HFO Refrigerants & Other Solutions for a Changing Industry · HFO Refrigerants & Other Solutions...

HFO Refrigerants & Other Solutions for a

Changing Industry

April 5, 2018

Rick WentlingNA Market Development Manager Opteon™ Stationary Refrigerants

Lainey LiottaNA Market Development ManagerOpteon™ Mobile Refrigerants

“The human brain starts working the moment you are born and never stops until you stand

up to speak in public.”

– George Jessel (Actor/Comedian)

Session Agenda

3

1. Chemours History2. Regulatory Background & Market Drivers3. The Future of Refrigerants

• Industrial Gases• HFOs

4. Refrigerant Flammability 1015. Preparing for the Future

• Refrigeration• Air Conditioning

6. Protecting your Future7. Educational Resources Overview8. Questions

The Chemours Story

4

DuPont co-invents fluorine-based

refrigerants (CFCs)

1930

Commercial Sales of Hydro-fluorocarbons (HFCs) begin

~1990

DuPont commercializes Low GWP Hydroflouro-olefin (HFOs)

2015DuPont spins off its

Performance Chemicals business, creating

Chemours (NYSE: CC)

2011 2016Chemours breaks ground on

world’s largest HFO manufacturing facility

2017Chemours named a 2017 Fortune 500

Company

An

ExcitingFuture…

2018Announced investment in

new World-Class Innovation Center for R&D

History is restored through Freon™

S

Session Agenda

5






Refrigerant Profiles are Changing

6

Phase OUT due to “Ozone Depletion Potential” (ODP).EPA Final Rule – R-22 Consumption Allowances.

30% Less than 2017

R-22 Phase Out – Final 2 Years

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

62 52 22 18 13 9 4

HFC Regulations – US EPA SNAP Program

7

This is a summary of the most commonly used refrigerants. Please consult EPA.gov/SNAP for a full l ist of unacceptable products .

* - EPA SNAP Rule 20** - EPA SNAP Rule 21

July 2016R- 404A/507

Cannot be used to retrofitthe following equipment:• Racks• Condensing Units*• Stand Alone Equip.*• Vending Machines*

2018

R- 404A/507

Cannot be used in the following new equipment:• Condensing Units*

2020

R- 404A/507, 134a, 407A/C/F, 410A

Cannot be used in the following new equipment:• Stand Alone (LT)*• Stand Alone

(MT >2200 Btu/hr.)*

2023

R- 404A/507, 407A, 410A

Cannot be used in the following new equipment:• Cold Storage

Warehouses**

2024

R- 134a, 404A/507,407C, 410A

Cannot be used in the following new equipment:• Centrifugal Chillers**• Positive Displacement

Chillers**

2017

R- 404A/507

Cannot be used in the following new equipment:• Racks*

2019

R- 404A/507,134a,407A/C/F, 410A

Cannot be used in the following new equipment:• Stand Alone

(MT <2200 Btu/hr.)*• Vending Machines*

2021R- 404A/507, 407A/C/F,

Cannot be used in the following new equipment:• Refrigerated food

processing / dispensing**• Household Refrigerators

& Freezers**

SNAP Rule 20 Vacated in January 2018

Kigali Amendment to Montreal ProtocolOct. 2016

8

HFC Phase-down(CO2 equivalent)Not a Phase-Out

Takes effect 2019>20 member countries ratified

Businesses should start planning now for alow-GWP future

Kigali has created a framework for regulatory bodies to address global warming

100%

2018 2047

Other Key RegulationsEnvironment & Climate Change Canada

9

90

60

3020

15

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

2019 2024 2029 2034 2036

& v

s. B

asel

ine

Year

Canada HFC Phasedown

Baseline is determined from the average imports of HFCs plus 15% of HCFCs in 2011, 2012, and 2013.

ODSHAR Amendment• Effective April 16, 2018• Overall CO2-based cap & phase-

down, in addition to GWP limits by select applications

Other Key RegulationsCalifornia Air Resources Board

10

Stationary Refrigerant limits in 2021 –New Systems (Proposed)

GWP Limit

Commercial Refrigeration containing >50lb 150

Commercial Refrigeration containing 20-50lb 1,500

New Chillers (AC & Refrigeration) 150

AC systems containing >2lb 750

Proposed Service Restrictions (Year)

GWP Limit

2020 2,500

2024 1,500

Ready or Not….

