the replanting of part of

the acreage on which winter wheat is abandoned. Hay land

that produced nothing but pasture in some dry seasons is not

included in crop failure in recent years.

Estimates of acreage of cultivated summer fallow were made

only for the geographic divisions west of the Mississippi River.

For 1945-1948, they were based chiefly on acreages seeded

to wheat on summer fallow land, as estimated by BAE and

according to data issued by the Great Plains Council. For

1949-1957, estimates of fallow were based partly on the 1950

and 1954 Censuses of Agriculture, estimates of wheat seeded

on summer fallow made by AMS, and information obtained

from the Great Plains Council. Estimates for years prior to

1945 were built up from fragmentary data available in BAE.

Indexes of total crop production were divided by indexes of

cropland used for crops to derive indexes of crop production

per acre (series K 103). Indexes of crop production were

developed as one step in the calculation of farm output.

For a more detailed explanation of these series, see Major

Statistical Series of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agri

culture Handbook No. 118, vol. 2.

K 104-115. Index of supply and utilization of farm food com

modities, 1924-1957.

Source : Agricultural Marketing Service, National Food Situ

ation, quarterly issues.

This index involves the use of the basic disappearance data

described in series G 552-584, converted to farm level, and

of average 1947-49 farm prices to derive value aggregates

in terms of constant dollars. Prices used are midmonth prices

received by farmers in 1947-49 weighted by volume of monthly

sales.

Each part of the index includes processed and unprocessed

commodities. Where processing of farm commodities yields

byproducts or joint products, the relative economic importance

of the various products is retained by apportioning the farm

value of the unprocessed commodity according to the ratio of

the wholesale value of the several resulting end products.

For processed commodities where no byproduct or joint prod

uct is involved direct conversion to the farm weight is made.

See also Agriculture Handbook No. 91, Measuring the Supply

and Utilization of Farm Commodities, 1955.

K 104, production. Includes harvested crops (including

those used for feed and seed) and marketings of livestock

products for consumption plus use on farms where produced.

K 105, imports and inship merits. Imports and inshipments

from U.S. Territories include farm commodities similar to

those produced in this country plus those not produced domes

tically but which are substitutes for United States products.

Coffee, tea, cocoa, and bananas are included but rubber and

silk are excluded. Dockside prices were used for commodities

not produced in the United States. Imports include both proc

essed and unprocessed commodities.

Reports on shipments to and from Alaska and Hawaii were

discontinued in April 1948. For foods for which such trade

is significant, estimates of inshipments have been made.

262

TAXES—INSURANCE—CASH RECEIPTS K 110-128

K 106, net change in available stocks. Changes in re

ported stocks other than those held for the USDA foreign

supply programs are treated as a source of domestic supply.

Such stocks include those accumulated under price support

programs.

K 109, civilian food. Figures are derived as a residual by

deducting feed, seed, and other nonfood uses, exports and

shipments, Government purchases for the military and for

export, and ending stocks from total supply of each food

available for the year.

K 110, military food. No reliable information on military

food procurement is available before 1941, but such takings

were relatively small between 1919 and 1940. Data from

reports of the Armed Services are supplemented by estimates

to cover local procurement of some fresh commodities and

items supplied daily. Civilian feeding in areas occupied by

the Armed Forces is included.

K 111, domestic nonfood use. For data on nonfood use

divided into feed, seed, and "other" (alcoholic beverages, soap,

and industrial uses), see Supplement for 1956 to Agriculture

Handbook No. 91, Measuring the Supply and Utilization of

Farm Commodities.

K 112, commercial exports and shipments to U.S. Territor

ies. Includes trade not handled by the Federal Government

although Government financial aid may have been involved in

the transaction in one way or another. Trade with Alaska

and Hawaii has not been reported since April 1948 but ship

ments of some items are estimated.

K 113-115, USDA export program. Measures the annual

takings of farm food commodities from commercial channels

by the Department of Agriculture expressly for subsequent

shipment abroad under foreign supply and special export pro

grams. Quantities thus removed are designated as "net pur

chases" and are derived by adjusting the USDA deliveries

of farm food commodities by the change in Department stocks.

K 116-118. Taxes levied on farm property, 1890-1957.

Source: Agricultural Research Service, Agricultural Finance

Review, annual issues.

These data cover all ad valorem taxes levied upon farm

property by State and local governments. They do not cover

special assessments such as those levied by drainage-, irriga

tion, or other special districts. Farm real estate comprises

all land defined by the Bureau of the Census as land in farms,

and structures thereon (see general note for series K 1-364).

Farm personal property covers all livestock, machinery, auto

mobiles, trucks, produce, and household and personal effects.

Much personal property on farms is not taxed, either because

of statutory exemptions or through faulty assessment.

Taxes include those levied on farm property whether

owned by the operator or not. They do not necessarily repre

sent taxes paid by farmers. "Levies" rather than "payments"

are shown because the timing of actual payments is un

certain.

Real estate tax figures are developed from data for sample

farms obtained from local tax officials and from data in the

Censuses of Agriculture for 1930, 1940, and 1950. The

acreages used in computing taxes per acre are census data

for farmland in private ownership, with interpolations for

intercensal years. The values used in computing taxes per

$100 of value are based on census data of operator estimates

of value, with interpolations for intercensal years based on the

ARS index of farmland values. For a more detailed discus

sion, see Agricultural Research Service, Taxes Levied on Farm

Property in the United States and Methods of Estimating

Them, Statistical Bulletin No. 189, August 1956.

Personal property tax figures are developed from statistical

data on assessed values and taxes published by State tax

commissions, boards of equalization, or similar bodies; see

"Taxation of Personal Property Owned by Farmers in the

United States, 1940-49," Agricultural Finance Review, vol. 15,

November 1952.

K 119. Automotive taxes paid by farmers, 1924-1957.

Source: See source for series K 116-118.

These data include payments of all registration and "tag"

fees for automobiles and trucks on farms and for drivers'

permits by farmers. Amounts paid for licenses and permits

are based on estimates of vehicles on farms, and average

charges per vehicle. The latter is the average charge for all

vehicles registered, adjusted to the level of charges for vehi

cles on farms as determined from special surveys. State and

Federal motor-fuel taxes are those arising out of the use of

automobiles, trucks, tractors, and other machines by farmers.

Motor-fuel figures represent net amount paid, after refunds,

and are derived from estimates of fuel consumption of farm

vehicles and the average tax rate on such fuel as developed

from special surveys. For further discussion, see Major Sta

tistical Series of the US. Department of Agriculture, Agricul

ture Handbook No. 118, vol. 6.

K 120-121. Farmers' mutual fire insurance, 1914-1957.

Source: Agricultural Research Service, Agricultural Finance

Review, annual issues and records (compiled from published

State reports and from data supplied by State insurance

officials, company officials, and others).

Data include insurance against fire and lightning, and ex

clude, in most cases, insurance against windstorm, hail on

growing crops, or other hazards. For 1914-1933, farmers'

mutual fire insurance companies were defined as those which

had more than 65 percent of their insurance on farm prop

erty. Since 1933, this has been reduced to 50 percent. Dur

ing both periods, however, all business of such companies was

considered farm business, although only about 85-88 percent

of the total insurance was on farm property. The business

of general-writing mutual and stock fire insurance companies,

which also write insurance on farm property, is not included.

Figures for insurance in force (series K 120) include only

companies for which reports were obtained and may not be

entirely complete. For 1956 and 1957, the figures include an

estimate for incompleteness. Figures for cost per $100 of

insurance (series K 121) do not include any amounts collected

from members which have been added directly to surplus or

reserve funds. Such funds are, of course, available for pay

ment of future losses and operating expenses. The average

increase in these surplus funds during the 10-year period,

1947-1956, suggests that, on the average, annual assessments

collected from members amounted to about 27.7 cents per $100

of insurance, compared with amounts actually paid out for

losses and operating expenses of about 23.1 cents.

K 122-128. Cash receipts from farming and farm income,

1910-1957.

Source: Agricultural Marketing Service, The Farm Income

Situation, July 1958 (No. 174).

These estimates refer to calendar-year income arising from

commodities and services produced on all farms in the United

States, as defined in the Census of Agriculture, to the expenses

associated with such production, and to other income received

by persons living on farms.

Estimates of farm income were start/ i in 1924 on a crop-

year basis. In 1936, a legislative formula for income parity

263

K 122-128 AGRICULTURE

for agriculture, based on a 1910-1914 comparison of farm and

nonfarm per capita incomes, resulted in an extensive project

of research designed to extend the estimates back to 1910, to

put them on a full calendar-year basis comparable with esti

mates of nonagricultural income, and to improve and expand

the data in other respects.

No adequate statistics are available on farm income and

expenses before 1910. Willford I. King's early estimates of

the total value produced in agriculture go back to 1850, but

for census years only (published in The Wealth and Income

of the People of the United States, Macmillan Co., 1915).

They were based on inadequate information and are not com

parable with any of the current series. Without data for in-

tercensal years, King's decennial figures may be misleading

even as an indication of the long-term trend. The decennial

projections back to 1800 prepared by the National Industrial

Conference Board, National Income in the United States, 1799-

1938, 1939, are in much the same category, and must be

regarded only as very rough approximations. Annual estimates

of gross farm income extending back to 1869, and covering a

substantial part of total farm production, are given in Depart

ment of Agriculture, Gross Farm Income and Indices of

Farm Production and Prices in the United States, 1869-1937,

Technical Bulletin No. 703, December 1940. Although not

comparable with any of the current series, these estimates are

probably fairly reliable as an indication of trends in the gross

value of farm production.

In the absence of any direct reporting of farm income on

an adequate scale, estimates have been developed by indirect

methods using available data on production, disposition, prices,

and costs. The procedure followed has been to treat agricul

ture as one tremendous enterprise, and to derive its net income

by first computing "gross income," as defined below, and then

deducting aggregate expenses of production.

Figures for series K 122-125 are estimates of realized gross

farm income and its principal components. These estimates

are "gross" in the sense that they represent the total value

of commodities and services produced by farms without any

deduction for costs incurred in their production, and without

any consideration of who reaps the ultimate benefit from their

sale or use, whether it be a farm operator, a landlord, a farm

laborer, or a bank. Cash receipts from farm marketings, in

the case of crops, include all sales of crops by farmers; pur

chases by other farmers for use as feed or seed are later

deducted as production expenses. Similarly, in the case of

livestock and products, the estimates include all sales by

farmers, with purchases of livestock by other farmers in

cluded as a production expense in series K 126. Farm sales

of firewood and other forest products are included in the crop

totals.

For 1933-1957, total cash receipts from all farm marketings

include Government payments to farmers. The latter include

rental and benefit, conservation, price adjustment, parity, pro

duction, and Soil Bank payments—in short, all money paid

directly to farmers by the Government in its farm programs.

Indirect financial aid to farmers through commodity prices or

loan values is covered in cash receipts from marketings. Gov

ernment payments to landlords, as well as farm operators,

are included but the former are also covered under farm

production expense (series K 126) as rental payments to non-

farm landlords.

Realized gross farm income (series K 125) represents total

cash farm income, the value of farm-produced food and fuel

consumed in farm households, and an imputed rental value

for all farm dwellings. Farm-household consumption of farm

products is valued at prices received for the sale of similar

products. It includes food and fuel furnished to hired farm

laborers, later deducted as a part of total labor costs to farm

operators. The rental value of dwellings is on a gross basis;

later deductions of rent, interest, taxes, insurance, mainte

nance, and depreciation are for farms as a whole with their

buildings and equipment, and include shares allocable to farm

dwellings.

The figures for gross farm income have been derived, com

modity by commodity, from the periodic Crop Reporting Board

estimates of production, disposition, price, and value. These

estimates in turn are generally based on periodic census enu

merations supplemented by regular reports from field statisti

cians, long lists of farmers, and special crop, livestock, and

price correspondents, and by records and reports of public

and private agencies concerned with the inspection, storage,

marketing, transportation, or processing of farm products.

The figures for total farm-production expenses (series K

126) comprise the aggregate cost to farm operators, or all of

that part of gross farm income not retained by farm opera

tors. It includes (1) wages paid for hired labor, both in cash

and in kind; (2) purchases of feed, livestock, fertilizer, and

lime; (3) outlays for the operation of tractors, trucks, and

automobiles (excluding the portion assigned to family use) ;

(4) a large number of other current farm operating expenses;

(5) charges for maintenance and depreciation of farm build

ings, motor vehicles, machinery, and equipment; (6) taxes

levied on farm property; (7) interest paid on farm-mortgage

loans; and (8) net rents paid to landlords not living on farms,

including that part of Government payments that goes to

such landlords and not to farm operators. Other farm rents

paid to landlords who are also farm operators are not included,

as they constitute offsetting items of income and cost for farm

operators as a group.

The estimates of production expenses are generally based

on the Censuses of Agriculture, supplemented by special sur

veys. For years other than census or survey years, estimates

for a specific item have for the most part been derived from

relative changes in similar or related series. A combination

of two series is frequently used, one indicating changes in

quantity and the other, changes in price. For a few types of

costs, however, the records of public or private agencies pro

vide the basis for direct annual estimates.

The figures for realized net income of farm operators (series

K 127) are obtained by subtracting total production expenses

from realized gross farm income. The term "realized" is

used because the estimates include the value only of farm

products sold. In other words, they do not include changes

in farm inventories of crops and livestock. These figures

should not be confused with net income from agriculture or

agriculture's contribution to the total national income. The

latter includes farm wages, rent, and interest in addition to

inventory changes and the realized net income of farm oper

ators.

The figures for net income to persons on farms from farm

ing (series K 128) include the realized net income of farm

operators; the value, at annual average prices, of the net

change during the year in crop and livestock inventories on

farms; and wages, in cash or in kind, paid to farm laborers

who live on farms. Inventory changes are included to achieve

comparability with the net income of nonfarm businesses.

Only about two-thirds of all hired farm workers live on farms;

and only their wages are included. This series is the one pre

viously used, together with corresponding estimates of the

income of persons not on farms, in the now superseded legis

lative formula for computing income parity for agriculture.

264

PRICES RECEIVED AND PRICES PAID BY FARMERS K 129-137

The figures for series K 128 are generally comparable

throughout the period shown and are believed to be fairly com

plete and reliable despite the indirect methods of estimation.

For a more detailed discussion and for other series, see Major

Statistical Series of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agri

culture Handbook No. 118, vol. 3, December 1957.

K 129-131. Indexes of prices received by farmers, 1910-1957.

Source: 1910-1951, Agricultural Marketing Service, Major

Statistical Series of the US. Department of Agriculture, Agri

culture Handbook No. 118, vol. 1; 1952-1957, Agricultural

Prices, January, February, and May 1959.

Data on prices received by farmers in their local markets

are identified as "local market prices" in the source publica

tion to distinguish them from "wholesale prices" of farm

products at central markets.

The first comprehensive index-number series of prices of

farm products was published in 1921 as Department of Agri

culture Bulletin No. 999, Prices of Farm Products in the

United States. Research in 1923 and 1924 resulted in the de

velopment of the aggregative type of index-number series first

published in Crops and Markets in August 1924. Later re

visions of the prices received index numbers were published in

1934, 1944, 1950, and 1959.

From the first indexes in 1921 to the 1950 revisions, the base

period for index numbers of prices received by farmers was

the 60-month period, August 1909-July 1914. This base was

selected, because in these prewar years prices of farm prod

ucts were relatively stable, and they were assumed to have a

more nearly normal relationship with prices of other things

than in any other period for which data were then available.

In 1950, the base period was changed to January 1910-Decem-

ber 1914 pursuant to the provisions of the Agricultural Adjust

ment Act of 1938 as amended by the Agricultural Acts of

1948 and 1949.

The figures for prices received by farmers used to construct

these indexes are based on reports from a group of voluntary

respondents, most of whom are buyers of, or dealers in, farm

products at country shipping points, and a few of whom are

well-informed farmers. The number of these reporters has

increased, and, as of 1958, reports were based upon returns

from about 10,000 respondents. For most commodities, prices

relate to a midmonth average, but for some, prices represent

an average for the month.

These index numbers are based upon local market prices for

55 important agricultural commodities classified into 2 major

groups, crops and livestock. There are 8 crop subdivisions

(food grains, feed grains and hay, cotton, tobacco, oil-bearing

crops, fruits, commercial vegetables, and potatoes, sweetpota-

toes, and dry edible beans) ; and 4 livestock subdivisions (meat

animals, dairy products, poultry and eggs, and wool). No

single set of weights is representative of the long period

covered by the index; but as a reasonably satisfactory com

promise, weights for 1910-1935 are based on cash receipts in

1924-1929, and weights from 1935 to August 1952 are based

on 1937-1941 receipts, and from September 1952 on, 1953-1957

receipts. For further details, see the first-listed source cited

above.

K 132-137. Indexes of prices paid by farmers, interest and

taxes payable per acre, and farm wage rates, 1910-1957.

Source: 1910-1951, see source for 1910-1951 for series

K 129-131; 1952-1957, see source for same series for 1952-

1957.

These indexes are based on monthly indexes which relate

to prices as of the 15th of the month. For a detailed explana

tion, see the first-listed source above.

The indexes are a combination of the index of prices paid

by farmers for commodities used for family living (6 groups—

203 different commodity price series as of September 1958),

the index of prices paid by farmers for commodities used in

production (9 groups—232 different commodity price series as

of September 1958), and of indexes of taxes on farm real

estate, interest on loans secured by farm real estate mort

gages, and farm wage rates. The index of prices paid for

family living items (series K 132) represents prices of the

following groups of commodities: Food and tobacco, 52

items; clothing, 39; household operation, 17; household furnish

ings, 40; building material for houses, 43; autos and auto sup

plies, 12. The index of prices paid for production items (series

K 133) is based on the following groups of commodities: Feed,

26 items; livestock, 6; motor supplies, 15; motor vehicles, 12;

farm machinery, 50; farm supplies, 37; fertilizer, 34; building

and fencing material, 27; and seed, 25. Prices for individual

commodities are collected monthly or periodically by mail, sup

plemented to some extent by interview, from independent

stores and chain stores, hatcheries, etc., from a total of about

35,000 voluntary reporters. Prices by States for each com

modity are weighted by estimated quantities purchased in

each State to obtain the national average price.

National average prices for individual commodities are com

bined into group indexes by the weighted aggregative method.

The commodity group indexes are weighted by estimated ex

penditures of farmers for commodities in the respective groups

to obtain the family living and the production indexes.

There have been substantial changes in relative quantities

of commodities bought by farmers during the period back to

1910. From 1910 to March 1935, the weights used in the

index represent farmers' purchases during 1924-1929; from

March 1935 to August 1952, the weights represent average

purchases during 1937-1941, and from September 1952 on, the

weights represent average purchases during 1955.

The index of interest payable per acre on farm mortgage

indebtedness (series K 134) is constructed from estimates of

interest charges on farm mortgages per acre. These interest

charges are computed from the average of interest rates, as

obtained from the various sources of farm credit, applied to the

total mortgage indebtedness per acre of land in farms.

The index of taxes levied per acre on farm real estate

(series K 135) is based on the Census of Agriculture and,

for intercensal years, on data from local tax officials. Taxes

levied during the year are, in most areas, payable in the fol

lowing year. Figures for this series are available back to 1890.

The index of farm wage rates (series K 136) covers average

wage rates paid hired farm workers. It is based on reports

from crop reporters throughout the country and is season

ally adjusted before being combined with the other compo

nents of the parity index. The index is available on an

annual basis back to 1866 for most years and quarterly since

1923.

The index of prices paid, including interest, taxes, and farm

wage rates (series K 137) , often referred to as the parity

index, is used in computing parity prices of farm products

under the formula prescribed by the Agricultural Adjustment

Act of 1938 as amended by the Agricultural Acts of 1948 and

1949. It is the most comprehensive measure available of

prices paid by farmers for the goods and services bought for

both living and production purposes including interest, taxes,

and hired farm labor. It is computed by weighting together

the index of prices paid for living and production goods, the

index of interest payable per acre of farm real estate, the

265

K 138-159 AGRICULTURE

index of taxes payable per acre of farm real estate, and the

index of wage rates paid for hired farm labor.

K 138. Parity ratio, 1910-1957.

Source : See source for series K 129-131.

The parity ratio is the quotient (multiplied by 100) obtained

by dividing the index of prices received by farmers (series

K 129, by the index of prices paid by farmers, including

taxes, interest, and wage rates (series K 137). If the ratio

is 100 or over (i.e., if the prices received index is as high as,

or higher than, the index of prices paid by farmers including

interest, taxes, and wage rates), farmers' average purchasing

power per unit of farm commodities is as high as, or higher

than, it was in 1910-1914. If the ratio is lower than 100, this

purchasing power is lower than it was in 1910-1914.

K 139-149. Value of farm gross output and product, in current

and constant dollars, 1800-1900.

Source: M. W. Towne and W. E. Rasmussen, "Farm Gross

Product and Gross Investment During the 19th Century,"

Studies in Income and Wealth, vol. 24, National Bureau of Eco

nomic Research (forthcoming).

These estimates are designed to measure the output of agri

culture from 1800 to 1900 on a gross product, or "value-added"

basis. The series for 1870-1900 are more reliable than for

earlier years, and those for 1840-1860 are more reliable than

for 1800-1830.

K 140-142, sales and home consumption of farm products,

are totals of commodity values estimated separately from price

and quantity estimates for individual commodities and groups

of commodities. The data for 1870-1900 are based primarily

on Department of Agriculture, Gross Farm Income and Indices

of Farm Production in the United States, 1869-1937, Technical

Bulletin No. 703, December 1940. Production estimates for

1840-1860 are based mostly on the Census of Agriculture. For

1800-1830, output is generally derived as the product of popu

lation and per capita production rates suggested by data for

1840-1860, although independent estimates were employed for

the major cash crops, which amounted to about one-eighth of

the total. Prices for current dollar valuation were obtained

by extrapolating the 1870 farm price estimates of Technical

Bulletin No. 703 to earlier years by changes in related whole

sale prices and average prices received by farmers.

K 143, livestock inventory changes, is based on Department

of Agriculture inventory and value-per-head data for 1870-

1900. Inventory data from the Census of Agriculture were

used for 1840-1860. For 1800-1830, the inventory estimates

were projected backward from 1840 by population changes.

Average values per head were projected to earlier years from

1870 by related wholesale price series.

K 144, gross rent from farm dwellings, represents imputed

income from home ownership. Figures were obtained by

multiplying the 1910-1914 average gross rent per farm

(from the current farm income series) by the estimated num

ber of farms in the decade years 1800-1900, and by inflating

to current dollars by an index of construction costs. Esti

mates for number of farms were obtained from the Censuses

of Agriculture for 1850-1900, and were extrapolated from 1850

to 1820 by the estimated number of persons engaged in agri

culture, and from 1820 to 18Q0 by population figures.

K 146, intermediate products consumed, represents the cost

of goods and services purchased for production purposes by

farms from the nonfarm sector. It is deducted from gross

output to derive the net contribution of the agricultural sector,

or farm gross product (series K 145). The intermediate prod

ucts and services originating off farms include fertilizer, cotton

ginning, horseshoeing, repairs, and rent paid to nonfarm land

lords. For most items, estimates for 1800-1900 were con

structed by extrapolating the .1910-14 average costs in the

current series backward by changes in series closely related

with respect to quantity or price. The estimates of interme

diate products have as a whole less foundation in census or

other contemporary benchmark sources and are less reliable

than the gross output estimates.

K 148 and K 149, farm-produced improvements and home

manufactures, although not included in current official meas

urements of gross farm output, are presented here because of

their greater relative importance in the earlier years. The

land improvement estimates were derived as the product of

average annual number of acres improved and estimated per

acre labor cost of improvement. The value of home manu

factures series is based on survey and census estimates for

1810 and 1840-1870, with other decades estimated on the

basis of trends in real output indicated by these benchmarks;

a textiles price index was used for deflation.

Estimates of data in 1910-14 dollars, were derived in nearly

all cases by multiplying estimated quantities of individual

products by average prices for 1910-14.

K 150-157. Motor vehicles and specified machines on farms,

1910-1957.

Source: See source for series K 82.

Census counts were first made of tractors, automobiles, and

motortrucks in the 1920 Census of Agriculture, of grain com

bines and farms with milking machines in the 1945 Census, of

cornpickers and pickup balers in the 1950 Census, and of field

forage harvesters in the 1954 Census. Estimates for inter-

censal years and before census data were available are as of

January 1.

Before 1950, figures of machines shipped by manufacturers

for farm use, with an allowance for disappearance, were used

mainly as the basis for these estimates. Figures for automo

biles and motortrucks were based on annual registrations for a

limited number of agricultural States, and a few special sample

surveys that were nationwide. Since 1950, estimates of

motor vehicles and machines are based largely on information

supplied by the voluntary crop reporters of the Agricultural

Marketing Service adjusted to data from the 1954 Census of

Agriculture.

K 158. Value of farm implements and machinery, 1850-1957.

Source: 1850-1900, Bureau of the Census, Thirteenth Cen

sus, 1910, Agriculture, vol. V, p. 51; 1910-1939, Agricultural

Marketing Service, records; 1940-1957, Agricultural Research

Service, The Balance Sheet of Agriculture, October 1957, p. 15.

Figures for 1910-1957 represent inventory value at the be

ginning of the year. They are closely tied to the values pre

sented in the Censuses of Agriculture, the figures for inter-

censal years being estimated from information on manufacture

and sales with due allowance for wear and tear and then

adjusted for changes in price levels.

The data for 1850-1900 are not entirely comparable. They

covered periods of vastly different price levels and attendant

investment values, including the period of expansion into the

West. According to the source, however, "the data are suffi

ciently comparable to indicate in a broad way the agricultural

progress of the country . . . ."

K 159. Farmers' expenditures for fertilizer and lime, 1909-

1957.

Source: See source for series K 122-128.

266

FERTILIZER AND LIME—FARM MORTGAGE DEBT K 160-169

For a detailed discussion of concepts, coverage, and methods,

see Major Statistical Series of the U.S. Department of Agri

culture, Agriculture Handbook No. 118, vol. 3.

K 160. Commercial fertilizer consumed in U.S., 1850-1957.

Source: 1850-1956, Agricultural Research Service, Statistics

on Fertilizers and Liming Materials in the United States, Sta

tistical Bulletin No. 191, April 1957; 1957, Preliminary Re

port on Consumption of Commercial Fertilizer and Primary

Plant Nutrient in the United States, December 1958.

Commercial fertilizer includes any substance containing ni

trogen (N), phosphoric acid (P2O5), potash (K2O), or any

other recognized plant-food element or compound, such as lime

(CaO), magnesia (MgO), boron (B), etc., which is consumed

primarily for the purpose of supplying plant food to crops,

excluding barnyard manures but including dried animal ma

nures sold commercially. Ground phosphate rock, gypsum,

sulfur, borax, copper sulfate, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate,

cottonseed meal, dried blood, animal tankage, etc., are included

when sold to farmers for plant food, but are excluded when

sold as fungicides, animal feeds, or for any other purpose

than for plant food. Limestone, dolomite, magnesia, etc., are

included when used as components of mixed fertilizers but

excluded when sold as soil amendments (materials used to

change the physical properties or the acidity of the soil rather

than to supply plant food).

The data refer to all commercial plant food, including that

distributed by the Production and Marketing Administration

in its soil-building program and that used by the Tennessee

Valley Authority in test demonstrations.

Beginning with 1920, the data related to consumption only

in continental United States, but data for 1850-1919 include

consumption in Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico. The total

consumption in these outlying areas increased from about 3,000

tons in 1890 to 52,000 in 1900, 93,000 in 1910, 120,000 in 1920,

254,000 in 1930, 321,000 in 1940, and 444,000 in 1950. Most

of this consumption occurred in Puerto Rico and Hawaii.

The earliest data on fertilizers were collected by State

fertilizer control officials. The first volume of American Fer

tilizer, 1894, presents figures for Georgia for 1875-1892. In

1945, 36 States had a Fertilizer Control Office or similar

agency which published tonnages of fertilizers consumed in

the State. A bibliography of such reports is given in U.S.

Department of Agriculture, Circular No. 756, 1946, which also

gives considerable detail on fertilizer consumption.

Annual estimates of consumption made by the National Fer

tilizer Association (now a part of the National Plant Food

Institute) were discontinued in 1955. The Fertilizer Review,

vol. XXI, No. 2, pp. 11-14, presents figures for continental

United States by decades from 1880 to 1910, and annually to

1945.

K 161. Lime consumed on farms, 1909-1957.

Source : See source for series K 82.

This series links two series not quite alike in coverage. For

1929-1945, the tonnage is in terms of ground limestone, mate

rials in other forms being converted to that basis, except for

some coarser materials used in Illinois. These figures were

based on surveys made by State agricultural college agrono

mists and include county surveys of producers, and data from

county extension agents and AAA offices, assembled by C. E.

Carter of the Production and Marketing Administration. The

data for 1910, 1920, and 1925-1928, however, were assembled

by A. L. Mehring of the Bureau of Plant Industry, Soils,

and Agricultural Engineering. The intervening years were in

terpolated. Mehring's figures, with the interpolations, have

been carried through 1939 in the Bureau of Agricultural Eco

nomics series, Income Parity for Agriculture, pt. II, sec. 2;

hence, the figures given there for 1929-1939 differ from those

presented here. Lime used by fertilizer manufacturers in

their mixed goods is not included. Data for recent years are

from National Agricultural Limestone Institute, Inc.

K 162-169. Farm-mortgage debt outstanding and loans closed,

1910-1957.

Source: Agricultural Research Service, Bureau of the Cen

sus, Farm Credit Administration, and Federal Deposit Insur

ance Corporation. For specific sources, see below. See also

Major Statistical Series of the US. Department of Agriculture,

Agriculture Handbook No. 118, vol. 6.

Farm-mortgage credit has been referred to as farm-real-

estate credit, long-term credit, or capital credit. The data

presented here, however, merely represent the amount of

credit secured by farm real estate, whether it is extended for

a short term or a long term, whether it is used for purchasing

the farm, operating the farm, or financing nonagricultural ac

tivities, and whether the loan instrument is a mortgage, deed

of trust, vendors' lien, or sales contract.

Estimates of the total amount of farm-mortgage debt out

standing at the beginning of each year (series K 162) are

based upon census data and special surveys. Data on the

amount of mortgage debt on farms operated by full owners

appear in each census back to 1890, except that for 1900.

In 1890, 1940, 1945, 1950, and 1956, similar information was

collected on the owned part of part-owner farms.

Mortgage data may be found in the following reports of the

Bureau of the Census: Eleventh Census, 1890, Report on Real

Estate Mortgages; Thirteenth Census, 1910, Agriculture, vol.

V, chap. 3; Fourteenth Census, 1920, Agriculture, vol. V, chap.

7; Census of Agriculture, 1925, Summary Statistics by States;

Fifteenth Census, 1930, Agriculture, vol. IV, chap. 6; Sixteenth

Census, 1940, Agriculture, vol. Ill, chap. 4. Data for 1935,

1945, 1950, and 1956 are in two cooperative publications—

Bureau of the Census and Bureau of Agricultural Economics,

U.S. Census of Agriculture : 1950, vol. V, pt. 8, and Bureau of

the Census and Agricultural Research Service, US. Census of

Agriculture : 1951,, vol. Ill, pt. 5.

