Gtz2010 en Worldwide Ecosan Project List (Version 1)

Introduction / disclaimerThis project list is regularly updated by the GTZ ecosan team, but it is never going to be a "perfect" document. Please treat all information with care and double-check any important numbers.The purpose of having this project list is simply to have a rough overview of what is going on with ecosan projects worldwide.Please do send us any additions or corrections about ecosan projects that you know of ([email protected]).

Guidelines for EditorsGeneral Information

- Use British english spelling.- For UDDT, use the phrase 'urine diversion dehydration toilet'

Doc History- Add a new entry as a new column at the end of that country's entry.

- Fill out all cells as completely as possible (see India entries as exemplar)summary 1 - Make a row entry manually in this summary list for every new entry in the project list

Country Average h/h size Assmptions made on UDDT/person by countryAfghanistan 6Armenia 4 Country Persons/UDDTAzerbaijan 5 Mongolia 15Bangladesh 5Belarus 3Bhutan 5 EvM guess - needs checking!Bulgaria 3Burkina Faso 8Cambodia 4 EvM guess - needs checking!China 3

- Before adding a new entry check if a similar entry does not already exist. Please avoid overlapping of projects under different names!- Type of project to add: sustainable sanitation / ecosan projects with reuse of some or all treated waste streams being possible (even if not fully achieved, e.g. UDDTs where urine is infiltrated are included in the list); domestic sanitation; working projects- Do not add: small research projects; industrial wastewater reuse; non-reuse projects

- Clump projects together if relevant: according to type of project (e.g. school, household, emergency sanitation, rural areas, urban areas etc.) that belong to the same implementers or overall programme; or according to work done by a single organisation etc; or if a pilot project is then followed up by up-scaling, merge the pilot project with upscaling project

- Enter information on changes made in the excel sheet and any source of changes (e.g. an email, an article, a telephone conversation).

Detailed project list

Project title: - Should be concise, informative, with the name of the place and if possible, the province/state. - Include type of technology in the title; e.g. instead of 'ecosan toilet', tell the type of toilet, e.g. 'urine diversion dehydration toilet'- If possible, include if school toilet or household toilet and if rural, urban or peri-urban.- Avoid abbreviations in the title (e.g UDDT), except for abbreviations of a project which should be put in brackets after the name of the project written out in full, e.g SWAMP, ROSA etc. - Avoid adding names of organisations in the title since it is a bias against other organisations which have not been mentioned- Mention reuse in a title if there is reuse of greywater or is a decentralised treatment system in which there is reuse. Dont mention reuse in the title if only toilets (e.g. UDDT, composting toilets etc) have been built.- For all SuSanA case studies, the title should be exactly the same as that of the case study.- Make the project title background colour for a new entry green.

Type of project:Explain abit more about the project in relation to the title if possible- what technology, where, reuse or not?City:- Only fill this in if the project is in a city or townAddress:- This is the project location, NOT the address of the supporting organisations.Project period:- This is the start project year (with month if notable) and the end project year.Previous and current phase:- This is details of the previous and current phases, e.g. Split up information about start of planning, start of construction etc.

Project size and # of served inhab.: - If only number of households is known, make an assumption about the average household size from the country list given below and calculate the total number of people served based on this assumption. If a country is not in the list, find out average household size from the internet and add it to the country list below. If the country list has been used to make an assumption, make a note of this assumption in brackets. Also write this assumption in columns G and J of the 'sortable by country' sheet.- Project size includes no. of sanitary installations and number of users.- Convert number of users for public toilets etc. to an average daily number of users. (i.e. not a total for a month or an event etc.)

Type of settlement:- Generally refers to urban area, rural area or peri-urban area, and can be explained further e.g. resort, school, prisonGeneral conditions:Background information about the place, conditions before the project and/or project backgroundWaste streams:- What goes into the sanitary unit? E.g. Blackwater or excreta or is it urine separate from faeces or brown water,etc.Technologies applied:- This is a listing of the different technologies without any details (except perhaps which waste stream they are relevant for)- Do not just write ecosan, write the name of the exact sanitary units and technologies used.Cost:- Cost per sanitary unit is the most useful cost item for people using the database. - Convert local currency to euros or dollars.Technical data and design criteria: - Include important details of the design of the various components of the sanitary units and treatment processesName and date of actual comment:- Fill in name of person who filled in the information or added any updates, their long-term email, date of adding information, and source if relevant (e.g. Email, website, article, conversation etc.)Project title:- Link the project title in this summary list with an equal sign to the project title in the detailed project list, so that any editing done to a project title in the project list changes in this summary list automatically (i.e. Don't type in the project title here manually)

Estimated No. of Users: - These are actual beneficiaries, NOT planned beneficiaries. - Fill in column I about number of users and if information about household size and number of sanitary units is relevant, fill in columns G and H. Link column I with an equal sign to column E.Under comments, write if any assumptions have been used, eg. if household size has been taken from the country list

German TC participation - This includes:GTZ, Kfw, inwent, BGR, CIM, DED

summary 2 for website(summary list uploaded on the website)

- This is linked directly to the 'sortable by country' sheet and only has to be updated before the next uploading to the website.

- The project that have been made into susana case studies have to be linked to the case studies with a hyperlink. A couple of SuSanA case studies are not in this database, e.g. Kalyani, India and Hamburg waterless urinals because Kalyani is a research project and Hamburg doesn't have a reuse element respectively.

Country List (to be used if assumptions are needed about

Denmark 2El Salvador 4Ethiopia 5Georgia 4Germany 2India 5Israel 4Jordan 5Kosovo 7Kyrgyzstan 5Lebanon 4Malawi 5Moldova 3Mozambique 4Namibia 5Nepal 6Netherlands 2Niger 6North Korea 4Palestine 7Peru 5Romania 3South Africa 4Sweden 2Tajikistan 7Tanzania 5Togo 7 EvM guess - needs checking!Uganda 5Ukraine 3Uzbekistan 5Vietnam 4Chad 5Ecuador 6 Paul guess - needs checking!

Assumed average no. of litres consumed per day/person for wastewater by country

Country Average no.of litres/personEgypt (luxury c 150 Guess

EvM guess - needs checking!

Assuming an average number of girls per UDDT =25, 15 UDDTs will be 375 girls, average number of boys per UDDT = 100 making 900. For urinals 60=540 male pupils. 1815 pupils in total.based on UNESCO Kenya standards

This project list is regularly updated by the GTZ ecosan team, but it is never going to be a "perfect" document. Still to doCheck all missing info indicated in red in first row of detailed project list.

The purpose of having this project list is simply to have a rough overview of what is going on with ecosan projects worldwide. Check starting years for all projects, in particular for Bolivia and PeruPlease do send us any additions or corrections about ecosan projects that you know of ([email protected]). Fill the empty cells in the summary sheet (for start years and number of users)

Guidelines for Editors Later:Search for more info for countries without ecosan projects (see list in the other sheet).Rearrange order of projects within country - by starting year!

- Use British english spelling.- For UDDT, use the phrase 'urine diversion dehydration toilet'

- Add a new entry as a new column at the end of that country's entry.

- Fill out all cells as completely as possible (see India entries as exemplar)- Make a row entry manually in this summary list for every new entry in the project list

Assmptions made on UDDT/person by country

Persons/UDDT

- Before adding a new entry check if a similar entry does not already exist. Please avoid overlapping of some or all treated waste streams being possible (even if not fully achieved, e.g. UDDTs where urine is infiltrated are

: small research projects; industrial wastewater reuse; non-reuse projects

- Clump projects together if relevant: according to type of project (e.g. school, household, emergency sanitation, rural areas, urban areas etc.) that belong to the same implementers or overall programme; or according to work done by a single organisation etc; or if a pilot project is then followed up by up-scaling,

- Enter information on changes made in the excel sheet and any source of changes (e.g. an email, an

- Should be concise, informative, with the name of the place and if possible, the province/state. - Include type of technology in the title; e.g. instead of 'ecosan toilet', tell the type of toilet, e.g. 'urine

- If possible, include if school toilet or household toilet and if rural, urban or peri-urban.- Avoid abbreviations in the title (e.g UDDT), except for abbreviations of a project which should be put in brackets after the name of the project written out in full, e.g SWAMP, ROSA etc. - Avoid adding names of organisations in the title since it is a bias against other organisations which

- Mention reuse in a title if there is reuse of greywater or is a decentralised treatment system in which there is reuse. Dont mention reuse in the title if only toilets (e.g. UDDT, composting toilets etc) have

- For all SuSanA case studies, the title should be exactly the same as that of the case study.