11

http://r744.com/articles/8129/senators_introduce_bill_giving_epa_power_over_hfcs?utm_source=mailchimp&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Bi-weekly%20Newsletter

http://thehill.com/policy/energy-environment/374292-senate-bill-would-let-epa-implement-global-greenhouse-gas-deal

https://insideepa.com/daily-feed/california-senate-bill-adopts-strict-obama-epa-hfc-rules

Session Agenda

12






Evolution of Refrigerant Technology

13

+ HFOs and HFO Blends

(R-1234yf, 1234ze, R-449A, 513A, etc.)

No ChlorineDouble Bond

Industrial Chemicals

(CO2, Hydrocarbons, Ammonia)

TODAY & TOMORROW

No ODPVery Low GWP

Industrial Chemicals(Methyl Chloride,

Ammonia, CO2, etc.)

1800s–1920s 1990s

HFCs(R-134a)

No ChlorineSingle Bond

No ODPHigh GWP

1950s

HCFCs(R-22)

Less ChlorineSingle Bond

Lower ODPHigh GWP

1930s

CFCs(R-12)

ChlorineSingle Bond

High ODPHighest GWP

Industrial Gases as Refrigerants

April 5, 2018 14

• Not new, some of the earliest refrigerants

• Used currently where they make sense (safety and efficiency concerns)

• Rebranding as “natural” products, but:

− The so-called “natural” refrigerants are actually industrial gases produced in large chemical processing facilities

− These facilities use energy to create or isolate, purify CO2, hydrocarbons and ammonia

− They also use feedstocks and generate wastes similar to other chemical manufacturing processes

Hydrocarbon Manufacturing – Example: Propane (R-290)

April 5, 2018 15

• Hydrocarbons are produced in an oil refinery or natural gas processing plant

• Many process steps to produce high purity refrigerants such as propane:

Natural Gas Process Steps

Start

Finish

Example Processing steps:▪ Condensate and water removal▪ Acid gas removal▪ Dehydration▪ Mercury removal▪ Nitrogen removal▪ Natural gas liquid recovery▪ Fractionation ▪ Sweetening purification units

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural-gas_processing

Ammonia Manufacturing (R-717)

April 5, 2018 16

• Ammonia is primarily produced by reaction of nitrogen with hydrogen

• However, there are several steps preceding this, starting with natural gas feedstock:

Ammonia Plant

1. Sulfur removal from natural gas feedstock:

H2 + RSH → RH + H2S (gas)

2. Hydrogen sulfide absorption through beds of zinc oxide:

H2S + ZnO → ZnS + H2O

3. Catalytic steam reforming to form hydrogen plus carbon monoxide:CH4 + H2O → CO + 3H2

4. Catalytic shift conversion to carbon dioxide and more hydrogen:CO + H2O → CO2 + H2

5. Carbon dioxide is then removed by absorption.

6. Catalytic methanation to remove small amounts of CO and CO2CO + 3H2 → CH4 + H2O

CO2 + 4H2 → CH4 +2H2O

7. Hydrogen is then catalytically reacted with nitrogen to form anhydrous liquid ammonia, and purified

3H2 + N2 → 2NH3

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammonia_production

CO2 (R-744) Manufacturing

April 5, 2018 17

CO2 is primarily produced by:• Combustion of fossil fuel (e.g. coal, oil, gas)• Separation of the CO2 from the combustion product stream (e.g. flue gas)• Several purification steps

CO2 separation and purification from power plant flue gas CO2 Production Options

CO2 Distillation from Air is Highly Inefficient

What is “Natural”?

April 5, 2018 18

ADJECTIVE1. existing in or caused by nature; not made or caused by humankind:

"carrots contain a natural antiseptic that fights bacteria"

2. of or in agreement with the character or makeup of, or circumstances surrounding, someone or something:

"sharks have no natural enemies"

3. (of a parent or child) related by blood:"such adopted children always knew who their natural parents were"

Naturaladjective nat·u·ral \ˈna-chə-rəl, ˈnach-rəl\

https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/adjective

What is “Natural”?

April 5, 2018 19

“Natural” – Not a scientific or engineering term• Not something that can be measured, tested

− i.e. US FDA – no real definition• Controversial usage in advertising/marketing hype

− “All-natural”, “Natural”− Foods, supplements, cosmetics, cleaners, disinfectants, etc.