In 1920, 1928, and 1930 the Bureau of Agricultural Econom

ics conducted surveys on which estimates of debt on farms

operated by part owners, tenants, and managers were based.

The Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Agricultural

Economics cooperated in the 1935, 1940, 1945, 1950, and 1956

surveys. The results of the 1928 survey, which included 1925

data, were published in Department of Agriculture, Farm-

Mortgage Credit, Technical Bulletin No. 288, February 1932.

Results of the later surveys appear in the two cooperative

publications referred to above. Some earlier census-year esti

mates were revised on the basis of relationships established

by the more recent surveys to make estimates for all census

years more comparable.

Estimates for intercensal years are based on data on the

amount of mortgages held by certain lending agencies, on esti

mates of the amount of farm mortgages recorded annually by

major lender groups, and on the distribution by lenders of

farm-mortgage debt in the last preceding census. Whenever

a new census-year benchmark was established, the intercensal-

year estimates were revised to reflect the new trend. For

the years prior to 1935, the data on mortgages recorded were

compiled from the records of selected counties through a na

tionwide Works Progress Administration project sponsored by

267

K 170-172 AGRICULTURE

the Bureau of Agricultural Economics. For 1935-1957, this

information was collected by the Farm Credit Administration.

Revisions of annual debt estimates for 1950-1957 appear in

Agricultural Research Service, Farm-Mortgage Debt Rises in

1957, ARS 43-59, September 1957. A number of publications

of the Bureau of Agricultural Economics contain annual esti

mates of farm-mortgage debt revised to the last census-year

benchmark preceding the date of publication: Agricultural Fi

nance Review, vol. 15, supplement I, May 1953, which has

annual data by States for 1945-1953; Farm-Mortgage Loans

and Their Distribution by Lender Groups, 1940-1948, USDA

Circular No. 812, August 1949; Revised Annual Estimates of

Farm-Mortgage Debt by States, 1930-1943, April 1944; Distri

bution by Lender Groups of Farm-Mortgage and Real Estate

Holdings, January 1, 1930-1945, August 1945.

The Federal land banks were organized pursuant to the

Federal Farm Loan Act of 1916 and became important lenders

in the farm-mortgage field, particularly after 1933. The data

on loans outstanding and loans closed (series K 163 and K

168) are from publications of the Farm Credit Administration

or its predecessor, the Federal Farm Loan Board. Land Bank

Commissioner loans, first made under the authority of the

Emergency Farm-Mortgage Act of 1933, were taken over by

the Federal Farm Mortgage Corporation upon its creation in

1934 and were continued until July 1, 1947, when authority to

make new loans, except those incidental to liquidation, expired.

In 1955, the remaining outstanding loans of the Corporation

were sold to the Federal land banks. For a discussion of these

agencies, see Department of Agriculture, Farm-Mortgage

Credit Facilities in the United States, Miscellaneous Publica

tion No. 478, 1942, and annual reports of the Farm Credit

Administration.

Figures on farm-mortgage debt held by life insurance com

panies (series K 164) are estimates of the Bureau of Agricul

tural Economics and the Agricultural Research Service and

refer to unpaid principal owed to the companies. The esti

mates are based on data from the annual statements of com

panies that hold a large part of all farm-mortgage debt held

by life insurance companies, supplemented with other informa

tion obtained by mail from various companies. The data for

1910-1929 include the unpaid principal of regular mortgages

only; for 1930-1957, they also include the unpaid principal of

purchase-money mortgages and farm real estate sales con

tracts. Estimates of the Institute of Life Insurance have

been used since 1945 for United States totals—and since 1950

for State totals—of the book value of this group's holdings of

farm mortgages. See also the following Department of Agri

culture publications: Farm-Mortgage Loans Held by Life

Insurance Companies, ARS 43-58, October 1957; Farm Invest

ments of Life Insurance Companies, 1956, ARS 43-57, October

1956; and Farm-Mortgage Investments of Life Insurance Com

panies, December 1943.

Figures on farm-mortgage debt held by commercial and

savings banks (series K 165) for 1910-1947 do not cover all

banks, but they do represent a very large proportion of all

bank loans on farm real estate. For 1910-1934, the data in

clude only open State and national banks, and are estimates

prepared by the Bureau of Agricultural Economics from spe

cial surveys and reports of bank supervisory authorities. (See

Agricultural Loans of Commercial Banks, USDA Technical

Bulletin No. 521, July 1936, for a discussion of these special

surveys.) For 1935-1947, the data include only farm-mort

gage loans of insured commercial banks as summarized in

reports of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. For

1948-1957, the data include farm-mortgage debt held by all

operating banks—commercial, savings, and private—as com

piled by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and pub

lished in annual reports of the Comptroller of the Currency.

Sales contracts on farm real estate may or may not be included

in the figures, because banks often classify such contracts with

the real estate owned. The figures do not include loans of

closed banks, of mutual savings banks before 1948, nor of non-

insured commercial banks for 1935-1947.

The joint-stock land banks (series K 166 and K 169) also

authorized under the Federal Farm Loan Act of 1916, were

under Federal supervision and regulation, but differed from

the Federal land banks in that they were privately owned.

Their organization and growth are discussed in C. H. Schwartz,

Jr., Financial Study of the Joint-Stock Land Banks, Washing

ton College Press, Takoma Park, Md., 1938, as well as in the

publications cited above for Federal land banks. Liquidation

of the joint-stock banks was called for in the Emergency

Farm Mortgage Act of 1933 and was completed in 1951. For

several Federal and federally sponsored agencies, "loans closed"

include only their regular loans as distinct from purchase-

money mortgages and sales contracts, and they are not neces

sarily comparable with "loans recorded" by other lender groups.

Within the lender group identified as "individuals and oth

ers" (series K 167), individuals are by far the most important

holders of farm mortgages. Because of its residual nature,

this general lender group also includes many miscellaneous

sources of farm-mortgage credit, including mortgage, real es

tate, finance, and investment companies; State and local gov

ernmental agencies; religious, educational, civic, and fraternal

organizations; mercantile firms dealing largely in farm sup

plies; lending agencies operating chiefly in the urban mortgage

field but sometimes lending on farmland; corporations and

associations chiefly engaged in making production loans but

sometimes requiring real estate as security; and the Farmers

Home Administration (formerly Farm Security Administra

tion). In addition to these are the loans of mutual savings

banks, for 1910-1947, closed commercial banks, noninsured

commercial banks for 1935-1947, insurance companies other

than life insurance companies, and certain types of loans not

specifically included in the figures for the major lending groups.

K 170-172. Interest payable on farm mortgages, 1910-1957.

Source: Agricultural Research Service and Farm Credit

Administration, records.

These data represent average contract rates. They are av

erages of the rates charged by the various types of lenders

weighted by the amount of mortgages recorded or held by each.

Furthermore, they are averages of rates on all farm mort

gages regardless of their priority. It should be pointed out

that year-to-year changes in the average rates do not neces

sarily reflect changes in the level of interest rates charged by

the different lenders but may represent changes in the distri

bution among the lender groups of loans recorded or held.

The averages are based on the rates specified in the mortgage

contract and payable by borrowers during the calendar year;

they do not necessarily represent averages of the rates actually

paid, except that for rates on outstanding mortgages, they do

reflect the temporarily reduced rates of the Federal land banks

for 1934-1944 and of the Federal Farm Mortgage Corpora

tion for 1938-1945.

Some information either on interest rates or interest charges

on outstanding mortgages was obtained in the Censuses of

Agriculture for 1890, 1920, 1930, and 1940. Interest rates on

mortgages recorded , (series K 170) come from two sources.

The averages for odd-numbered years from 1941 to 1953 are

estimates of the Farm Credit Administration based on mort

gages recorded during the month of March in approximately

268

AGRICULTURAL LOANS—COUNTRY BANK DEPOSITS K 173-180

one-third of the counties in the United States. For 1955 and

1957, the average interest rates are based on mortgages re

corded in the first quarter of the year. Rates for 1910-1935

were developed from data obtained in a nationwide Works

Progress Administration project sponsored by the Bureau of

Agricultural Economics (see that agency's Average Rates of

Interest Charged on Farm-Mortgage Recordings of Selected

Lender Groups, November 1940).

Average interest rates on outstanding mortgages (series K

171) for 1937-1957 are based on data obtained by the Bureau

of Agricultural Economics, the Agricultural Research Service,

and the Bureau of the Census in special surveys made in cen

sus years and from Farm Credit Administration surveys of

farm-mortgage recordings made in selected months of inter-

censal years. For 1910-1936, the rates are based on the WPA

data mentioned above. Rates on mortgages recorded as re

ported in the WPA project were converted to rates on out

standing mortgages by assuming that all mortgages recorded

remained in effect for a period equal to the average of the

terms of years specified in the mortgage contracts. This pro

cedure was used for all lender groups except the Federal land

banks and Federal Farm Mortgage Corporation for which av

erages were computed from information on the amount of

loans outstanding at various interest rates. (See Bureau of

Agricultural Economics, Interest Charges Payable on Farm In

debtedness in the United States, 1910-40, August 1942.) Some

of the data for years after 1930 were later revised ; see Bureau

of Agricultural Economics, Revised Annual Estimates of In

terest Charges and Interest Rates on Farm-Mortgage Debt,

1930-43, October 1944, and USDA Circular No. 821, Farm-

Mortgage Interest Charges and Interest Rates, 1940-48, Octo

ber 1949.

Figures for interest charges payable (series K 172) were

developed from the estimates of farm-mortgage debt outstand

ing at the beginning of each year and the average interest

rates charged thereon, except in the case of the Federal

land banks and the Federal Farm Mortgage Corporation.

Calendar-year estimates were computed by averaging the

charges payable on debts outstanding at the beginning of each

year and the beginning of the succeeding year. For the Fed

eral land banks and the Federal Farm Mortgage Corporation,

the actual amounts of interest charges payable on their out

standing loans during the calendar year were obtained from

the Farm Credit Administration. These amounts, of course,

excluded those charges no longer payable because of the in

terest reductions granted to borrowers. For more detailed dis

cussion, see publications previously .cited.

K 173-177. Non-real-estate agricultural loans to farmers,

1910-1957.

Source: Federal Farm Loan Board and Farm Credit Ad

ministration, records.

See also specific sources mentioned below.

Non-real-estate credit, variously called short-term credit,

personal and collateral credit, or production credit, is obtained

by farmers from many sources including banks, Federal and

federally sponsored credit agencies, merchants, dealers, com

mission men, finance companies, landlords, and other individ

uals. Commercial banks have provided the bulk of this type

of credit extended by credit institutions although, since the

early 1930's, Federal and federally sponsored agencies and

finance companies have become important in this lending field.

The volume of non-real-estate credit extended by sources other

than banks and Federal agencies is believed to have been

about $3% billion in recent years; however, data for precise

estimates are lacking.

Since 1939, non-real-estate agricultural loan data of all op

erating banks have been available from the Comptroller of

the Currency and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.

Since 1936, similar loans of insured commercial banks, whose

loans comprise about 97 percent of the loans of all banks,

have been regularly reported by the Federal Deposit Insurance

Corporation. For earlier years, the only data of this type

available are from Department of Agriculture surveys made

in 1914, 1918, 1921, 1924, 1931, 1934, and 1936, all of which

(except for 1936) are discussed in that Department's Agri

cultural Loans of Commercial Banks, Technical Bulletin No.

521, July 1936. Upon the basis of these survey data and of

data on all loans of "country" national banks for intervening

years, estimates have been made back to 1910. See the Agri

cultural Finance Review, "Short-Term Agricultural Loans of

Commercial Banks, 1910-1945," vol. 8, November 1945; and

Major Statistical Series of the U.S. Department of Agriculture,

Agriculture Handbook No. 118, vol. 6.

The Federal Government first entered the non-real-estate

agricultural credit field in 1918 when it made available $5

million for direct loans to farmers in the Northwest and South

west where there had been two successive crop failures. Dur

ing the 1920's, seed and feed loans were made available from

time to time in certain "distressed" areas by special Acts of

Congress. In the early 1930's, the basis for lending was

broadened and the Emergency Crop and Feed Loan Office came

to be a more-or-less permanent source of credit for farmers

in distress. The Farmers Home Administration Act of 1946

transferred the activities of the Emergency Crop and Feed

Loan Office from the Farm Credit Administration to the newly

created Farmers Home Administration (successor to the Farm

Security Administration) and provided for the liquidation of

these loans. Thereafter, any loans of this character were

made by the Farmers Home Administration under the pro

visions of the new law and are not included in this series. For

a further discussion of the crop and feed loan program, see

Department of Agriculture, Federal Seed-Loan Financing and

Its Relation to Agricultural Rehabilitation and Land Use, Tech

nical Bulletin No. 539, October 1936; and reports of the Farm

Credit Administration.

The Agricultural Credits Act of 1923 created the Federal

intermediate credit banks, the first permanent federally spon

sored credit agencies making non-real-estate loans available to

farmers. These banks make no loans directly to farmers, but

they do make loans to and discount loans for private financing

institutions (agricultural credit corporations and livestock loan

companies). Loans discounted by the Federal intermediate

credit banks for the production credit associations since their

organization in 1933 are not included here. See Frieda Baird

and Claude L. Benner, Ten Years of Federal Intermediate

Credits, The Brookings Institution, Washington, D.C., 1933;

and reports of the Farm Credit Administration.

The same 1923 Act also authorized the Federal intermediate

credit banks to provide loans to and discounts for agricultural

cooperatives; that is, direct loans to marketing cooperatives

on the security of commodities. In 1933, special legislation au

thorized the creation of the "banks for cooperatives," which,

by 1936, had largely taken over the function of the inter

mediate credit banks in making loans to cooperatives. A part

of the loan funds of the "banks for cooperatives," however, is

supplied by the Federal intermediate credit banks.

K 178-180. Indexes of deposits of country banks, 1923-1957.

Source : Department of Agriculture, records.

The indexes for demand, time, and total deposits are based

upon deposits of member banks of the Federal Reserve Sys

tem, located in places of less than 15,000 inhabitants in the 20

leading agricultural States. (See Department of Agriculture,

269

K 181-204 AGRICULTURE

Demand Deposits of Country Banks, Technical Bulletin No.

575, August 1937; Agricultural Finance Review Supplement,

vol. 15, May 1953; and Major Statistical Series of the US.

Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook No. 118,

vol. 6.)

K 181-189. Number, memberships, and business of farmers,

marketing and purchasing cooperatives, 1913-1956.

Source: 1913-1955, Farmer Cooperative Service, Statistics

of Farmer Cooperatives, 1954-1955; 1956, Statistics of Farmer

Cooperatives, 1955-1956.

These data were first compiled in 1913-1915 from question

naires collected by mail from all cooperatives known to exist

in the period 1912-1915. In 1919, data on the extent of co

operative marketing and farm supply purchasing were collected

as a part of the Census of Agriculture. Other nationwide

surveys were conducted in 1922 and for the fiscal years 1925-

1926 and 1927-1928. Beginning with 1929-1930, annual nation

wide surveys have been taken of farmer marketing, farm

supply, and related services cooperatives. Data were collected

by mail in each of these surveys except for 1936-1937 when

information was collected in the field by Farm Credit Admin

istration in cooperation with the banks for cooperatives and

33 State agricultural colleges.

A bona fide farmer cooperative is defined as one in which

(1) farmers or agricultural producers hold the controlling in

terest; (2) no member is allowed more than one vote because

of the amount of stock or membership capital he owns therein,

or the cooperative does not pay dividends on stock or member

ship capital in excess of 8 percent a year; and (3) products

of nonmembers are not handled in an amount greater in value

than products of members. The annual survey includes all

active bona fide farmer cooperatives responding to the initial

questionnaire and showing their cooperative status, marketing

of farm products, handling of farm supplies, or performing of

services related to marketing or farm supply purchasing.

As cooperatives tended increasingly to diversify their opera

tions, the annual survey figures became less satisfactory.

Therefore, beginning with the survey covering fiscal 1951, re

vised questionnaires were used to develop information on a

functional and commodity basis.

A very high percentage of response has been obtained in

the annual survey. In the survey for fiscal 1955, 92 percent

of the 9,887 associations in the survey furnished information.

Estimates for nonreporting associations are based on every

available source of information including periodicals and news

papers published by cooperatives.

K 190-194. Indexes of farm output and gross production of

livestock, by groups, 1870-1957.

Source: 1870-1900, Department of Agriculture, Gross Farm

Income and Indices of Farm Production and Prices in the

United States, 1869-1937, Technical Bulletin No. 703, December

1940; 1910-1967, see source for series K 82. Census years,

Bureau of the Census, US. Census of Agriculture: 1954, vol.

II, p. 435.

The index of farm output (series K 190) includes all crops

produced during the crop year except hayseeds, pasture seeds,

cover crop seeds, and hay and concentrates fed to horses and

mules on farms. The index also includes "net" livestock pro

duction (gross livestock production minus hay and concentrates

fed) other than horses and mules on a calendar-year basis.

This calculation is made to eliminate counting of feed crops

in both livestock and crop production. The farm output index

is also available for each of the nine census geographic divi

sions from 1919 to 1957. Although the indexes prior to 1910

are not strictly comparable with those for 1910-1957, they

provide the best available measures for the early years.

The indexes on livestock production (as well as crop produc

tion) are measures of gross production, as they include items

of production excluded in the index of farm output. They are

subdivided into three livestock groups and nine crop groups.

Weighted average prices per unit of each commodity are

used in constructing these indexes. Separate sets of weights

are calculated for each of the nine census geographic divisions.

Official reports of the Agricultural Marketing Service are the

chief sources of data on both production and prices. The

omission of production from farm forests and other minor

items probably accounts for less than 5 percent of the total

output in recent years. Commodities of little importance are

omitted in some regions for earlier years.

Two weight periods are used: 1935-39 prices for 1939 and

prior years, and 1947-49 prices for the period beginning in

1940. The index series for the two subperiods are "spliced"

together in 1940 through the use of overlapped calculations

for that year. Annual quantity-price aggregates for the

United States are obtained by summing the regional data for

1919-1957.

For more detail, see Major Statistical Series of the United

States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook No.

118, vol. 2.

K 195-204. Livestock on farms and value per head, 1867-1957.

Source: 1867-1919, Bureau of Agricultural Economics, Live

stock on Farms, January 1, 1867-1935, January 1938; 1920-

1939, Livestock on Farms and Ranches on January 1, Statis

tical Bulletin No. 88, 1950; 1940-1954, Agricultural Marketing

Service, Livestock and Poultry Inventory, January 1, Statistical

Bulletin No. 177, June 1956; 1956-1957, Livestock and Poultry

Inventory, January 1, annual releases. Census years, see source

for series K 190-194.

These estimates have been made by the Department of

Agriculture since 1867. The early estimates were based on

reports of the percentage change in numbers from the previous

year by field agents and crop reporters. At 10-year intervals,

the Census of Agriculture furnished the basic figures to which

these percentage changes were applied. Since 1920, annual

estimates are based primarily on survey returns from livestock

producers who report on the number of livestock, by classes,

on their own farms about December 1 each year. Records

of livestock assessed for taxation in the various States have

furnished indications of the annual percentage change in num

bers, and records of marketings and slaughter have been used

both by States and for the United States as check information.

Data from the Census of Agriculture have been used as peri

odic benchmarks for the January 1 estimates but there are

few census years when the Department of Agriculture esti

mates and the census data are in close agreement. One of

the main reasons for these differences is that there are only

a few times when the census was taken as of January 1. In

years when the census relates to a different date, adjustments

are made to determine a January 1 equivalent number. The

Department of Agriculture undertook in the midthirties a gen

eral revision of all estimates prior to 1920 to correct for ir

regularities in the early series and to utilize more fully the

records of numbers assessed for taxation and other information

not considered in preparing the original estimates; see first-

cited source above.

Prior to 1920, crop reporters provided a single estimate of

the value per head for a given species. Since 1920, the

estimates are weighted averages based on values per head

reported separately for the different age and sex classes of a

270

LIVESTOCK—MEAT K 205-233

given species—using as weights the estimated number in the

respective class.

K 205, 208, 210. Live weight production of livestock, 1909-

1957.

Source: 1909-1944, Bureau of Agricultural Economics, Meat

Animals, Farm Production, and Income, 192U-19UU, September

1947; 1945-1949, Meat Animals, Farm Production, Disposition,

and Income, Statistical Bulletin No. 113, July 1952; 1950-1954,

Agricultural Marketing Service, Meat Animals, Farm Produc

tion, Disposition, and Income, Statistical Bulletin No. 184;

1955-1957, annual releases of publication with same title.

Production in live weight relates to the total poundage pro

duced on farms and ranches during a calendar year. The

estimate of production is derived by determining for each

State a balance sheet which shows as debit items the inventory

at the beginning of the year, the births, and inshipments, and

as credit items, the marketings, farm slaughter, death losses,

and numbers on hand at end of year. Estimates of average

live weight are based on reports from slaughterers, collected

by the Department of Agriculture and in the Census of Manu

facturers, and on records obtained from stockyards. In re

cent years, reports have been obtained from farmers on the

average weight of livestock slaughtered on farms. The total

live weight for beginning and end of year is obtained by multi

plying estimates of the different age and sex classes for a

species by an estimate of their respective average live weight.

Live weight of marketings, farm slaughter, and inshipments is

determined by multiplying the estimate for these items by the

respective average live weight. To obtain production, the total

weight of inshipments is subtracted from the combined weight

of marketings and farm slaughter. Then the difference in the

inventory weight between the beginning and end of year is

added or subtracted as the case might be.

K 206, 207, 209, 211, 212. Annual average price received per

hundred pounds of livestock by farmers, 1909-1957.

Source: 1909-1955, Agricultural Marketing Service, Prices

Received by Farmers, 1908-1955, Statistical Bulletin No. 180,

June 1956; 1956-1957, Agricultural Prices, April 1958 and 1959.

Price information is obtained from voluntary price reporters

who furnish average local market prices each month. The

estimates of monthly prices are weighted by monthly estimates

of marketings to obtain the annual average. The monthly

marketings are based on reports from stockyards and packers

on monthly receipts of livestock by State of origin.

K 213. Workstock, 2 years old and over, on farms, 1920-1957.

Source: See source for series K 195-204.

K 214-225. Meat slaughtering, production, and price, 1899-

1957.

Source: 1899-1945, Production and Marketing Administra

tion, Livestock Market News, Statistics and Related Data,

191,6, September 1947; 1946-1957, Agricultural Marketing Serv

ice, annual issues of publication with same title.

Figures for slaughter include federally inspected slaughter

and estimates of all other slaughter (other commercial slaugh

ter and farm slaughter). Before 1944, this information was

obtained largely on an annual basis from various sources; but,

beginning in 1944, information was collected by months, first

under the slaughter control program of the War Food Admin

istration, and later under the slaughter and meat control pro

grams of Office of Price Administration. Current data on

federally inspected slaughter, which includes animals con

demned as unfit for human food, are compiled by the Agricul

tural Research Service in connection with its regulatory func

tions on meat inspection. The number of animals slaughtered

in other commercial channels is estimated by the Agricultural

Marketing Service from monthly reports made by slaughterers

who are not under Federal inspection. Estimates of farm

slaughter are based on annual voluntary reports from livestock

producers with periodic data from the Census of Agriculture

as benchmarks. Production of the different kinds of meat are

computed from estimated average live weights and dressing

yields and, except for pork, is shown on a carcass weight basis.

Pork production represents carcass weight excluding the raw

fat rendered into lard.

The data on production under Federal inspection are based

on records of production and yields reported monthly by

slaughterers operating under Federal inspection. Monthly es

timates of production under Federal inspection are not avail

able prior to 1921. Reports of the biennial Census of

Manufactures on slaughter were used as a basis for annual

production estimates for years for which they are available.

In other years, the estimates were based on information ob

tained from market records and other sources. Currently, in

formation on weights and yields for other commercial slaughter

is based on monthly reports from commercial slaughterers who

are not under Federal inspection.

Prices of the different species of livestock at Chicago for

the early years are from records published in the Drovers

Journal Yearbook. Beginning in 1922, the price of beef steers

at Chicago is based on records of all steers sold out of first

hands for slaughter. The number of head, live weight, and

total value of steers, by grades, are compiled by weeks. The

annual prices represent the weighted average of all grades of

steers sold during the year for slaughter. Since 1919, the

average price for veal calves is based on the average of daily

quotations. The average price of hogs at Chicago has been

obtained from different sources; since 1920, it is the weighted

average of packer and shipper purchases at the Chicago mar

ket. Since 1921, the price of lambs at Chicago represents

an average computed from the bulk of sales price data.

K 226-233. General note.

Early development of the dairy industry in the United States

is indicated by export statistics of 1790 which showed the

New England States, New York, and Pennsylvania producing

considerable amounts of butter and cheese in excess of their

consumption requirements. The growth and spread of the

industry between that time and 1849, when statistics on dairy

ing were first available through the national census, are de

scribed in the Agriculture Yearbook, 1922, pp. 297-306. At

the middle of the 19th century, milk cows were rather gener

ally distributed over the eastern half of the United States as

far west as southern Wisconsin, eastern Iowa, western Mis

souri and Arkansas, and the eastern third of Texas. By 1860,

there were appreciable numbers of milk cows in the Pacific

Coast States. In later years, they gradually spread over the

intervening territory.

Dairy products sold by farmers in the early period were

limited mainly to whole milk, farm-made butter, and farm-

made cheese. Prior to 1850, these products were produced

mainly on farms. The 1850 Census showed the bulk of cheese

production for 1849 coming from farms in the area extending

from northeastern Ohio eastward through New York and

New England. Factory cheese production was in an experi

mental stage shortly before 1850, and made considerable prog

ress during the next two decades. Although some butter

was made in early cheese plants, the first commercial creamery

was not established until 1861. Since that time, factories have

largely supplanted farms in the production of both cheese and

butter.

271

K 226-233 AGRICULTURE

The first condensery was established in 1856, but little inter

est was given the product until the Civil War. Unsweetened

condensed milk was first produced in 1885; the canned un

sweetened product (evaporated milk) now makes up about

nine-tenths of all evaporated and condensed whole milk. Ice

cream was produced and sold by some retail stores in the first

half of the 19th century, and wholesale plant distribution to

dealers began about the middle of the century.

K 226-227. Cows and heifers kept for milk, 1850-1957.

Source: 1867-1929, Department of Agriculture, Agricultural

Statistics, 1941; 1930-1939, Agricultural Statistics, 1946; 1940-

1954, Agricultural Marketing Service, Livestock and Poultry on

Farms, January 1, Number, Value Per Head, and Total Value,

Revised Estimates, 19U0-195U, June 1956; 1955-1957, Livestock

on Farms, January 1, annual issues. (See also Livestock on

Farms, January 1, 1867-1935, January 1938.) Census years,

1850-1920, Bureau of the Census, Sixteenth Census Reports,

Agriculture, vol. Ill, pp. 606-607; 1925-1945, Census of Agri

culture, 19U5, vol. II, p. 381; 1950-1954, U.S. Census of Agri

culture: 1954, vol. II, p. 440.

The estimates are based on interpretation of data from the

Census of Agriculture, tax assessors, and other State agencies,

together with the analysis of changes taking place in herds

kept by a large sample of livestock reporters. With respect

to the data on milk cow numbers obtained in the Censuses of

Agriculture, the wording of the census questions has not nec

essarily been comparable with the definitions represented by

the annual estimates and has varied somewhat from one census

enumeration to another.

K 228. Milk production on farms, 1889-1957.

Source: 1889-1919, Bureau of the Census, various Censuses

of Agriculture reports; 1924-1954, Agricultural Marketing

Service, Milk-Farm Production, Disposition, and Income, Sta

tistical Bulletin No. 175, April 1956; 1955-1957, same title,

April 1959.

Beginning in 1924, the figures represent calendar-year esti

mates. The estimates are based on interpretations of census

data, analysis of annual and monthly survey data on milk

cows and milk production, and checks against information on

milk utilization obtained from dairy plants and other sources.

For 1919 and earlier years, the data are based on Censuses

of Agriculture and converted from gallons to pounds by use of

a conversion factor of 8.6 pounds per gallon. For 1889, the

census totals are the reported figures. For 1899 they include

estimates for incomplete reports, and for 1909 and 1919 they

include estimates of production on farms that reported milk

cows but failed to report milk produced. The 1889 and 1899

data were enumerated as of the following June, the 1909 data

as of April 15, 1910, and the 1919 data as of January 1, 1920.

K 229-232. Production of dairy products, 1849-1957.

Source: 1849-1916, E. E. Vial, Production and Consumption

of Manufactured Dairy Products, Department of Agriculture,

Technical Bulletin No. 722, April 1940; 1917-1939, Agricultural

Marketing Service, Revisions in the Production of Creamery

Butter, Cheese, and Ice Cream by States, 1916-1939, and Pro

duction and Utilization of Milk, United States, 1921^-1952;

1940-1957, same agency, Production of Manufactured Dairy

Products (except for series K 232, 1940-1949, Revisions of Ice

Cream and Ice Milk Data, by States, 19U0-19U9) .

For 1940-1957, data are from the annual survey of output

of dairy plants. For 1916-1939, data were based on the

annual survey of dairy plants supplemented by estimates for in

completeness in some States based on data from the Census of

Manufactures or from State sources. For the years prior to

1916 or 1917, the level of the figures was based mainly on the

Census Bureau's survey of the output of dairy plants with

interpolations for intervening ■ years for some products (see

E. E. Vial, cited above).

Butter production data represent farm and factory produc

tion combined. Factory butter figures for 1917-1957 are for

production of creamery butter and include some estimates

for incompleteness. Figures for factory production for 1849,

1869, 1869, 1879, 1899, 1904, 1909, and 1914 are from the

Census of Manufactures. The 1889 census data were revised

upward to allow for incompleteness. Annual figures on factory

butter production for the intercensal years were interpolated

on the basis of receipts of butter at major central markets

for 1879-1919 and on factory production for 1917-1957.

Cheese production figures include both farm and factory

cheese production prior to 1927. Since 1926, farm cheese

was negligible and is excluded. For 1909-1917, cheese figures

exclude full-skim American. For 1918-1957, data are from

plant reports of all types of cheese manufactured except cot

tage, pot, and bakers' cheese and full-skin American. For 1849,

1859, 1869, 1879, 1889, and 1909 the figures for total cheese

production are from the decennial censuses. The census data

for 1889 were revised upward to allow for incompleteness.

Estimates for the intercensal years 1869-1899 were interpolat

ed on the basis of market receipts. Data on factory production

of cheese for 1904 and 1914 are from the Census of Manufac

tures; data for the intercensal years 1869-1919 were interpo

lated on the basis of market receipts. Production of farm

cheese for the intercensal years 1899-1926 was roughly pro

jected on the basis of average change between census years

and added to the factory product to obtain total cheese figures.