Explain abit more about the project in relation to the title if possible- what technology, where, reuse or

- This is details of the previous and current phases, e.g. Split up information about start of planning, start - If only number of households is known, make an assumption about the average household size from the country list given below and calculate the total number of people served based on this assumption. If a country is not in the list, find out average household size from the internet and add it to the country list below. If the country list has been used to make an assumption, make a note of this assumption in brackets. Also write this assumption in columns G and J of the 'sortable by country' sheet.

- Convert number of users for public toilets etc. to an average daily number of users. (i.e. not a total for a

- Generally refers to urban area, rural area or peri-urban area, and can be explained further e.g. resort,

Background information about the place, conditions before the project and/or project background- What goes into the sanitary unit? E.g. Blackwater or excreta or is it urine separate from faeces or - This is a listing of the different technologies without any details (except perhaps which waste stream

- Do not just write ecosan, write the name of the exact sanitary units and technologies used.- Cost per sanitary unit is the most useful cost item for people using the database. - Include important details of the design of the various components of the sanitary units and treatment - Fill in name of person who filled in the information or added any updates, their long-term email, date of adding information, and source if relevant (e.g. Email, website, article, conversation etc.)

- Link the project title in this summary list with an equal sign to the project title in the detailed project list, so that any editing done to a project title in the project list changes in this summary list automatically (i.e. - Fill in column I about number of users and if information about household size and number of sanitary units is relevant, fill in columns G and H. Link column I with an equal sign to column E.Under comments, write if any assumptions have been used, eg. if household size has been taken from - This is linked directly to the 'sortable by country' sheet and only has to be updated before the next

- The project that have been made into susana case studies have to be linked to the case studies with a hyperlink. A couple of SuSanA case studies are not in this database, e.g. Kalyani, India and Hamburg waterless urinals because Kalyani is a research project and Hamburg doesn't have a reuse element

Fill the empty cells in the summary sheet (for start years and number of users)

Search for more info for countries without ecosan projects (see list in the other sheet).

Date Editor Amendments made23/07/2008 E. von Muench Update on Knittlingen (Germany) project)23/07/2008 New project Rwanda Village Concept Project

28/07/2008 E. von Muench Deleted the sheet of new projects28/07/2008 E. von Muench Bolivia habitat project --> still to be worked on

India Bangalore and Calcutta --> still to be worked onOne Zambia project --> still to be worked on

29/07/2008 S. Rüd

29/07/2008 Christian Olt "Ecosan-EU" Burkina Faso inserted08/08/2008 E. von Muench

11/08/2008 A. Miso

11/08/2008 A Miso

12/08/2008 A. Miso12/08/2008 A. Miso12/08/2008 A. Miso

13/08/2008 A. Miso

14/08/2008 A.Miso

14/08/2008 A.Miso

20/08/2008 A.Miso

20/08/2008 A.Miso

20/08/2008 A. Miso

20/08/2008 A.Miso

20/08/2008 A.Miso

20/08/2008 A.Miso

21/08/2008 A.Miso

21/08/2008 A.Miso

21/08/2008 A.Miso

21/08/2008 A.Miso

26/08/2008 A.Miso Added information on China-Sweden Erdos Ecotown Project

E.von Muench with visitors Alexandra Höhne

Ten projects in Germany --> will be worked on by new German work experience student

Combined KfW project Analiza / already existing data sheetDeleted Mask FilterImproved "Seitenansicht

Inserted new sheet called "sortable by country". Now it is easier to see how many projects there are for one country.New Ecosan Pilot Project in Zambia- information from Newsletter 17 dated August 2005.New Workshops: First Introduction to the concept of Ecological Sanitation in Eritrea from Newletter 17 dated August 2005..Ecosan Project in Uganda from Newletter 17 dated August Urine diverting dry toilets project/already existng project data Ecosan Project in Shaanxi Province, China- From Newsletter 17 dated August 2005Three Community Based Sanitation DEWATS units at H, L & A Block, KGF, Roopa Nagar, Mysore and Mahajan Nagar, Nagpur, India -information from the Newsletter 18 dated November 2005.Water Treatment System:greywater treatment from the Mosque in Yemen -information from the Newsletter 18 dated Case study: Ecosan Pilot Projects in Yangzhou and Changzhou, inthe frame of ecocity programmes in China- information from the Newsletter 18 dated November 2005.First ecosan Sanitation Mart in Kerala India- information from the Newsletter 19 dated February 2006Toilet Rehabilitation Project in Sri Lanka- information from the Newsletter 19 dated February 2006Water Reuse of Irrigationand industrial use -USA- information from the Newsletter 19 dated February 2006Puzhehei ecosan project China- information from the Newsletter 19 dated February 2006Waterless sanitation in UNESCO-IHE building Netherlands- information from the Newsletter 20 dated May 2006 and from the existing Ecosan Project Data sheet # 26.Planning and Implementation of Water Supply and Sanitation Infrastructure at the Lumad Infirmary Hospital Balit-Philippines-information from the Newsletter 20 dated May 2006 Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Program-information from the Newsletter 20 dated May 2006Ecological master plan in Accra Ghana--just added some information such as contact and some publication- information from Newsletter 21 dated August 2006MEDWA Project in Jordan- information from Newsletter 22 dated November 2006China-Sweden Erdos Ecotown Project in China -information from Newsletter 22 dated November 2006

27/08/2008 A.Miso

27/08/2008 A.Miso

27/08/2008 A.Miso

27/08/2008 A.Miso

27/08/2008 A.Miso

27/08/2008 A.Miso

27/08/2008 A.Miso

28/08/2008 A.Miso

28/08/2008 A.Miso

28/08/2008 A.Miso

28/08/2008 A.Miso

29/08/2008 A.Miso

29/08/2008 A.Miso

29/08/2008 A.Miso

29/08/2008 A.Miso

29/08/2008 A.Miso

29/08/2008 A.Miso

29/08/2008 A.Miso

8/29/2008 A.Miso

8/29/2008 A. Miso

9/2/2008 A.Miso

9/2/2008 A.Miso

9/2/2008 A.Miso UDDT toilets in Nyamagable Secondary School-Rwanda9/2/2008 A.Miso UDD toilet at Kigeme Hospital-Rwanda9/2/2008 A.Miso UDD toilet for household in Bulera district- Rwanda9/2/2009 A.Miso Public UDDT in Bulera District- Rwanda

9/23/2008 E. von Münch

10/7/2008 Prahlad Lamichane Updates project in Bulgaria (Stara Zaragosa)10/9/2008 E. von Münch Insert new project in Marocco (Souss Massa Park)

10/16/2008 G.Z.Ahabwe Pdimu Landing Site Ecosan Project: A case Study10/16/2007 G.Z.Ahabwe

Developing a Model for Sustainable Water and waste Management for rural areas in Bulgaria-Information from Newsletter 23 dated February 2007Safe Drinking Water in Ukraine- information from Newletter 23 dated February 2007A Decentralized Sustainable Wastewater Managementin Kyrgyzstan.- information from Newsletter 23 dated February Working Group "Development of new sanitation systems" (ONSS)" promotes urine diversion in the Netherlands-from Newsltter 23 dated February 2007Ecosan for school in Hayanist: Tapping Resources – use the strength of women for sustainable development- information from Newsletter 23 dated February 2007Developing community-led water and sanitation initiatives in three cities in Malawi-information from Newsletter 23 dated Arborloos for 10,000 Households i nEthiopia-information from Newsletter 23 dated February 2007Ecosan Training for Masons in Bihar India-information from Newslette 24 dated May 2007Compost toilets for State of Karnataka India-just added some information from the Newsletter 24 dated May 2007Launched of ecosan during Film Festival Burkina Faso (mobile diverting toilet)-information from Newsletter 24 dated May 2007Dairy Wastewater as a resource Germany- information from Newsletter 25 date August 2007Ecosan training of trainers.-course for NGO-information from Newsletter 25 dated August 2007UDDTs at tourist camp Khovsgol Inn Khatgal Mongolia-information from Newsletter 25 dated August 2007Toilet Beauty Contest India- information from newsletter 25 dated August 2007Ecosan Course in Banda Aceh India- information from newsletter 25 dated August 2007Greywater Reuse in Tanoura Lebanon-nformation from newsletter 25 dated August 2007Ecosan Project for College- information from Newsletter 26 dated November 2007Ecosan contributing to the protection of El Tule Lagoon Mexico-information from Newsletter 26 dated November 2007Alternative Urban Water Management Concept-Germany- information from Newsletter 28 dated June 2008Zero-waste toilets-India -information from Newsletter 28 dated June 2008Remote monitored high-tech recycling system with potential for remote, sparsely settled areas with water deficit problems-information from Newsletter 28 dated June 2008Ecosan in Champapur and Kirtipur-information from Newsletter 28 dated June 2008

Quick update on the Valley View University project (Ghana) after conversation with Mr Geller. Still awaiting cost info.