“Occurring in Nature” is a low and not very useful criteria:

Water, Helium, Air, Carbon DioxideSulfur Dioxide, Ammonia, Natural Gas, Methylene ChlorideLead, Arsenic, MercuryStrychnine, Anthrax, Botulinum

Fluids in Refrigeration Systems Should Be Based On….

April 5, 2018 20

• Measurable data and objective chemical, physical, thermodynamic and environmental properties

• Standard and reproducible engineering principles, measurements and testing

For Example:− Boiling Point− Vapor Pressure− Heat Capacity− Ozone Depletion Potential− Atmospheric Lifetime

Not on ill or undefined, marketing hype or political buzz words, i.e. Natural

− Global Warming Potential− Toxicity (Acute, Chronic, etc.)− Flammability (LFL, UFL, Burning Velocity)− Heat of Combustion)− Energy Efficiency

Session Agenda

21






“Technology is anything invented after you were born, everything else is just stuff.”

– Alan Kay – Noted Computer Scientist (Apple, Disney, HP)

Evolution of Refrigerant Technology

23

Selection of Refrigerants for the Future Will Need to Balance Performance

(Capacity and Efficiency), Safety and Sustainability, and Total Cost of System Ownership

+ HFOs and HFO Blends

(R-1234yf, 1234ze, R-449A, 513A, etc.)

No ChlorineDouble Bond

Industrial Chemicals

(CO2, Hydrocarbons, Ammonia)

TODAY & TOMORROW

No ODPVery Low GWP

Industrial Chemicals(Methyl Chloride,

Ammonia, CO2, etc.)

1800s–1920s 1990s

HFCs(R-134a)

No ChlorineSingle Bond

No ODPHigh GWP

1950s

HCFCs(R-22)

Less ChlorineSingle Bond

Lower ODPHigh GWP

1930s

CFCs(R-12)

ChlorineSingle Bond

High ODPHighest GWP

What is Global Warming Potential?

April 5, 2018 24

Global Warming Potential (GWP)The potential for a gas to trap heat

in the atmosphere, resulting in climate change.

Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP)The potential for substances to reduce the amount of ozone in the atmosphere which blocks harmful radiation from the sun.

What is Global Warming Potential?

• It compares the amount of heat trapped by a certain mass of the gas in question to the amount of heat trapped by a similar mass of carbon dioxide.

• Depends on:

– the absorption of infrared radiation by a given species

– the spectral location of its absorbing wavelengths

– The atmospheric lifetime of the species

April 5, 2018 25

Atmospheric Life → rates of destruction reactions ( hydroxyl radical )

Huge Variation between different molecules

What is Global Warming Potential

April 5, 2018 26

Molecule Structure Atmospheric Lifetime

GWP

PFC-116 CF3-CF3 No hydrogen

HFC-134a CH2F-CF3 2-H atoms

HFO-1234yf CH2=CF-CF3 “Olefin”

10,000 years 11,100

13 years 1300

11 days < 1

How HFO’s Work

April 5, 2018 27

HFC

Hydro fluorocarbon

HFC

Hydro fluoro olefin

HFC-134a HFO-1234yf

13 Years 11 DaysAtmospheric Life

1300 < 1GWP

Double bond in HFOs Quicker breakdown in the

atmosphere, yet stable in systems

R-1234yf … Just Like R-134a

April 5, 2018 28

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100

134a

1234yf

Pre

ssu

re, M

Pa

Temperature, oC

R-134a HFO-1234yf

Formula CH2FCF3 CF3CF=CH2

Molecular Weight 102 114

ODP 0 0

GWP100 (AR5) 1300 <1

T Critical Point 102 ºC 95ºC

Boiling Point -26ºC -29ºC

• Same Operating Conditions as 134a (similar P/T curve)• Capacity & Efficiency similar to HFC-134a

Teaching Tool for Educators

April 5, 2018 29

Teaching Tool for Educators – HFO Explainer Videos

April 5, 2018 30

Search for:

“Getting to know Opteon™”

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i5Hx5tmMwws

Session Agenda

31



4. Refrigerant Flammability Classifications 1015. Preparing for the Future



Refrigerant Flammability Classifications

April 5, 2018 32

Highly Flammable

Non-Flammable

Moderately Flammable

Mildly Flammable

Flammability

Classification Examples:

Propane, Isobutane

R-152a

R-134a, R-410A1

2

3

To meet 2L flammability, burning velocity must be ≤ 10 cm/s

2L R-1234yf, R-452B

Flammability Parameters

April 5, 2018 33

• Lower / Upper Flammability Limits (LFL / UFL)– Minimum / Maximum concentrations of a substance in air that exhibit flame

propagation (usually shown as volume % in air).