Evaporated and condensed milk production includes evapo

rated whole milk, bulk unsweetened condensed whole milk,

and case and bulk sweetened condensed whole milk. Produc

tion figures for 1879, 1899, 1904, 1909, and 1914 are census

totals for all condensed and evaporated milk. For 1889, the

census data were revised upward to allow for incompleteness.

Data for 1869 are estimated; those for the noncensus years

before 1919 represent an estimated trend of production based

on intervening census data.

Ice cream production figures for 1916-1957 are based on the

annual survey of dairy manufacturing plants supplemented by

estimates for incompleteness in some States based on data

from the Census of Manufactures or State sources. For 1914,

data were estimated from the Census of Manufactures. For

1909 and earlier years, the data represent merely an estimated

trend of production.

K 233. Milk equivalent of manufactured dairy products, 1849-

1957.

Source : See source for series K 229-232.

For 1849-1923, the figures are based on national production

of manufactured dairy products converted to milk equivalent

on the basis of somewhat less refined conversion factors than

those used for later years. As such they include no allowance

for shifts in production between States or areas of high- or

low-testing milk, and they assume standard butterfat content

of the products for all years.

For 1930-1956, data were based on information of products

made in each State and State conversion factors for each

product. Duplication of milk usage involving the production

of butter from whey fat recovered from cheese making and

the use of butter and condensed milk in the production of ice

cream were eliminated.

272

DAIRY PRICES—WOOL—POULTRY K 234-253

K 234-235. Wholesale prices of cheese and butter, 1830-1957.

Source : Agricultural Marketing Service, records.

The wholesale prices of cheese represent averages of weekly

quotations on American twins on the Wisconsin cheese ex

change at Plymouth. The wholesale price of butter is that

for the New York City market. Since 1830, the data for

butter differ somewhat in definition and source (see tabular

footnote).

K 236-239. Prices received by farmers for dairy products,

1909-1957.

Source: 1909-1954, Agricultural Marketing Service, Prices

Received by Farmers, Statistical Bulletin No. 180, June 1956;

1955, Crops and Markets, November 1957, p. 73; 1956,

Agricultural Prices, April 1958; 1957, same title, April 1959.

Prices received by farmers for butter, butterfat, wholesale

milk, and retail milk are estimates based on averages of sur

vey data reported by dealers and farmers for their local mar

ket areas. Prices of butterfat (series K 237) represent the

butterfat in farm-skimmed cream sold by farmers; before

1920, survey information was not collected, and estimates were

extrapolated on the basis of trends in butter prices.

Wholesale milk prices (series K 238) are for milk sold by

farmers to plants and dealers including such establishments

as cheese factories, condenseries, creameries, or market milk

plants. Prior to 1923, these prices were asked on a per-gallon

basis and since that time on a per-100-pounds basis. Addi

tional historic information on wholesale milk-price series was

collected by direct plant contacts during the middle 1930's

when the State estimates were revised. See also Bureau of

Agricultural Economics, Wholesale Prices Received by Farmers

for Whole Milk, 1909-36, February 1937 (mimeographed).

Retail milk prices (series K 239) represent the milk re

tailed by farmers directly to consumers. Before 1923, survey

information was collected on a price per-gallon rather than

per-quart basis. Some of the increase in price between 1909

and 1945 probably represents additional services rendered in

process of distributing the milk. See also Bureau of Agricul

tural Economics, United States Average Farm Prices of Dairy

Products, 1910-34, June 1934 (mimeographed) .

K 240-241. Shorn wool production and price, 1869-1957.

Source: Series K 240, 1869-1908, Agriculture Yearbook,

1923; series K 241, 1869-1908, Department of Agriculture,

Gross Farm Income and Indices of Farm Production and

Prices in the United States, 1869-1937, Technical Bulletin No.

703, December 1940; series K 240-241, 1909-1956, Livestock

and' Meat Statistics, Statistical Bulletin No. 230, July 1958;

1957, Supplement to Statistical Bulletin No. 230.

The original source of data for 1869-1908 was the National

Association of Wool Manufacturers. Estimates have been

made by the Department of Agriculture since 1909. Wool

production is estimated by ascertaining the number of sheep

and lambs shorn and the average weight per fleece, and using

data from the Censuses of Agriculture as periodic benchmarks.

Extensive revisions of production estimates back through 1909

were made in 1936. The figures for 1869-1908 are not com

parable to these revised estimates. To illustrate the lack of

comparability, the unrevised production estimate of 287 mil

lion pounds for 1909, published in the Agriculture Yearbook

for 1923, may be compared with the revised estimate of 310

million pounds.

K 242-253. Poultry and eggs—number, production, and price,

1909-1957.

Source: Series K 242-248, 1909-1944, Bureau of Agricul

tural Economics, Farm Production, Disposition, and Income

From Chickens and Eggs, Statistical Bulletin No. 133, July

1953; 1945-1949, same title, June 1952; 1950-1953, Agricultural

Marketing Service, same title, Statistical Bulletin No. 183 ; 1954,

same title, April 1956 (mimeographed) ; 1955, same title, April

1957; 1956, same title, April 1958; 1957, same title, April

1959.

Series K 249-253, 1929-1944, Bureau of Agricultural Eco

nomics, Farm Production, Disposition, and Income From Tur

keys, June 1953; 1945-1949, same title, May 1952; 1950-1954,

Agricultural Marketing Service, same title, Statistical Bulletin

No. 182; 1955, same title, March 1957 (mimeographed); 1956-

1957, same title, March 1958.

Census data for chickens, 1910-1945, Bureau of the Census,

Census of Agriculture, 191,5, vol. II, pp. 406-407; 1950 and

1954, U.S. Census of Agriculture: 1954, vol. II, p. 531. Census

data for turkeys, 1910-1940, Sixteenth Census Reports, Agri

culture, Special Poultry Report, p. 46; 1950 and 1954, I7.S.

Census of Agriculture : 1954, vol. II, p. 556.

The estimates are believed to indicate, within reasonable

limits of accuracy, the actual number of farm chickens and

turkeys; the production of chickens, turkeys, and eggs; and,

with greater accuracy, the direction and extent of the changes

from year to year.

Complete surveys of the hatchery industry are made every

year in some States and every few years in all States. Month

ly estimates of the production of baby chicks, based on returns

from about 60 percent of total hatchery capacity, are also

made. These figures of hatchery output together with a

determination annually of the proportion of all farm chicks

that came from hatcheries, give a dependable check on the

actual level of chicken production.

Estimates of inventory numbers of chickens on farms

January 1 (series K 242) are based primarily upon census

enumerations. These enumerations for 1910-1955 were ad

justed for changes between January 1 and the average date

of enumeration in each State, and cover only farm flocks as

defined by the Census Bureau. Estimates of change in num

bers from year to year are based on rural carrier surveys

made in December of each year, covering about 150,000 live

stock farms, and on changes in flocks belonging to about 30,000

crop reporters, plus assessor and State farm census data where

available.

Although census enumerations of chickens on farms were

made in 1880, 1890, and 1900, the Department of Agriculture

did not make annual estimates until 1909 because data show

ing annual changes were not available.

Estimates of inventory numbers of turkeys on farms Jan

uary 1 (series K 249) are based primarily upon the census

enumerations of turkeys on farms January 1, 1935, and April

1, 1940, adjusted for changes in numbers between January 1

and the date of enumeration. Turkeys on farms were not re

ported in the 1945 Census. The number c~ January 1, 1945,

was estimated from the relationship between turkeys raised

in 1944 and the number on hand January 1, 1945, as re

ported by crop and livestock reporters, using as a base the

revised estimates of turkeys raised in 1944 based on the census

enumeration. Annual changes in the estimates for interven

ing years are based mainly on the numbers on hand as re

ported on January 1 by crop and livestock reporters. Esti

mates of turkeys raised from 1954-1957 are based on poultry

placement data secured from hatcheries. About an 88-percent

sample is obtained. Although census enumerations of turkeys

on farms were made in 1890, 1900, 1910, and 1920, the De

partment of Agriculture did not make annual estimates for

years prior to 1929 because data showing annual changes were

not available.

Chickens (series E 244) and turkeys (series K 251) pro

duced on farms are computed from the number raised during

273

K 254-268 AGRICULTURE

the year, minus the death loss of chickens and of turkeys

that were on hand at the beginning of the year. Young chick

ens and young turkeys of the current year's hatchings that

die are also excluded.

Egg production (series K 247) is estimated from returns

from about 30,000 crop respondents and 5,000 commercial egg

producers reporting on the first of each month for their own

flocks the number of layers on hand and the eggs produced

yesterday. Beginning with the estimated total number of

layers on farms at the beginning of the year, the change in

numbers from month to month is estimated from the changes

shown by these survey farms. The monthly average number

of layers and total egg production is revised at the end of the

year if the change in number of layers shown by an annual

survey with about 150,000 returns differs from the change

estimated from monthly returns. Adjustment is also made

for change in poultry farms on a monthly and annual basis.

K 254-328. General note.

For many crops, estimates of acreage, production-, and prices

begin in 1866, the year in which the Department of Agri

culture began making regular reports. Agricultural Statis

tics, particularly the issues of 1941 and 1952, presents most

of the available statistics, chiefly on a national basis, covering

every phase, from acreage and production of individual com

modities to utilization and consumption. Crop Production

(Crop Reporting Board) presents monthly forecasts for the

current season, beginning in March and carrying through the

growing season.

The December issue provides a summary for the current

season, revisions for the previous season, and comparisons

with previous years. Forecasts and summary are on a State

basis and for the United States. These data also appear in

Crops and Markets. Other releases by the Crop Reporting

Board present midmonth and season average prices received

by farmers, value of sales and production, farm disposition,

stocks in all positions, and other data. Periodic revisions con

nect current data with the longer historical series.

The censuses provide detailed data for counties. Census

data are often not entirely comparable with the estimates

shown, but furnish the benchmarks to establish the level of

the estimates. For years before 1866, information from trade

sources is available for some crops, such as cotton, tobacco,

and rice.

Crop estimates are based chiefly upon reports. from volun

teer farmer-reporters who represent every part of every State.

Check information is gathered from processor*; from transpor

tation and storage facilities, from buyers of farm products,

from annual State farm enumerations, from various farm pro

grams, and from other governmental agencies such as the

Bureau of the Census, the Bureau of Internal Revenue, and

the Bureau of Customs.

Season average prices are averages of the midmonth prices

weighted by the quantity sold each month in the crop-market

ing season, which is the 12-month period following the har

vesting of the crop. This season may vary for different crops,

and for any crop it may vary by States. The season aver

age price of any crop is the average of all the State prices,

weighted by the production of each State. Thus, it may be

applied to production in any given year to obtain a measure

of the value of that production. State season average prices

may be weighted by quantities sold in each State to obtain an

average for the United States which may be applied to total

quantities sold in the United States to measure value of sales

in the crop season. In neither case, however, should the com

puted value be confused with calendar-year income from the

crop. Monthly estimates of quantity sold are based upon

reports of receipts by the chief purchasers of the commodity—

in the case of grains, the interior mills and elevators.

Midmonth prices received by farmers are estimated by the

Crop Reporting Board and are based upon reports from thou

sands of firms dealing directly with farmers (such as eleva

tors, truckers, processors, produce dealers, etc.) and from

farmers themselves. The estimates are issued monthly for

the principal farm commodities in Agricultural Prices.

Season average prices for each State and the United States

are summed up in the December issue of Crop Values and in

Field and Seed Crops Farm Production, Farm Disposition, and

Value issued each May. Data for season average prices

begins for most commodities in 1908, but is supplemented for

preceding years by the December 1 price series based on

farmers' estimates on December 1 of average prices for the

season's sales.

K 254-264. Indexes of gross production of crops, by groups,

1910-1957.

Source : See source for series K 82.

See text for series K 190-194 for description of the index

and explanation of its construction.

K 265-268. Corn acreage, production, price, and stocks,

1839-1957.

Source: Series K 265-266, 1866-1943, Agricultural Market

ing Service, Acreage, Yield, and Production, 1866-1943, June

1954 (processed) ; 1944-1948, Crop Production, Statistical Bul

letin No. 108, March 1952 (processed) ; 1949-1954, Field Crops,

Acreage, Yield, and Production, Statistical Bulletin No. 185,

June 1956 (processed) ; 1955-1957, Crop Production, Decem

ber annual summary, 1956, 1957, and 1958. For census years,

Bureau of the Census, U.S. Census of Agriculture, 1954,

vol. II, p. 568.

Series K 267, 1866-1938, Department of Agriculture, Agri

cultural Statistics, 1952; 1939-1954, Agricultural Statistics,

1956; 1955-1957, Agricultural Marketing Service, Crop Values,

December 1956, 1957, and 1958.

Series K 268, 1926-1939, Com: Revised Estimates of Stocks

on Farms, 1926-41, April 1943 (processed) ; 1940-1943, Re

vised Estimates of Stocks on Farms, July 1947 (processed) ;

1944-1948, Farms Stocks of Grains, Oilseeds, and Hay, April

1952 (processed) ; 1949-1955, Stocks of Grains, Oilseeds, and

Hay, Statistical Bulletin No. 203, January 1957 (processed) ;

1956, Stocks of Grain in All Positions, July 1957; 1957, Stocks

of Grain in All Positions, October 1957.

See also general note for series K 254-328.

Corn figures include not only the production of corn on the

acreage harvested for grain, but also an allowance for that

harvested for silage and for forage, including some harvested

by grazing farm animals (commonly called hogging off). Es

timates of acreage harvested for grain, for silage, and for

forage, including that hogged off, and production of corn for

grain and silage are published by the Crop Reporting Board.

Census figures for 1919 and previous years for both acreage

and production represent corn harvested for grain only. For

1924-1939, census data for acreage represent corn harvested

for all purposes, but those for production represent corn har

vested for grain only.

The Crop Reporting Board has estimated farm stocks (series

K 268), by States, quarterly since 1926 from reports of a large

number of farmers. Farm stocks represent the farm carry

over for crops of previous years, which become a part of the

274

CROPS K 269-291

feed supply for the new season. In addition to farm stocks

of corn, stocks in all off-farm positions have been estimated

since 1943. Comparison with the farm-stocks data indicates

that the bulk of carryover stocks of corn on October 1 of

any year is still on farms.

K 269-273. Wheat acreage, production, price, and stocks,

1839-1957.

Source: Series K 269-270, 1866-1943, Agricultural Mar

keting Service, Wheat Acreage, Yield, and Production, 1866-

1943, Statistical Bulletin No. 168, February 1955 (processed) ;

for census data, 1944, Census of Agriculture: 1950, pp. 556-

557, and other 1944-1957 data, see source cited for series

K 265-266, above.

Series K 271, see source cited for series K 267, above.

Series K 272, 1926-1939, Stocks of Wheat on Farms, Re

vised Estimates, 1926-41, February 1943 (processed) ; 1940-

1955, see source cited for series K 268, above; 1956-1957,

Stocks of Grain in All Positions, July 1957 and 1958.

Series K 273, 1926-1929, Department of Agriculture, Agri

cultural Statistics, 191,1; 1930-1933, Agricultural Statistics,

1946; 1934-1955, Agricultural Marketing Service, Statistical

Bulletin No. 203, January 1957 (processed) ; 1956-1957, Stocks

of Grain in All Positions, July 1957 and 1958.

Wheat figures are the combined estimates for winter, durum,

and other spring wheat, harvested for grain. Separate series

for each of these kinds, by market classes, are published by

the Crop Reporting Board. The census data on acreage and

production are regarded as comparable with the estimates in

most cases. Wheat acreage harvested for hay is not included

in these series.

Farm stocks of all wheat, by States, have been estimated

quarterly since 1926 from reports of a large number of farm

ers. Farm stocks (series K 272) represent the farm carry

over from previous crops at the beginning of a new crop year.

The carryover added to the new crop is the supply for the

new season. Stocks in interior mills, elevators, and ware

houses (series K 273) have been estimated by the Crop Re

porting Board since 1919, and data on stocks in other commer

cial storages have been gathered by other agencies for varying

periods.

See also general note for series K 254-328.

K 274-276. Oats for grain acreage, production, and price,

1839-1957.

Source: Series K 274-275, 1866-1943, Agricultural Market

ing Service, Acreage, Yield, and Production, 1866-1943, June

1954 (processed); 1944-1957 and for census years, see source

for series K 265-266. Series K 276, see source for series

K 267.

For 1866-1948, oats for grain figures include the acreage

cut ripe and fed unthreshed; for 1949-1957, they include only

the acreage and production combined or threshed. Estimates

of harvested acreage exclude oats cut green for hay for all

years and oats cut ripe and fed unthreshed, 1949-1957. Cen

sus data are comparable only with the estimates beginning in

1949. Data on farm stocks and stocks in off-farm positions

are also available in publications of the Crop Reporting Board.

See also general note for series K 254-328.

K 277-279. Barley for grain acreage, production, and price,

1839-1957.

Source: Series K 277-278, 1866-1908, Department of Agri

culture, Agricultural Statistics, 1941; 1909-1938, Agricultural

Statistics, 196S; 1939-1943, Agricultural Marketing Service,

Field and Seed Crops, Acreage, Yield, and Production, April

1947 (processed) ; 1944-1957 and for census years, see source

for series K 265-266. Series K 279, 1866-1908, Agricultural

Statistics, 1941; 1909-1938, Agricultural Statistics, 195%;

1939-1957, see source cited for series K 267.

The annual estimates of barley acreage and production and

the census data are on a comparable basis. Barley cut for

hay is excluded. Figures on farm stocks are available from

1933-1957, and stocks in off-farm positions have been esti

mated since 1943. These data are available in various publi

cations of Agricultural Marketing Service.

See also general note for series K 254-328.

K 280-282. Flaxseed acreage, production, and price, 1849-1957.

Source: Series K 281, 1866-1888, Agricultural Marketing

Service, Revised Estimates of Flaxseed Production, 1866-1929,

July 1936 (processed). Series K 280-282, 1889-1957, see

source for series K 277-279. Census years, Bureau of the

Census, U.S. Census of Agriculture, 1954, vol. II, p. 570.

See also general note for series K 254-328.

Annual estimates and census data are on a comparable basis.

Flax grown for fiber is not included in the acreage estimates;

flaxseed deseeded from fiber flax is not included in the pro

duction estimates. Estimates of fiber flax are available in

publications of the Crop Reporting Board. Farm-stocks data

and stocks in off-farm positions, 1947-1957, are also available

from the same source.

K 283-285. Soybeans for beans acreage, production, and price,

1924-1957.

Source: Series K 283-284, 1924-1953, Agricultural Market

ing Service, Statistical Bulletin No. 211, June 1957 (processed) ;

1954, Field Crops, Acreage, Yield, and Production, Statistical

Bulletin No. 185, June 1956 (processed) ; 1955-1957, Crop Pro

duction, December annual summary, 1956, 1957, and 1958.

Series K 285, 1924-1953, Statistical Bulletin No. 211 (cited

above) ; 1954-1957, Crop Values, December 1955, 1956, 1957,

and 1958. Census years, Bureau of the Census, U. S. Census

of Agriculture : 1954, vol. II, p. 571.

Price figures are season average prices prepared by weight

ing the midmonth prices received by farmers. Figures for

acreage grown for all purposes, alone and interplanted, and

acreage and production of soybeans for hay are also esti

mated by the Crop Reporting Board. Data on farm stocks

and stocks in off-farm positions, 1942-1957, are also available

in publications of the same agency.

See also general note for series K 254-328.

K 286-288. Rice acreage, production, and price, 1895-1957.

Source: Series K 286-287, 1895-1943, Agricultural Market

ing Service, Fluctuations in Crops and Weather, Statistical

Bulletin No. 101, June 1951 (processed) ; 1944-1957 and for

census years, see source for series K 265-266. Series K

288, 1904-1928, Agricultural Marketing Service, records; 1929-

1957, see source for series K 267.

See also general note for series K 254-328.

K 289-291. Rye for grain acreage, production, and price, 1866-

1957.

Source: Series K 289-290, 1866-1908, Department of Agri

culture, Agricultural Statistics, 1941; 1909-1943, Agricultural

Statistics, 1952; 1944-1957 and for census years, see source

for series K 265-266. Series K 291, 1866-1908, Agricultural

Statistics, 1941 ; 1909-1957, see source for series E 267.

See also general note for series K 254-328.

Data on farm stocks are available from 1933-1957 and on

stocks in off-farm positions from 1943.

275

K 292-315 AGRICULTURE

K 292-294. Buckwheat acreage, production, and price, 1866-

1957.

Source: 1866-1953, Agricultural Marketing Service, Rice,

Popcorn and Buckwheat Acreage, Yield, Production, Price and

Value, 1866-1953, Statistical Bulletin No. 238, October 1958;

1949-1957, see source for series K 269-271.

See also general note for series K 254-328.

K 295-297. Sugarcane acreage, production, and price, 1909-

1957.

Source: 1909-1938, Department of Agriculture, Agricultur

al Statistics, 1952; 1939-1954, Agricultural Statistics, 1956;

1955-1957, Agricultural Marketing Service, Crop Production,

June 1957 and 1958. Census years, Bureau of the Census,

US. Census of Agriculture: 1951,, vol. II, p. 576.

See general note for series K 254-328.

K 298-300. Hay acreage, production, and price, 1866-1957.

Source: Series K 298-299, 1866-1908, Department of Agri

culture, Agricultural Statistics, 1941; 1909-1943, Agricultural

Statistics, 1952; 1944-1957, see source for series K 265-266.

Series K 300, 1866-1957, see source for series K 267. Census

years, Bureau of the Census, U.S. Census of Agriculture, 1954,

vol. II, p. 573.

See also general note for series K 254-328.

Census data are comparable to annual estimates in the

series in which they are included. Farm stocks of hay, as of

January 1 and May 1 of each year, are published in Crop

Production.

K 301-306. Cotton and cottonseed acreage, production, price,

and stocks, 1790-1957.

Source: Series K 301, 1866-1952, Agricultural Marketing

Service, Cotton and Cottonseed Acreage, Yield, Production,

Disposition, Price, and Value, 1866-1952, Statistical Bulletin

No. 164, June 1955 (processed) ; 1953-1957, Cotton and Cot

tonseed Production, May 1955, 1956, 1957, and 1958. Census

years, Bureau of the Census, U.S. Census of Agriculture: 1954,

vol. II, p. 575.

Series K 302, 1790-1865, Department of Agriculture, Bu

reau of Statistics, Circular 32, August 1912; 1866-1957 and

census years, see source for series K 301.

Series K 303, 1869-1875, Department of Agriculture, Bureau

of Statistics, Circular 32, August 1912; 1876-1908, Agricultur

al Statistics, 1941; 1909-1952, Agricultural Marketing Serv

ice, Statistical Bulletin No. 164, June 1955 (processed) ; 1953-

1955, Agricultural Marketing Service, Cotton and Cottonseed

Production, May 1955, 1956, 1957, and 1958.

Series K 304, 1906-1928, Department of Agriculture, Agri

cultural Statistics, 1941; 1929-1945, Agricultural Statistics,

1952; 1946-1955, Agricultural Statistics, 1956; 1956-1957,

Bureau of the Census, Facts for Industry, supplement to series

M 22-P, August and September, 1957.

Series K 305, see source for series K 301.

Series K 306, see source for series K 303.

See also general note for series K 254-328.

Cotton production figures for census years are shown in

running bales, and are not comparable with annual produc

tion estimates shown in 500-pound gross-weight bales. The

net weight per running bale was 383 pounds in 1839, the

first census period; 496.1 pounds in 1944; and 482.0 in 1954,

the most recent census year.

Cotton production estimates are defined by statute as cotton

actually ginned. For 1913-1924, annual ginnings as published

by the Bureau of the Census included some cotton produced

in lower California and Mexico and ginned in California;

however, it is not included in U.S. production for those years.

For those years, also, cotton ginned in the United States ex

ceeds production by the quantity of the cross-border move

ment of seed cotton into this country. For all other years,

beginning in 1899, production of cotton is the quantity of

census ginnings by States adjusted for cross-State movement

of seed cotton and rounded to thousands of bales. U.S. pro

duction is obtained by adding rounded State estimates and

therefore differs slightly from the Census Bureau report on

ginnings.

Before 1899, production figures were compiled from various

current sources including exports and imports, -ail and water

shipments, mill receipts, etc., together with the decennial

enumerations of the Bureau of the Census. These production

estimates are the same as those in Department of Agriculture,

Bureau of Statistics, Circular 32, cited above, except for minor

adjustments caused by rounding State estimates.

Figures for stocks (series K 304) are in running bales, ex

cept that any small quantity of foreign cotton which is in

cluded is in equivalent 500-pound gross-weight bales. Before

1914, stocks are as of September 1. Data for 1906-1922 are

from the New York Cotton Exchange Service; those for 1923-

1957 were compiled by the Bureau of the Census.

Cottonseed production (series K 305) for 1866-1927 was

computed from net lint production using a uniform ratio of

65 pounds of cottonseed for each 35 pounds of net lint. Be

ginning in 1928, ratios were estimated from data collected

from cotton ginners.

The season average prices from 1908 to date for both cotton

and cottonseed (series K 303 and K 306) are the weighted

averages of midmonth prices. Before 1909, cottonseed prices

are not available; before 1908, cotton prices were based on

farmers' estimates on December 1 of average prices for the

season.

The crop-marketing season for both cotton and cottonseed

is August 1 to July 31 for all States except Texas where it

begins about mid-July.

K 307-309. Tobacco acreage, production, and price, 1866-1957.

Source: Series K 307-308, 1866-1943, Agricultural Market

ing Service, Tobacco Acreage, Yield, Production, Price, and

Value, July 1948 (processed) ; 1944-1954, see source for se

ries K 265-266, above; 1955-1957, Crop Production, July 1956-

1958. Series K 309, 1866-1943, see source for series K 307-

308; 1944-1954, Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Sta

tistics, 1956; 1955-1957, Agricultural Marketing Service, Crop

Values, December 1956, 1957, and 1958.

See also general note for series K 254-328.

Agricultural Marketing Service publications also present es

timates of stocks of tobacco, 1929-1957, and of acreage and

production of tobacco, by types, 1919-1957.

K 310-315. Irish potatoes and sweetpotatoes acreage, produc

tion, and price, 1849-1957.

Source: Census years, Bureau of the Census, US. Census

of Agriculture: 1954, vol. II, p. 577.

Series K 310, 1866-1948, Agricultural Marketing Service,

Statistical Bulletin No. 122, March 1953; 1949-1955, Statis

tical Bulletin No. 190, August 1956; 1956 and 1957, Crop

Production, 1957 and 1958, annual summary.

Series K 311 and K 314, 1866-1918, Crop Reporting Board,

records ; 1919-1957, see source cited for series K 310.

Series K 312, 1866-1908, see source for series K 311; 1909-

1955, Agricultural Marketing Service, Agricultural Prices,

February 1957; 1956-1957, Crop Values, December 1957 and

276

FRUIT K 316-328

1958. Series K 313, 1866-1918, Department of Agriculture,

Agricultural Statistics, 1941; 1919-1957, see source for series

K 310.

Series K 315, 1866-1908, see source for series K 311; 1909-

1955, Agricultural Marketing Service, Agricultural Prices,

January 1957; 1956-1957, see source for series K 312.

Estimates of potatoes and sweetpotatoes relate to the total

crop harvested and include quantities used on farms where

grown and losses from shrinkage, cullage, and dumping after

harvest. The potato crop is divided into six seasonal groups:

Winter, early spring, late spring, early summer, late summer,

and fall. The seasonal estimates are based on the usual time

of harvest. The schedule of estimates and the classification

of States are shown in Agriculture Handbook No. 127, June

1957. Stocks on hand in the 26 fall States are published in

separate reports, as of December 1, January 1, February 1,

and March 1.

K 316-328. Fruit production and price, 1889-1957.

Source: Census years, Bureau of the Census, U.S. Census

of Agriculture: 1954, vol. II, pp. 825-829 (for oranges and

grapefruit for 1949 and 1954, see vol. I, parts 18, 24, 26, 30,

and 33).

Series K 316-324, 1889-1943, Agricultural Marketing Serv

ice, Fruits, Non-Citrus, Production, Farm Disposition, Value,

and Utilization of Sales, 1889-1944, May 1948; 1944-1948,

Statistical Bulletin No. 114, October 1952; 1949-1954, Statis

tical Bulletin No. 192, September 1956; 1955, Fruits, Non-

Citrus Production, Use, and Value, 1955 and 1956, July 1957;

1956-1957, 1957 and 1958 Annual Summary, Crop Production,

December 1957 and 1958, and Crop Values, December 1957

and 1958.

Series K 325-328, 1909-1944, Agricultural Marketing Serv

ice, Citrus Fruits-Production, Farm Disposition, Value, and

Utilization of Sales, Crop Season 1909-10 to 1948-44 (mimeo

graphed), October 1945; 1944-1948, Citrus Fruits, Produc

tion, Farm Disposition, Value, and Utilization of Sales, Crop

Season 1944-45 to 1949-50 (mimeographed), October 1952;

1949-1954, Statistical Bulletin No. 201, January 1957; 1955,

Citrus Fruits, Production, Use, and Value, October 1957 and

1958; 1957, 1958 Annual Summary, Crop Production, December

1958, and Crop Values, December 1958.

See also general note for series K 254-328.

Estimates of fruit production include the harvested crop

plus allowances for economic abandonment in years when ap

preciable quantities are not harvested because of low prices

or other economic factors; they exclude losses from natural

causes, such as windstorms, freezes, etc. For all crops ex

cept apples, production relates to the total crop within the

State, including both commercial and home production. For

apple production, estimates for 1935-1957 relate to the total

crop within specified counties designated as "commercial"

counties.

Since annual estimates of Agricultural Marketing Service

were begun they have been checked and adjusted at the end

of each marketing season on the basis of shipment and proc

essing records from transportation agencies, processors, co

operative marketing associations, and other industry organi

zations. The estimates are again checked at 5-year intervals

with the Census of Agriculture and revised. The Agricultural

Marketing Service estimates for census years do not always

agree with census data because of allowance for economic

abandonment and of adjustments based on available shipment

and processing records.

Citrus fruits are valued at equivalent per unit returns, ex

cluding packing, grading, and container costs, rather than at

average prices for all sales.

277

K 1-52 AGRICULTURE

Series K 1-7. Farms, Land in Farms, and Value of Farm Property and Real Estate: 1850 to 1957

[Census figures in italics]

Number

offarms 1

1.000farms

4,8574,S~~

5.0875,2016,3085,4215.535

5,6485,7225,8036.8715,926

6,9676,0036,0896,2026,293

6,3506,4416,5276.6366,739

«,8U6,7766,7416,6876,608

infarms ■

1.000acres

(')(•)

(')1 ,158. 19t1,158.2851.158,3781,158,471

1 ,158,6651,155,1741.161,7841.148.3941,145,003

l.m.eu

1.125.4611.109,3081,093,155,1.077,002

1,060.8511.059.5821.058,3151,057,0471,055,780

1 ,054.5121,040.9631,027,4151.013,8651,000,317

Selecteditems offarm

property,

totalvalue 1

Milliondollars

137,977129.882

125.930122.352126,802130 . 464116,722

99.365100.36893.86285.46275.937

69.18663,23056,16348,60142,979

41,82942,21343.20242,92641,803

88,95937.53836,24943,65151,806

Farmland and

Totalvalue *

Milliondollars

109.469102,652

98,78091,68896.63896,00486,798

75,25676,62373,66468.46361,046

53,88448,20041,60437,54734,400

88,6S6i

34.085!85,17036.21334,260

33,26432,20130.80237.18043,730

Averagevalue

per acre

Dollars

94.6288.63

85.2981.7683.4382.8774.92

64 9666.3363 9659.6263.31

47.2042.8337.5034.3631.94

81.7132.1733.2333.3132.45!