Dry toilets, constructed wetland, water supply for Kalungu Girls Secondary School.

10/17/2008 G.Z.Ahabwe

11/3/2008 G.Z.Ahabwe11/20/2008 A. Schöpe Namibia, CuveWates in Northern Namibia12/17/2008 E. von Münch

1/20/2009 L.Mndewa ROSA project in Arusha, Tanzania1/21/2009 L.Mndewa ROSA project in Kitgum, Uganda1/22/2009 L.Mndewa ROSA project in Nakuru, Kenya1/23/2009 L.Mndewa ROSA project in ArbaMinch, Ethiopia1/24/2009 L.Mndewa

1/25/2009 L.Mndewa

2/11/2009 Christian Olt Reformatted2/16/2009 Lukas Ulrich

2/20/2009 Annika Schöpe Added new column: "Available on SuSanA as case study"2/23/2009 E. v. Münch Deleted some projects which had hardly any info.2/26/2009 Joyce Ekuful

2/26/2009 Joyce Ekuful2/26/2009 Joyce Ekuful

3/5/2009 Joyce Ekuful3/5/2009 Joyce Ekuful

3/5/2009 Joyce Ekuful

3/5/2009 Joyce Ekuful Inserted Improved traditional Ladakhi toilet project in Leh-India3/6/2009 Joyce Ekuful

3/6/2009 Joyce Ekuful Inserted Madha Housing Society project. Maharashtra-India3/6/2009 Joyce Ekuful


3/6/2009 Joyce Ekuful3/9/2009 Joyce Ekuful3/9/2009 Joyce Ekuful

3/9/2009 Joyce Ekuful Inserted urine diversion project, Sofala Province-Mozambique3/9/2009 Joyce Ekuful Inserted Ecosan school toilet project, Garla Mare-Romania3/9/2009 Joyce Ekuful





Improvement of Sanitation infrastructure with ecosan elementsin Kanawat Health Centre in Kotido district-UgandaSustainable sanitation pilot and demonstrations UDDT projects in Mindanao, Phillipines

Discovered that Gerald did not fill the info for the ROSA projects properly. This is yet to be done (http://rosa.boku.ac.at/). We have the latest ppt files in DMS from Sept 08.

Edited the report tittled; Facilitation of Ecological Sanitation in Hai District Kilimanjaro region, TanzaniaEdited the report tittled; Piloting Ecological Sanitation Majumbasita Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania

Updates on Khuvsgul Project, MongoliaNew column for year of project start in "sortable by country". This is for the purpose of Indicator 1 monitoring: now the projects started after a certain year can be counted easily.

Inserted Vacuum toilets and sanitationproject at Tsinghua University, Beijing-ChinaInserted Olympic forest park reuse concept project, Beijing-Inserted the 3 implemtation of wastewater reuse after reed Inserted the humification of sewage sludge project in El Minia- Inserted Waterless urinals in public toilets project in Hamburg- GermanyInserted co-composting of faecal sludge and solid waste project in Kumasi-Ghana

Inserted Shree Baleshwar Anudanit Primary and Secondary, Ashram School project. Maharastra-India

Inserted wastewater and organic waste management project at Colegio Christoferus, Lima, Peru.Inserted ecosan within the community based natural resources management project in Hanahai & Paje-BotswanaInserted Urine diverting dry toilets project in Guanxi province-Inserted wastewater reuse in Kolkata east wetlands, Kolkata-Inserted compost and biogas plants for small scale farmers projectz in Kenya

Inserted Integrated water and sewage management in Oasis cities in the scope of TZ-Programmes " Integrated water management" project in AlgeriaInserted Preparation and marketing of soil from sewage sludge. Public Private partnership (PPP) Project- AlgeriaInserted Ecosan pilot project in the TZ Projects "Low cost Housing" - Ethiopia.Inserted developing a local production from urine sepreation toilets and management models for dry toliets in multi-storey buildings- PPP project. Ethiopia Inserted development from Ecosan concept for buidling from 15 Universities in GTZ IS Projects "University Capacity Building Project"-Ethiopia.



3/10/2009 E. von Muench













3/12/2009 Joyce Ekuful Inserted EU-Water facility application devolution Trust Fund3/12/2009 Joyce Ekuful


3/12/2009 Joyce Ekuful3/12/2009 Joyce Ekuful ecosan public toilet centre - Dhapoli. India3/12/2009 Joyce Ekuful

4/15/2009 Philipp Feiereisen Demonstration ecosan project in Adama Ethiopia4/16/2009 Philipp Feiereisen

4/17/2009 Philipp Feiereisen Ecosan project in Darechowk in Nepal4/17/2009 Philipp Feiereisen4/20/2009 Philipp Feiereisen GTZ ecosan pilot projects in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia4/27/2009 Philipp Feiereisen Project KOMPLETT Kaiserslautern, Germany5/11/2009 Christian Olt Updated classification of projects (colours).5/18/2009 Philipp Feiereisen

5/18/2009 Philipp Feiereisen


5/18/2009 Philipp Feiereisen5/18/2009 Philipp Feiereisen

Inserted Implementation of ecosan concept in the TZ projects " Rural Water supply"- BeninInserted Ecosan concept in rural water supply in Cooperation Project (CP) of EU and TZ. BeninInserted ecosan project in Mali where the information was provided by Ellen Gunsilius (GTZ)Inserted ecosan concept as part of the waste and wastewater management "missing link" project. BotswanaInserted ecosan in peri-urban areas of Ouagadougou in TZ programme "KV-Drinking Water and Sanitation Programme in small and midium towns". Burkina FasoInserted Biogas feasibility studies "Biogas for a better life" in cooperation with SNV. Burkina FasoInserted ecosan pilot project at the Easter Island in cooperation with WASTE/NL. ChileInserted Decentralised wastewater treatment in cooperation with CIM Tong Boitin. Specialist for bioenergy of CIB- Inserted Ecosan and Biogas-spread through the Institute of Energy and Environment CAAE/IEEP with CIM Heinz-Peter Inserted Ecosan in Schools project in cooperation with WTO and CAAE/IEEP with CIM-ChinaInserted Building an Institute for sustainable sanitation provision project at the University of Beijing with CIM. ChinaInserted Closing-the Loop oriented concept for public toilet project in Olympic park Beijing with CIM Heinz Peter Mang, L iZifu and Jörn Germer. ChinaInserted Ecosan concept in TZ Projects for decentralised rural development and HIV/AIDS control and Orphan-care. LesothoInserted the project Spread of Ecosan and biogas through the NGO "Technology for Economic Development (TED) with CIM Andreas Scmidt, advisor for decentralised water supply. LesothoInserted Wastewater management and recovery in TZ Projects "Water supply and sewage disposal in Ramallah/Al Bireh".

Inserted PPP Provision of wastewater treatment plant and sludge conversion into soil as model project for middle-level communties in cooperation with IPP-Consultant. SyriaInserted EU-Sanitation project network for Africa 2005 NETSSAF- AfricaInserted ecosan capacity building project over Asia for ECO.