• Minimum Ignition Energy (MIE)– Minimum energy required to ignite a flammable

gas / air mixture. Sources with energy levels below this value will not result in an ignition.

• Burning Velocity (BV)– The velocity of a laminar flame under given values of composition, temperature

and pressure.

• Heat Of Combustion (HOC)– Heat per unit mass (or mole) released by the combustion of a substance.

Parameter Risk Trend

Lower LFL

Larger (UFL – LFL)

Lower MIE

Higher UFL

Higher HOC

Flammability Data Comparison

April 5, 2018 34

R-290(Propane)

R-152aR-717

(Ammonia)R-1234yf

Safety Rating A3 A2 B2L A2L

LFL (vol. %) 2.2 3.9 15.0 6.2

UFL (vol. %) 10.0 16.9 28.0 12.3

UFL – LFL (vol. %) 7.8 13.0 13.0 6.1

MIE (mJ) 0.25 0.38 100 - 300 > 5,000

BV (cm/s) 46 23 7.2 1.5

HOC (kJ/g) 46.3 16.5 18.6 10.7

“Technology changes very fast, but people change very slowly.”

– Paul Adams – Global Head of Brand Design - Facebook

Codes & Standards

April 5, 2018 36

• Standards updates required to address flammable refrigerant needs

• Code updates also required

– UMC, IMC, IRC, NFPA

• EPA activities

– SNAP

• Industry activities supporting flammable refrigerants

– Joint ASHRAE-AHRI-DOE research

Working Safely will Change

April 5, 2018 37

• Identification

• Controlling charge size / room area

• Eliminating ignition sources

• Leak detection

• Mitigation strategies

• Best work practices

• Education & training

Working Safely will Change

April 5, 2018 38

Session Agenda

39






When the winds of change blow, some people build walls and others build windmills.

– Chinese Proverb

Opteon Low GWP HFO Products for Refrigeration

April 5, 2018 41

Incumbent Gas

XP SeriesNon-Flammable Replacement

XL SeriesMildly Flammable Replacement

Not Yet Commercialfor Stationary in US

XP40(R-449A)

GWP: 1282

XL20(R-454C)

GWP: 146

R-22(HCFC)

GWP: 1760

XP40(R-449A)

GWP: 1282

XP44(R-452A)

GWP: 1945

XL40(R-454A)GWP: 237

XL20(R-454C)

GWP: 146

R-404A/507(HFC)

GWP: 3943

XP10(R-513A)GWP: 573

XL10(R-1234yf)GWP: <1

R-134a(HFC)

GWP: 1300

Meeting Regulatory Goals with an Optimal Balance of Performance and Sustainability

April 5, 2018 42

Meets regulatory requirementsNon-ozone depleting

SNAP listed; 67% lower GWP vs. R-404A/507

✓

Reduces energy consumptionUp to 12% energy savings

✓

Extends life of existing equipmentCompatible with installed base

✓

Commercially available & OEM Approved• Emerson (Copeland), Bitzer, Tecumseh, Danfoss Approved• Thousands of supermarkets & commercial refrigeration

systems already using R-449A globally

✓

Optimal Balance of Properties

Non-flammable, Non-toxic (A1)✓

ASHRAE #: R-449ABlend Components: R-1234yf/134a/125/32 Blend Composition: 25.3/25.7/24.7/24.3

Replaces R-22 & R-404A

Solutions

April 5, 2018 45

Replaces R-22 & R-404A

Opteon™ XP40(R-449A)