31.5430.9329.98;36.6743.72

Farmbuildings,

totalvalue

Milliondollars

24,59423,919

24,534IS , 9lt25,45424,95022,768

to, 80820,77820,06218,52116,724

11,90613,59111,92311,02610,386

10,405

Index ofaveragevalue offarm realestate

per acre(1947-49-100)

10,245

117138

133128132132119

103105Kll

M84

746758

ss19

49

49

H4948

4544425161

Year

19301929192819271926

19251924192319221921

19201919191819171916

19151914191319121911

19101900189018801870

18601850

Numberof

farms 1

1,000farms

6,5466.5126,4706,4586,462

6.4716.4806.4926,5006.511

6,5186,5066,4886,4786,463

6,4586,4476,4376,4306,425|

6,4065,7874,5654,009i,660\

2,0441 ,44S

Landin

farms 1

1,000acres

986,768974,277961,787949.297936,806

924.816930 , 628936,941943,253949 , 566

955.878948 , 169940.461932,752925.044

917,335909,627901,918894,209886,501

878,792838,5836tS,t07586,061,407,728

407.179298,534

Selecteditems offarm

property,totalvalue 1

Milliondollars

57,68957,73856,72756,39357,412

57,48958,51960,90261.98271,401

78,88866 , 86361,46654,90250,651

47,71547,42945,72043,84242,693

40,959tO, 36516,489lt.iOi9,ilt

7,9803,967

Farmland arbuildings

Totalvalue '

Milliondollars

47,87847,98547,53247,68049,000

49.4«»50,48762,62964,05061.523

66,81064.53349,98045 , 52442,264

39 , 59039,57938,45637,29836,042

84,79816,60813,t7310,1937, HI

6,6423,t70

Averagevalue

per acre

Dollars

48.5249.2549 4250.2352.31

53.6164.2556.1757 3064.79

69.8757.5153.1448.8045.69

43.1643. si;42.64'41.7140.66

89.5919.81tl .3119. Ot18.26

16. St11. 14

Farmbuildings,

totalvalue

Milliondollars

12,949

11,715

11,185

6. SO,8,555

Index ofaveragevalue offarm realestate

per acre(1947-49

-100)

M69707174

767KSI

103847S

70

It

6161

1 Except for data from Census of Agriculture, estimates have been adjusted for under-enumeration and changes in definition in the Census. Not strictly comparable withland in farms, value of farm property, or value of farm real estate.

* Intercensal estimates derived from straight-line interpolation,of Columbia.

Excludes District

* Includes farmland and buildings, machinery and equipment, and all livestock.* Census years as of date of enumeration. AH other years as of March 1. District

of Columbia excluded.1 Not available.

Series K 8-52. Farms, by Color and Tenure of Operator, and Acreage and Value, by Tenure of Operator: 1880 to 1954

Color and tenureof operator

1954 1 1950 1945 1940 1980 1920 1910 1900 1890

NUMBER OF FARMS

U.S

Full ownerPart ownerManagerTenant

WhiteFull ownerPart ownerManagerTenant

NonwhiteFull ownerPart ownerManagerTenant

South

Full ownerPart ownerManagerTenant

Croppers

WhiteFull ownerPart owner

ManagerTenant

Croppers

NonwhiteFull ownerPart ownerManagerTenant

4,783,021

2,744,708868,18020,894

1,149,239

4,801,4202,604,730

814,11220,236

862,342

481,601139,97854,068

658286,897

2,317.296

1,276,226861,016

9,671681,483267,662

,853,820,146,872300,2809,190

398,978107,416

463,476129,86450,736

881282,605160,246

5,382,162 6,859,169 6,096,799 6,288,648 6,448,343 6,361,502 6,737,372 4,564,641

3,089,583824,92828 , 527

1,444,129

4,801,2432,936,122

769,67323,066

1,072,492

580,919163,46155,360

471871,687

2,662,423

8,301,361660,50238,886

1,868,421

6,169,9548,126,212

629,73438,268

1,876,745

689,215175,14980,768

622482,676

2,881,135

3,084,138615,08986,351

2,361,271

6,877,7282,916,562

581,61785,634

1,844,015

719,071167,57638 , 622

717517,256

3,007,170

2,911,644666,75056,889

2,664,866

5,872,6782,762,787

612,88752,767

1,954,187

916,070168,85743,8638,122

710,228

3,223,816

1,411,128325,999

9,979905,322346,765

2,093,3331,269,641274,136

9,740639,817148,708

669,090141,48261,864

239366,506198,057

1,509,056193,60718,193

1,166,279446.656

2,216,7221,348,076

166,35512,751

689,540176,260

665,418160,98028,262

442475,789270,296

1,327,690216,60718,680

1,449,293541,291

,326,904,185,788185,24613,216

942,655242,173

680,266141,90281,361

865506,638299,118

1,190,683224,99217,868

1,790,788776,278

2,842,1291,060,187

183,46916,629

1,091,944383,881

881,687140,49641,628

829698,839892,897

3,366,510668,68068,449

2,454,804

6,498,4648,174,109

517,76966,223

1,740,363

949,889192,40140,8212,226

714,441

3,206,664

1,405,762191,46318,818

1,691,121661,091

2,283,7601,227,204

152,43216,548

887,566227,378

922,914178,56839,0811,770

708 , 655888,713

3,854,897693,82658,104

2,364,676

6,440,6193,169,088

548,41366,660

1,676,668

920,883195,80945,4121,644

678,118

3,097,647

3,201,451,69,

2,024,

4,969,8,026,

420,67,

1,465,

767,176,30,1,

559,

947376085964

608931875261541

764016501824423

3,269,728

1,294,913

2,984,3

1,024,6

1,836,372 ,631,077

1,329,890215,12116,284

1,536,762

1,237,188,18,

1.231

114368765144

1,130,029

706,348

977,229

663,848

2,207,4061454,100

171,94415,084

866,278

1,879,7211,078,635106,17117,172

678,748

890,141176,29048,1771,200

670,474

740,670158,47928,1971,593

562,401

1 Based on i

278

FARMS K 8-72

Series K 8-52. Farms, by Color and Tenure of Operator, and Acreage and Value, by Tenure of Operator:

1880 to 1954—Con.

SeriesColor and tenure of operator 1954 1 1960 1945 1940 1930 1920 1910 1900

No.

LAND IN FARMS

(1,000 acre*)All farms41 1,160,044 I , 158.566 1.141.61S 1 .060.852 986,771 955,884 878,798 838,592

4243444544

897,214472,465100,008190,3629,418

418,970422,394105.241211,96014,:66

412.358871,251106,372251.68418,922

882,098300,326

372,460245,926

461,250176,526

464,923133.63158,731

226,513

431,261124,77987,518195,034

Manager 66,530311.899

61,986306,409

64,129264,980Tenant

Croppers (South) 23,813 31,605 22,531

AVERAGE VALUE PER FARM OF FARMLAND ANDBUILDINGS

47(dollars)

19,761 13.911 7,917 5.S18 7,614 10,284 5,471 2,896

4849

14,61136,764165,80019,4648,972

10,71625,133128,25512,9433,333

6,39315,18460,5526,9411.981

4,9609,938

39,6874,6691,433

7,26512,38940,0526,1481,802

9,12216,38738,9879,6902.633

5,1608,616

26,0754.662

2,8514,34713,1142.345

SOSI52 Croppers (South)

1 Based on sample.

Series K 53-60. Number, Acreage, Value, and Amount of Indebtedness of Mortgaged Farms, by Tenure of Operator:

1930 to 1956

Mortgage debt

Numberof

farms

LandValue

of farmland andbuildings

Ratio ofmortgage

debtto

totalvalue

Equity

Year

infarms Total

Debtperacre

Debtperfarm

permortgagedfarm

53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60

1,000 farm* 1,000 acre* (1,000 $1.000 Percent Dollare Dollar! Dollare

ALL TENURES

(') 848,687 36,282,284 9,066,153 26.0 26 00 (') (')1950 1,480 303,610 22,049,126 6,579,278 25.8 18 38 3,769 11,125

1945 1,714 373,123 16,376,954 4,940,915 80.2 13 24 2,883 6,672

1940 2,364 457,874 15,878,779 6,586,399 41.5 14 40 2,786 3,929

1985 2.850 (') (') 7,584,459 (') 0) 3.227 M2,523 (') (') 9,630,768 C) (') 3.817 (')

1966.FULL OWNER

909 149.111 17,625,598 4,719,920 26.8 81 65 5.191 14,194

1950 894 186,343 11.273,872 3.116,297 27.6 23 03 8,485 9,123

1945. 997 149,106 8.166,198 2,689,787 32.9 18 04 2,697 6,492

1940 1,278 180,452 7,887,168 3,353,376 42.5 18 58 2,623 3,647

1935 1,270 181,868 7,338,406 3,682,364 50.2 20 25 2,899 2,879

PART OWNER 1

1,232 182,081 10,955,133 4,337,225 39.6 28 82 3,521 5,878

1956. 368 117,087 9,086,969 2,811,978 26.4 19 75 6,278 18,897

1950 281 90,079 4,585,278 1,178,637 25.7 IS 08 4,187 12,103

1945 274 89,898 2,862,721 875,036 30.6 9 78 3,194 7.256

1940 337 93,882 2,358,408 1,105,664 46.9 11 78 3,287 8,724

1935 349 H (') (') P) <■'} (') (')1930 860 W (') w (') (') (') (')

MANAGER AND TENANT '1966 (') 82,489 9,569,717 2,034,255 21.3 24 66 (l) .

1950 305 78,188 6,190.476 1.284,344 20.7 16 48 w 16,095

1946 443 134,119 5,347,035 1,876,092 25.7 10 26 8,969

1940 749 188,040 5,628,213 2,127.859 37.8 11 62 4.674

1985 731 ffl w W w P1930 931 M « (') w o (') (')

1 Not available. * Not shown because data for mortgage debt include rented portion of part-owner

5 Acres, value, and debt are for owned portion only. farms.a Acres, value, and debt include the rented portion of part-owner farms.

Series K 61-72. Farms and Land in Farms, by Size of Farm: 1880 to 1954

[In thousands]

Under 10 acr<

10 to 30 to 50 to 100 to 180 to 260 to 500 to 1,000

Total Under 3 to 29 49 99 179 259 499 999 and

Year Total 8 9 acres acres acres acres acres acres acres over

acres acres

NUMBER OF FARMS

61 62 63 64 66 66 67 68 69 70 71 72

4,782 484 100 884 718 499 864 963 464 482 192 181

1950 6,382 486 77 408 854 624 1,048 1,103 487 478 182 121

5,869 594 99 495 946 709 1,167 1,200 498 473 174 113

1940 6,097 606 36 470 1,013 767 1,291 1,810 486 469 164 101

6,812 571 86 535 1,241 882 1,444 1,438 507 473 167 89

6,289 358 43 315 2.C 00 1,375 1.1 64 451 160 81

1926 6,872 378 15 363 2,089 1,421 1,887 440 144 63

6,448 289 20 269 2,011 1,475 1,980 476 150 67

1910 6,362 335 18 317 1,919 1,488 2,061 444 125 60

6,787 267 41 226 1,664 1,366 1,912 378 103 47

4,666 160 (') (') 1,168 1,122 2,009 84 82

4,009 189 4 185 1,036 1,033 1,696 76 29

1 Not available.

279

K 61-82 AGRICULTURE

Series K 61-72. Farms and Land in Farms, by Size of Farm: 1880 to 1954—Con.

[In thousands]

Under 10 acres

10 to 30 to 50 to 100 to 180 to 260 to 500 to 1.000

Total Under 3 to 29 49 99 179 259 499 999 and

Year Total 3 9 acres acres acres acres acres acres acres over

acres acres

61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72

LAND IN WARMS (1.000 acres)

1954 1,158,192 2,260 (') (') 12,704 19,165 62,725 130,120 99,863 168,368 131,505 531,482

1950 1,159,789 2,429 (') (') 15,391 23,945 75,628 149,942 105,388 166,584 125,981 494,501

1945 1,141,615 2,805 141 2,664 16,864 27,074 83.206 162,375 105,802 164,647 118,836 460,006

1940 1,060,852 2,668 51 2,617 18,111 29,388 93,317 177,508 104,288 159,568 111,935 364,069

1935 1,054,515 3,057 51 3,006 22,272 33,691 104,016 194,804 108,462 164,268 114,244 309,701

1930 986,771 1,908 61 1,847 54,041 98,685 290,478 156,522 108,924 276.213

1925 924,319 2,097 23 2,074 54,465 101,906 292 ,180 151,731 97,468 224,472

1920 955,884 1,600 33 1,567 55,553 105,631 307,244 164,244 100,976 220.636

1910 878,798 54,172 103,121 470,770 83,653 167.082

1900 . 838,592 1,478 79 1,399 47,240 98,592 295,962 129,672 67,864 197.784

'Not available.

Series K 73-82. Farm Employment, Wages, and Man-Hours Used for Farmwork: 1866 to 1957

Employment 1 Wage ratesIndex

man-hoursof laborused forfarmwork(1947-49= 100)

1Index

composite

Per month * Per day ' Farmers*expenditures

for hiredlabor*Year

Totalfarm

Familyworkers 1

Hiredworkers

farmwage rates

(1910-14 =100)

Withboard

Withoutboard

Withboard

Withoutboard

73 74 75 76 77 78 79 SO 81 82

1,000 1,000 1,000 Dollars Dollart Dollart Dollart tl,000.000

1957 7,677 5,682 1,895 560 133 00 168 00 5 80 6 80 2,867 791956 7.820 5,899 1,921 542 128 00 161 00 5 60 5 60 2,790 83

1955 8,364 6,347 2,017 519 123 00 154 00 5 40 6 30 2,736 851954 8.639 6,579 2,060 508 120 00 151 00 5 30 6 30 2,714 851953 8,864 6,775 2,089 517 122 00 151 00 6 40 5 30 2,792 88

1952 9,149 7,005 2,144 508 119 00 146 00 5 30 5 30 2,801 89

1951 9,546 7,310 2,236 481 113 00 137 00 6 00 5 00 2,931 91

1950 9,926 7,597 2,329 432 99 00 121 00 4 45 4 50 2,750 891949 9,964 7,712 2,252 430 99 00 121 00 4 45 4 45 2,865 97

1948 10,363 8,026 2,337 445 99 00 124 00 4 80 5 40 3,016 100

1947 10.382 8,115 2,267 424 92 00 117 00 4 50 5 10 2,808 1031946 10,295 8,106 2,189 399 86 00 108 00 4 20 4 80 2,544 108

1945 10,000 7,881 2.119 366 79 00 101 00 3 85 4 35 2,299 1121944.. 10,219 7,988 2,231 828 71 00 91 00 3 50 3 95 2,202 1201943. _ 10,446 8,010 2,436 274 59 00 77 00 2 90 3 30 2,027 1211942. 10,504 7,949 2,555 208 45 50 59 00 2 20 2 55 1,631 1221941 10,669 8,017 2,652 160 34 50 44 50 1 65 1 95 1,249 117

1940-.. 10,979 8,300 2,679 131 27 50 37 50 1 30 1 60 1.029 119

1939... 11,338 8,611 2,727 129 27 00 36 00 1 25 1 55 988 121

1938 11,622 8,815 2,807 129 27 00 36 00 1 80 1 55 979 120

1937 11,978 9,054 2,924 133 27 50 36 50 1 35 1 65 988 129

1936 12,331 9,350 2,981 118 24 00 32 50 1 20 1 45 868 119

1935 12,733 9,855 2,878 110 22 00 30 60 1 10 1 36 775 123

1934. 12,627 9,765 2,862 100 20 00 28 00 1 00 1 26 679 1181933. 12,739 9,874 2,865 89 18 00 25 50 90 1 15 617 1321932 12,816 9,922 2,894 100 20 50 29 00 95 1 20 669 1321931. 12,745 9,642 3,103 133 28 50 38 00 1 30 1 65 914 137

1930 12,497 9,307 3,190 175 37 50 48 00 1 80 2 16 1,177 1341929 12,763 9,360 3,403 187 40 00 51 00 2 00 2 30 1,300 1351928 12,691 9,340 3.351 185 39 60 50 00 2 00 2 30 1,290 1361927 12,642 9,278 3,364 185 39 50 50 00 2 00 2 35 1,302 134

1926 12,976 9,526 3,450 185 39 50 50 00 2 00 2 40 1.330 139

1925. 13,036 9,715 3,321 183 88 60 49 00 2 00 2 35 1,267 1391924 13,031 9,705 3,326 181 38 00 49 00 1 95 2 40 1,248 136

1923 13,162 9,798 3,364 177 37 60 47 50 1 95 2 35 1,251 135

1922 _ .- 18,337 9,936 8,401 154 33 00 43 50 1 66 2 00 1,127 134

1921 _ 13,398 10,001 3,397 156 33 60 44 50 1 65 2 05 1,170 129

1920 13,432 10,041 3,391 241 51 00 65 00 2 80 3 30 1,790 140

1919 13,243 9,968 3,275 206 43 00 56 00 2 40 2 90 1,515 138

1918-.- 13,391 10,053 3,338 177 87 60 48 50 2 06 2 45 1,337 141

1917_ - 13,568 10,121 3,447 141 31 00 40 60 1 55 1 90 1,127 1891916 13,632 10,144 3,488 112 25 00 33 00 1 25 1 50 904 135

1915 13,592 10,140 3,452 102 22 50 30 00 1 10 1 40 816 136

1914 _ 13,580 10,147 3,433 102 22 50 29 60 1 10 1 35 804 139

1913 _ 13,572 10,158 3,414 104 22 50 30 00 1 16 1 40 804 134

1912 13,559 10,162 8,397 102 22 00 29 50 1 10 1 40 789 186

1911 13,539 10,169 3,370 98 21 60 28 00 1 05 1 35 758 134

1910 13.555 10,174 3,381 96 21 00 28 00 1 06 1 35 766 132

See footnotes at end of table.

280

FARM WAGES AND MAN-HOURS USED—CROPS K 73-103

Series K 73-82. Farm Employment, Wages, and Man-Hours Used for Farmwork: 1866 to 1957—Con.

Year

Wage rates

Index,composite

farmwage rates(1910-14-100)

70

Per month *

Withboard

77

Withoutboard

78

Per day '

Withboard

79

Withoutboard

Year

Wage rates

Index,composite

farmwage rates(1910-14= 100)

76

Per month 1

Withboard

77

Withoutboard

78

Per day •

Withboard

79

Withoutboard

19091906

190218991898. _

1895189418931891 or 18921889 or 1890

969175

6060676767

Dollart

22 0018.5015.5014.0013.50

12.5012.5014.0013.5013.50

Dollart

28.0026.0022.0020.0019.00

18.6018.5020.0020.0019.50

Dollars

1.001.05.85.76.70

.6165.70.75.70

Dollart

1.261.301.101.00.95

.86

.85

.901.00.95

1887 or 1888.1884 or 1886.1881 or 1882.

1880 or 1881.1879 or 1880.1877 '

1874 or 1875.18691866 •

676464

625856

585454

Dollart

13.5018.0013.00

12.5011.5011.00

11.0010.0010.00

Dollart

19.5019.0019.00

18.5017.5017.00

17.0016.6015.50

Dollart

0.70.70.70

6565

.60

.706565

Dollars

1 00.95.98

.9090

.86

.96

.8590

' These annual averages are simple averages of laat-of-month employment estimates.1 Includes farm operators and members of their fsmilies doing farmwork with

out wages.* Annual averages are weighted averages of wage rates as reported quarterly by

crop reporters. Different wage rate categories used after 1948. See text.

4 Cash wages and value of perquisites.' 1877 or 1878, 1878 or 1879 (combined).« Years 1866 to 1878 in gold.

Series K 83-97. Man-Hours Used to Produce Specified Amounts of Wheat, Corn, and Cotton : 1800 to 1950

SeriesCrop and item 1950 1940 1920 1900 1880 1840 1800

SeriesCrop and item 1950 1940 1920 1900 1880 1840 1800

No.

WHEAT

No.

CORN—Con.

83 Man-houra per acre . 4.6 7.6 12.0 16 208

85 56 91 Yield per acre 1 bu 39.0 30 383

28.4 25.9 25.6 26 2534484 2 6 3.7 6.5 7 12 16 92 Man-hours per 100 bushels 39 113 147 180 276

85 Harvest- 2.0 3.8 6.5 8 12 23 4086 Yield per acre' bu_. 16.6 15.9 18.8 13.9 18.2 15 15 COTTON87 Man-hours per 100 bushels 28 47 87 108 152 233 373

93 Man-hours per acre 74 98 90 112 119 135 185CORN 94 Before harvest 33 46 55 62 67 90 136

95 Harvest 41 62 86 50 52 45 5088 Man-hours per acre 15.2 26 82 88 48 69 86 96 Yield of lint per acre '-lb- 283 245 160 191 179 147 14789 Before harvest 9.9 16 19 22 28 44 56 97 Man-hours per bale * 126 191 269 280 318 439 60190 Harvest 5.3 10 18 16 18 25 80

1 Yield* for 1800 and 1840 are estimates by the authors. Yields for the other years 3 For statistical purposes, the bale of cotton is 500 pounds gross weight or 480 poundsare 5-year averages of published data, centered on year shown. net weight of lint. Prior to Aug. 1, 1946, the net weight was estimated at 478 pounds.

Running bales reported prior to 1899 have been converted to bales of 478 pounds netweight. Actual bale weights vary considerably.

Series K 98-103. Acreages of Harvested Crops, by Use, and Indexes of Cropland Used for Crops and Crop Production

Per Acre: 1910 to 1957

1957 (preL)1956 (preL)

19661954

196819621961

19501949194819471946

1946-1944194819421941

19401989198819871986

19851984

of harvested crops, by i(1,000,000 acres)

Total

326

340346348349

345360356354351

854361356346342

339330349347323

846

products

5060

4737313659

5045524245

4225211312

823222918

2020

Feed forhorses

and mules

100

8

9

1011131518

1922242629

32363739

40

4345485254

5657

Productsfor

101

268

257

283298304298267

878293280286277

280300298294290

288262279266261

269227

Index(1947-49-100)

Croplandusedfor

crops

9597

99100100100101

1001021009897

98100999897

979698100

99

10099

Crop production

peracre

112109

106101103103

98

9799106

96101

95969199

8885858865

78

193319321931

19301929192819271926

19251924192319221921

19201919191819171916

19151914191319121911

1910

Acreages of harvested crops, by use(1,000,000 acres)

Total

340371365

869365361358359

880355354355359

880364362349340

840334333329330

326

283536

8944494954

53475066

6056624453

4957434240

Feed for

100

596062

6567707376

7881848687

9091929292

9892929190

Productsfor

domestic

101

253276267

266254242236229

238221223219206

210217208213195

198185198196200

200

Index(1947-49=100)

Croplandusedfor

crops

102

100101

101

101100999898

9896969697

9799989492

9290908989

87

281

K 104-121 AGRICULTURE

Series K 104-115. Index of Supply and Utilization of Farm Food Commodities: 1924 to 1957

[Percent of total utilization in each year. Covers farm commodities normally used for food in the United States, including their nonfood use]

Supply

Imports Net

Va-. Pro and change in Totali earduction lnship- available

ments stocks

104 105 106 107

1967 (prel.) 94 9 6.6 -1 4 100.0

1956... 94 7 6.4 -1 1 100.0

1965.. 96 7 6.5 -2 2 100.0

1954 96 3 6.4 -2 7 100.0

1953 95 5 7.3 -2 8 100.0

1952 94 8 7.0 -1 8 100.0

1951 90 0 6.9 3 1 100.0

1950 94 6 7.0 -1 6 100.0

1949 94 9 6.8 -1 7 100.0

1948 100 4 6.8 -7 2 100.0

1947 91 6 6.0 2 4 100.0

1946 95 1 6.7 -0 8 100.0

1946... 92 8 6.8 1 4 100.0

1944.. 93 0 6.9 0 1 100.0

1943 90 4 5.7 3 9 100.0

1942 96 8 4.6 -1 4 100.0

1941 95 2 7.8 -3 0 100.0

1940. 96 3 7.2 -2 5 100.0

1939... 93 2 7.4 -0 6 100.0

1938. 95 5 7.2 -2 7 100.0

1937. 98 8 9.1 -7 9 100.0

1986 85 7 8.4 5 9 100.0

1936 96 2 9.0 -6 2 100.0

1934 87 5 6.6 5 9 100.0

1933 90 1 6.5 3 4 100.0

1932 96 1 6.0 -2 1 100.0

1931 96 0 6.8 -2 8 100.0

1930... 92 3 7.3 0 4 100.0

1929 91 4 8.0 0 6 100.0

1928 94 3 7.2 -1 5 100.0

1927 92 8 7.2 (•) 100.0

1926 93 3 7.5 -0 8 100.0

1926. 91 9 6.9 1 2 100.01924 93 4 6.6 (■) 100.0

Utilization

Domestic use

Total

91.792.1

93.594.695.194.593.7

95.495.796.094.195.0

95.995.094.395.197.1

98.397.596.798.398.7

98.698.398.297.797.2

96.996.296.195.496.0

95.994.5

Food

Civilian Military 1

66.266.0

66.967.366.665.462.8

65.264.665.764.163.7

67.655.754.559.864.9

67.566.666.169.467.6

69.468.965.164.365.6

65.464.1

63.063.064.3

62.663.5

110

1.21.3

1.41.61.92.12.7

1.42.82.92.42.2

8.59.06.14.11.3

Nonfood1

24.824.8

25.225.726.627.028.2

28.828.327.427.629.1

29.830.883.781.730.9

80.830.930.628.931.1

29.229.433.133.431.6

3132333231

3331

Commercialexportsand

shipments

to U.S.Territories •

112

7.67.1

6.76.04.46.24.6

3.22.62.48.31.9

1.10.80.60.81.3

1.72.63.31.71.8

1.41.71.82.12.6

8.18.83.94.64.0

4.15.5

USDA export program

Stockchange 1

US

m(•)

8

-0.1-0.2-0.20.4

-0.6

-0.7-0.10.4

110.3

Deliveries 1

0.70.8

0.8

S:J0.8

1.7

1.51.91.8

27

737

3.01.3

•0.2•0.2

Net

1 Includes farm and commercial stocks and holdings under price supportsupply programs. Minus sign means an addition to stocks.

' Includes civilian feeding in areas occupied by our Armed Forci• Includes seed, feed, industrial alcohol, alcoholic beverages, etc.

* Excludes deliveries by the Department of Agriculture.

and domestic 1 Stocks held for export. Minus sign means• Shipments out of this country.

7 Represents net quantities withdrawn from• Leas than 0.05 percent.• Federal Farm Board exporta.

a withdrawal from stocks.

Series K 116-121. Farm Taxes and Insurance: 1890 to 1957

Taxes levied on farm property Farmers' mutual

Real estateAutomotive

fire insurance

Personal taxes In force Cost perYear

Total

Amountperacre

property paid byfarmers

at endof year

$100 of

1 16 117 118 119 120 121

Million Million Million Milliondollars Dollar* dollars dollars dollars Cents

1 1.044 '0.97 '233 489 '30,427 25.8 1936977 .91 226 455 29,297 23.5 1984

928 .87 220 478 28,228 23.41988

870 .82 216 451 28.295 24.2 1981840 .79 228 482 26,898 21.6

805 .76 233 409 27,716 22.0 1980778 .72 214 369 25,494 22.1 1929

1928.741 69 178 339 24,161 23.0 1927706 .66 167 330 22,488 22.3 1926...656 .62 150 311 20,769 25.1

605 .67 128 287 19,264 24.8 1925.519 .49 99 261 16,941 24.6 1924

1928465 .44 92 248 16,170 28.6 1922419 .40 80 224 14,221

18,778

23.7 1921400 .38 77 219 23.9

400 .88 67 282 12,982 22.7 1920407 .89 56 200 12,519 24.6 1919

1918..401 89 60 183 12,294 25.2 1917407 .39 49 170 12,144 26.6 1916400 .88 48 167 11,869 26.0

405 39 47 168 11,669 24.1394 .38 46 151 11,840 28.1

Taxes levied on farm property

Real estate

Total

116

Milliondollars

392884398461526

567567656545526

517511516509510

483393811292260

Amountper

117

Dollars

0.87.8739.45.53

.57

.6858.57.56

.66

.66

.555454

51.41.88.31.28

Personalproperty

118

Milliondollars

424(13949

n

HI

B4807573

7272

Automotivetaxeslid by

119

Milliondollars

142132132128123

12711910294H

7255

Farmers' mutualfire insurance

In forceat endof year

120

Milliondollars

11,08810.57210,46610,97411,292

11,38211,11910,78110,3459,989

9.4779,4879,0588,7708,410

7,8666,9886,3925,8775,636

Cost per$100 of

121

Cents23.226.928.582.031.0

31 628.427.125.826 8

27.826.926.426.727.2

26.825.126 124 626.6

1 Preliminary.

282

FARM TAXES AND INSURANCE—CASH RECEIPTS AND INCOME K 116-138

Series K 116-121. Farm Taxes and Insurance: 1890 to 1957—Con.

Taxes levied onfarm real estate

Farmers' mutualfire insurance

Taxes levied onfarm real estate

Taxes levied onfarm real estate

YearTotal

Amountperacre

In forceat endof year

Cost per$100 of

insurance

YearTotal

Amountperacre

YearTotal

Amountperacre

116 117 120 121 116 117 116 117

Milliondollars Dollars

Milliondollars Cents

MiUiondollars DoUars

Milliondollars Dollars

1915 243222218191183

0.26.24.24.21.21

5,3675,264

23.626.4

1906 130125123113111

0.15.15.15.14IS

1895 9893928784

0.14131914 1904 1894.

1913 1903 1893 .13181912 1902 1892.

1911 1901 1891 .18

1910 166163150141132

.19

.19

.17

.16

.16

1900. 10610510210197

13.13.18.13.13

1890 82 .13

1909. 1899

1908. 1898.