Inserted Ecosan project with UTTHAN people's learning centre WATSAN - India

Update on Source separating sanitation in Olympic Forest Park, Beijing, China

UDD school toilets as part of GTZ programme disease control,

Community−led Water and Ecosan Programme in Shaanxi Province, ChinaUpdate on Rural community and school UDD toilets in Misamis Oriental - Libertad, Initao and Manticao, PhilippinesUpdate: Pilot Project "ACTS eco-friendly public toilet centre, Rajendra Nagar, Bangalore"Update: Private urine diversion dehydration toilets in peri-Update: Automated composting toilet system at Asahiyama

5/18/2009 Philipp Feiereisen Update: Improved traditional Ladakhi composting toilet5/18/2009 Philipp Feiereisen Update: Ecosan pilot installations5/18/2009 Philipp Feiereisen

5/18/2009 Philipp Feiereisen5/19/2009 Philipp Feiereisen Update: Gebers collective housing project5/19/2009 Philipp Feiereisen Update: Dry urine diverting school toilets5/19/2009 Philipp Feiereisen


5/19/2009 Philipp Feiereisen5/19/2009 Philipp Feiereisen5/19/2009 Philipp Feiereisen Update: Ecological Settlement in Allermöhe, Hamburg5/19/2009 Philipp Feiereisen5/19/2009 Philipp Feiereisen5/19/2009 Philipp Feiereisen


5/19/2009 Philipp Feiereisen Update: UDD toilets for a Girls Secondary School, Kalungu15 June 09 E. von Muench

29 June 09 E. von Muench

30 June 09 E. von Muench

09 July 09 René Schweizer



10 July 09 René Schweizer Update:Kiel-Hassee13 July 09 René Schweizer

13 July 09 René Schweizer Development area Walldorf- south


13 July 2009 Christian Olt

15 July 09 René Schweizer Darmstadt Hauptbahnhof Westgalerie


22 July 09 E. von Muench

29 July 09 Martina Winker Update: "UrinPur" pilot project8/12/2009 Isabelle Kunze

8/12/2009 Isabelle Kunze8/13/2009 Isabelle Kunze

8/13/2009 Isabelle Kunze


Update: Urine diversion toilet programme in a rural resettlement area Sofala Province,MozambiqueUpdate: Compost and biogas plants for small scale farmers -

Urine-diverting vacuum sanitation systemt at Tsinghua University (SIEEB) Beijing ChinaUpdate: Decentralized Wastewater Mgmt at Adarsh College in Badalapur, MaharashtraUpdate: UDD toilets with reuse in allotment gardens, Cagayan Update: Urine diverting dehydration toilets in school, Hayanist,

Update: Urban urine diversion & greywater treatment system, Update: Blackwater and greywater reuse system, Chorrillos, Update: Effluent reuse from constructed wetland system, Haran Al-Awamied, SyriaUpdate: Co-composting faecal sludge & organic solid waste, Kumasi, Ghana

Inserted new sheet: sortable by country (2), this will be used for website (as pdf file).Inserted new Sweden project (from Dena Fam) - Elkanlandstad School; deleted a double-entry for Gebers Inserted new project in Australia: Maryborough Highschool UDDT (by Dena Fam)Update:Zero Emission Concept for water and wastewater management, Project RügenUpdate:Burg Lenzen' Sustainable Water Management and Wastewater Purification in Tourism FacilitiesUpdate: 'Elbterassen Wussegel' Sustainable Water Management and Wastewater Purification in Tourism Facilities

Development of a residential area with public services/facilities; "Rodensee 11", Erzhausen Community.

Conversion of the former Michael Mcnair Barracks to a residential area, Frankfurt a.M.Alignment with Sören's list "ecosan Maßnahmen in der deutschen EZ", April 2008

Update:Separate derivate and treatment of urine, faeces and wastewater (in the framework of SCST); Separate Ableitung und Behandlung von Urin, Fäkalien und Grauwasser.Inserted new project in Australia (from Dena Fam) - Currumbin eco-village in Queensland, Australia

Updated: Urine-Diversion Dehydration Toilet Centres at Navsarjan Boarding Schools in Gujarat StateUpdated: ACTS Eco-friendly Public Toilet Centre, Bangalore, Updated and changed: Watershed Organisation Trust (WOTR) Darewadi Training Centre, Maharashtra StateUpdated: Ecosan prefeasibility study 'International Centre of Ecological Engineering at the University of Kalyani, West Updated: Compost toilets for Tsunami hit coastal village, Tamil

8/18/2009 Nadira Khawaja Update Ecuador Chordeleg from email of Jenny to Heinz Peter8/19/2009 Nadira Khawaja



8/24/2009 E. von Muench Deleted ecosan course in Indonesia8/24/2009 Nadira Khawaja

8/24/2009 Nadira Khawaja


8/25/2009 Nadira Khawaja8/25/2009 Isabelle Kunze




8/25/2009 Isabelle Kunze Added: Orissa ecosan project, Orissa state8/25/2009 Isabelle Kunze

8/25/2009 Isabelle Kunze Added: Piloting ecosan, Nagaland8/25/2009 Isabelle Kunze Added: Piloting ecological sanitation, West Bengal8/25/2009 Isabelle Kunze Added: Piloting the sustainability of ecosan toilets, Delhi 8/26/2009 Nadira Khawaja





9/1/2009 Isabelle Kunze Deleted: Public Toilet Centre Sanand (project idea)9/1/2009 Isabelle Kunze

9/2/2009 Isabelle Kunze Deleted: Ecosan training course9/2/2009 Isabelle Kunze





Inserted Pakistan Machaki Village Wetland Project from article on the webUpdated: Ecosan school toilets for Tsunami-hit village, Tamil Added: Experimentation on utilization of human urine as fertilizer, Nashik, MaharashtraAdded: Utilization of human urine as liquid fertilizer for banana cultivation, Trichy, Tamil Nadu

Inserted agricultural research project in Nepal from ENPHO Monthly Bulletin May 2009Inserted individual ecofarming enterprise initiative in Nepal from WHO newsletter May 2009Inserted intial entries for new projects in Ukraine, Moldova, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan from email and map attachment of Dr. Claudia Wendland to Elisabeth (16.06.09). But no information yet.Inserted entry of Chiefdom Pejeh, Sierra Leone from WTN Added: Utilization of anthropogenic wastes for agriculture, Bangalore, KarnatakaAdded: IIT Zerodor - Waterless Urinal Odour Prevention Trap, Added: Development of ecosan pans for decentralized production of entrepreneurship development, Bhopal, Madya Added: Construction of eco- friendly sanitary latrines and roof area rain water conservation system, Ranchi, JharkhandAdded: Ensuring human rights through ecosan for the rural poor, Chennai, Tamil Nadu

Added: Piloting low cost ecosan model in drought prone water scarcity area of Dindigul district, Tamil Nadu

Inserted initial entry on three projects in Bangladesh by BARD from email of Dr Choudhury to Elisabeth (30.06.09)Inserted ecosan trial and demo project in Indonesia as part of Phd dissertation of A. MalisieInserted Hamburg Jenfeld project from article in Korrespondenz Abwasser, AbfallUpdated Kaiserlautern research project from presentation slides of H. KnerrInserted Sanbox project from website and article, research project in planning phase

Updated: Compost Toilets for Karnataka state; significantly changed, new title: Total Sanitation Campaign, Mysore,

Deleted: Ecosan Prefeasibility Study "ACTS Rayasandra Campus for Higher Education", has never really taken place (according to Martin Wafler)Deleted: Prefeasibility Study "Virar Science Garden"; has not being implementedUpdated Sierra Leone projects and added new school and market place projects in Sierra Leone and Kenya clinic toilet project from email exchange with D. CroswellerInserted Afghanistan projects of Katachel e.V. after telephonic exchange with S. SchnehageUodated: Prefeasibility Study 'Pandharpur', significantly changed, new title: Sustainale sanitation infrastructure project 'Pandharpur', Maharashtra


9/3/2009 Isabelle Kunze Updated: Report on ecosan pilot projects in India9/3/2009 Isabelle Kunze