Replaces R-134A Replaces R-404A

• GWP of 1282• Matches R-22 & R-404A

performance• Non-flammable• Widely adopted• Works in existing equipment.• Approved by major

equipment/component manufacturers

• GWP of 573

o 56% lower than R-134a

• Matches R-134a performance• Non-flammable• Works in existing equipment• Approved by major

equipment/component manufacturers

• Increasing popularity for including in CO2 cascade designs

• GWP of 1945

o 45% lower than R-404A

• Matches R-404A properties• Non-flammable• Works in existing equipment• Approved by major

equipment/component manufacturers• Approved in Remote Condensing

Equipment & Transport

Low GWP Solutions for Chillers

46

Chiller Type

CurrentRefrigerant

Applicable Regulations for the United States

Non-Flammable Replacement

(ASHRAE Class 1)

Mildly Flammable Replacement

(ASHRAE Class 2L)

High Pressure

R-410A(HFC)

Medium Pressure

R-134a (HFC)

Low Pressure

R-123 (HCFC)

US EPA SNAP Change of Status, Effective 1/2024

Use of R-410A in NewChillers is unacceptable

Opteon™ XL55 (R-452B)

Opteon™ XL41 (R-454B)

US EPA SNAP Change of Status, Effective 1/2024

Use of R-134a in NewChillers is unacceptable

Opteon™ XL10 (R-1234yf)

Opteon™ XP10 (R-513A)

US Clean Air Act (605):No New R-123 equipment,

Effective 1/2020

No production or import of R-123, Effective 1/2030

Opteon™ XP30 (R-514A)

What About Air Conditioning?

47

R-22 is Still Driving AC

48

30% Less than 2017

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

62 52 22 18 13 9 4

OnlyTWO ZERO.cooling seasons remain before R-22 consumption allowances reach

R-22 Phase Out

R-22 in Air Conditioning – Refrigerant Management

April 5, 2018 4949

Recovered R-22

Use recovered R-22 to service other equipment

Return to Wholesalerrefrigerant reclaim center to

get value ($) for R-22

Reclaim

Replace

Retrofit

Recycle

System 1

R-22

R-22 R-22 R-22

R-22 R-22 R-22

System 2 System 3 System 4

System 5 System 6 System 7

System 1

Freon™MO99

New System

R-410A

System 1

R-407COR

POE Oil ChangeMO/AB/POE Compatible

50

Freon™ MO99 (R-438A)

Closest performance match of all R-22 “No Oil Change” alternatives✓

Compatible with MO, AB, & POE lubricants

✓ Non-flammable, low toxicity (A1)

✓Extends life of existing equipment & minimizes component changes

✓ SNAP listed & UL approved

✓ Field proven, trusted quality for 10+ years

~93% capacity match & comparable energy efficiency

Pressures & mass flow close match to R-22Compatible with installed baseOnly replace the Schrader valve caps and cores in most applications

✓

ASHRAE #:R-438A

Blend Components:R-32/125/134a/600/601a

The first “no oil change” versatile R-22 retrofit refrigerant

R-22 Retrofit Considerations

51

There is NO such thing as a “drop in” refrigerant.

It is a recommended good practice to always change filter driers and

critical elastomeric seals.

No other refrigerant provides exactlythe same cooling, efficiency, durability, and other performance factors as the original refrigerant, with no changes to the existing equipment.

Why?

Oil Management Considerations

52

“No oil change” solutions can be used very effectively in most Residential A/C, Commercial A/C and Refrigeration systems.

The following considerations are true for ANY “No Oil Change” Product:

System Guidance

More complex systems with potential for challenging oil return

• Long pipe runs and/or poor line velocity design• Liquid receivers but no oil separator present

~20% POE addition

Trane™ 3-D™ Scroll / Danfoss SM ScrollReplace Oil in Compressor

Sump with POE

Screw compressorsDetailed system evaluation

recommended

Note:

Use of any 400-series retrofit blend is not recommended in systems with flooded evaporators

Beyond 410A….

53

• Refrigerant selection will vary by application depending on:– Price Sensitivity

– Self contained vs. split equipment design

– Codes/Standards & allowable charge size limits

– Energy Efficiency Targets

• GWP vs. Flammability trade-offs– Lowest GWP fluids will be A2L / A3

• Industry is working together to establish appropriate codes & standards to implement new technology

Equipment TypeCharge Size (lb)

Window / Portable AC

< 1

Residential Ductless Split

< 2

Residential Ducted Split

< 10

Commercial UnitaryRooftop

50+

Commercial multi-split

(VRF)50+

Session Agenda

54






Quality is the best business plan.