1907 1897

1906 1896

Series K 122-138. Farm Cash Receipts and Income, and Indexes of Prices Received and Paid by Farmers, and

Parity Ratio: 1910 to 1957

Cash receiptsfrom farming(11.000,000)

Farm income 1(31,000.000)

Indexes of prices received and paid by farmers,(1910-14-100)

Totalfarm-production

expenses

RealizedNet income topersonson farms

Prices received byfarmers 1

Prices paid byfarmers

Payableper acre

Pricespaid,

includinginterest,taxes,andwagerates

Parityratio'

YearTotal' Crops

Livestock

Realizedgrossfarm

netincome

offarmoperators ■

Allfarmproducts

Livestockandproducts

Production

Interestpayable

TaxesWagerates

income 1 fromfarming 4

Crops Living Payable

122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 13S 136 137 138

1957 30,840 12,461 17,363 34,389 23,371 11,018 18,556 235 225 244 282 267 163 440 558 286 82

1966 31,117 14,252 16,312 34,626 22,694 12,082 18,358 230 235 226 274 250 160 421 536 278 83

1955 29,785 13,676 15,880 33,332 21,862 11,470 13,606 232 281 234 270 251 136 394 516 276 84

1954 30,210 13,669 16,284 33,865 21,664 12,201 14,447 246 242 249 270 255 126 381 610 277 89

1953 31,339 14,193 16,933 35,265 21,366 13,899 15,111 255 240 268 269 256 117 365 513 277 92

1952 32,906 14,380 18,252 37,016 22,600 14,416 17,262 288 267 306 271 274 108 350 503 287 100

1951 33.244 13,324 19,634 37,823 22,165 15,158 18.143 802 265 336 268 273 98 335 470 282 107

1950 28.795 12,410 16,102 32,482 19,297 13,186 15,696 268 233 280 246 246 89 320 425 256 101

1949 28,014 12,422 15,406 31,821 18,032 13,789 14,711 260 224 272 243 238 82 298 430 251 100

1948 30.484 13,098 17.129 34,914 18,857 16,057 19,810 287 255 315 251 250 78 276 442 260 110

1947 29,934 13,093 16,627 34,352 17,048 17,304 17,471 276 263 288 237 224 76 237 419 240 116

1946. 25,574 11,016 13.786 29,706 14,483 15,223 17,060 236 228 242 202 191 74 213 387 208 113

19451944

22,405 9,665 12,008 25,772 12,922 12.850 14,021 207 202 211 182 176 75 192 359 190 10921,312 9,186 11,351 24,412 12,195 12,217 13,352 197 199 196 175 173 79 185 318 182 108

1943 20,265 8,127 11,493 23,362 11,487 11,875 13,248 193 187 198 166 164 84 186 262 171 118

1942 16,215 6,526 9,039 18,767 9,942 8,825 11.074 169 145 171 149 148 94 189 197 152 105

1941 11,665 4,619 6,492 13,828 7,675 6,153 7,465 124 108 138 130 130 98 187 151 133 93

1940 9,105 3.469 4,918 11,038 6,749 4,289 5,299 100 90 109 121 123 102 189 129 124 81

1939 8,635 3,336 4,536 10,556 6,162 4,394 6,189 95 82 107 120 121 106 185 127 123 77

1938 8,169 3.200 4,523 10,101 5,828 4,273 5,101 97 80 112 122 122 110 187 130 124 78

1937 9,200 3,924 4,940 11,329 6,097 5.232 6,764 122 118 126 128 132 117 181 129 131 93

1936 8,669 3.649 4,742 10,712 5,674 6,138 4,954 114 108 119 124 122 125 180 114 124 92

1935 7,693 2.977 4,143 9,666 6,061 4.605 5,858 109 103 114 124 122 135 178 107 124 88

1934 6,803 3,021 3,336 8,541 4,670 8.871 3,428 90 98 81 122 114 147 188 99 120 75

1933 6,463 2,486 2,846 7,081 4,314 2,767 3,012 70 71 70 108 99 164 220 88 109 64

1932 4,748 1,996 2,752 6,371 4,443 1,928 2,610 65 67 72 106 99 186 264 104 112 58

1931 6,381 2,540 8,841 8,385 5,499 2,886 3,981 87 75 98 124 118 197 277 139 130 67

1930 9,055 3,868 5,187 11.432 6,909 4,523 6,060 125 115 134 144 135 206 281 177 151 831929 11,312 5,130 6,182 13,895 7,631 6,264 7,024 148 135 159 154 146 213 279 186 160 92

1928 10,991 4,966 6,035 13,553 7,727 5,826 6,844 148 142 155 156 148 219 277 184 162 91

1927 10,733 5,125 5,608 13,295 7,441 6,864 6,669 140 134 146 156 141 223 271 184 159 88

1926 10,658 4,875 5,683 13,256 7,356 5,900 6,810 145 139 161 158 141 228 270 183 160 91

1926 11,021 6,645 5,476 13,667 7,334 6,333 7,576 156 164 149 161 145 236 265 181 164 95

1924 10,225 5,413 4,812 12,736 7,436 6,300 5,681 143 159 128 156 140 250 266 182 160 89

1928 9,646 4,866 4,680 12,119 7,046 5,073 5,895 142 156 128 156 138 261 261 172 159 89

1922 8,575 4,800 4,275 11,009 6,608 4,401 5,081 131 136 126 163 127 260 259 154 161 87

1921 8.058 4,106 3,952 10,521 6,634 3,887 4,138 124 121 127 164 128 248 244 156 156 80

1920 12,600 6,644 6,966 16,907 8,837 7,070 9,009 211 235 190 228 195 216 200 241 214 991919 14,638 7,603 6,935 17,825 8,331 9,494 10,061 217 230 206 202 195 180 160 206 197 110

1918 13,467 6,974 6,493 16,447 7,507 8,940 9,736 206 220 194 170 180 159 151 177 173 119

1917 10,736 5,642 5,094 13,310 6,092 7,218 9,001 178 191 166 143 156 146 186 141 148 1201916 7,746 4,036 3,711 9,643 4,836 4,807 5,103 119 120 117 115 116 182 128 112 116 103

1916 6,892 8,263 3,129 8,060 4,167 3,898 4,797 99 96 102 104 104 122 118 101 106 941914 6,036 2,899 3,137 7,718 4,029 3,689 4,677 101 96 107 102 102 116 117 101 103 98

1913 6,238 8,077 3,161 7,919 8,973 3,946 4,263 102 98 105 100 101 109 103 104 101 1011912 6,008 3,095 2,913 7,663 3,833 3,830 4,976 99 100 98 100 102 101 99 101 101 981911 6,684 2.905 2,679 7,183 8,581 3,602 3,888 94 101 88 99 98 91 91 98 98 96

1910 . .. 6,780 2,929 2,851 7.477 8,581 3,946 4,708 104 105 102 99 97 83 90 96 97 107

1 Includes Government payments from 1938 to 1957. ' Base, 1910-1949: August 1909-July 1914-100; thereafter, January 1910-Decem-' Includes cash receipts from farm marketings. Government payments 1933 to date, ber 1914.

value of home consumption, and rental value of farm dwellings. • Ratio of prices received by farmers (series K 129) to prices paid, including interest,

1 Realized gross farm income minus total farm-production expenses. taxes, and wage rates (series K 187).4 Realized net income of farm operators plus value of inventory change plus wages

paid to farm laborers living on farms.

283

K 139-158 AGRICULTURE

Series K 139-149. Value of Farm Gross Output and Product, in Current and Constant Dollars: 1800 to 1900

[In millions of dollars]

Gross output Farm gross product, including

Sales anc

1

home consurarm products

nption of

Crops

Livestockinventorychanges

Gross rentfrom farmdwellings

Farmgross

Intermediateproductsconsumed

Farmgross

Improvements tofarms

Value ofhome manufactures

Year Total

Total Livestock

productTotal

product

CURRENT

139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 145 148 149

DOLLARS

1900.. _ 4,298 3,912 2,047 1,865 79 307 8,799 499 3,857 3,799 55 3

1890. 3,897 3,106 1,515 1,591 44 247 3,036 362 8,107 8,036 67 5

1880 3,268 3,021 1,498 1,523 39 203 2,967 296 3,045 2,967 68 10

1870 2,774 2,553 1,393 1,160 62 169 2,542 232 2.631 2,542 67 22

1860 1,579 1,469 700 769 21 89 1,484 96 1,556 1,484 47 25

1850 904 837 414 423 10 57 851 58 914 851 34 29

1840 757 699 431 268 14 44 720 87 769 720 22 27

1880 466 427 251 176 15 24 446 21 491 445 17 29

1820 _. 838 308 178 130 10 20 323 15 364 323 12 29

1810 __ 336 811 186 125 9 16 324 12 363 324 9 30

1800 236 220 127 93 6 10 230 6 255 230 7 18

CONSTANT

(1910-14)DOLLARS

1900 6,409 6,903 3,100 2,803 109 397 5,740 669 5,837 5,740 94 11890 4,990 4,604 2,612 1,992 70 316 4,527 463 4,638 4,527 106 61880 4,129 3,784 2,006 1,778 68 277 3,770 359 3,906 8,770 128 a1870 2,694 2,436 1,436 1,000 74 184 2,479 215 2,597 2,479 106 121860... __ 2,186 1,986 1,088 897 60 141 2,059 127 2,156 2,059 76 21

1860 1,521 1,379 826 563 42 100 1,442 79 1,536 1,442 69 25

1840 1,212 1,103 651 452 33 76 1,156 56 1,222 1,156 47 19

1880 854 764 462 802 84 56 819 35 879 819 44 16

1820 619 565 345 210 22 42 595 24 642 595 33 14

1810 463 415 260 155 16 32 448 15 485 448 26 11

1800 343 307 194 113 13 28 333 10 362 333 21 8

Series K 150-158. Farm Machinery and Equipment: 1850 to 1957

Year

Motor vehicles and specified machines on farms (1,000)

Tractors 1

150

Motortrucks

151

Automobiles

152

Graincombines

153

Corn-pickers

154

Farms withmilking

Pickupbalers

156

Fieldforage

Valueof

farmimplements

andmachinery

! ($1,000,000)

1967 (prel.)1956

19551954195319521961

1950..194919481947.1946..

19461944

194819421941

19401939193819371986.

19861934193819321981

1 Excludes steam or garden type.

4,6004,515

4,3454,2434,1003,9073,678

3,3943,1232,8212,6132,480

2,3542,1602,0551,8601,666

1,5451,4451,3701,2301,126

1,0481,0161,0191,022997

2.9002,800

2,7012,6102,5202,4102,310

2,2072,0651,9001,7001,550

1,4901,3851,2801,1601,095

1,0471,0201,042990923

890875865910920

4,2604,260

4,2584,2504.2404,2304,220

4,1994,2904,2254,3504,260

4,1484.1854,3504,6704,330

4,1444,0304,1093,9623,736

3,6423,3993,3993,7984,077

1,0201,000

980965930887

810

714620535465420

375345320275225

190

725705

688660630588522

456372299236203

1S8146138130120

110

720

716

712705690675655

686610575525440

365300275255210

176

550505

44839534529*240

196135906554

42343125

240

225

202175148124102

8160453025

20

284

FARM MACHINERY—FERTILIZER AND LIME K 150-161

Series K 150-158. Farm Machinery and Equipment: 1850 to 1957—Con.

Motor vehicles and specified machines on farms (1,000)of

farmimplements

Value

YearTractors 1

Motortrucks

Automobiles

Graincombines

Corn-pickers

Farina withmilkingmachines

andmachinery($1,000,000)

150 151 152 153 154 155 158

1930 _ 920827782693621

900840

4,1358,9703,8203,8203.605

61 50 100 3,3023,1783,0883.1263,042

1929 _1928__ _._ 753

662559

19271926

1925 _ 549496428372343

459363316268207

3,2833,0042,6182,4252,382

2,9552,9852,8322,9003,551

1924 _19231922 _1921 _

1920... _ 246 139111896040

2,1461,7601,602966687

4 10 55 8.5953.3452,9652,3382,046

1919... 158855137

1918..1917

1916 _.

1915 25171484

25161062

472343258176100

1,8491,7191,6301,5221.401

1914191319121911 _ _

1910 1 50 1 12 1,265750494406271

1900 _189018801870

1860... 246152

1 Excludes steam or garden type.

Series K 159-161. Expenditures for, and Consumption of, Fertilizer and Lime: 1850 to 1957

Farmers'expenditures forfertilizerand lime

Commercialfertilizer

Limeconsumedon farms

Farmers'expenditures forfertilizerand lime

Commercialfertilizerconsumedin U. S. '

Limeconsumedon farms

Farmers'expenditures forfertilizerand lime

Commercialfertilizerconsumedin U. S. 1

Limeconsumedon farms

Commercialfertilizerconsumedin U. S. 1

Yearconsumedin U. S. 1

Year Year Year

159 160 161 169 160 161 159 160 161 160

Uillondollar*

1,2581,247

1,000short tons'22,709'22,300

1,000short tons•23,000

22,021

Milliondollars

268279261

1,000short tons

7,4718,1396,966

1 ,000short tons

7.8597,1996.566

Milliondollars

390368311232193

1,000short tons

7,1766,7516,6806,0876,214

1,000short tons

2,6532,4762,3062,1361,966

1,000short tons

3,0843,044

1957 1938 1920 19021956 1937 1919 1901

1986 19181955 1,266

1,2741,2461,2291,086

22,21722,52622,24722,44820,610

20,66918,91920,66926,56227,683

1917 1900 2,7802,6032,3832,1311,888

1954 1935 188176120118

6,2755,5474,8724,3366,306

3,6062,7481,6481,8112,611

1916 1899195S 1934 1898

ss1983 1915 165

195175161168

5,4187,1946,4165,8526,108

1,7961,6261,4561,2861,116

1897

1932 1914 1896

1981 202 19131960 978

895826765683

19,31617,60117,22817,05716,879

29,84227,90225,68630,28329,462

1912 1896 1,5781,7731,7151,5041,584

1949 1930 297300318267298

8,1717,9827,9896,8447,326

3,5883,9073,8063,7983,330

1911 18941948 1929 18931947 1928 1910 162

1206,5474,8214,4494,3074,249

946 18921945 1927 1909 776 1891

1926 1908

1*45 657576505417334

13,81313,04611,61610,1259,296

23,05524,56818,93519,83815,916

1907 1890 1.390768321164

1944 1925 299264263234249

7,3296,8336,4365,6804,864

3,3598,2173,0762,9362,794

1906 18801948 1924 18701942 1923 1906 3,913

3,7043,382

18601941 1922 1904

1921 1903 1850 531940 806

278

8,3367,728

14,4069,0661939

1 Prior to 1920, includes consumption in Puerto Rico, Hawaii, and Alaska; see text. * Preliminary.

1 Preliminary, for year ending June 80, 1967.

285

K 162-172 AGRICULTURE

thereafter

Series K 162-172. Farm-Mortgage Debt, Loans, and Interest: 1910 to 1957

tion) are those made by Land Bank Commissioner. Land Bank Commissioner loans fiJoint-stock land banks have been in liquidation since May 12, 19S3; includes banks in

[Loans held by FFMC (Federal Farm Mortgage Corporation) are those made by Land Bank■ son behalf of FFMC. Joinf

! in 1933; in 1934 and

Year

1967.

1965.

1952

1961.

1950.1949.1948.1947.1946.

1945.

1943.1942.1941.

1940. .1939. .1938. .1937. .

11.000

9.907,6289,066,153

8,288,8377,772,2047,263,2006,676,6196,118,359

5,679,2785,288,3315,064,2464,896,9704,760,464

4,940,9155,395,6716,956,4586,376.0806,498,527

6,586,3996,779,3186,964,8847,153,9637.422,701

7,584,4597,685,2038,466,4189,093,9839,398,088

9,630,7689,756,6699,756,9579,668,4229,718,213

9,912,65010,664,91910,785,62110,702,25710,221,126

8,448,7727.137,3656,536,8605.825,8515,256,425

4,990,7854.707,3584.347,6793,929,7588,622,121

1910 1 8.207,863

1932.1931.

1930.1929.192K

1927.1926.

1925.1924.1923.1922-1921.

1920.1919.1918.1917.1916.

1916.1914.1913-1912.1911.

Debt as of Jan. 1

Totaldebtout

standing

162

Federallandbanksand

FFMC '

163

SI ,000

1,722,3811.480,204

1.279,7871,187,0461,095,2671,026,906991,439

964,727946,076995,999

1,123,3691,318,317

1,566.9831.882,6372,262,1352,515,6692,642.333

2,723,1102.862.8552,950.7612.989.0192,907,649

2,564,1791,328,6631.147,0141.180,9921,197,063

1,201,7821,182,8181,144,9841,068,642998,552

923.077797,785639,486432,523349,679

293 . 596156,21489.112

Lifeinsurancecom

panies 1

164

11,000

2,476,5432.271,784

2,051,7841.892,7731,716,0221,541,8741,852,635

1,172,3261,036.383959,715888.665

938,275986,661

1,042,9391,063,1661,016,479

984,290982,939988,557

1,015,6151,112,289

1,301,5621,697,7871,898,3182,036,6142,087,047

2,118,4392,138,9802,172,8632,123,6642,030,301

1,942,6241,792,1461,556,2031,432,3671.205,778

974,8261,018,163955,591861 , 144765,671

669,984597,462550,158479,663423,464

Commercial andsavingsbanks *

16S

11.000

1.386,2701,346,287

1,210,6761,131.2141,105,0961,046.9231,008,359

987 , 144900,843840,647683,229507,298

449,582448,433476,676535,212643,408

534.170519,276601.450487,634487,505

498,842710,863889,083940,135946,876

997,4681,046,6241.097,0851,143,5951,178,460

1,200,4561,388,1061,506,4671,640,0051,447.483

1,204,3831,030,2401,008,492933,990776,269

746,111723,787678,752580,300477,568

886,961 406,248

Joint-stockland

banks 1

166

tl ,000

270462645

1,6413,208

5,45610.09787.01555,91973.455

91,726114,992133,564162,786200,617

277,020412,346474,964

652,180605,858

637,789666,516669,798632,476545,659

446,429392,639218,77685,01777.959

60,0388,3841,888

Individuals andothers

167

tl ,000

4,322,4293,967,878

3,746.5908,561,1713.346,8253,069,9162,765,926

2,504.8112,404,5672,267,2392,200,0662,040,378

1,990,6202,067,8432,137,6932,206,1142,217,852

2,263,1032,299,2562,380,6622,499.0092,714,641

2,942.8663.635,6444,057,0494,384,0624,661,244

4,675,8404,731,6264,672,2274,690,0464,960,341

5,400,0646,294,2446,864,6907,212,3457,140,227

6,915,9304,924.3644,531,7774.030,7178,714,585

3,574,6903,386,1098,123,7692,869,8052.621,099

2,414,654

Loans closed

By FederallandbanksandFFMC

168

t1.000

403,635520.860

482,704301,979286,146251,633211,435

203.154180,643148.591147,627143,183

120.581103,88791.30981,841102,034

100,31778,69180,389102 . 638186.489

443,4791.283,182222,39727,51641,814

47 , 14663,004100,615138,424128,978

124,809162,476190,271224,301

91,030

66,985144,987118,13039,112

By joint-stocklandbanks

169

tl .000

14

(')268

49

123363176867337

275216739

2,1815,407

5,23618,18640.57283,719123,026

131,43174,587189.748138,6869,336

19,32453,0306,6001,890

Interest payable

Rates '

recorded

170

Percent

•5.2

m

'4.9(•)•5 0

(•)

'4.7

(•)•4.7

(•)

'4.6

(')

•4.7

(')•4.8

(•)•4.9

5.45.35.86.46.4

6.36.36.36.77.0

6.46.46.36.26 3

6.46.46.46.46.4

6.4

Loansoutstanding, Jan. 1.

171

Totalcharges *

172

tl.

4 7 486,663445,7064 7

4 7 404,5824 6 373,0574 6 346.6434 6 319,2074 5 291.838

4 5 263,9064 5 243.1614 6 232,4774 6 224.9254 6 218,807

4 5 221,2434 4 230,3674 4 246,1194 4 272,0894 5 284.451

4 6 293,1474 6 306,4494 7 320,0944 9 340.7305 1 364,474

5 6 396,0926 8 430.4206 0 472,283

6 0 525,7606 0 653.008

r. 0 669,7566 0 581,9996 1 589,5306 1 593,0066 2 598,244

6 3 611,6126 3 646,8386 4 679.2206 1 679.904C 2 652,656

6 1 674,0906 1 476,3126 1 417.0326 1 378,309

2 340.532

1 1 314.2656 1 296,2366 1 276.2946 1 251,745I (i 225,351

1 0 203 , 188

1 Beginning 1930, includes purchase-money mortgages and sales contracts in addition to regular mortgages.

1 Beginning July 1, 1955, includes soil and water conservation loans insured by theFarmers, Home Administration.

* Average contract rates, except for temporarily reduced rates on outstanding loansof Federal land banks, 1934-44, and Federal Farm Mortgage Corporation, 1938-45.

4 Payable during calendar year on outstanding loans. Excludes amounts paid by

Secretary of the Treasury to Federal land banks, 1933-44, and Federal Farm Mortgage Corporation, 1937-45, as reimbursement for interest reductions granted borrowers.

* Average of rates on mortgages recorded during month of March except beginning1955 when average rates on recordings during first quarter are used.

* Not available.

1 Less than $500.

286

AGRICULTURAL LOANS K 173-180

K 173-180. Non-Real-Estate Agricultural Loans, and Indexes of Deposits of Country Banks:

1910 to 1957

Year

Alloperatingbanks 1 »

178

FarmersHome

174

Agencies supervised byFarm Credit Administration 1

Productioncredit

association

17S

Federalintermediatecredit banks'!

176

Banks forcooperatives

177

Indexes of deposits of country banks '(1947-49-100)

Totaldeposits

178

Demanddeposits

179

Timedeposits

180

19571956

1956.1964195319521951.

1960.1949194819471946.

194S.1944194319421941

194019391938

tl.000

4,101,9214,477,049

4,669.7034,489,9653,920,6213,409,8782,906,115

3,052,8492,861,1741,660,9301,833,0481,177,042

1,877,4051,828,4801,490,9081,497,2051,826,120

1,184,5781,109,489821,936620,920743,781

840,887918,204

tl ,000

430,687405,684

417,201375.638887,712304,066329,855

846,671342 , 198370.668400,165413.234

462,694619,799526,802485,702469,997

418,000351,180305,688821,644278,764

203,925235,478

tl.000

699,283644,449

676,997641,786699,295661,871450,678

387,464866,822289,077230,025194,788

188,306196,637182,658185,611170,686

153,425146,825136,918104,48198,400

60,459

27

tl ,000

60,00761,907

68,27668,66782,93177,84162,073

60,82656.75087,91681,70126,487

29,79233 , 88237,86437.38282,871

82,31682,61139,97440,60846,618

55,08360,381

t1,000

460,994868,040

369,636370,042416,879421,618343,969

300,886303,997278,285177,961157,100

212,472235,068144,364112,69274,405

75,84387 , 19387,50469,53449,962

27,83118,697

127124

121119115111105

10299

101100

96

8063493529

2624

232322

•19

17

121121

US117115112107

10299101100

8266513325

tl19181917

•14

12

190

its

its14613211810S

1041021019890

TS59504747

45434242

3735

AUoperatingbanks 1 1

FarmersFederal

intermediatecredit banks1

Indexes of deposits of country banks *(1947-49=100)

Year

HomeAdministration 1 • Total

depositsDemanddeposits

Timedeposits

178 174 176 178 179 180

tl.000 tl.000 tl.000

1988 1,272,2111,649,8662,109,060

114,72649,769•8,946

79,66871,96062,462

'141823

'91116

'884161

19821981

1980 2,490,7422,696,4912,662,1342,668,1462,699,100

•7,978•2,246■2,292•2,101•2,207

47,28843,88442,33438,97626,974

2628282728

1719201920

6760606758

192919281927

1926 2,674,2372,948,8188,088,4668,281,0828,869,891

•2,618•2,859•8,818•8,104

18,7609,105

2827

•27

2019

•19

6866

•54192419281922

1921

1920 8,468,7942,661,6472,489,2802,088,7721,747,669

191919181917

1916

1916 1,605,9681,696,9661,620,0071,879,7671,338,3341,850,000

1914

191219111910

1, 1935. include* loans guaranteed by Commodity Credit1 Amount of loa1 Beginning Jan

Corporation.

* Includes operating loans, emergency loans, and emergency crop and feed loans;prior to 1938, only emergency crop and feed loans.

* Loans to snd discounts for livestock loan companies and agricultural credit cor-

* Based upon deposits of member banks of the Federal Reserve System located inplaces of less than 16,000 population; Ark., 111., Ind., Iowa, Kans., Ky.t Mich., Minn.,Mo.. Nebr., N. Y., N. C, N. Dak., Ohio, Okla., Pa., S. Dak., Tex., Waah., and Wis.

* Average of 7 months.1 Average of 11 months.■ July 1 of previous year.

1 Average of 9 months.

287

K 181-194 AGRICULTURE

Series K 181-189. Number, Memberships, and Business of Farmers' Marketing and Purchasing Cooperatives:

1913 to 1956

[Fiscal-year data]

Cooperatives listedEstimated memberships

(1,000)Estimated business

($1,000,000) Cooperatives listedEstimated memberships

(1,000)Estimated business

($1,000,000)

YearTotal

Marketing

Purchasing

TotalMarketing

Purchasing

TotalMarketing

Purchasing

YearTotal

Marketing

Purchasing

TotalMarketing

Purchasing

TotalMarketing

Purchasing

181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189

1968... 9,876 6,503 3,373 7,731 4,287 3,444 9,740 7,696 2,044 1946. .1944..1943. .1942..

10,15010,30010,45010,560

7,4007,5227,7087,824

2,7502,7782,7422,726

4,5054,2508,8508,600

2,8962,7802,5802,430

1,6101,5201,2701,170

5,6456,1603,7802.840

4.8354,430

810730600480

1966...1954...1958...1962...1951...

9,88710.06810.11410,16610,061

6,5436,6866,7886,8436,769

3,8443,8723,3763,3238,282

7,6087,6087,4757,3637,091

4,2814,3554,3364,3314,212

3,3223,2533,1393,0322,879

9.6269,4639,5179,4058,144

7,6367,4877,5067,4886,460

2,0201,9762,0121,9171,684

3,1802,360

1950...1949...1948...1947...1946...

10,03610,07510,13610,12510,160

6,9226,9937,1597,2687,878

3,1133,0822,9762,8672,772

6,6846,3845,8906,4366,010

4,0753,9733,6308,3783,150

2,5092,4112,2602,0581,860

8,7269,3208,6357,1166,070

7,0837,7007,1966,0055,147

1,6431,6201,4401,111

923

1941 ..1936 _.1931.-1926..1921 ..

10,60010,50011,95010,8037,874

7,9438,38810.3629,5866,476

2,6572,1121,5881,217898

3,4003,6603,0002,700

(')

2,4202,7102,6082,453

980960892247

2,2801,8402,4002,4001,266

1,9111,5862,1852,2651.198

369264215185580) (')

1915. .1918..