9/7/2009 Marc Spiekerman Updated and checked entries of Algeria9/8/2009 Isabelle Kunze Added: UDDT toilets in Nagasandra village, Karnataka 9/8/2009 Isabelle Kunze

9/9/2009 Isabelle Kunze Updated: Zero-waste toilets, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh9/9/2009 Christina Braum Updated Low cost ecosan approach, Malawi


9/10/2009 Christina Braum

9/10/2009 Katrin Compiled entry on Bolivia La nina emergency project9/10/2009 Nadira Khawaja Inserted Tajikistan household ecosan, Sugh region9/10/2009 Isabelle Kunze


9/10/2009 Isabelle Kunze Updated: Navsarjan Trust Vocational Training DSK, Gujarat9/11/2009 Isabelle Kunze Deleted: Wastewater reuse in Kolkata east wetlands9/11/2009 Isabelle Kunze Deleted: Ecosan capacity building project over Asia for ECO9/11/2009 Isabelle Kunze Deleted: Ecosan public toilet centre - Dhapoli9/11/2009 Isabelle Kunze


9/11/2009 Alemayehu Asrat





9/15/2009 Nadira Khawaja9/15/2009 Christina Braum Updated Community sanitation system "MCK plus ++"9/15/2009 Isabelle Kunze






updated: BORDA CBS units at Ullalu Upanagara using DEWATS; new title: BORDA community based sanitation project, Ullalu Upanagara, Bangalore

Updated: Musiri ecosan pilot project; new title: Community Compost Toilets (ECCT), Musiri, Tamil NaduInserted ecosan toilet project in Herat, Afganistan from article by Bregnhog comparing experiences in ecosan

Updated: Decentralised wastewater management at Adarsh College, Badlapur, Maharastra

Inserted completed entries filled in and emailed by Dr. Chowduhry of BARDInserted Decentralised Wastewater Management in Kafr El Sheikh Governorate

Updated: Sanitation project at Madha Housing Society, Badlapur, MaharastraUpdated: Shree Baleshwar Anudanit Primary and Secondary Ashram School, Sarole Pathar, Maharashtra

Updated: Improved trad. Ladakhi composting toilets, Leh, Kashmir and JammuUpdated and significantly changed: Utthan awareness programm for ecological sanitation, GujaratAdded: Water, sanitation and hygiene education, working with local partners on comunity managed projects, EthiopiaAdded: Biogas generation from Human Excreta: A multi-dimensional Sanitation approach, EthiopiaInserted Uganda project on ecosan uptake in Kabale, from presentation at Dry Toilet Conference Inserted Bangladesh emergeny project from presentation at Dry Toilet ConferenceUpdated mobile toilet project in Burkina Faso from presentation at Dry Toilet Conference 2009 Inserted ZASP Zambia from presentation at Dry Toilet

Updated: First ecosan sanitation mart; new title: India's first eco-sanitary mart, KeralaDeleted: Three Community Based Sanitation DEWATS units at H, L & A Block, KGF, Roopa Nagar, Mysore and Mahajan Nagar, Nagpur (very little information, location of projects unclear)Deleted: Ecosan training for masons, Bihar (no information Added: Sendriya Shouchalaya - UDDT experience from Kuran village, MaharashtraInserted dry toilet entry of national park UK from presentation at DTC 2009Colour changed Implementation of ecosan concept in the TZ projects " Rural Water supply"- BeninColour changed Ecosan concept in rural water supply in Cooperation Project (CP) of EU and TZ- Benin



9/16/2009 Christina Braum9/16/2009 Christina Braum






9/16/2009 Christina Braum Colour changed Use of reclaimed water in the Jordan Valley9/16/2009 Christina Braum



9/17/2009 Nadira Khawaja9/17/2009 Nadira Khawaja



9/21/2009 Nadira Khawaja Added hyperlinks to susana case studies9/22/2009 Alemayehu Asrat Filled in entry for NETSSAF - West Africa9/22/2009 Nadira Khawaja


9/24/2009 Alemayehu Asrat10/6/2009 Alemayehu Asrat



10/7/2009 Alemayehu Asrat Updated: Ecosan-EU project, Burkina Faso10/20/2009 Alemayehu Asrat

Updated and colour changed Ecosan in peri-urban areas of Ouagadougou in TZ programme "KV-Drinking Water and Sanitation Programme in small and medium towns"Colour changed Urine diversion sanitation in Olympic Forest Park BeijingColour changed Urine diverting dry toilets project in Kunming Updated and colour changed Case study: Ecosan Pilot Projects in Yangzhou and Changzhou, in the frame of ecocity Updated and colour changed Puzhehei ecosan project Can not find any information Decentralised wastewater treatment in cooperation with CIM Tong Boitin. Specialist for bioenergy of CIB- Chengdu-WenjiangCan not find any information Ecosan in Schools in cooperation with WTO and CAAE/IEEP with CIMColour changed Adapted Wastewater Disposal in the Governorate of Kafr El Sheikh, EgyptInserted Decentralised Wastewater Management in Kafr El Sheikh GovernorateColour changed Ecological development of Valley View University, Ghana

Updated and colour changed Resource-Oriented Sanitation concepts for peri-urban areas in Africa (ROSA); Implemented in Nakuru municipality in KenyaUpdated and colour changed EU-GTZ-SIDA EcoSan Updated and colour changed Compost and biogas plants for small scale farmers - KenyaCan not find any information Ecosan concept in TZ Projects for decentralised rural development and HIV/AIDS control and Orphan-careInserted biotoilet Kizhi Island Russia, from presentatin at DTC Added information to earlier entry (from C. Wendland's email.) of kazakhstan nature reserve sanitation project from presentation at DTC 2009 Added information to earlier entry (from C. Wendland's email.) of school toilets in Tajikistan from email of J. Ulmasov.Reviewed all projects having > 10,000 beneficiaries. Found discrepancies, questionable assumptions for Ghana, Egypt, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda. (made comments for these in red and removed number of users for the moment- need to be

Updated list: deleted projects with little info, or education only projects. Shifted incomplete or questionable projects to new sheet 'possible projects'. Filled in Lesotho entries of dewats for household, institutions and tourism facilities respectivelyAdded: Safe sanitation, health and Dignity in three provinces - Updated: Developing local production of urine separation toilets and management models for dry toilets in multi-storey Self uptake of ecological sanitation toilets by households in Kabale municipality district, Uganda: Case study Updated: Provision of sustainable sanitation services to peri-urban and rural communities: Double-vault urine diversion toilet in the peri-urban areas of the eThekwini muncipality, South AfricaInserted from Dry toilet Conference 2009: Social marketing approach to scale-up sanitation and hygiene in urban slums of Kawempe division, Kampala, Uganda








10/28/2009 Alemayehu Asrat10/29/2009 Nadira Khawaja


11/9/2009 Alemayehu Asrat Updated: CRS/Ethiopia Arborloos for village households11/9/2009 Alemayehu Asrat

11/9/2009 Alemayehu Asrat Updated: Cummunal Services in Gibeon, Namibia11/11/2009 Nadira Khawaja

11/13/2009 Laura Simon11/13/2009 Laura Simon

11/13/2009 Nadira Khawaja Completed editing, review and update of all India entries




11/15/2009 Philipp Feiereisen Update: Puzhehei ecosan project SwissRe, Yunnan Province11/20/2009 Nadira Khawaja


1/4/2010 Laura Simon Inserted Datcha ECOSAN Latrine Project, Togo1/4/2010 Laura Simon

1/4/2010 Laura Simon


Inserted from Dry toilet conference 2009:SAPH-Partnership with the agro industry: Ecosan in four villages: Katiola, Dabou, Sikensi and Bingerville in Cote d'IvoireInserted from Dry toilet conference 2009: Productive Sanitation - Innovative technology and sensitization in Aguie in NigerInserted from Dry toilet conference 2009: Ecosan_UE II Kourittenga - scaling up produtive sanitation in Burkina FasoInserted from dry toilet conference 2009: Performance of onsite wastewater treatment systems, a case study in rural Finland, Nurmijärvi municipality/FinlandInserted from dry toilet conference 2009: Dry sanitation project, Msunduza in SwazilandInserted from dry toilet conference 2009: Acceptability of dry toilet: case study of nomadic community in Malinyi/TanzaniaInserted from Dry toilet confeence 2009: UDDT at Khaimba primary school in Butere/KenyaCLTS in Cambodia, Kampong Cham and Siem Inserted 5 new projects in India by P. Thakur from ESF (Mahabalipurum; Khidkali & Desai, Thane; Kuteer Resort, Pune; Oasis Resort, Pune; Thergaon Village) and 3 updated projects (Madha Housing Society, Badlapur; Ashram School, Sarole Pathar; Adarsh College, Badlapur)Upgrade: Ecosan concept as part of waste and wastemangement "missing link" Project in Botswana