– John Lasseter, CEO of PIXAR

Not All Refrigerants are Created Equal

Protect yourself against counterfeit & un-approved products!

Check the EPA website to make sure the product you’re buying is SNAP listed!

April 5, 2018 56

Products that have not undergone the industry standard safety classifications process or a detailed safety review by the EPA can pose a significant financial and safety risk to

contractors and equipment owners.

it is illegal to sell refrigerants into the United States market that are not SNAP listed for the specified end-use application.

Flammability Concerns

Toxicity/Health

Concerns

Limited Tech Support

Legality Concerns

https://www.epa.gov/snap/substitutes-residential-and-light-commercial-air-conditioning-and-heat-pumps



Uncontrolled variation is the enemy of quality.– Edward Deming, Basic Statistical Tools for Improving Quality

ANSI/ASHRAE Safety Classification Process

April 5, 2018 58

Composition Tolerances of Blend

Toxicity

Flammability

Boiling pointMolar mass

Vapor pressure at 20C

NOAEL/LOELLC50-Lethal Concentration

CNS – Central nervous system effectsCardiac sensitization

Occupational exposure limit

Flame propagationBurn velocity

Worst case flammability formulaLeak scenarios - fractionation

Products that have not undergone the industry standard safety classifications process or a detailed safety review by the EPA can pose a significant financial and safety risk to

contractors and equipment owners.

Session Agenda

59






Education is the passport to the future,for tomorrow belongs to those

who prepare for it today.

– Malcom X

Free Educational Materials

61

Industry & OEM Support – Training, Product Info Technical Data/Literature PT, Enthalpy, Thermo, Conversion Guides, etc.

Field Technical Support Engineering Evaluations

Store Conversions

On-going Energy Analysis Interactive Technology

PT App

Refrigerant Expert Software

www.Opteon.com www.Freon.com

Chemours Refrigerant Expert (CRE) Version 1.0

April 5, 2018 62

Our FREE software can help!

Designing or evaluating a system?

Model Selection

April 5, 2018 63

Four different cycles can be selected 1) Single-stage compression 2) Single-stage compression with internal heat exchanger 3) Two-stage compression with a cascade 4) Single-stage heat pump cycle


Single Stage Compression Modeling

April 5, 2018 64

Select the refrigerant to be modeled

Ten Inputs: 1) Condenser Temp2) Evaporator Temp 3) Subcooling4) Superheat (Evaporator) 5) Superheat (Suction Line) 6) Theoret. Displacement 7) Refr. Capacity 8) Pressure Loss 9) Isentropic Efficiency 10) Volumetric Efficiency


Single Stage Compression Modeling Tips

April 5, 2018 65

• In modeling a blend (R-4XX refrigerant) there will be a difference between the input condenser and evaporator temperatures and the mean condenser and evaporator temperatures

• Due to temperature glide • For optimal capacity the evaporator temperature should be adjusted so the mean

evaporator temp is equal to the desired evaporator set point

• Capacity or theoretrical displacement needs to be defined to model mass flow

• For a retrofit scenario: fix theoretrical displacement as this can simulate using the same compressor with a new refrigerant

• For a new install scenario: fixed capacity as a system is generally designed to cool a defined load


Single Stage Compression Modeling

April 5, 2018 66

By selecting “Properties” the cycle calculations will pop up

Cycle Properties:

1a → After the evaporator 1 → Compressor Suction 2 → Compressor Discharge 3 → Liquid Line 4 → Evaporator inlet 1-2 → Enthalpy difference across evaporator at defined isentropic efficiency 1-2a → Enthalpy difference across evaporator assuming 100% isentropic efficiency


Single Stage Compression Modeling – Line Sizing

April 5, 2018 67

Line sizing calculations provide the following information for thesuction line, liquid line and discharge line:

1) Inside diameter 2) Velocity 3) Equivalent Length 4) Pressure drop 5) Total pressure drop

Any of the variables can be varied depending on the design condition

Chemours Refrigerant Expert can also do line sizing for a defined refrigerant and cycle


Teaching Tool for Educators

April 5, 2018 68

Search for:

“Chemours CRE Software”


P/T Calc App

April 5, 2018 69

App icon for

DRIOD®,

iPhone® and

iPad®

All the information you need in the field, right on your mobile device!