5,4248,099

5,149 275111

651 692 69 636310

624804

12•2,988 (') (') (')

1 Not available.

Series K 190-194. Indexes of Farm Output and Gross Production of Livestock, by Groups: 1870 to 1957

[1947-49=100]

Livestock and livestock products

Year

Farmoutput

TotalMeat

animalsDairy

products

Poultryandeggs

190 191 192 193 194

1957 113 121 120 111 1871956 113 122 123 110 136

1965 ._ 112 120 127 108 1231954 108 117 121 107 1251953 108 114 116 105 1201962 107 112 117 100 1171961 103 112 117 100 116

1950 100 107 109 101 1111949. 101 103 103 101 1061948 104 97 97 98 961947 95 100 100 101 981946 98 101 101 102 99

1945 96 104 108 103 1061944 97 105 108 101 102

94 111 120 99 1021942 96 102 107 100 891941 86 92 94 96 77

1940 88 87 89 92 701989 80 85 87 90 69

79 79 77 89 661987 82 76 71 86 631936 66 77 74 87 68

1935 72 72 68 88 691984 60 76 73 86 69

70 82 86 87 6276 81 83 86 63

Year

Farm

198

Livestock and livestock products

Total

191

Meat

192

Dairyproducts

193

Poultry

194

1931

19301929192819271926

19261924192319221921

19201919191819171916

19161914191319121911

1910190018901880

1870

7274757278

7068696862

70666665

666066

69

6156433723

80

7877

767674

7173747166

6466686768

67646361

61

60

82

78777878

76

7378817971

6873807777

7774716866

86

8482807977

7674727068

6566646463

6861615959

68

6563626462

5857585551

4950484747

474747

47

288

LIVESTOCK K 195-212

Series K 195-212. Number, Value Per Head, Production, and Price of Livestock: 1867 to 1957

[Census figures in italics. All figures are as of Jan. 1 except census figures for 1940 and 1980 (Apr. 1); 1910 (Apr. 15); 1900, 1890, 1880, 1870 (June 1)|

Number on farms and value per headLive weight production and annual average price

received by farmers, per 100 pounds

All cattle Hogs Stock sheep Hones 1 Mules' All cattle Hogs Sheep

Yew

Number

Valueperhead

Number

Valueperhead

Number

Valueperhead

Number

Valueperhead

Number

Valueperhead

Production'

Price,beefcattle

Price,vealcalves

Production'

PriceProduction'

Price,sheep

Price,lambs

1*5 1M 197 1*8 199 200 201 202 20* 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212

Dollars1,000head Dollart

1,000head Dollar*

1.000head Dollars

1,000head Dollart

1.000pound* Dollart Dollart

1.000pounds Dollart

1,000pounds Dollars Dollart

1»67 94,60296,804

91.6088.00

61,70855,178

24.7017.70

26,53827,012

14.9014.80

8,5743,928

71.6062.60 s

26,808,08127,665,380

17.2014.90

18.7016.00

18,471,10918,868,636

17.8014.40

1,522,2581,565,814

6.075.61

19.9018 501956 W

1956 96,59295,02795,67994,24188,07282,088

88.20S6.6492.00128.00179.00160.00

50,47457, OSS45,114

30.6055.1536.6026.1029.90

88.80

27,18731, tit27,07927,59327,94427,261

14.90

14.M13.8015.7028.0026.60

4,3094,1414.7915,4036,1507,086

66.20St. 0962.9053.0053.9054.60

1

5?(')

28,089,500 16.60 16.70 20,044,148 16.00 1.616,714 5.81 18.40

J»541954 B

0

27,580,82027,405,04124,932,62322,990,053

16.0016.3024.8028.70

16.5016.7026.8031.90

18,218,27816.800,40419,726,62021,436,178

21.6021.4017.8020.00

1,607,8121,538,4381,470,7621,871,614

6.14 19.1019 3024.3031.00

1958 61,76562,11762,269

a(•)

w

6.6710.0016.00

19521951 (•)

itso 76.76477.96376.83077,17180.55482,235

11$.Ot124.00135.00117.0097.6096.20

SB, Tit58,93756,25754,59056,81061,306

19.7027.1038.3042.9036.0024.00

51,56726,18226,94029,48681,80585,626

17.6917.8017.0016.0012.209.67

5,40*5,5486,0966,7047,8408,081

it. so46.0052.5065.7059.3057.50

t.tot 95.3899.10116.00133.00141.00133.00

1950 2,2832,4022,5752,7898,027

21,186.24819,274,48918,401,95019,129,84518,998,709

28.8019.8022.2018.4014.50

26.3022.6024.4020.4015.20

20,213,78219,457,47618,222,05818,159,25018,744,289

18.0018.1023.1024.1017.50

1,886,7201,277,7181,383,4561,566,8571,761,938

11.609.279.698.897.48

26.1022.4022.8020.6015.60

1949194819471946

1*45 82,65185.57385,33481,20476,02571,765

46,76659,33188,74173,88160,60754,353

4i.m 6,4*58,7159,1929,6059,87810,193

3, ISO3,2353,4213,6268,7823,911

1945 66.9068.4069.30

66.0048.20

20.6017.5022.5016.608.84

39,60944,27048,19649,34647,441

8.458.689.688.666.77

64.90 134.00148.00

19,517,06619,708,29519,159,37618,667,99617,029,460

12.1010.8011.9010.708.82

18.0012.4013.3012.8010.80

18,848,44420,503,75525,874,71521,105,13817,489,485

14.0018.1018.7013.009.09

1,911,9801,938,2992.107,8912,313,3192.251,890

6.886.016.675.805.06

18.1012.6018.0011.709.68

1944 78.6079.8064.7068.20

1943 127.00107.00107.00

1942

1941

1*40 « 60,67568,30966,02965,24966,09867,847

64.06761,16650,01244,52543,08342,975

40,1*546,26645,46344,97245,25146,435

10,087

10,44410,62910,99511,34211,698

6,6464,0344,1684,2504,4604,628

1940 40.6038.4436.5834.0634.06

7.7811.1811.2611.8912.71

6.856.746.186.026.36

77.8084.3290.8999.1496.78

116.00118.68123.39130.25120.68

16,702,11015,177,21014,046.97013,746.69614,437,789

7.567.146.547.005.82

8.838.407.908.107.20

17.043.40417,078,84914,872,17312,506,27112,975,896

5.396.237.749.509.87

2,100,9282,028,6942.037,5881,931,9981,861,581

3.953 908.584.628.77

8.107.787.058.888.06

1989198819371936

1*55 6«,m 31,tit39,06658,62162 , 12769,30154,836

45,66646,13948,24447,80847,68247,720

11,85811,86112,05212,29112,66418,196

-4,6164,8224,9455,0465,1486,278

1935 1

1984 »68.84674,369

20.2017.7819.7426.3938.99

6.314.094.216.1311.86

4.388.772.913.446.40

77.0666.8854.1263.4860.64

99.3482.4260.4260.7069.23

13,650,54614,537,80615,404,84814,232,20413,885,509

6.044.14

7.164.924.644.966.95

10,672,79612,884,76016,566,12316,867,64416,541,384

8.654.143.538.846.78

1,884,641•1,911,079

1,860,3701,829,3832,061,980

3.752.852.882.198.10

7.285.906.064.465.64

1983 • 70,28065,80168,080

3.754.256.63

19821981

itao < H.tso 33,791,55,70559,04261,87355,49652,106

41 ,76046,57743,48140,68938,06786,719

16,56418,74214,23414,79215,88816,083

6,5645,3825,5105,6565,8045,903

1980 61,00358,87757,32258,17860,676

56.8658.4750.6339.9836.80

18.4612.9318.1717.1915.66

9.0010.7110.86

69.9869.6866.7168.7365.81

83.9382.4579.8474.5181.51

13,263,04812,753,93912,326,76312,072,44512,604,625

7.719.479.627.626.76

9.6812.1611.7610.14

15,175,72815,581,87816,188,88516,339,97414,909,297

8.849.428.649.6411.79

1,965,3371,822,6601,772,7171,664,0881,609,107

4.747.177.647.007.19

7.7411.8812.2111.4611.66

192919281927 9.79

10.531926. 9.34

IMS 60,76063,37865.99667,54668,79568,714

60,66455,77066,57669,30459.84968,942

56,5*034,46932,85932 , 59733,36535,426

18,i0116,66117,87818,12518,76419,869

5,6815,9186,9075,8936,8246.768

1926 81.7282.1131.6630.3939.07

18.1510.8012.2910.6813.68

9.637.947.504.796.34

64.2866.3970.4971.0184.48

82.9185.8986.8788.99117.87

12,963,10013,401,66613,174,86713,186,27512,816,792

6.536.846.84

8.597.837.907.647.85

14,167,62315,388,15617,007,56616,618,11114,182,316

10.917.846.948.407.68

1,608,3461,458,6661,252,8481,080,4321,146,492

7.676.626.555.964.65

12.4810.8010.529.907.18

19241928.1922 6.78

5.631921

1930 66, 64070,40072,09473,04070,97967,438

66,64660,15964,32662,93167,57860,596

55,06437,32838,36036,70435,24636,260

1»,76720,09120,92221,23821,30621,884

5,45*5,6616,6686,4866,3585,200

1920 52.6454.6650.0148.3440.10

20.0022.1819.6911.828.48

10.6911.4911.767.066.10

96.4597.94103.97102.64101.45

148.29135 . 58128.97118.46113.78

12,402,91413,887,35215,658,13916,764,06515,933,296

8.719.979.888.646.76

11.8012.6811.7810.428.87

13,632,96013,986,84814,791,53112,927,94113,582,466

12.9216.8916.1413.898.87

926,5181,142,7551,238,0441,125,7201,118,335

8.179.2610.759.686.28

11.6412.8313.9612.718.84

1919191819171916

1916 63,84959.46156,59255,67557,226

40.6788.9788.0727.68

56,60052,85353,74755,39455,366

9.9610.619.897.999.83

36,26338,05940,54442,97246,065

4.398.918.873.428.88

21,48121,30821,00820,72620,418

108.28109.27110.58105.58111.11

5,0624,8704.6834,6514,429

112.19123.47124 . 10120.33125.73

15,136,31015,661,94214,866,58913,806,62112.586,484

6.266.526.205.434.67

7.707.867.516.495.97

13,936,21712,593,57312,219,96211,944,86112,517,212

6.477.627.546.736.21

1,254,1281,270,8521,186,8391,276,0291,127,817

6.804.834.524.254.01

6.986.366.995.626.17

191419131912.1911 27.22

1*10' . St,$$758,99360,774

56,16448,07252,508

55,64446,93947,098

19,12019,97219.731

4,1014,2394,085

1910 24.5421.99

9.066.45

4.063.42

107.7095.18

119.98108.20

12,671,57713,080,843

4.86 6.40 12,024,79611,026,749

8.146.62

1,149,8381,271,682

4.99 6.161909

See footnotes at end of table.

289

K 195-213 AGRICULTURE

Series K 195-212. Number, Value Per Head, Production, and Price of Livestock: 1867 to 1957—Con.

[Census figures in italics]

Year

190819071906

19051904190319021901

19001

19001899189818971896

18951894189318921891

isao189018891888

Number on farms and value per head

All cattle Hogs

Number

195

1,000head

61,98963,75465,009

66,11166 , 44266,00464,41862 , 576

5t,i0i59 , 73955,92752.86850,44749,205

49,51051.71355,11958 , 12659,968

5 7,64960,01459,17858,599

Valueperhead

196

Dollars

20.9220.9119.65

18.3919.6921.5521.4822.68

26.5024.5322.7918.6217.86

16.5616.8417.0016.8116.49

16.9518.7719.39

Number

1 ,000head

58,38856,54353,633

53,17651,62348,10047,85850,681

62,86851,05551,55853,28251,23249,154

47,62846,52243,65245,16547,435

47,4*748.13044.50842,134

Valueperhead

198

Dollar*

5.997.546.07

56.087.6.95'6.08

5.364.674.704.364.50

5.096.066.374.654.24

4.805.805.12

Stock sheep

Number

1,000

45,09543,460'41,965

40,41041,90844,43646.19646,126

39,93845,065142.68840,09738,89139,609

41,82743,41444,56744,62843,882

W,«7642 , 69342,36543,011

Valueperhead

200

Dollars

3.873.813.51

2.772.552.622.622.96

2.972.802.511.841.71

1.571.9712.642.602.61

2.292.142.06

Horses 1

Number

201

1,000head

19,44419,09018,806

18,4911

18,33118,12117,96817,955

16,96517,85617,72817,69817,80317,876

17,84917,70917,28916.84616,329

15 ,26615,73215,06414,490

perhead

202

Dollars

92.7692.8579.77

69.7367.59|62.2758.5253.03

43.5636.6133.3530.9232.34

85.5746.6360.7264.5667.19

69.2772.3972.03

Mules 1

perhead

203

1,000head

3,9493,8143.680

3,5863,4653,3633,2643,190

3,0393,1393,0122,9182,8362,782

2,7082,6322,5502,4592,377

2,2522.3222,295

2,260

Dollars

107.81111.4697.75

87.0678.0271.7367.2353.47

204

51.4643.5242.3140 49

47.2360.6569.1874.3176.93

77.6178.9579.06

1 Includes colts.1 Includes adjustment for livestock shipped in and inventory changes.

1 Beginning 1951, horses and mules combined.* Excludes spring-bom calves, pigs, lambs, and colts.

Year

18871886

18851884188318821881

188018801879187818771876

18751X7418731872

1871

18701870186918681867

Number on farms and value per head

AU cattle

Number

195

1,000head

56.60254,868

52,46349,80447,38745,73844,501

39 , 67643.S4741.42039,39637,33336 , 140

35,36134,82133,83033,07832 , 107

23,82131,08230,06029, 238 128,636

Valueperhead

190

Dollars

21.1822.20

24.4025.2623.8720.9318.67

17.8016.9619.0518.3818.76

Hogs

Number

197

1 ,000head

42,56345,457

47,33045,96143,44042 , 56643,076

1,9 , 77344,32743,76743,37539,33335,715

18.96 35,834

19.5120.5021.6424.71

22.8420.7418.3019.13

38,37739,79439,29636,688

15,13533,78132 , 57033,30434,489

Valueperhead

198

Dollars

Stock Bheep

Number

1 ,000

4.60144, 2174.30,46,654

5.065.646.746.00I BO

4.403.154.895.685.97

4.653.933.603.96

49,62051,10150,935148 , 88347,371

1,2,19244,86741,67838,94238,14737,477

37,23736,23435,78234,312

5.48 34,063

28 , 17836,44939.80243,80844,997

5.644.603.233.951

Valueperhead

Dollars

2 .0511.95

2.192.402.532.352.35

2.182.012.122.032.20

2.392.332.602.512.10

1.871.651.2.40

Horses 1

Number

201

1 ,000

13,82113,276

12,70012,21511,79411,44411,187

10,357'10,90310,574'10,2309,9109,606

9,3339,0558,7678,4418,064

7, US7,6337,3047,0516,820

Valueper

202

Dollars

71.5970.62

72.9473.8069.9258.7557.91

53.7461.55:56.3855.1156.48

60.1064.1265.5266.5470.02

66.9960.4852.5457.56

Num-

* Government purchases included in figures for all cattle, 1935 and 1934; forhogs, 1933.

' Includes Government purchases.1 Excludes spring-born colts.

Series K 213. Workstock, 2 Years Old and Over, on Farms: 1920 to 1957

[In thousands. Census figures in italics. All figures are as of Jan. 1 except census figures for 1940 and 1930 (Apr. 1)1

Numberof head

Numberof head

Numberof head

Numberof head

Numberof head

Year

213

Year

213

Year

213

Year

213

Year

213

1957 3,3803,7284,1014,572

1949 8,0748,8009,57810,434

1941 12,65113,02918,00013,273

1934. - 15,98416,40416,82217,875

1926 20,491t0,61»21.03821,678

1956 1948 191,0 1 1933 19251965 1947 1940 1932.- 19251954 1946 1939 1931 1924

1953 5,1666,8876,7827,415

1945 11,11611,66812,11712,346

1988 13,69014,88014,83915,i6716,473

19301 17,61217,98118,51419,12019,765

1923 22,06022,27122,34821 ,87322,886

1962 1944 1937 1980 19221951 1943 - 1936 1929 19211960 1942 1935 ' 1928 - --- 1920

1936 1927 1920

1 Over 27 months old.

290

MEAT SLAUGHTERING K 214-225

K 214-225. Meat Slaughtering, Production, and Price: 1899 to 1957

[Prices are those at Chicago. Average price of all grades]

Year

Beef Veal Pork Lamb and mutton

Cattleslaughtered '

Production,

weight

Price ofbeef steersper cwt.

Calvesslaughtered '

Production,dressedweight

Price ofveal calvesper cwt.

Hogsslaughtered i

Production,dressedweight

Price ofLambs and

sheepslaughtered'

Production,dressedweight

Price oflambs

per cwt.

hogsper cwt. 1

214 215 21* 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225

1,000 head Mil. id. DoUart 1,000 head Mil. lb. Dollars 1,000 head Mil It. Dollars 1,000 head Mil. lb. Dollart

27,08927, 754

14.21114.462

23.4822.00

12,36212,997

1,5281,682

26.9323.62

79,04786.193

10,48211,218

17.8914.85

15,29216,328

707741

22 3721.12

26,68725,88924.46518,62517,084

13,56912,96312,4079,6608,837

22 5924.2328.6282.3885.72

12,86413,27012,2009,3888,902

1,6781,6471,6461,1691,059

24 80 81,05871,49574,36886,67285.540

10,9919,87010,00611,52711,481

14.8021.8221.6617.9420.12

16,55316,25516,32114,30411.416

758734729648621

20.9621.6922.4626.7684 31

23.0726.0434.4287.19

18,61418,76519.17722,40419.824

9,5349,4399,07510,4829.378

29.3625.8080.8825.8819.16

10,50111,39812,87813,72612,176

1,2801,8841,4231,6061,448

81.0827.6429.0224.9816.87

79,26374,99770,86974.00176,115

10,71410,28610,06510,60211,150

18.2018.1228.1424.4518.40

13,24413.78017,37118.70622,788

597603747799968

27.5425 5425 0422.6318.40

21,69419,84417,84518,08316,419

10,2809,1128,5718,8438,082

16.1815.4415.8013.7911.88

13,65714,2429.9409,7189,252

1,6641,7881,1671,1511,036

16.1214.8616.1814.4812.18

71,89198,06895,22678,54771,897

10,69713,80413,64010.8769,528

14.6618.5714.8113.709.45

24,63925,35527,07325,58522,309

1,0541,0241,1041.042923

14.9014.5214.9113.8211.28

14,95814,62114,82215.25415,897

7,1827,0116,9086,7987,858

10.489.769.39

9,0899,1919,30610,30410,008

981991994

1,1081,075

10.619.829.00

77,61066,56168,92753.71558,780

10.0448,6607,6806,9517.474

5.716.678.0910.029.89

21,67121,61422,42821.46621,655

876872897862854

9.669.338.50

10.789.91

11.47 10.079.308.82

14,56616,07113,10711.98012,096

6,605•8,246

6,440

10.266.766.426.708.06

9,58010,1068,6647,9708,067

1,0281,239891822823

8.886.106.886.218.88

46,01168.76078,27071,42569,288

6,9198,6249,1348,9238,789

9.274.653.948.836.16

22,00020,44421,83823,04328,138

877821862884885

9.028.016.665.927.26

6,7896.009

12,05612,03812,02818,41314.781

6,9175,8716,7716,3957,176

10.9518.4313.9111.869.47

7,7617,4067,6618,4789,364

792761773867965

11.6114.7614.5612.9011.61

67,27271,01272,88966,19662,585

8,4828,8339,0418,4807.966

9.4710.169.229.9512.84

21,12517,48817,07616,11316,444

825682863629639

9.6914.6214.9914.1214.26

14,70414,75014,28318,70612,428

6,8786,8776,7216,5886,022

10.169.249.408.658.20

9,9369,8049,3278,8328,894

989972916862820

10.879.869.669.169.36

65,50876,80977,50866,20161,818

8,1289,1499,4838,1467,697

11.818.117.569.228.61

16,43015.57815,14614,37316,742

603597588553639

15.66

14.5713.8913.689.86

13,47016,02717,09815,74113,798

6,3066,7567,7267,2396,460

18.3015.5014.6611.609.60

8,4818,2017,4867,3726,628

842819760744655

14.5816.8315.7613.7810.98

61,50265,79566,10056,50067,000

7,6488,4778.3497,0658.207

13.9117.8517.4516.109.60

13,98415,78413,22012,12816,160

538590606463586

14.6016.0016.6015.6010.75

12,90112,67612,98913,38618,817

6,0766,0176,1826,2346,549

8.408.658.257.766.40

6,0545,9276,3056.3286,855

590569608662666

10.0810.1010.208.947.91

62,00065,00067,00056,50067,000

7,6166,8246,9796,8226.961

7.108.808.867.656.70

16,57618,08518,87619,13118,177

605693706735693

9.008.007.707.205.96

14,14014,18513,56913,88613,456

6,6476,9156,6626,5446,637

6.806.856.106.806.30

6,9176,8646,5466,3956,187

667660637626598

8.257.106.506.406.26

48,21664,98663,46366,62764,698

6.0876,6677,5857,0596,793

8.907.355.706.106.25

15,33215,46414,20013,79918,800

697608659553543

7.557.406.357.056.86

18,09612,25712,26611,75111,526

6,5046.1766,2405,6496,814

6.054.954.806.205.25

6,7315,0765,0444,8544,318

556491492476422

5.756.606.206.855.61

54,48352,07248,54848,30653,898

6,6296,3876,0675,9366,357

6.265.166.006.855.85

13,10018,10013,80013,70018,200

530538563564548

6.805.605.455.504.80

10,792 5,6285.522

5.156.80

4,105 397887

51,885 6,3296,310

6.064.06

12,000 493487

1957.

1955.

1951.

1950.

1944..1943..1942..1941..

1940..1939.-1938..1937 __1936 ».

1935 •_

1934".1933'.

1931.

1930.1929.1928.1927.

1925.1924.1923 _1922.1921.

1920.1919.1918.1917.1916.

1915.1914.1913.1912.1911.

1910.1909.1908.1907.1906.

1905.1904.1903.1902.1901.

1900.1899.

1 Includes inspected, noninspected, retail, and farm slaughter.' Excludes processing tax of $0.60 per 100 pounds from Nov. 6 to SO, 1933; $1.00

from Dec. 1, 1933, to Jan. 81, 1934; $1.50 from Feb. 1 to 28, 1934; and $2.25 from Mar.1, 1934, to Jan. 6, 1986.

' Excludes cattle and calves purchased for slaughter for Federal Surplus Relief

Corporation from June 1934 to Feb. 1935 and for Aug. 1936; excludes also cattle

thus purchased for Sept. 1986.4 Includes slaughter under the Emergency Government Relief Purchase Program

in 1984-1935.1 Excludes purchases on Government account for the Emergency Hog Production

Control Program from Aug. 22 to Oct. 7, 1933.

291

K 226-233 AGRICULTURE

Series K 226-233. Cows Kept for Milk on Farms, Milk Produced, and Manufactured Dairy Products: 1849 to 1957

[ Census figures in italics ]

Cows and heifers 2 yearsold and over kept for

milk. Jan. 1

Milkproducedon farmsduring

Production of dairy products

Evaporatedand

Milk equivalent ofmanufactured dairyYear

NumberValue

per headyear

Butter " Cheese'C°milk '

Ice

226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233

J, 000Doliars

Millionpounds

1,000pounds

1,000pounds

1,000pounds

1 ,000gallons

Millionpounds

195622,91623,213

147.00139.00

125,939125,474

1,549,4131,562.254

1,404,1021,387,692

2,806,2502,948,790

649,873641,333

61.94362,202

23,46220,18323,89623,54923,06023,568

134.00 128,128 1,549,184 1,366.893 2,922,131 628,525 61,305

1952.

147.00203.00252.00219.00

122,094120,221114,671114,681

1,627,8621,606,8791,401,6901,443,361

1,383,2341,344.4001,170,2621,161,304

2,844,8332,875,4093,164,8003.228,167

596,821605,051592,705568,849

62.24361,47355.75956,349

1949

21 ,23323,85323.86224,61525,84226,521

177.00193.00164.00145.00112.00

116,602116,103112,671116,814117,697

i, 647, 9281,687,8911,503.6141,640,1441,501.989

1,191,4871,199,4421,098,3661,182,9461,106,347

3,205,3823,106,7123,755.2153,629,8383.332,770

554,351558.054576,484631,023713,769

60,33060,76457.66961.71658.326

1948_19471946

22,80327,77027,70427,13826,31325,453

1945 99 40 119 9.90. 1,699,4071.818,3502,015,4082,130,4242,267,659

1,116,7721,017,247

4,125,5803,750,2233,343,5613,782,2193,554,583

477,162444,886411,646464,172390.282

61.85961,56663,72467,99667,832

1944 102.0099.5077.9060.90

117,023117,017118,533115,088

993,2941,112,314

2I.9J724,94024,60024,46624,64925,196

956,161

1940 57.3055.7354.5250.4549.32

109,412106,792105,807101,908102,410

2,239.5162,210,4262,252,3942,134,6442,167,970

785,490710,287726,021653,308649,577

2.730,7782,367,2562,322,3522,131,4082,270,339

318,088305,772286,366291,057258,585

62,84560,45560.98967,54858,250

19391938 :::::::::::::::1937 .1936

21,, 58226,08226,93125,93624,89623,820

1935 30.1727.0029.1839.5157.03

101,205101,621104,762103,810103,029

2,210,6992,286,4932,374,8552,306,8232,238,681

628,113586,617548,287490,822499,061

2.031,6151,908,0191,898,5361,779,5801,682,387

219,134191,560161,792167,950226,437

57,88158,47959,55757,43356,686

193319321931

tl.lU23,03222,44022,23122,26122,410

1930 82.7083.8973.3859.1554.65

100,15898,98895,84396,17293,326

2,149,1492,183,7712,119,6432,187,8922,131,857

509 , 610498,829478,773462,040468,273

1 7A1 QOO OF.*. A'*Q 55,58156,62554,26155,40953,902

1929 1,848,917 277,237253,967251.385238,333

19271,604,0951,576,1921,455,9901926

1925 20,90022,57522,33122,13821,85121,456

1925 48.3449.9148.6548.6861.19

90,69989,240

2,081,6542,065,9191,992,9921,869,9901,748,174

502,729473,824471 , 130432,184434,418

1,547,5771,507,2371,585,4461,280,7451,323,626

240,018213,326214,277191,091175,366

53,43452,41752,20448.62945,759

1924192319221921

1920 19,67521,45521,54521,53621,21220,752

1920 81.5178.3770.6359.5153.81

1,574,4381,646,7201,503,2881,644,0291,793,113

422,947485,761415,227472,000422,000

1,416,2611,883,4481,618,6961,891,1631,195,613

171,248152,982142,912106,41993,564

42,44645,38840,07744,01045,927

1919 67,124191819171916

1915 20,27019,82119,58019,61719,422

55.3053.9145.0439.4240.07

1,750,6131,684,7491,608,2621,591,5471,761,821

440,000367,000359,000323.000345,000

1,027,551883,113786,627700,682624,128

44,67742,10140,01038,96342,464

1914 72,000191319121911

JWO 20 , 62519,45019,20118,99218,62918,280

1910 35.4032.0930.4880.6329.34

1,706,0761,621,7961,762,6891,537,0561,545,247

355,000313,000812,965285,819292,161

655,938495,198450,475409,790372,780

41 , 13238,71541,43936,29036,403

1909 64,211 29,637190819071906

1905 17,82317,48517,21716,99216,708

27.1929.0030.0629.0829.88

1,667,4951,539,5631,486,8581,400,5671,574,764

326,993331,099322,912317,750362,074

339,112308,485279,074252,467228,396

39,21036,46835.15933,24887,280

1904 12,199190319021901

1900.. 17,13616,64416,09415,64115,38215,266

1900 31.3029.4627.3423.0822.53

1,540,0801,492,5801,472,8541.532,5301,603,956

328,788299,006280,804310,543239,833

206,621186,922

36,10634,80634,14535.64036,385

1899 62,486 5,021189818971896

1895 15,23015,23715,16415,17715,133

22.1121.8621.9021.5321.73

1,296,5191,062,8191,047,0031,057,5321,090,981

233,877256,713253,581318,396293,357

29.82825,11324.71825,56125,990

189418931892

See footnotes at end of table.

292

COWS—CHEESE AND BUTTER K 226-235

Series K 22&-233. Cows Kept for Milk on Farms, Milk Produced, and Manufactured Dairy Products:

1849 to 1957—Con.

[Census figures in italics]

Cowa and heifers 2 yearsold and over kept for

milk, Jan. 1

Milkproducedon farmsduring

Production of dairy productsMilk equivalent ofEvaporatedmanufac

tured dairyYearNumber

Valueper head

year

Butter 1 Cheese'and

condensedmilk 1

Icecream

products «

226 227 228 229 230 2.11 232 233

1,000Dollart

Millionpounds

1,000poundt

1,000poundt

/,000 1 ,000 Million

1S90... 16,51t15.00014.70614.35013.88813,478

1890 22.3024 0324.8226.2327.52

1.171,2111.292,432978.009978,190988.842

318.458301.000286.005267.521244,362

27,906

M.2M23,49423,30123,283

1889...:::::::::::::::::.:::: :..:: 44. ROT 44,867 851188818871886

13,21312,88312,57112.23411,977

29.8881.5830.4726.1223.82

933,086869,351843,728742,526802,817

259.802274.690281.473261,057303.582

22.25821,06120,58418,24819,934

1SS4

im

18821881

1880 It.AiS11.75411.48611.22211.00410,821

1880 23.3121.5525.7025.1425.20

815.699806,672725,991696,118677,424

269,728243.157303,440235,242214,334

19.86119,40218,30716,99516,390

1879 13,033 144187818771876

1875 10,71410,56210,34810,1919,941

25.2925.2026.3229.1833.62

556,314584.566566,389434,051470,245

232,784205,539212,064186,940164,065

14,02914,34714,02910,99711,527

1874187318721871

1870 8, $859,6729,2058,7058.268

1870 31.8928.8626.9629.40

412,130514,093

180,780162,927

10,47212,4341869 3.786 24

18681867

1860 . . . 8.5861859 459,681 103,664 4 10,6901860 6.S851849 313,345 105,536 7,636

1 Farm and factory production combined. Prior to 1919, includes total production of all condensed and evaporated milk as inter-* Includes all types of cheese except cottage, pot, and bakers' cheese; full-skim A men- polated from Census enumerations.

can cheese excluded since 1908. Farm output not estimated since 1926. * For 1849-1923, computed from data on estimated production of manufactured* For 1919-1957, includes all evaporated and condensed whole milk as compiled by dairy products, using average milk equivalent factors; 1924-1956, as published by Agri-

the former Bureau of Agricultural Economics and Agricultural Marketing Service. cultural Marketing Service. Data include farm butter.

Series K 234-235. Wholesale Prices of Cheese and Butter: 1830 to 1957

Cheese,Americantwins,

per pound

234

CenU33.332.8

31.632.335.738.737.5

30.830.440.736.034.8

23.223.223.221.619.4

14.312.812.615.915.3

14.311.710.210.012.5

Butterat

New York,per pound 1

235

CenU60.759.9

58.260 a66.673.069.9

62.261.575.871.362.8

42.842.244.840.134.3

29.626.028.034.433.1

29.825.721.621.028.3

Year

19301929.19281927.1926.

1925.1924.1923.1922.1921.

192019191918.19171916.

19151914191319121911

19101909190819071906

1905

Cheese,Americantwins,

per pound 1

234

CenU162022.2220

21.518.222.119.318.3

24.929.025.922.517.5

14.214.614.815.612.7

14.714.612.213.411.8

11.7

Butter

atNew York,per pound '

235

CenU36.545.047.447.344.4

45.342.646.940.643.3

61.460.761.542.734.0

29.829.832.231.627.9

31.129.927.628.124.6

24.6

Year

1904190319021901

19001899189818971896

18951894189318921891

18901889188818871886

18851884188318821881

18801879

Cheese,Americantwins,

per pound 1

234

CenU9.311.111.29.8

10.0'10.6•7.6•8.5

'7.7

•7.4•10.2•9.6•9.3•8.9

•9.0•8.7•8.1

'10.8'9.6

•8.7

'11.1•11.0• 11.9

'12.4

■12.5

'8.0

Butter

atNew York,per pound 3

235

Cents21232421

22.221.319.619.018.5

21.223.027.126.326.2

23.724.427.526.726.8

26.630.331.235.631.8

30.524.2

Year

187818771876

18751874187318721871

18701869186818671866

18651864186318621861

18601859185818571856

185518541853

Butterat

New York,per pound 1

235

CenU27.328.531.3

32.836.235.432.033.6

38.143.344.734.842.7

39.843.728.220.919.4

21.923.923.825.725.8

26.423.023.0

Year

18521851

18501849184818471846

18451844184318421841

18401839183818371836

18351834183318321831

1830

1 On Wisconsin cheese exchange, based on weekly prices established on Friday

' Annual averages of monthly figures from sources and for grades as follows: 1830-1879, average of high and low for 2 days each week, high grade, New York shipping andcommercial list; 1880-1895 average of monthly range, creamery extras, annual reporta

of New York Chamber of Commerce; 1896-1920, average of daily quotations for extrafresh, specials, extras and firsts, or fresh extras, Slew York Produce tieeiew and American Creamery,' published by Urner-Barry Company; 1921 to date, 92 score creamery,daily market reports of U.S. Department of Agriculture.

' September figure shown because annual averages were not available.

488910 O - tO - 20

293

K 236-253 AGRICULTURE

Series K 236-239. Prices Received by Farmers for Dairy Products: 1909 to 1957

Butter,per

pound

Butterfatinper ;

237

Whole milk

Wholesale,per 100pounds

238

Retail,per quart

239

Butter,per

pound

236

Butterfatin tper |

Whole milk

Wholesale,per 100pounds

238

Retail,per i

239

1957.1966.

1955.1954.1953.1952.1951.

1950.1949.1948.1947.1946.

1946.1944.1943.1942.1941.

1940.1939.1938.1987.1936.