Updated: Ecosan in Schools in cooperation with WTO and CAAE/IEEP with CIM, China

Deleted India WOTR school sanitation project since toilets only linked to septic tank and soakage pitsInserted entry of Israel wetland from article in Water 21 Inserted entry of Bolivia from data given by A. Kanzler and article link (not yet added in summary list, need to check overlap with subregional Andean project

Eawag No Mix toilet entry updated from research article by P. Duplicate entry of SCST Germany project removed from summary list. No. Of users changed from email sent to E.v Information included about SCOPE toilets under household, school and ECCT titles (i.e. updated single project entries to multiple projects since Scope has expanded activities in many areas) from email communication with M. Subburaman.India Rajendra Slum project updated and Kalyani research project shifted to basket (since only collecting urine from urinals for research), after email from J. Heebs and A. Panesar.Deleted Germany Novatech Wolpertshausen project since only use manure and biowasteFinalised project list for next updated version after deleting and moving some projects

Inserted Rural Village Water Resources Management Project (RVWRMP) at NepalInserted Decentralized Wastewater Treatment System (Biogas) at North Korea, Yontan CountyUpdate: Peri-urban diversion dehydration toilets (abandoned), Koulikoro, Mali



1/6/2010 Laura Simon1/6/2010 Laura Simon

1/6/2010 Laura Simon Inserted: Ecological farming at Nepal19-Jan Laura Simon Inserted: UDDTs for households in San Pedro, Bolivia19-Jan Laura Simon Inserted: UDDTS for households in Oruro town, Bolivia19-Jan Laura Simon Inserted: UDDTs for households at Beni, Bolivia19-Jan Laura Simon

19-Jan Laura Simon

19-Jan Laura Simon

19-Jan Laura Simon Inserted: UDDTs for households in poor rural areas, Bolivia19-Jan Laura Simon Inserted: Emergency project Trinidad, Bolivia19-Jan Laura Simon Inserted: PPP Project Rotaria de Peru SAC, Peru19-Jan Laura Simon

19-Jan Laura Simon

19-Jan Laura Simon

19-Jan Laura Simon Inserted: Emergency project after earthquake, Peru19-Jan Laura Simon

19-Jan Laura Simon

19-Jan Laura Simon

19-Jan Laura Simon

19-Jan Laura Simon

19-Jan Laura Simon

19-Jan Laura Simon

19-Jan Laura Simon

19-Jan Laura Simon

19-Jan Laura Simon UDDTs at a huge area in Surite near by Cusco, Peru2/14/2010 Nadira Khawaja





Inserted: Ecological Sanitation programme at Dakar and Thiès, SenegalInserted: Urine Harvesting and Utilization for Cultivation of Selected Crops: Trials from Ibadan, South West NigeriaInserted: Ecological emptiable family latrines in refugee Inserted: Social representation of hygiene and excretes disposal- introduction of Ecological dry toilet

Inserted: UDDTs for households at La Paz: More health for better education, BoliviaInserted: UDDTs in a school in Chuquisaca: More health for better education, BoliviaInserted: UDDTs for households at a peri-urban area in Cochabamba, Bolivia

Inserted: Caritas- UDDT project for healthy families in rural villages in the rainforest, PeruInserted: Demonstration UDDT Project of the NGO Cenca in Nieveria, a peri-urban region of Lima, PeruInserted: Emergency project after the earthquake. UDDTs in Cañete build by Care, Peru

Inserted: UDDT Project in a squatter Settlement "Nueva Pachacutec" at Lima, PeruInserted: UDDTs as an improvement for families in poor urban zones, squatter Settlements at Lima, PeruInserted: UDDTs as an improvement for poor periurban zones in Ica, PeruInserted: UDDTs as an improvement for the house and health- conditions at the Rainforest, PeruInserted: UDDTs as an improvement for rural villages in the mountains of the Huallanca district in the Ancash region, PeruInserted: UDDTS as an improvement for the sanitation and health conditions at the district of Huanta, PeruInserted: UDDT as an improvement for the sanitation conditions at the Sechura desert, PeruUDDT as an improvement for the sanitation conditions at the pisco region- Upgrading of the rural zones. PeruUDDTs for better living conditions in the Lalaquiz district, Project for an sustainable development in the rural areas of

Inserted entry of village public UDDTs, Uruzgan, Afghanistan, from personal visit to ADA in Uruzgan.Inserted entry on village household toilets as part of UNICEF Clean village project in Ghor and Herat, Afghanistan, from progress report of VWO and information from visit to VWO by Eng. N. Noori (GTZ-Rodeco).Inserted entry on Sulabh public toilets in Kabul, Afghanistan from web article and visit to Kabul municipalityDeleted (shifted to Just for Info): Stadlpura, Austria. Klug Veitl, Austria. Fischerhof, Austria. Shifted to 'Follow up': SUSSAN, Austria. Merged pilot phase and expansion phase entries of hh UDDTs, Comilla, Bangladesh into one entry


2/17/2010 Enno Schroeder





















3/1/2010 Marthe Roestel Insertet: information about the Emscherquellhof3/3/2010 Nadira Khawaja Added information to Dubai project from SuSanA case study3/3/2010 Nadira Khawaja3/3/2010 Nadira Khawaja


Bolivia: Merged Sumaj Huasi hh UDDT entries for Oruro and Beni Departments. Inserted Kinglake Australia entry from email of Dena Fam to E.v MuenchBolivia: overlap sorted out based on information clarification from M. Winker- UNICEF Proandes project was separate from the smaller projects of local NGOs. Last entry done by L. Simone from summary of Kanzler report deleted because it combined data from both the proandes project and local NGO projects.Bolivia: Deleted one of two entries on emergency project in Trinidad city since same projectBurkina Faso, decreased portable toilet number from 35000 to 2000 to approx daily averageColombia project removed from summary list but left in project list. Need to find out more.Deleted (shifted to Just for Info): Finland, case study of on-site wastewater treatment systems because mostly septic tanks and no mention of reuseDeleted (shifted to Just for Info): Emergency project, Pisco, Peru since it says they are not working anymoreDeleted (shifted to Just for Info): Ibadan trial project, Nigeria because agricultural research projectDeleted (shifted to Just for Info): research project nepal because project about agricultural trialsUpdated Botswana Hanahai and Paje Village entry from SuSanA case studyAdded information to Lambertsmuehle, Germany project from GTZ datasheetAdded information to Waldmichelbacherhof, Germany project from GTZ datasheetAdded information to Freiburg-Vauban, Germany from listed Koetse documentAdded information to Oeko technik park Hannover, Germany project from GTZ datasheetDeleted entry on remote-monitored, water deficit area project, Germany because it is the Komplett project which is same as the Kaiserlautern Germany entry.Added information to Hotel Arabella Sheraton Offenbach, Germany project from GTZ datasheetAdded information to zoo toilets, Japan project from GTZ Added information to Jordan Valley, Japan project from SuSanA case studyInserted information on Ugunja District, Kenya project from SuSanA case studyAdded information to TepozEco, Mexico project from GTZ Added information to the Green Roof Project, Netherlands from Switch report on internetAdded information to school project, Rwanda from SuSanA Added information to Kalungu and Kanawat case studies, Uganda from SuSanA case studiesRemove no of users from summary list of SWTWS Uganda project since not clear in entry

Added information to Gozhuli Ukraine project from GTZ Deleted entry of Thailand entitled vertical flow constructed wetland in Bangkok because information below was mostly about Tanzania project and the rest info was same as AIT Thailand project entryDeleted (shifted to just for info): Decentralised WW treatment at AIT, Thailand bc just research on a CW