Interactive Guide to Global Regulations and Solutions

April 5, 2018 70

http://www.Chemours.com/RefrigerantGuide

http://www.chemours.com/RefrigerantGuide

Washington Post 3-Part Series: HFOs & Cooling the Planet

April 5, 2018 71

Google Search: Chemours Washington Post

Educational Videos

April 5, 2018 72

HFO/Opteon™ Explainer Videos

8 Simple Steps to Retrofit Freon™ MO99

Webinar: Regulations and Refrigerants

Opteon™ and Freon™ Products by Chemours

General Replacement Guide

April 5, 2018 73

Detailed Retrofit Guidelines

April 5, 2018 74

https://www.chemours.com/ISCEON/en_US/assets/downloads/Retrofit-R22-to-Freon-MO99-8-Basic-Steps.pdf

“No Oil Change” Product Comparison Guide

April 5, 2018 75

https://www.chemours.com/ISCEON/en_US/assets/downloads/no-oil-change-r22-replacements-for-ac.pdf

Technical Information

April 5, 2018 76

Thermodynamic & Transport Properties

P/T & P/E Data & Charts

Case Histories

April 5, 2018 77

https://www.chemours.com/ISCEON/en_US/uses_apps/case_histories/index.html

White Papers

• Multi-Year Evaluation of R-449A as a Replacement for R-22 in Low Temperature and Medium Temperature Refrigeration Applications

• Testing of Low GWP Replacements for R-410A in Stationary Air Conditioning

• Hot Surface Ignition Testing of Low GWP 2L Refrigerants

• Testing of HFO Refrigerant with Less Than 150 GWP in a Commercial Freezer

• Combined Heat and Power From Low Temperature Heat: HFO-1336mzz(Z) as a Working Fluid for Organic Rankine

Google Search: Chemours Refrigerant White Papers

April 5, 2018 78

Other Guides

April 5, 2018 79

Lubricant Selection Guide

Pressure-Temperature Guides

Piping Guide (410A)

Refrigerants in Chillers Guide

Very Low-Temperature Guide

Leak Detector Guide

Product Bulletins

& More!

Freon.comOpteon.com

Direct Links to Educational Materials – Freon™ & Opteon™

80

All Opteon™ Low GWP Refrigerant Literature(Bulletins, Case Studies, Thermodynamic Properties, etc.)

https://www.chemours.com/Refrigerants/en_US/products/Opteon/Stationary_Refrigeration/literature/index.html

All Freon™ Refrigerant Literature(Bulletins, Case Studies, Thermodynamic Properties, etc.)

https://www.chemours.com/Refrigerants/en_US/products/literature.html

General Replacement Guide: US Refrigerantshttps://www.chemours.com/Refrigerants/en_US/assets/downloads/opteon-freon-general-replacement-guide.pdf

Opteon™ Low GWP Refrigerants Brochurehttps://www.chemours.com/Refrigerants/en_US/products/Opteon/Stationary_Refrigeration/assets/downloads/Opteon-low-gwp-refrigerants.pdf

https://www.chemours.com/Refrigerants/en_US/products/Opteon/Stationary_Refrigeration/literature/index.html

https://www.chemours.com/Refrigerants/en_US/products/literature.html

https://www.chemours.com/Refrigerants/en_US/assets/downloads/opteon-freon-general-replacement-guide.pdf

https://www.chemours.com/Refrigerants/en_US/products/Opteon/Stationary_Refrigeration/assets/downloads/Opteon-low-gwp-refrigerants.pdf

Direct Links to Educational Materials – Digital Tools

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Interactive Guide to Global Refrigerants & Solutions http://www.Chemours.com/RefrigerantGuide

Chemours Refrigerant Expert (CRE) Softwarehttps://www.chemours.com/Refrigerants/en_US/products/DUPREX/DUPREX.html

Chemours Refrigerant Expert (CRE) Software User Guidehttps://www.chemours.com/Refrigerants/en_US/assets/downloads/chemours-refrigerant-expert-tool-user-guidelines.pdf