Cents

60.8

56.858.066.763.368.3

45.343.843.735.230.4

26.625.026.629.628.8

26.722.720.1

Cento60.659.4

67.768.766.675.071.2

62.061.679.971.864.3

50.350.349.939.634.2

28.023.926.333.332.2

28.122.718.8

Dollars4.214.14

4.003.974.324.854.58

3.893.954.884.273.99

3.198.213.122.582.19

1.691.781.991.88

1.721.561.30

Cento21.321.0

20.720.620.920.819.9

18.618.618.817.515.2

13.413.212.711.810.8

10.310.310.310.510.1

9.89.48.6

19321931

19301929192819271926

19251924192319221921

19201919191819171916

19151914191319121911

19101909

Cento20.827.2

36.342.242.641.640.9

40.539.640.435.337.0

54.360.342.736.928.0

25.726.126.725.722.9

26.524.0

Cento17.924.8

34.545.246.144.541.6

42.440.442.235.937.0

55.553.845.438.029.4

25.926.527.426.723.2

26.425.5

Dollars

1.281.69

2.212.532.522.512.38

2.382.222.492.112.30

3.223.292.962.381.73

1.681.601.611.691.62

1.68

Cento8.910.1

11.311.511.511.311.3

11.211 110.910.411.2

12.811.910.68.97.4

7.17.27.16.96.7

6.66.4

Series K 240-241. Shorn Wool Production and Price: 1869 to 1957

Year

19571956

19551954195319521951

I9601949194819471946

19451944.1943194219411940

Production 1

240

1,000pounds

235,509238,569

234,058235,807232,258233,309228,091

216,944212,899231,770261,425280,908

307,976338,318378,843388,297387,520372.014

Priceper

pound :

241

Cento'53.444.2

42 6'53.2♦54.9

54.197.1

62.149.449.242.042.3

41.942.341.640.135.528.4

Year

1939193819371936

19351934193319321931

193019291928192719261925

192419231922

Production 1

240

1,000pounds

361 , 689859,925356,078853,211

361,531368,860374.152350,996376.301

352,129327,795314,820289,404269,261253.203

238,205230,168228,367

Priceper

pound 1

Cento22.319.132.026.9

19.321.920.68.6

13.6

19.530.236.230.334.039.5

36.639.427.1

Year

192119201919191819171916

19151914191319121911

19101909190819071906

19051904

Production L

240

1,000pounds

241,723250,888270,091253,993236,914244,037

241,175250,621265,888277,880301,552

305,834310,179270,138256,295256,915

253.488249,783

Priceper

pound 1

241

Cento17.345.649.557.741.626.1

22.116.616.717.315.8

21.722.216.320.523.1

22.216.3

Year

190319021901

19001899189818971896

18951894189318921891

18901889188818871886

Production 1

240

1,000pounds

245,450274,341265,602

259,973272 , 191266,721259,153272,475

294,297325,211348,538294,000285,000

276,000265,000269.000285,000302,000

Priceper

pound 1

241

Cento15.418.713.7

13.714.513.711.110.3

10.811.114.516.316.3

17.118.017.118.016.8

Year

18X5

188318821881

18801879187818771876

18751874187818721871

18701869

Production 1

240

1,000pounds

308,000300.000290,000272,000240,000

232,500211,000208,250200.000192,000

181,000170,000158.000150 , 000160.000

162,000162,000

Price

241

Cents

14. S14.517.120.522.2

23.118.018.821.419.7

25.725.726.531.727.4

22.222.2

1 Includes shearing at commercial feeding yards.* Beginning with 1943, average price for marketing

following year. Prior to 1943, price relates to calendar year.April through March

' Computed from State average prices for wool sold April 1957 through January 1958'* Includes allowance for unredeemed wool.

Series K 242-253. Poultry and Eggs—Number, Production, and Price: 1909 to 1957

[Census figures in italics and are as of Jan. 1, for 1945, 1935, 1926, and 1920; Apr. 1, 1964, 1950, 1940 and 1930; and Apr. 15, 1910]

Year

1967.1956.

1955.195-1.

1954.1953.1952.1961.

1950.1950.1949.1948.1947.1946.

Number,Jan. 1

242

1,000890,137882,846

390.708376,800896,776398,158426,655430,988

su.it;!,

456 , 549430,876449,644467,217623,227

Valueper head,Jan. 1

243

1 Average annual price received

Dollars1.171.26

1.06l.Oif1.431.411.531.46

1.0»11.861.661.4t1.441.27

by

Numberproduced

244

1,000809,780392 , 524

377,710

454,848463,891473,381539,549

535.266622,833536,107685,729646,490

Poundsproduced

245

1,0001,335,8211,668,178

1,633,624

1,947,5782,046,4202,024,6002,311,627

2,309,8052,643,3642,289,1122,667,8132,714,924

Priceper

pound 1

246

Cento13.615.9

18.6

16.822.122.126.0

22.225.480.126.527.6

Numberproduced

247

1,000,00060,48660,877

59,496

58,93357,89158,06858,063

58,95466,15454,89966,38456,962

Priceper

dozen 1

248

Cento35.838.7

38.9

36.647.741.647.7

36.345.247.246.387.6

Turkeys

Number,Jan. 1

249

1,0005,8024,923

4,917

4,9565,0865,7256,037

2,8i»5,1244,6228,9595,8797,862

Valueper head,Jan. 1

250

Dollars

6.056.50

5.33

6.326.156.996.48

i.Sl6.348.806.976.546.75

Numberproduced

251

1,00080,96776,527

65,410

67,50759,62662,11753,065

44,13441,01931,34633,69339,746

Poundsproduced

252

1,0001,351,4701,273,714

1,089,723

1,160,5441,007,9951,049,218949,865

817,482769,351573,918610,737714,460

Priceper

pound 1

Cento28.427.2

80.2

28.833.733 637.6

32.985.246.836. S36.8

POULTRY AND EGGS—CROP PRODUCTION INDEXES K 242-264

Series K 242-253. Poultry and Eggs—Number, Production, and Price: 1909 to 1957—Con.

[Census figures in italics and are as of Jan. 1, for 1945, 1935, 1925, and 1920; Apr. 1, 1954, 1950, 1940 and 1930; and Apr. 15, 1910]

l»i5.--1945...1944...1943...1942...1941...

19iO1940...1939...1938...1937...1936...

1935...1935...1934...1933...1932...1931...

19S0...1930...1929...1928...1927...1926...

19«.__1925...1924...1923...1922...1921...

IStO...1920...1919...1918...1917...1916...

1915...1914...1913...1912...1911...

1910...1910...1909...

Chickens

Number,Jan. 1

242

1,000

133,111516,497582 , 197542 , 047476,935422,841

M7, 9i9438,288418,691389,624423,921403,446

3 T1,603389,958433,987444,523436,815449.743

378,878468.491449,006474,997460,999438,000

109 , t91434.998434,853415,100394,950370,125

359,537381 , 109391.364363,372359,479369,458

379,211366,505364,670367,266381,540

t80,3il355,988340,200

Valuemt hea<Jan. 1

Dollars

l.tt81.211.181.04.83.65

.560

.60

.70

.76

.66

.75

.515

.54

.42

.45

.62

.70

.81,9

.93

.91

.86

.91

.89

.9te

.79

.76

.75

.81

.89

.97*

.97

.96

.77

.69

.49

.46

.49

.47

.42

.46

.500

.47

.44

Number

799,102724.871913,707751.843664,116

555,563621,063583,207532,580650,608

697 , 769678,322684,929672,619646,679

714,380692,328639,917693 , 657664 . 594

626,069605,354610,188584,606555,585

514,267627,029643,395608,863500,665

514,495531,019614,240512,928617,215

543,281498,091

Poundsproduced

245

3,314,9203,009,0263,679,4763,004,7272,686.468

2,158.2222,337,9802,185.0492,032,0092,409,582

2,209,9602,105,2122,523,6492,488,6802,368,494

2,553,3872,506,2702,316,2442,506,7902,408,678

2,274,6832,196,898

Priceper

pound 1

246

Cents

25.923.724.318.715.6

13.013.214.816.015.0

14.911.19.511.715.8

18.422.821.420.222.1

20.519.4

Eggs

Numberproduced

247

1,000,000

58,53754,54748,61041,894

39,70738,84337,35637,56434,534

33,60934,42935,51436,29838,532

39,06737,92138,65938,62737,248

34,96934,59235,00033,00030,800

29,70030,50028,00027,70028,800

29,90027,90028,10028,30029,400

Priceper

dozen ■

248

Cents

37.732.537.130.023.5

18.017.420.321.321.8

23.417.013.814.217.6

23.729.828.125.128.9

30.426.726.526.028.3

48.541.336.031.822.1

19.420.519.420.217.5

27 , 00025,300

20.920.0

Turkeys

Number,Jan. 1

7,0827,2946,6847,4477,150

i,36t8,5696,4896,0966,3586,731

5,38t5,4996,3096,8525,9465,318

5,9695,541

3,627

3,689

Valueper bead,Jan. 1

250

Dollarn

6.796.354.478.082.27

1.712.142.562.492.062.82

2.432.60

3.003.55

Numberproduced

251

1,000

42,47034,70031,36032,06432,204

33,31633,20126,54725,39127,642

20,48721,31022,81321,96417,923

17,05218,136

Poundsproduced

252

740,462584,010509,214521,534512,075

501.916494,019395,017375,828405,418

297,961299 , 598:S19.2f>9302,930243,983

228,147239 , 128

Priceper

pound 1

253

Cents

33.733.932.727.519.9

15.215.717.518.115.6

20.115.111.612.819.3

20.224.5

1 Average annual price received by farmers.

Series K 254-264. Indexes of Gross Production of Crops, by Groups: 1910 to 1957

[1947-49=100]

Crops Feed usedby farm

horses andmules

Year TotalFeedgrains

Hay andforage

Foodgrains tables

Fruitsand nuts

Sugarcrops

Cotton TobaccoOil

crops

264 265 266 257 268 259 260 261 262 268 264

1967 (preL)1956 (preL)

106 121 126 79 96 112 126 77 88 147 85106 112 110 84 101 110 107 93 107 162 39

1955 106 112 116 80 96 104 107 103 109 128 431954 101 106 109 85 94 104 117 96 110 116 481963 103 101 110 96 96 104 105 116 103 102 651952 103 102 107 106 92 102 95 106 112 104 631961 99 97 111 82 92 106 92 106 115 106 73

1960 97 104 106 88 98 104 117 70 101 116 821949 101 103 97 89 99 100 95 113 97 100 901948 106 116 100 103 103 96 98 104 98 109 1001947 98 81 103 108 98 104 112 88 105 91 1101846.... 98 105 104 92 110 110 105 61 114 85 122

1945.. 98 97 113 89 101 98 96 68 98 88 1811944 96 100 109 85 99 102 86 86 96 82 1401948 90 96 110 69 103 87 86 80 70 98 1481942.. 97 104 116 80 96 100 117 90 70 92 1651941 86 91 106 76 92 102 102 75 62 61 162

1940 86 86 106 67 91 96 108 88 72 66 1671989 82 88 93 61 88 98 111 88 94 47 1711988 83 84 98 75 89 86 120 84 69 36 1761987 88 87 87 72 89 96 101 133 78 80 1821986 64 68 74 62 88 72 100 87 68 27 186

295

K 254-273 AGRICULTURE

Series K 254-264. Indexes of Gross Production of Crops, by Groups: 1910 to 1957—Con.

[1947-49 =100]

Crops Feed usedby farm

horses andmulesYear Total

Feedgrains

Hay andforage

Foodgrains

Vegetables

Fruitsand nuts

Sugarcrops

Cotton TobaccoOil

crops

254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264

1935 76 80 96 53 88 91 96 75 66 84 191

1934 68 48 67 44 87 72 89 68 54 21 194

88-

71 73 79 45 80 77 108 91 68 18 198

80 95 86 62 83 76 96 91 49 21 204

1931 84 84 79 76 83 94 83 119 76 23 212

1930 76 73 75 72 82 75 88 98 81 23 219

1929 7982

83 88 66 81 76 76 104 75 21 227

1928.. _ 90 86 73 81 81 72 101 68 22 236

1927. 79 85 98 71 78 68 74 91 61 25 245

1926 80 83 79 67 74 89 73 126 63 19 255

1925 78 91 79 55 72 68 77 113 67 21 263

1924 76 77 92 69 74 73 77 95 61 25 272

1923 76 91 90 62 72 79 80 71 74 16 281

1922 76 86 96 72 75 79 79 68 60 13 289

1921 71 91 86 67 65 48 102 66 49 IS 297

1920 83 100 92 70 70 73 107 94 73 16 305

1919- 76 86 98 80 63 68 89 80 70 12 315

1918.- 76 86 83 76 67 61 103 84 70 16 318

1917 75 96 86 53 69 56 102 79 64 14 317

1916 70 80 96 64 58 65 87 80 68 12 816

1916 78 96 89 81 62 72 80 79 56 10 315

1914 75 81 80 72 62 77 78 113 50 10 312

1913 68 75 75 61 59 63 86 100 48 11 306

1912 77 96 88 60 63 69 79 96 54 17 301

1911 67 77 63 51 55 65 88 111 46 12 296

1910 69 90 74 52 58 63 80 82 56 9 288

Series K 265-273- Corn and Wheat Acreage, Production, Price, and Stocks: 1839 to 1957

[Census figures in italics]

Corn for all purposes All wheat for grain Wheat in

AcreageProduction

Priceper

bushel i

Stockson farms,Oct. 1

Acreagehar

vested

Production

Priceper

bushel '

Stockson farms,July 1

all off-farm

positions,July 1

harvested

265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 27S

1,000acres

1,000bushels Dollars

1,000bushels

1,000acres

1.000bushel* Dollars

1,000bushels

1,000bushels

72,61675,634

3,422,3813,466,283

1.121.29

419,622300,095

43.80649,784

950,6621,004,272

1.931.97

59,89667,246

848,910966,169

79,53078, Its80,18680,45980,94080,729

3,229,743 1.34 313,761 47,28551,361

934,781 1.98t.13

40,644 995,534908,928

3,067,8913,209,8963,291,9942,925,758

1.431.491.531.66

359,365329,972171,970318,188

54,35667,84071 , 18061,873

983,9001,173,0711,306,440

2.122.042.092.11

103,16279,16363,38776,275

830.344526,381192,691323,596988,161

81,81883.S36

8.074,914 1.53 470,146 61,60771,163

1,019,3441,006,5591,098,4151,294,9111,858,9111,162,118

2.001.86

65,861 358.853

85,59584,77882,88887,585

3,237,7493,605,0782,854,7398,217,076

1.261.302.161.66

696,149112,122251,834151,897

75,91072,41874,51967,105

1.881.992.291.91

66 , 50594,46340,50141,604

240,780101.480

87,6259t,t5994,01492,06087,36785,357

2,868,795 1.27 293,381 65,167 1,107,623 1.500

S:S

3,087,9822,965,9803,068,5622,651,889

1.091.123.917

.761

202,670355,224422,026473,640

58,28669,74951,35649,77365,935

1,032,6601,060,111843,813969,381941,970

1.4101.361.10.944

87,703103,622189.574162,722

429,323468,053298,06886,675

86,42986,99088,27992 , 16093,93093,154

2,457,146>t, 311, 1002,580,9862,648,7532,642,9781,605,689

.618 541,444 53,27350,52652,66969,19764,16949,125

814,646708, 85t

.682 79,572 200,149

.568

.486

.6181.044

653,793351 , 63960,004

171,561

741,210919,913878,914629 , 880

.691

.562

.962

.025

88,01658,85721,97243.137

161,99994,25061,19597,296

95,97487,1,7892,193105,918110,577106,866

2,299,363

'1.169,i381,448,9202,397,6932,930,8522,576,927

.665 61,367 51,305

U.91348,34749,42467,85167,704

628,227513, HIS

.831 44.061 101,888

.815

.520

.316

.821

273,931326,770251,697162,577

526,052552,215756,307941,540

.848

.744

.882

.391

61,10382,69393,56337,084

211,790296,057281,704275,421

101,46597,71,197,805

2,080,130'i, 130,7522,515,9372,665,5162,616,1202,546,972

.598 134,403 62,6376t,00063,39269,22669,62856,616

886,522800,61,9824,183914,373875,069882,218

.671 62.452 228,663

100,33698,36799,452

.799

.840

.847

.740

142,37187,232

192,461262,148

1.036.998

1.1901.217

43,55419.97226,59023,722

183,26792,78482.86673,164

1957.1956

19551951.19541953.1952.1951.

19501949.1949.19481947.1946.

1945I»U.1944194319421941

1940.1939.1939193819371936

19351931,1934193319321931

19301929192919281927

i average price received by 1908-1967; Dec. 1 price prior to 1908. 1 Corn harvested for grain only.

296

CROPS K 265-285

Series K 265-273. Corn and Wheat Acreage, Production, Price, and Stocks: 1839 to 1957—Con.

[Census figures in italics]

Corn for all purposes

Acreagehar-

Produc-tion

Price perbushel 1

267

All wheat for grain

Acreagehar-

Produc-tion

270

Price perbushel 1

271

Year

Corn for all purposes

Acreagehar

vested

Production

Price perbushel >

267

wheat for grain

Acreagehar

vested

269

Production

270

1,000 1.000

101,331

98,i02100,420101 , 123100.345103,156

101,359'87,77i98,145102,195110,893100,561

100,62397,796100,206101,451101,393

102,267'98,383100,20095,28596,09495.624

95,74695,22893,55597,17794,422

94,852

'9i,9H94.59187,78489.96589,074

2,798,3671,8*3,8802,223,1232,875,2922,707,3062,928,442

3,070,604

'2,3H5,8332,678.5412,441,249:2,908,2422,425,206

2,829,0442,523,7502,272,5402,947,8422,474,635|

2,852,794'2,552,1902,611,1572,566,7422,613,7973,032,910

2,954,1482,686,6242,515,0932,773,9541,715,752

2,661,978'2,666,321,2,645,7962,351,3232,287,6282,671,048

Dollars0.701

1,000

1.063.814.732.518

1.5131.5201.4561.137

.676

.708

.703

.552

.678

.515

""'616'.650.505.391

.406

.436

.419

.401

.600

.350

.298

.285

.260

.214

52,44350, 86252,46356,92061,39764 , 566

62,35873,09973,70061,06846,78753,510

60,30355,61352,01248.41349,894

45,793

U.26344,26245,10244,13946,230

46,30643,15548,45646,24450,847

49,20352,58952,34250,50643,41340,828

1,000bushels668,700800,877841,617759,482846.649818,964

843,27791,5, ill 1

952,097904,130619.790634 , 572

1,008,637897,487751,101730,011618,166

625,476683,379683,927642,818628,764740,509

706,026555,571663,115686,959762 , 546

599,315

658, 53i655,143768,148606,202522,963

Dollars

1.437

1.247.926.966

1.030

1.827

2.1632.0502.0471.434

.961

.975

.794

.807

.869

.908

.991

.967

.866

.660

.747

.926

.631

.621

.588

.579

.721

1895.1894.1893.1892.1891.

1890.1889.1889.1888.1887.1886.

1885.1884.1883.1882.1881.

1880.187*.1879.1878.1877.1876.

1875.1874.1878.1872.1871.

1870.1869.1869.1868.1867.1866.

1859.

18i9.1839.

1,000acres90,47980,06979,83276,91478,865

74,785• 72,088

77,65677,47473,29673,911

71,85468,83468,16866,16763,026

62,545'62,36962,22959,65958,79956,277

52,44647,64044,08443,58442,002

38,388

35,83335,11632,11630,017

1,000bushels

2,534,7621,615,0161,900,4011,897,4122,335,804

1,650,446'2,122,3282,294,2892,250,6321,604,5491,782,767

2,057,8071,947,8381,652,1481,755,2721,244,893

1,706,673'1,751,, 5921,751,9841,564,5371,515,8621,478,173

1,450,2761,058,7781,008,3261.279,3691,141,715

1,124,775'760, 9 iS782,084919 , 590793.905730,814

'838,793'592,071'377,532

Dollars0.252.451.361.393

.496

.275

.331

.424

.357

.322

.349

.418

.481

.628

.390

.364

.313

.357

.361

.419

.641

.483

.383

.464

.521

.725

.617

.781

.657

1,000acres38,998

40,16740,79042,97941,090

33,58036,09834,96936,87336,312

35,09538,48585,58736,49636,795

38,096

35. W035,34733,37927,96328,283

28,38227,31024,86622,96222,230

20,945

21,19419 . 14016,73815,408

1,000bushels642,119541,873605.795611,854677,543

449.042468,871604,370423,867490,761

513,540

399,931571,292438.762552,207405,886

502,257

i59,i83459.234449,175395,610309,116

313,728356,115321,931271,482271,881

254,429287,71,6289,526246,272210,878169,703

173,105

100, i8681,, 823

i average price received by farmers, 1908-1967; Dec. 1 price prior to 1908. 3 Corn harvested for grain only.

Series K 274-285. Oats, Barley, Flaxseed, and Soybean Acreage, Production, and Price: 1839 to 1957

[Census figures in italics]

Year

1957.1956.

1955.195!,.1954.1953.1952.1951.

1950.

19i».

1947.1946.

1945.191,1,.1944.1943.1942.1941.

1931,..1934..

Oats for grain

Acreageharvested

274

1,000acres34,64733,706

39,24337,92140,55137,53637,01235,233

39,30635,31,1,37,79439,28087,85542,812

41,73935,1,2589,74138,91488,19738,161

36,43129,93333,46036,04235,54233,654

40,109

2i,58929.45536,52841 , 70040,193

Production

275

1,000bushels

1,300,9541,163,160

1,503,074

1 ,3H,H21,409,6011,163,2051,217,4331,277,647

1,369,1991 ,136,61,21,220,1181,450,1861,176,1421,477,573

1,523,8511 .Oil, 1121,149,2401,139,8311,342,6811,182,609

1,246,450870,258957,704

1,089,3831,176,744792,583

1,210,229

i58,780544,247736,309

1,264,5841,124.232

Price perbushel 1

Dollars0.608.688

.596

.71

.711

.740

.783

.821

.790

.65

.655

.7231.05.809

.667

.69

.709

.722

.488

.411

.303

.310

.238

.802

.449

.264

.481

.335

.157

.213

Barley for grain

Acreageharvested

277

I,000acres14,98812,940

14 , 56412,55613,3708,6808,2369,424

II, 1559,1809,87211,90510,95510,380

10,45411,69312,30114.90016,95814,276

13,52512,01112 , 73910,6109,9698,329

12,4366,1986,5779,64113,20611,181

Production

278

1,000bushels437 , 170376,873

401,225361,, 716379,254246,723228,168257,213

303,772220,963237,071315,537281,868265,059

266,994261,1,25276,276322,913429,460362 , 568

311.278260,811278,193256,620221,889147,740

288,667HO.Oii117,390152,839299,394200,280

Price perbushel 1

279

Dollars0.879.984

.917J. 081.081.151.351.24

is05

04

It70

M

1.021.001.02.991.632.529

.397

.405

.368

.542

.782

.379

.686

.434

.221

.328

Acreageharvested

280

» average price received by farmers, 1908-1957; Dec. 1 price prior to 1908.

1,000acres4,8995,648

4,9815,1795,6634,5703,3043,904

4,090I,, 8135,0484,9734,1292,432

3,7852,1,772,6105.6914,4083,266

3.1822,0812,171

905927

1,125

2,126998

1.0021.3411,9882,431

Production

281

1,000bushels25,91948,009

41,24335 , 1,95

41,27437,65630,18434,696

40,236I,0,18942,97654,80340,61822,588

34 , 55720,76521,66550,00940,97632 , 133

30,92418,82919,6068.0327,0705,331

14.9145,5985,7196,904

II, 51111,755

Price perbushel 1

282

Dollars2.942.99

2.903.01,

3.053.643.783.71

3.343.603.635.716.154.04

2.892.91

2.912.832.3561.788

1.416

1.4631.5921.8661.897

1.420

1.7021.627

1.167

Soybeans for beans

Acreageharvested

283

I,000acres20,82620.642

18,620

16, iU17.04714,82914,43513,615

13,80710,11,810,48210.682

II, 4119,932

10,740

10,24510,3979,8946,889

4,807

4,3153,0352,5862,359

2.915

1.5561,0441,0011,141

Production

284

1,000

483,715449,446

373 , 522323 , 965341,075269,169298,839283,777

299,249

212.H0234,194227,217186,451203,395

193,167187,7*6192,121190,133187,524107 , 197

78,04587,59190,14161,90646,16433,721

48,90123.01523,16713 , 50916,15817.260

K 274-285 AGRICULTURE

Series K 274-285. Oats, Barley, Flaxseed, and Soybean Acreage, Production, and Price: 1839 to 1957—Con.

[Census figures in italics]

Oats for train

Acreageharvested

274

Production

275

Price perbushel 1

276

Barley for grain

Acreageharvested

277

Production

278

Price perbushel 1

279

Flaxseed

Acreageharvested

Production

281

Price perbushel >

Soybeans for beans

Acreageharvested

Produc- Price per

1,000 1,000

19391929.192819271926.

1925.193*.192419231922.1921.

1920.1919.1919.1918.1917.1916.

19151914191319121911

191019091909190819071906

39,84733 , 46638,15340.12840,85042,854

44.24037,65041,85740,24540,32445,539

42,73237,99139 , 60142,46441.60439,098

38,80237,21337,24537,24487,149

36,84435,15935,06234,31034,43933.688

1,274,592992.7/,?

1,112,9491.312,9141,093,2211.152,911

1.406,268I, SOI,, 5991,416,1201,227,1841,147,9051,045,270

1,444,2911,055, IBS1,106,6031.428,6111,442,5191,138,969

1,435,2701,066,3281,039,1311,853,273885,527

1,106,1621 ,007, US1,013,909829,308801,144

1,022,715

Dollars

0.322

1,000

.418

.407

.471

.389

.478

.407

.374

.322

.640

"767.685.701.487

383.439386.337

.356

428.492

.317

12,629It, 89113,56412,7359,4657,917

8,1866,7677,0387,1516,6017,074

7,4398,1,736,5799,1988.4537,623

7,2797,6537,6737,5427,613

7,5467,6997,6977,4096,8546,744

301,619tes,590280.637328.351289,071166,030

192,466159,139165,318158,994162,908132,702

171,042133,035131,086225.067182,209159,157

206,976177,712158,820196,927146,074

142,419

173,m173,069170,780150,584179,148

Dollars

0.405

"539

1.000

579

.814

.742

.546

.499

.478

.848

1.244.951

1.231.804

.520

.536

.525

.509

.828

.807

. 559

. 566

.665

.418

3,7803,9663,0492,6112,7632,736

3,022I.4M3.5352,0151,1131,143

1,6471,3611,2931,7831,8811,298

1,1161,5611,9542,9412,631

2,2223,0832,0812,3512,6992.568

I,000bushels

21,67815,01,615,92419,11825,17418,531

22,33438,31,631,22016 , 56310,5208,107

10,9006,6536,77012,7798,402

II, 829

11,27012,94015,09928.13918,537

11.38419,51319,51120,62723 , 79327,636

Dollars

1.613

1,000 1,000

1,074

2.8121.9391.9252.082

2.265

708579568

415

13.9298,6619.4387,8806,9385,289

4,875

Dollars

1.368

2.1792.1252.0811.655

2.827

448 4,947

4.407

S.5753.1132.310

1 6791.8071.2341.2871.972

2.275

1.4231.167.956

1.015

1.8791.8841.8112.0O9

2.345

2.458

Year

Oats for grain

Acreagehar

vested

274

Production

275

Price perbushel 1

276

Barley for grain

Acreagehar

vested

277

Production

278

Price perbushel 1

279

Flaxseed

Acreagehar

vested

280

Production

Price perbushel >

282

Year

Oats for grain

Acreagehar

vested

Production

275

Price perbushel 1

Barley for grain

Acreagehar-

vseted

277

Production

278

Price perbushel 1

279

1905.1904.1903.1902.1901.

1900.1899.1899.1898.1897.1896.

1895.1894.1893.1892.1891.

1890.1889.1889.1888.1887.1886.

1886.1884.

1,000acres

33,42632,74982,18731,35880,891

81,04929, SW29,25429.32728,82980,248

30,90529,55629,26628,16827,756

28,27538,31128,69727,80726,27224,426

23,36121,974

1,000bushels

1,104,3951,011,556885,469

1,076,899799,812

946,4889*3. S89937,173842,205:829,525774,929

924,858750,009707,129721,824836,789

609,122809,351831,047773,139696,175682,312

674,151640,620!

Dollars

0.288309337.305.397

.268

.245

.251

.210

.183

.198

.320289.315.306

.417

.219

.270

.297

.289

.279

.272

1,000acres

6,6586,5796,2315,4744,968

4,703*.*704,4724,1134,1204,131

4,1853,6393,6893,8573,590

3,2503,3313,8523,2833,2588,027

2,8622,694

1,000bushels

171,639166,103149,335146,207123,800

96,588119,635118,16198,174102,57597,479

104,47574,21187,10995,17094,160

69,88078,33380,79075,98072,39573,503

63,96367,919

Dollars

0.394.412.447.453.454

.407

.388

.389

.343

.296

.828

.437

.402466.522

.621

.415591.520.531

.557

.483

1,000acres

2,4392,0923,1803,8788,178

2,7623,1112,1021,8891,3651.848

2,0391,4571,2871,4232,040

2.2831,3191.344

1,000bushels

28,69222,62525,36036.08027,605

16,01719,97919,96918.51613,23817,738

21,41410,49010,42111,80716,732

19,17610,36010,61410,0009,80010,000

9,3009,500

Dollars

0.848.993.818

1.061

1883...1882...1881...

1880...1879...1879...1878...1877...1876...

1875...1874...1878...1872...1871...

1870.1869.1869.1868.1867.1866.

1,000acres

20,62119,07516,916

16,414

16, US15,95515.83014,81614,589

13,61612,77612,01011,78911,061

10,348

9,5558,8978,1767,935

1819.18*9.1839.

1,000bushels

606,576540,462446,126

417,942W.H59415,440443,365435,330327,212

364,967272,501306,906326,759306,218

267,947383,107284.004229 , 676222,605282,360

173,6*31*6,581,133,071

Dollars

0.324.871.455

.849

326.240.288

.849

.867

.520

.374

.322

.385

.426

1,000acres

2,4742,4342,201

1,9901,9981.9261,8481.9621,973

702628473421348

1,331

.461

.541

.587

.474

1,2381,0641,058754

1,000bushels

57,12660,07248,984

45,261

W.99742,36937,44839 , 17340,711

32,81236,12530 , 53632,00527,690

29,04739,76129,09923,20023 , 85018,095

15,8366,1671.163

Dollars

0.689.631.819

.688

.599

.584633.685

.86696296S.738.771

.868

""872'1.4901.218.952

1,000

8.6008,6007,800

7,5007,1707,1717.0007,0005,800

5,4005,4004,8003,4002,800

2,4001,7302,1002,0001,9001,800

5675 62

1 Season average price received by farmers, 1908-1957; Dec. 1 price prior to 1908.

298

CROPS K 286-294

Series K 286-294. Rice, Rye, and Buckwheat Acreage, Production, and Price: 1866 to 1957

[Census figures in italic*]

Rice Rye for grain Buckwheat

YearAcreageharvested

ProductionPrice per100 lbs.'