3/6/2010 Nadira Khawaja Completed review and editing of database3/9/2010 Enno Schroeder


3/9/2010 Enno Schroeder3/9/2010 Enno Schroeder








3/9/2010 Marthe Roestel

3/22/2010 Cleaning up; making pdf file for website.6/23/2010 Christian Rieck Final entry for EU-Sida-GTZ EcoSan Promotion Project, Kenya7/20/2010 Updates made to 4 Egypt projects7/20/2010

7/20/2010

8/11/2010 Paul Okan-Adjetey

9/15/2010 Paul Okan-Adjetey Updated Cambodia project by Plan (in Kampong Cham)9/20/2010 Stefanie Holzwarth Inserted 1 new project in Ecuador9/21/2010 Paul Okan-Adjetey


Inserted and corrected information of Egypt sewage sludge reuse project from GTZ datasheetInserted WECF supported projects from email of M. Samwel on 01.03.10. Merged some entries with existing entries (because some information was updates or extension of existing entries)Reduced number of users for Nepal Biogas Programme because on 70% of biogas plants connected to toilets instead Deleted project of Champapur, Kirtipur in Nepal since an ENPHO project, which are already included in the entry on Kathmandu Valley projects

Modified: Kitgum Town Water Supply Expansion and Basic Sanitation ProgrammeModified: Resource-Orientated Sanitation Concepts for Peri-urban Areas in Eastern Africa (ROSA), Kitgum Town CouncilDeleted: Improvement of sanitation at Kanawat health center, Deleted: Urine diversion dehydration toilets at a rural secondary school, KalunguDeleted: Urine diversion dehydration toilets at Maracha Hospital, MarachaInserted the following which replaces the deleted projects: Planning, design and construction supervision of water supply and ecological sanitation infrastructure rehabilitation projects Updated: Urine diversion dehydration and composting toilets as a part of the Lake Victoria Environmental Management Project (LVEMP), DdimoUpdated: Multi-story urine diversion dehydration toilets in Rubaga Girls Secondary School Inserted: Urine diversion dehydration toilets at Biina primary school in Luzira, KampalaInserted: Kampala City Council (KCC) Ecological Sanitation Project testing urine diversion dehydration toilets in slums, Inserted: DED EcoSan Promotion in Adjumani Town Council, Arua Municipal Council and Luwerop Town CouncilInserted: Ecosanitation at the office of an engineering company in Bellingham

Elisabeth von

Elisabeth von Elisabeth von Münch

Inserted 36 new projects which were derived from the work of Belinda Abraham (for example Bangladesh, Butan, Cameroon, Togo, Zimbabwe…). Belinda had a contract with us to search in particular for ecosan projects of UNICEF.

Elisabeth von Münch

Inserted 36 new projects which were compiled by Belinda Abraham (she searched for UNICEF's ecosan projects): 20 new projects from Bangladesh, 1 Burkina Faso, 2 x Bhutan, 1 Congo Brazzaville, 1 Guinea Conakry, 2 x India, 1 Malawi, 1 Nigeria, 1 North Korea, 4 x Togo, 1 x Rwanda, 1 ZimbabweInserted 7 new projects, which were compiled by Belinda on Guinea (Conakry) 6,and one new Bolivia project; also changes made to Bhutan and Bangladesh

Estimated total no.of projects per country for Algeria,Bolivia,Chad and EcuadorCompiled the total number of projects in each country plus the ranking of the top coutries in terms of most active in ecosan (highest number of projects)



10/4/2010 Paul Okan-Adjetey Inserted 2 new projects from Nepal.10/5/2010 Paul Okan-Adjetey Inserted 2 new projects from Niger and Yemen10/6/2010 Paul Okan-Adjetey Inserted 1 new project from Zambia10/7/2010 Paul Okan-Adjetey Inserted 2 new projects from Kenya and Uganda10/8/2010 Paul Okan-Adjetey

Updated and filled in the empty cells in the summary sheet for the country list to be posted.Deleted two projects which were abandoned and too small,in India, and Ethiopia (check deleted projects)

Inserted 1 new project from Zambia on Pestalozzi School

Other commentsElisabeth Peuser:

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

Unfinished and waiting for the new CS

Unfinished

[email protected]

[email protected]

No information available. Project deleted.No information available. Project deleted.No information available. Project deleted.

Finished 2001. No new information available. Project deleted

Isabelle Kunze, email: [email protected]

[email protected]

planning phase

[email protected]

[email protected]

Need to be asked for information

Need to be asked for information

Need to fill in info for new projects from website when toilets constructed

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

Find out actual user numbers

[email protected]

[email protected]

More information needed

P. Thakur will provide some additional info on the projects

check if same as subreiongal Andean project

Further info requested from TSC Mysore. (Wes Consultant projects should be updated when reports

relook at project details and update from websites

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]@yahoo.com

mailto:[email protected]





[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]@[email protected]@[email protected]







1country Afghanistan

project title

type of project Private household urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs)

city

address Katachel and Nasseri Villages, Kunduz Province

proj. period May to September 2009

type of settlement Rural area

Katachel e.V.

Katachel e.V.

The Netherlands Government

Notes for editors

Bathroom construction with urine diversion dehydration toilets for households in Katachel and Nasseri Villages, Kunduz Province

previous and current phase

project size and # of served inhab.

100 bathrooms with UDDTs (one bathroom per household). With 20 people per household, serving 2000 people.

planning institution

executing institution

supporting agency

general conditions

Poor remote area, suffering from decades of war and instability. Where people have toilets, the traditional toilet comprises a hole in a raised vault for faeces and urine and loam lumps are used for anal cleansing. Smells alot. This material is taken out and spread on the fields.

waste streams Separated urine and faeces respectively

type of reuse, use

costs 1000 Euro per bathroom.

web-site http://www.katachel.de/

contact Sybille Schnehage (president of Katachel e.V), email: [email protected], phone: 0049 5368 505

Nadira on 03.09.09 from telephone conversation with Sybille Schnehage ([email protected])

No

No

technologies applied

Single-vault, urine diversion dehydration toilets

Fertiliser: Urine is poured into the irrigation channels at time of irrigating. Faeces is removed from the vault after it is full and tilled into the fields

technical data and design criteria

The UDDT is a single-vault, two-holed, squatting toilet. The toilet slab is a metal plate or a Chinese imported plastic mould. The urine is collected in 20 L containers. When a container is full, it is used as per need as fertiliser.After each faecal use, loam balls are used for anal cleansing and ash (produced from burning manure for cooking) is added for dehydration. It is estimated that one vault will take about 6 months to fill up and most of the faecal matter would be dry. After this, it would either be spread directly on to the fields or first mixed with more ash. Spreading time depends on agricultural activity.

experiences and lessons learnt

- The UDDT is a part of a complete production cycle. Home-made soap is used for hygiene. Urine and faeces are used to fertilise the cotton crop: the cotton is used to make mattresses, the seeds are used to make oil, the oil is then used for cooking or to make soap, and soap is used in the toilet, and the remains from seed pressing are used as fish feed in the local fish pond- i.e. complete cycle! - People are especially pleased with the lack of smell in the toilets.

publications and other available documents

name & date of actual., comment

Uploaded on SuSana Website as case study

Posted on sanimap by:

2Afghanistan

Urine diversion dehydration toilets for a school in Kunduz Province

Schools constructed with urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs)

Kunduz Province

2003 - 2008

6 schools, each with 6 UDDTs, serving approximately 3600 students in total.

Rural area

Katachel e.V.

Katachel e.V.

BMZ, The Netherlands Government, a private organisation and WECF

Poor remote area, suffering from decades of war and instability. Where people have toilets, the traditional toilet comprises a hole in a raised vault for faeces and urine and loam lumps are used for anal cleansing. Smells alot. This material is taken out and spread on the fields.