Chemours P/T Mobile App(Apple & Android)

https://www.chemours.com/Refrigerants/en_US/uses_apps/PT_Calculator_app.html

Washington Post | Part 1Opteon™ Cooling the Planet

http://www.washingtonpost.com/sf/brand-connect/chemours/cooling-the-planet/

Washington Post Series | Part 2Opteon™ Cold Warriors

http://www.washingtonpost.com/sf/brand-connect/chemours/cold-warriors/

http://www.chemours.com/RefrigerantGuide

https://www.chemours.com/Refrigerants/en_US/products/DUPREX/DUPREX.html

https://www.chemours.com/Refrigerants/en_US/assets/downloads/chemours-refrigerant-expert-tool-user-guidelines.pdf

https://www.chemours.com/Refrigerants/en_US/uses_apps/PT_Calculator_app.html

http://www.washingtonpost.com/sf/brand-connect/chemours/cooling-the-planet/

http://www.washingtonpost.com/sf/brand-connect/chemours/cold-warriors/

Direct Links to Educational Materials – HFO/Opteon™ Videos

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What’s An HFO? |Opteon™ XP40 Explainer Video Part 1


Optimized Performance, Safety and Sustainability | Opteon™ XP40 Explainer Video Part 2

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aEkC0y8fwQY&t=30s

HFOs in New Systems & Retrofits |Opteon™ XP40 Explainer Video Part 3

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ThbJKmWW8-w&t=24s

Regulations Webinar (September 2017)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zwlxKkJxgMw&t=101s

Opteon™ Refrigerants: A Little More Love for the Cold Chainhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ld44qNammSQ


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aEkC0y8fwQY&t=30s

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ThbJKmWW8-w&t=24s

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zwlxKkJxgMw&t=101s

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ld44qNammSQ

Direct Links to Educational Materials – Freon™ MO99

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Freon™ MO99 Refrigerant FAQshttps://www.chemours.com/ISCEON/en_US/assets/downloads/freon-mo99-frequently-asked-questions.pdf

Freon™ MO99 Residential Property Case Historyhttps://www.chemours.com/ISCEON/en_US/assets/downloads/Freon-MO99-case-history-florida-apartments.pdf

Freon™ MO99 Commercial Property Case Studyhttps://www.chemours.com/ISCEON/en_US/assets/downloads/Freon-MO99-case-history-hillside-centre.pdf

Freon™ MO99 Donnelly Mechanical Case Studyhttps://www.chemours.com/ISCEON/en_US/assets/downloads/Freon-MO99-case-history-donnelly.pdf

No Oil Change R-22 Replacement Comparisonhttps://www.chemours.com/ISCEON/en_US/assets/downloads/no-oil-change-r22-replacements-for-ac.pdf

General Refrigerant Replacement Guidehttps://www.chemours.com/Refrigerants/en_US/assets/downloads/opteon-freon-general-replacement-guide.pdf

Quick Switch Pocket Retrofit Guidehttps://www.chemours.com/ISCEON/en_US/assets/downloads/Retrofit-R22-to-Freon-MO99-8-Basic-Steps.pdf

Convert to Freon™ MO99 in 8 Basic Steps Video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s0XY5Ls19ZI

Freon™ MO99 Refrigerant Detailed Retrofit Guidelineshttps://www.chemours.com/Refrigerants/en_US/assets/downloads/freon-m099-retrofit-guidelines.pdf

https://www.chemours.com/ISCEON/en_US/assets/downloads/freon-mo99-frequently-asked-questions.pdf

https://www.chemours.com/ISCEON/en_US/assets/downloads/Freon-MO99-case-history-florida-apartments.pdf

https://www.chemours.com/ISCEON/en_US/assets/downloads/Freon-MO99-case-history-hillside-centre.pdf

https://www.chemours.com/ISCEON/en_US/assets/downloads/Freon-MO99-case-history-donnelly.pdf

https://www.chemours.com/ISCEON/en_US/assets/downloads/no-oil-change-r22-replacements-for-ac.pdf

https://www.chemours.com/Refrigerants/en_US/assets/downloads/opteon-freon-general-replacement-guide.pdf

https://www.chemours.com/ISCEON/en_US/assets/downloads/Retrofit-R22-to-Freon-MO99-8-Basic-Steps.pdf

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s0XY5Ls19ZI

https://www.chemours.com/Refrigerants/en_US/assets/downloads/freon-m099-retrofit-guidelines.pdf

Social Media

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April 5, 2018

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HFO Refrigerants & Other Solutions for a Changing Industry · HFO Refrigerants & Other Solutions...

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