Acreageharvested

ProductionPrice perbushel'

Acreageharvested

ProductionPrice perbushel'

286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294

1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000InulkUacres cwt. Dollars acres butkelt Dollars acres Dollars

1967 1,340 42,936 5.11 1.672 27, 248 1.08 109 1,871 1.101956 1,569 49,459 4.86 1,623 21,155 1.16 110 2,032 1.19

1,826 65,902 4.80 2.049 29,055 1.06 112 1,984 1.171854— *.m 68,284 *.M 1, UO 81,844 1 .99 1 98 2,277 .871954 2,550 64,193 4.66 1,795 25.935 1.20 150 2,692 .9841958 2,169 52,884 6.19 1,430 18,894 1.81 178 8,199 .9111952 1,997 48.193 6.87 1,393 16,146 1.78 168 3,232 1.411951 1,996 46,089 4.82 1,722 21,517 1.64 199 3,296 1.40

1950 1,687 88.820 5.09 1,753 21,408 1.82 253 4,424 1.111,S1» 40,244 4. Si IMS 16,568 1.99 286 4,818 .841,868 40,769 4.10 1,654 18,102 1.21 269 4,966 .963

1948 1,804 38,275 4.88 2,058 25,886 1.46 380 6.086 1.121,708 85,217 6.97 1,991 26,497 2.26 606 7,177 1.90

1946 1,582 32,497 6.00 1,597 18,487 1.92 383 6.812 1.48

1945 1,499 30,668 8.98 1,850 23,708 1.35 401 6,467 1.19ttu 1 ,884 29,270 8.91 t,ots tl ,848 1.091944 1,480 30,974 8.93 2,182 22.525 1.09 608 8,966 1.011943 1,472 29,264 3.96 2,652 28,680 .982 606 8.880 1.26

1,457 29,082 8.61 8,792 52,929 .603 875 6,686 .8461941 1,214 23,095 3.01 3,573 43,878 .542 337 6,088 .674

1940 1,069 24,495 1.80 3,204 39,725 .420 388 6,476 .5381939 851 19,713 1.64 8,556 36, 844 .440 861 6,689 .621989 1,046 24,328 1.62 3,822 38,662 .439 370 6,786 .622

1988 1,076 23,628 1.42 4,087 55,984 .338 448 6,763 .539

1987 1.099 24,040 1.46 3,825 48,862 .686 421 6,808 .667

1986 981 22,419 1.85 2,694 24,239 .812 379 6,440 .861

1986 817 17,753 1.60 4,066 66,938 .398 506 8,488 .5482Mi 706 n,ssi 1.71 1.9H le.tsi .7*0

812 17,571 1.76 1,921 16,286 .720 476 8,994 .6851988 798 16,943 1.73 2,405 20,678 .627 460 7.816 .5581982 874 18,729 .930 3,350 39,099 .280 454 6,727 .4841981 965 20,076 1.08 8,169 82,777 .841 507 8,910 .428

1980 966 20,218 1.74 3,646 45,383 .444 574 6,967 .7881989 741 IS, Oil t.is 8,088 Si, 303 .860 622 8,359 .961929 860 17,790 2.22 3,138 85,411 .857 629 8,710 .9621928 972 19,725 2.03 3,320 88,065 .836 679 10,117 .8981927 1,027 20,024 2.02 3,466 61.196 .885 764 12,820 .8721926 1,016 18,911 2.61 3,427 34,968 .830 679 10,976 .875

1925 868 14,866 3.30 8,807 42,418 .791 742 12 . 559 .8711884 744 18,286 t.to 8,744 88,674 1.040 717 13,00i 1.07

1924 888 14,689 2.99 3,943 68,470 .958 787 12,608 1.076

1923 874 14,957 2.49 4,946 66,091 .694 689 11,596 .968

1,063 18,748 2.19 6,770 101.142 .639 729 11,776 .8931921 990 17,678 2.18 4,865 61,206 .841 640 11,822 .881

1920 1,299 23,242 2.48 4,843 62,113 1.469 729 12,193 1.254

1919 811 16,899 8. it 7,679 76 , 99t 1 .530 748 19,690 1.55

1919 1,083 19,810 6.46 7,187 78.849 1.459 733 12,707 1.690

1918 1,101 17,999 8.99 6,709 83,586 1.497 1,018 14,404 1.640

1917 963 16,621 4.26 6,064 60.881 1.738 926 13,605 1.674

1916 843 17,795 2.19 3,528 43,089 1.124 786 10,302 1.267

1916 740 11,748 1.86 3,417 46,762 .839 754 12,528 .816

1914 646 10,565 1.98 3,144 42,120 .819 762 12,919 .807

1918 722 10,894 1.98 3,089 40,390 .610 774 10,208 .763

1912 648 10,665 1.98 2,724 87,911 .651 804 16,096 .679

1911 636 10,198 1.76 2,462 31,396 .807 806 18,888 .758

1910 666 11,129 1.47 2,262 29,098 .729 840 14,636 .675

610 9,8*7 1 .89 9,196 99,690 .690 878 14.848 .68

662 10,614 1.76 2,212 30,083 .780 871 14,762 .723

1908 696 10.079 1.80 2,130 28,650 .728 842 14,676 .777

563 9,338 1.91 2,078 28,247 .726 833 14,225 .699

1906 605 7,999 2.01 2,154 29,609 .685 821 14,806 .594

1905 467 7,217 2.10 2,297 81 , 173 .603 825 16,997 .683

1904 674 8,647 1.46 2,206 28,461 .692 831 15,489 .625

1903 647 8,590 2,260 28,932 .586 824 14.263 .608

1902 646 6,541 2,444 83 , 862 .600 810 13,647 .596

1901 423 6,702 2,409 80,778 .650 807 15,146 .663

1900 861 4,407 2,127 27,418 .501 791 11,709 .668

1899 Sit 4.081 8,084 25,569 .480 807 11,284 .51

1899 338 4,029 2,069 26,001 .495 803 11 , 197 .561

1898 314 8,787 2,204 29,044 .441 794 12,187 .448

1897 290 3,084 2,328 31.129 .426 827 14,318 .419

1896 270 2,840 2,699 81,852 .369 856 13,791 .890

1895 292 8,841 2,400 29,614 .407 801 12,426 .458

1894 2,166 26,758 .488 805 11,024 .651

1893 2,162 26.700 .496 806 10,330 .684

1892 2,239 28,718 .537 840 12,119 .622

1891 2,180 29,569 .772 829 12,868 .571

1 Season average price received by farmers, 1908-1957; Dec. 1 price prior to 1908.

299

K 286-297 AGRICULTURE

Series K 286-294. Rice, Rye, and Buckwheat Acreage, Production, and Price: 1866 to 1957—Con.

[Census figures in italics]

Year

Rye for grain

Acreageharvested

Production

Price perbushel 1

291

Buckwheat

Acreageharvested

292

Production

293

Price perbushel 1

Year

Rye for grain

Acreageharvested

289

Production

Price perbushel 1

291

Buckwheat

Acreageharvested

292

Production

189018891889188818871886

18851884188318821881

1880187918791878

2,116f ,1722,2482,1811,9851,918

1,8972,1002.1232,0801,749

1,752t,8kt1,8251,905

1.000bushels

26,378t8,Ul29 , 52428,44022,53023,854

21,71426,62725,40726,74719,181

19,30619,83*19,78921,756

Dollars

0.623

.420

.592

.535

.530

580534.584.631.917

.746

1,000acres

821S3 7

.674

.545

812799802

826782804800800

818818842

I,000bushels

II, 979It, 11011,6549,7299,66610,771

11,56710,1397,14310,6788,678

11,00911,81711,74212,000

Dollars

0.673

1,000 1,000

. 509,629.566.543

.660

.584

.820728.867

.592

.596

1877.1876.

1875.1874.1873.1872.1871.

1870.1889.1869.1868.1867.1866.

1,8441,770

1,6471,5681.5531,5631,588

1,559

1,6311,6201,6491,509

21,86019,266

16,92717,30516,14116,77616,975

15,63718,91917,90617,21819,59517,619

Dollars

0.606.680

.769

.856

. 757

.744

.787

.806

1,000

815

747751769725

739

.8731.2021.3121.058

761781811772

1 Season average price received by farmers, 1908-1957; Dec. 1 price prior to 1908.

Series K 295-297. Sugarcane Acreage, Production, and Price: 1909 to 1957

1,000

11,8549,613

10,99110.03110,37010,3379,271

9,2499,8tt10,43710,52011,18411,861

[Census figures in italics]

Acreageharvested

Production,rawsugar

296

Price perton

297

Year

Produe-Acreage tion,harvested raw

sugar

295 296

Price perton

297

Year

Acreageharvested

Production,rawsugar

296

1957 (prel.)1956

19651961

1954195319521961

1960

19i91949194819471946

1946

19U19441948

1,000acres

258.6233.1

266.8t78.6285.6324.5817.8296.9

310.4819.6315.6309.2293.6286.8

266.4t«9.1278.1284.2

1,000tons

532561

574

610630605

419

664

521477377425

475

437497

Dollars

6.908.04

6.616.706.957.256.966.87

7.808.008.255.76

'4.95'4.67

1942

1941

194019391939193819371936

19351934193319321931

193019191929192819271926

1,000acres

290.2254.8

240.1

U7.9254.1296.2286 2243.6

253.1235.8211.4220.6182.1

18719619113078128.0

1,000tons

458416

332

506584459438

882262250265184

215

2181367248

Dollars

4.403 95

2.842.712.903.67

3.152 333 142 983.21

3.318.768.733.864.614.92

19251924192319221921

19201919191819171916

1915191419131912

1911

19101909

1,000acres

190.0163.0217.5242.5228.9

189.3180.0234.1246 0227.3

184.0216.6255.0205.0817.1

311.0292.0

1,000tons

142

90168302334

180125290251317

141252307166368

362338

1 Includes average support payments 1945, $1.50; 1944, $.83; 1943, $.34.

300

CROPS K 298-306

Series K 298-306. Hay, Cotton, and Cottonseed Acreage, Production, and Price: 1790 to 1957

[Census figures in italics]

Year

Hay I

Acreageharvested

ProductionPrice per

i

Cotton

Acreage

301

PriceStocks,Aug. li

inning balProduction

1,000

1957.1956.

1955.1954-1954.1953.1952.1951.

1950.1949.1949.1948.1947.1946.

1945. .1SU--1944..1943..1942..1941..

73,43173,302

75,86069,94073,72174,99775,14775,063

75,15065, 63172,82171,81774,66673,741

76,697

1,000

120,977108.680

112.737103,597107,834108,245106,386109,502

103,82088,99996,99096,172100,57699,518

107,438

Dollars

18.5021.20

20.9022.2222.0022.1024.8023.00

21.4021.1721.2023.6022.3020.90

19.30

1939.1939.1938.1937.1936.

1935.1931.1934.1933.1932.1931.

1930.1 929.1929.1928.1927.1926.

1925.

19H.1924.

192ll

1919..1919..1918..1917..1916..

1915..1914- .1913..1912..1911.

1910.1909.

19081907..

1905..1904 -.1903..

1901 .

77,63977,00474,82773,136

73,05865,97969,24368,17566,001

67,732

68,55068,62565,38768,43970,41268,160

67,94767,82869,53167,18572,13168,795

70,10574, 09674.45973 , 54575,43278,070

78,03372,78073,15671,90971,01772,918

69,51867,33766,87367,39565,885

68,33268,22768,70361,48749,83348,650

48,33347,48046,65044,71648,555

42.48813,12743,39543,08342,39640,971

41,15341,86442,08341,32840,350

102 , 889103,128107,71795,754

96,05082,1,1386,53391,42083,00270,014

90,36464,08460,48575,07283,72175,203

74,52785,28187,85783,84298,15176,025

78,832

91,45489,41895,15284,821

91,66890,35692,48782,28885,02498,633

91,43682,60577,02286,06664,574

75,18487,21687,17271,64266,27160,391

66,56365,55263,64759,09853,098

49,84353,82853,97560,41655,82650,626

40,48147,78153,45152,74651 , 139

20.9018.6013.7012.20

9.82

10.206.788.7411.16

7.52

13.208.096.208.73

11.10

10.9011.3010.3013.30

12.80

12.7013.1011.6011.60

16.50

20.9019.6016.5011.10

10.3010.6011.4010.8014.10

11.70

10.209.0811.6010.40

8.498.829.189.059.88

9.78

8.206.527.217.60

9.638.989.488.788.65

1,000

13,55815,615

16,92818,85819,25124,34125,92126,949

17 , 84326,59927 , 43922,91121,33017,584

17,029

19,61721,61022,60222,236

23,86122,81123,80524,24833,62329,755

27,50926,75426 , 86629,38335,89138,704

42,444US, 22743,23242,43438,34244,608

44,38659,20439,50135,55031,36128,678

34,408M.74032,90635,03832,24533,071

29,95135.61535,20632 , 55734,916

31,50852,04430,55531,09130,72931,404

27,75330,07727,76227,56127,050

24,88624,27524,16324,71525,13123,230

19,83921,88620.25618,86921,503

1,000baits

10,96413,310

14,72112,92113,69616,46515.13915,149

10,01475,41916,12814,87711,8608,640

9,01511,81012,23011,42712,81710,744

12,56611 ,48111,81711,94318,94612,399

10,6389,4729,63613,04713,00317,097

13,93214,57414,82514,47712,95617,978

16,10513,68313,63010,1409,7557,945

13.42911 ,37611,41112,01811,28411.448

11,17216,11214,15313,70315,694

11,60910,64910,00513,24111,10613,274

10,57613,4389,85110,6309,508

10,1249,5859,34611,27810.8998,533

7,1629,9017,4936,7009,035

Cents

>29.6531.75

32.3333.8533.6132.2534.5937.88

40.0728.7028.5830.3831.9332.64

22.52

20.7319.9019.0517.03

9.89

9.098.608.41

12.36

11.09

12.3610 176.525.66

9.46

16.7817.9820.1912.47

19.61

22.9128.6922.8817.00

15.89

85.3428.8827.0917.36

11.227.3512.4711.609.65

13.96

13.528.6910.369.58

10.788.9810.497.607.03

9.15

6.985.736.686.66

7.624.697.008.347.24

1,000bales

11.32314 , 529

11,205

1.000tons

9,7285,6052,7892,278

6,846

6,2873,0802,5307,326

11,164

4,6095,407

6,0435.4185,7096,7486,1906,286

4,1056,4106,5595.9454,6823,514

3,664

10,74410.65710,64012 , 166

10,564

4,9024,6885.2024,553

5,286

13,03311,5384.4995,409

7,208

4.8694,9507,8445,472

4,634

7,7448,1659,6786,370

4,530

4,2565,5115,8157,810

6,028

2,3122,5363,7623,543

1,610

6,4066,3196,7587,989

7,150

1,5562,3253,3226,896

3,824

6,0504.5034,3303,528

5.966

4,4453,5092,7203,140

3,9361,3661,5111,6521,275

940

5,0695,3415,0125,085

4,9637.1556,2866,0876,970

5,156

1,4691,1611,4651,299

4,4425,8834,9315,898

4,7005,9674,3794,7294,226

4,500

4,1525,1204,8788,778

8,1744,4483,2972,9663,967

end of table.

301

K 298-309 AGRICULTURE

Series K 298-306. Hay, Cotton, and Cottonseed Acreage, Production, and Price: 1790 to 1957—Con.

[Census figures in italics]

Year

Hay '

Acreageharvested

298

Production

299

Price perton »

300

Cotton

Acreageharvested

301

Production

302

Price perpound 1

Cottonseed

production

305

Year

Cottonproduction

Year

Cottonproduction!

302

Year

Cottonproduction

1890.1889.1889.1888.1887.1886.

1885.1884.1883.1882.1881.

1880.1879.1879.1878.1877.1876.

1875.1874.1878.1872.1871.

1870.1869.1868.1867.1866.

1,000acre*

39,613

1,000tons

50,548

38 , 86737.41136,48085,771

34,50733,44832.07730,37328,619

27,011

50,31247,17741,55944,876

42,96043.06643,91039,47135,490

32,522

26,64125.62724,74923,986

22,66221,86121 , 59721,08120,270

19,71919,31019 , 56818,64118,250

30,61833.27530,45428,796

25,52224 , 53723,90323 . 86822,215

21,30824 , 50323 . 19823,20921,298

Dollars

8.11

7.749.2410.098.72

10.078.998.779.9912.25

11.82

9.637.328.729.80

12.7513.8514.4016.3516.57

14.4512.7613.9014.3014.48

I,000acres

20,937to, 17520,19119 . 52018,79318,370

17,92216,84916,29515,63816,483

16,921

n.w14,47413 , 53912.606II, 747

11,34810,75310.9989,5808,285

9,2387.7516,9737,6847.666

1,000bales

8,653

7,4736,9387,0476,505

6,6765,6825,7136,9495,456

6,606

5,7566,0744,7734,474

4,6313,836

16K

,933,974

4,3523,0112,3662,5202,097

Cents

8.59

8.558.508.558.06

8.399.199.139.1210.66

9.83

10.288.168.539.71

11.13141617.

12.16

1,000tons

3,3183,0743,0562,802

2.8282,4272,4503,0332,280

2,822

2,4252,1061,9941,826

1,9091,5671,7181,6211,223

1,7861,118974

1,042864

18651864186318621861

186018591859185818571856

18561854185318521851

185018191849184818471846

184518441843184218411840

1.000bales

2,094299449

1,5974,491

3,8415,8874.5088,7583,0122,874

3,2212,7082,7663,1302,799

2,136t.i692,0662,6152,1281,604

1,8062,0791,7502,0351,3981,348

18S91839183818371836

18351834183318321831

18301829182818271826

18251824182318221821

18201819181818171816

18151814

1,000bales

1,9761,6541,0931,4281,129

1,062962931816805

732764680565732

533450387439377

335349262212259

146

1,000

181318121811

18101809180818071806

18051804180318021801

18001799179817971796

17951794179317921791

1790

157157167

178172157167167

146136126115100

7342312321

17171064

1 AU hay, 1909-1957; tame hay prior to 1909.• Season average price for 1909-1957 ;Dec. 1 average price prior to 1909.

price 1909-1938. baled 1989-1967.Loose hay

1 Includes allowance for unredeemed loans.

Series K 307-309. Tobacco Acreage, Production, and Price: 1866 to 1957

19571956

19551954195319521951

19501949194819471946

19451944194319421941

19401939193819371936

19351934193319321931

1930192919281927

Acreageharvested

1,1221,364

1,4951,6681.6331,7721,780

1,5991,6231,5541,8521,960

1,8211,7501.4581,3771,807

1,4102,0001.6011,7531,441

1,4391,2731,7391,4051,988

2,1241,9801.8641,556

Production

1,000 pounds

1,667,5442,175,556

2.1922,2432,0592,2562,331

2,0291,9691,9792,1072,314

,852,735,230.073,585

.557,100,581160807

1,991,1081,950,9401,406,1901.408.3941,261,839

1,460,4411,880,6291,385,5731,569,0231,162,838

1.302,041'1,084,5891,871.9651.018,0111,565,088

1,648,0371,532,6761,373,2141.21}, 311

Price perpound 1

Cents

56.153.7

53.251.152 349.961 1

61.745.948.243.646.1

42.642.040.536 926.4

16 115.419.620.423 6

18.421.313.010.58.2

12.818.320.020.7

Year

1926

19251924192319221921

19201919191819171916

19151914191319121911

19101909190819071906

19051904190319021901

19001899189818971896

Acreageharvested

307

1,000 acres

1,628

1,7511,7021,8551,6161,340

1,9351,9591,7201,6161.483

1,4191,2581,2841,3351,133

1,3981,2921,0091,0421,123

1,1031,0261,2121,1891,098

1,0861,1021,116978

1,038

Production

308

1,000

1,289,272

1.376,0081,244.9281,617,5831,254,3041,004,928

1.509,2121,444,2061,444,5051,325,5301,206,785

1,157,4251,036.746991,605

1,117,415940,985

1,142,3201,053,818835,646885 , 620972,510

938.866856,595976,375959,506885,550

851,980870,250909,090708,276760,035

Price perpound 1

309

Cents

17.9

16.819.019.022.819.5

17.381.227.924.014.8

9.09.712.810.79.3

9.810.110.210.09.6

8.27.8

6.17.4

6.5

Year

18951894189318921891

18901889188818871886

18851884188318821881

18801879177818771876

18761874187318721871

18701869186818671866

Acreageharvested

307

1,006993

1,0961,039955

851758891722848

815754750744698

650633651789625

746378513492420

424395369370394

Production

308

1,000 pounds

745,000766,870766,670766,846747,460

647,535524.550660,790468.780608,616

610,500679,785509,825678,970425,905

469,895472,165456,395620,770466,050

609,455217,840382,430384,790826,620

345,045264,000285,795260,195816,496

Pricepoun

Cents

6.86 6

7.98 98.2

7.58,18,88.59 6

8 1

6 15 85 47.3

7.113.78.610.710.2

9.710 912 211.611 6

1 Season average 1919-1956; Dec. 1 price, prior to 1919. 1 Includes 26,500,000 pounds, that were not utilized due to AAA program.

302

VEGETABLES K 310-315

Series K 310-315. Irish Potatoes and Sweetpotatoes Acreage, Production, and Price: 1849 to 1957

[Census figures in italics. Prices are those received by growers]

Irish potatoes

Acreageharvested

Production

311

Price percwt. '

312

Sweetpotatoes

Acreageharvested

313

Production

Price percwt. 1

315

Year

Irish potatoes

Acreageharvested

310

Production

311

Price per

cwt. 1

312

Sweetpotatoes

Acreageharvested

Production

Price percwt. 1

1,000acres

1,8831,386

1,4141,2111,4131.5361,3971,348

1,698

1.5H1.7561,9812,0012,527

2,664t,5372,7803,2392,6712,693

2,832

».«**2,8132,8703,0552,960

3,4693,5823,5993,4233,5683,490

3,139

*.»u3.0303,4993,1822,811

2,8102,9113,1063.3783,9018,698

3,3013,2523,3003,5973,8013,274

3,4338,4178,4778,5053,532

1,000cwt.

239,539243,716

227,046£01,, US219,547231,679211,095195,776

269,112219, 801240,950269,937233.391292,889

251,639tlS,9t8230,356275,332221,339218,418

226,1522*0,054205,423213,609225,869194,873

227,33721,2,052243,889205,922224,816230,690

206,290198,150200,035256,349221,786192,964

177,880211,1,77230,500219,814249,224195,187

221,342

17K,257178,405207,668239 , 192162,233

206,066220,949199.468243,729181,628

Dollars

1.932.01

1.792.172.161.333.25

• 2.71

1.53t.lS2.132.662.682.03

2.33t.iS2.452.131.901.31

.8771.181.16.912.863

1.88

.978

.800

.7801.87.625

.761

1.52t.lS2.18.887

1.702.18

2.831.071.141.541.101.88

2.088.873.231.982.082.55

1.14.932

1.14.928

1.57

1,000acres

281284

341161332343322312

489392472455547

687

646673726857687731

648696728793768

944967959

9071,059864

670650647636724

646

6361,67564

674817

817

76780S791738725

668

627572596686603

1,000

cwt.

17,46716,920

20,94615,06817,19818,99816,04015,998

27,269t1,68324 , 80423 , 70227,30333,454

33,692

Si, 80937,53839,12836 , 00834,884

28,43482,26233,95937,73287,47932,871

44,687

±2,89042,72241,04047,62737,023

80,01785,86636,75832,54838,99384,815

27,67620,591,24,68635.12943,10140,689

42,349it, 95143,05037,72040,02233,860

34,78329,78030,79931,15430,407

Dollars

4.184.04

3.34

i.534.444.576.176.57

3.14

3.8i8.894.008.933.93

3.69f .408.468.752.161.68

1.551.361.331.271.421.67

1.22l.*71.371.24.853

1.22

1.931.892.042.071.932.07

2.962.622.712.181.762.02

2.532.912.962.892.361.79

1.881.691.501.601.72

1910.1909.1909.1908.1907.1906.

1905.1904.1903.1902.1901.

1900.1899.1899.1898.1897.1896.

1895.1894.1893.1892.1891.

1890.1889.1889.1888.1887.1886.

1885.1884.1883.1882.1881.

1880.1879.1879.1878.1877.1876.

1875.1874.1878.1872.1871.

1870.1869.1869.1868.1867.1866.

1859.181,9.

1,000acres

3,6443,8693,6753,4178,3333,254

3,2633,2083,0798,0772,960

2,9972,9392,9392,8772,809

8,0902,8692,6142,5192,633

2,5572,6012,6032,6042,4662,393

2.3352,3072,3732,2162,036

1.968

1.9611,8791,8781.788

1,7891,6541,5431,5591,496

1,4791.4001,2891,225

1,000cwt.

205,231233,517284,100183,148199,875204,876

180,421209,695165,770177,941124,447

155,813183,991163,641144,209118,904157,641

181,269118,614122,534114.120168,170

102,065130,528130,760143,78596,769117,046

118,286124,789136,253118,39076,544

99,095101,675101,66386.018

104,22173,667

107,88778,66877,69880,14480,833

64,72688,00286,75972,17559,79866,969

66 , 66039,1,79

Dollars

0.980.716.947

1.161.01.845

1.02.755

1.02.790

1.28

.717

.600

.668

.703

.922

.483

.448

.892

.9831.10.602

1.26

CO.598.652

1.15.758

.788

.637

.688

.9081.52

.803

(').720.975.743

1.10

.6381.121.16.997.963

1.18

(').848

1.811.611.11

1,000acres

68464!724621596585

574570565558558

542537531547531557

545548545544537

681525521515494481

474476470469441

469

451479454460

426406392379375

352

351325

I,000cwt.

83,17032,57832,44734,26431,53331,762

32,20830,53329,07926,93626 , 486

25,12623,38523,23527,90922,87323,101

24,68727,32225,08825,50026,175

24,73021,, 17324.62824.66121,19021,484

22,06117,80717,10822,95813,656

22,07018,35818,61821,28719,35821,018

17,88516.58218,29814.93116.451

17,001II, 91,012,49215,706

23,15221,01,7

i average price 1909-1967; Dec. 1 price, 1866-1908. s Not available.

303

K 316-328 AGRICULTURE

Series K 316-328. Apples, Peaches, Pears, Grapes, Oranges, and Grapefruit Production and Price: 1889 to 1957

[Census figures in italics. Prices are season average returns to growers]

Apples

Production

Total

1,000

109,038

135,968

150,093

125,440201,459116,827

174,407

12i,237128,203148,640146,809205,404

156.623ne, 1,33135,102177,813115,708229,656

152,424152,967160,457180,915189.42595,638

206,688136,561140.632161,484155.365181,215

201,720233,351135.104225,029210,447

139,915liS.ilt145,388148.940119,560216,720

136,220233.630195,680212,330135.500

205,930175,398175,324118,061163,728282,600

219,600134,648114,778120,636198,907

80,142US, 106142,974

Commercial 1

317

1,000bushels118,548100,623

107,157

"111^765'95,36894,415111.369

124,477

134,00289,330112,892118,901

66,686

121,26687,310

126,707122,217

111,436

139,247105,718153 , 16998,025

140,398

106,005

Price perbushel

318

Dollars1.862.35

1.952.222.252.572.431.74

1.63

1 -i31.382.221.792.30

2.90

2.002 391.37.96

XII

.64

.82

.641.04

.72

.88

.79

.61

.64

1.03

1.391.091.48.88

1.26

1.231.10

1 64

1.24

1.781.281.11.82

.68

.57

6X

X0

.78

Peaches

Production

319

1,000bushels61,51870,209

51,85255, 12562,07664,42762,43263,203

49,954

55, i5768,67260,61476,42782,854

79,23168,01178,08642,76166,72075,863

57,83266,57764,22253,92260,04948,756

55,440

U,7i848,60246,14144,10877,846

56,392ii ,82745,35866,64543,85367,267

46,101.47,75562,50445,66558,82133,479

45,26850,68652,56087,91347,54437,543

60,36252,34541,74149,35832,710

43,68235,1,7035,3234X . 1 13

22 , 52444,101

36,63141,06728,84787,82846,442

49,43515,1,33

15,430

36,368

Price perbushel

Dollars2.142.12

2.181.972.011.902.002.02

2.041 .451.472.011 642.11

2.23

86695091

79

.82

.771.041.00

S7

B0.60

1 00

1 491.031.251.06

1.57

1.311.491.401.53

2.18

1.861.671.341.08

1 00

B8

Pears

Production

321

1,000bushels81,67632,322

29.62226,77129,53627,85229,52428,871

28,62226,89932 , 89624,98434,05233,438

32,52127,78831,07124,23930,24429,129

29 , 59021,, 98129,27931,70429,21227,326

25,94326,57928,09524,01024,51325,280

27,16719,52021,72624,49118,26624,484

20,172

18,72417,32920,48711,562

17,47511,20114,89113,40013,79812,323

12,44313,01710,80813,13312,214

11,0348,81,19,185

3,061,

Price perbushel

Dollars1.592.27

2.132.062.112.031.722.43

2.141 .361.222.581.972.45

2.17

2.182.361.551.03

.74

74

.577679

7-1

XII

6849.77

84

1 711.221.561.02

1.48

1.571.371.071.76

1.66

Grapes

Production

Price perbushel

324

Tons2,598,7502,912,250

3,241,3502,1,17,9252,562,9002,689,500" 156,5003,378,100

2,677,9002,509,3282,614,2003,061,0003,020,0003,137,300

2,766,7502,620,0172,695,8002,965,2502,395,5002,724,900

2,466,4502,201,, 7272,448,9502,671,1502,726.1501,897,350

2,477,4501, 865,11,31,957,6001,938,6502,232.6501,647,300

2.457,5001,91,1,6992,086,1002,653,0002,591,7002,383,700

2,199,700

1,774.2502,226,1002,084,0001,268,000

1,520,4001,258,1,201,574,1501,316,7001,425,7001,266,950

1,268,0001,214,800987,600

1,197,0001,174,650

967,5001,132,5331,133,250

650, 1,92

Dollars62.4051.40

42.8050.0050.9047.9039.8040 00

68.201,0.0036.2039.0039.8093.60

59.00

78.6062.2035.6024.10

17.20

15.9014.5020.4021.40

14.90

19.8018.0013.4022.60

19.50

27.3020.1027.0026.40

33.10

37?90'

Oranges 3

Production !

325

1,000boxes111,155136,705

137,015138,186135,725130,870125.080122 , 590

121,710106,258108,476104,120114,510118,540

104,350

113,210106,65189 , 34985,163

85,510

75,74278,53174,28554,538

52,073

63,98847,17451,61549,902

55,060

31,82956,21832,73639,636

34,755

29,96038,30032 , 56922,668

33,385

24,80924,31512,26727,015

23,64725,40725,88813 , 57019,223

20,678

Price perbox '

Dollars3.062.06

2.401.951 941.941.721.51

1.972.112.221.741.301.55

2.93

2.692.642.471.56

1.18

95.77

1.76

1.51

1.151.39.88

1.22

1.35

3.B91.643.732.52

2.67

2.861 441.962.94

1 86

3 112.813.451.33

1.471 091 011 451.24

1.18

1.03

Grapefruit

Production

327

1,000boxes39.78044,780

45,38015,72942 , 19048,37038,36040,500

46,58031,01036,50045,53061,63059,520

63,450

52,18056 , 09050,48140,261

42,883

35,19243 , 59431,13330,670

18,347

21,34714,67215,00415,181

18,690

11,21513,2368,9209,753

8,550

9,0238,2897,103

6,234

6,2953,8802.2272,688

2,5592,5392,3072,0851,214

1,236

1,119

1 Estimates of the commercial crop refer to the production in the commercial appleareas of each State and include fruit produced for sale to commercial processors aswell as for sale for fresh consumption.

3 Includes tangerines.' Kelatea to crop from the bloom of the year shown. In California the picking

season usually extends from Oct. 1 to Dec. 81 for oranges, and Oct. 1 to Sept. 30of the following year for grapefruit. In other States the season begins about Oct. 1and ends in early summer.

' Prices are the equivalent per unit returns at the intake packing house door forall methods of sale.

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