Separated urine and faeces respectively

5000 Euro per set of 6 toilets.

http://www.katachel.de/

Sybille Schnehage (president of Katachel e.V), email: [email protected], phone: 0049 5368 505


No

No

Single-vault, urine diversion dehydration toilets

Used as fertiliser by caretaker or surrounding farmers: Urine is poured into the irrigation channels at time of irrigating. Faeces is tilled into the fields

The UDDT is a single-vault, two-holed, squatting toilet. The toilet slab is Chinese imported plastic mould. The urine is collected in containers. After each faecal use, loam balls are used for anal cleansing and sand is added for dehydration. When the vault is full the faecal matter is spread directly on to the fields or first mixed with ash. Spreading time depends on agricultural activity.

- Maintenance is critical in the toilets because so many children use them. Pictures have been put up on the use of the toilets, but sometimes there are issues such as when the children sit wrongly and thus they use the faecal and urine holes for opposite purposes. The toilets have to be cleaned and maintained by the caretaker or it becomes a problem.

3Afghanistan

Urine diversion dehydration toilets for women at the Pedagogical Academy, Kunduz

Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) at an institution

Kunduz City

Kunduz City

2007

6 UDDTs for about 150 women

Urban area

Katachel e.V.

Katachel e.V.

The Netherlands Government

The Pedagogical Academy in Kunduz only had toilets for males. The women used to go into the garden to relieve themselves.


6000 Euro

http://www.katachel.de/

Sybille Schnehage (president of Katachel e.V), email: [email protected], phone: 0049 5368 505


No

No

Single-vault UDDTs

Used as fertiliser by caretaker or surrounding farmers: Urine is poured into the irrigation channels at time of irrigating. Faeces is tilled into the fields

The UDDT is a single-vault, two-holed, squatting toilet. The toilet slab is Chinese imported plastic mould. The urine is collected in containers. After each faecal use, loam balls are used for anal cleansing and sand is added for dehydration. When the vault is full the faecal matter is spread directly on to the fields or first mixed with ash. Spreading time depends on agricultural activity.

4Afghanistan

Urine diversion dehydration toilets tested with households in rural areas of Herat Province

Trial project for testing urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) with households in a village

Herat Province

2000

Rural area

NGO Danish Committee for Aid to Afghan Refugees (DACAAR),

DACAAR

Partial subsidy by DACAAR

17 toilets contructed, one for each household. Assuming 6 people per household (from country list), about 100 beneficaries.

Typical sanitation system is a raised single-vault latrine, which can be emptied when full, or a pit latrine, which is not emptied. Approximately 35 % of the population in Herat are already applying excreta on the fields. After emptying, excreta is either buried or stored in a heap covered with earth for an extended period of time before it is applied on the field. The main risk of disease transmission is therefore on the men who empty the latrines. Main reasons for having a latrine were: visual shelter from the public, isolating dirt in one place, clean (compared to bushes), fertiliser. Vault latrines are usually used for depositing all kinds of dirt from e.g. sweeping (but not food waste) because it helps to keep smell reduced. Smell and emptying of latrines were mentioned as adverse effects.


Double-vault UDDTs

Faecal matter used for fertiliser. Urine diverted into soak pit, with plan to use the soil as fertiliser

Nadira on 07.09.09 from paper by Bregnhog et al. on ecosan experiences ([email protected])

No

No

Design of double-vault latrine with urine collection was developed based on the Vietnamese toilet design. The latrine has a slab with two sets of holes and two vaults, to be used one at a time. The twounits share a common urine collection system. Unlike the Vietnamese system, urine is led to asoak pit outside the latrine. The idea is that the soil in the soakpit could collect most of thenutrients from the urine and be used as fertiliser regularly.

- All of the respondents supported the method of recycling nutrients. However, for religious reasons, it was considered problematic to mix urine (considered unclean) with water (considered clean). The diverted urinecould therefore not be applied by sprinkling on the fields.Feedback of followup one year after construction was as follows:- The toilets were being used by all household members and the users found them to be an improvement over their old type in terms of being of a good size, not as smelly as the old latrines, and the numbers of flies were less. The separation of urine from faeces seemed to be working as it should.Bregnhoj, H et al. (2003), 'Experiences with ecosan in Danish allotment gardens and in development projects', 2nd International Symposium on Ecological Aanitation, April 2003, IWA, GTZ.

http://puvep.xu.edu.ph/publications/Experiences%20with%20ecosan%20in%20Danish%20allotment%20gardens%20and%20in%20development%20projects.pdf

http://puvep.xu.edu.ph/publications/Experiences%20with%20ecosan%20in%20Danish%20allotment%20gardens%20and%20in%20development%20projects.pdf

5Afghanistan

Public urine diversion dehydration toilets in villages in Dehrawud District, Uruzgan Province

Public urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) in villages

Dehrawud District, Uruzgan Province

2008 - 2009. And onwards, depending on availability of financial resources.

Rural area

Afghan Development Association (ADA)

Afghan Development Association (ADA)

Uruzgan office has submitted plan for making 162 further public UDDTs in Dehrawud district over the next three years (2010 - 2012). Implementation will depend on budget availability.

40 public UDDTs made, serving 12,500 people.ADA is working in 14 other provinces and has implemented public UDDTs in other provinces. The number of these projects is not known however.

Norwegian Church Aid (NCA)

Uruzgan, located in south-central Afghanistan, is one of the poorest of the 34 Afghan provinces. Once famous for its fruit and horticultural sector, the province today suffers to a high extent from the past 30 years of war and armed conflict. Most of the people in Uruzgan still live in traditional Pashtun societies and work in farming. Due to an almost non-existing public education system, close to a 100 per cent of the women and 90 per cent of the men are illiterate. The local provincial and district governments face great difficulties in meeting public demand of public goods and services.

People either rely on open defecation or use a local dry toilet. The local dry toilet is a raised vault in which excreta are deposited. The toilets are smelly and attract flies. The reuse of the excreta collected in the toilets is a traditional practice. The excreta is mixed with soil and in the summer it is dried in the sun for one week; in the winter it is dried for one month. This is done before the time of cultivation and the excreta mixed soil is spread on to the fields before cultivation. In a similar manner, animal manure and household biowaste are also collected and reused. In the villages, every household has a specific site where they collect this material before using it on the fields.


Single-vault UDDTs

No

Faeces are reused on the agricultural lands as per traditional practices of excreta reuse- faeces is mixed with soil and dried in the sun for about one week in the summer and one month in the winter.The farmers are digging out the soil where the urine is being soaked outside the UDDT and spreading this soil also on the fields.

Toilet cost: $500 for materials given by ADA. These materials are cement (for bottom base of toilet, stone masonry), toilet door, window, pipes, 3 beams, sub-structure (faeces chamber) door, readymade concrete slab.Community contribution: labour, superstructure (make of mud or brick)

The UDDT is a single-vault, squatting toilet. The toilet slab is made of a moulded concrete slab with a trapezoidal hole (which helps to show the right direction of sitting) for faeces deposition and a urine diverting channel leading from the front of the faeces hole. This channel drains into a pipe running down along the outside wall of the UDDT. The urine flows in the channel, down through this pipe and soaks in the soil outside the UDDT. The sub-structure is made of stone masonry with a concrete base and has a door to be able to remove the excreta.

People use the UDDT properly. They are given training about making the toilet and then they also know how it works. The UDDT fits well with traditional practices and the faeces (and even urine soaked soil) are in high demand.

Mr. Said Salam Agha, Director UruzganMr. Ghulam Sakhi Ludin, Country Program Director, Kabul (0799330018) (programmatic work)Mr. Sayed Hassan, Managing Director, Kabul (funding related work)

Nadira on 14.02.10 from information gathered in personal visit to ADA Uruzgan office. ([email protected])

No

6Afghanistan

Implementation of sanitary household toilets in two villages as a part of the UNICEF Clean Village Project

2nd April, 2009 - 1st February, 2010

Rural area

Voice of Women Organisation (VWO)

Voice of Women Organisation (VWO)

UNICEF (The United Nations Children's Fund)

Urine diversion dehydration toilets in two villages as a part of the Clean Village Project, in Injeel District, Herat Province and Chaghcaharan City, Ghor Province

Khowaja Surmaq Village, Injeel District, Herat Province andWajgona Village, Chaghcharan City, Ghor Province

35 single-vault UDDTs and about 100 double-vault UDDTs made for households, with estimated 810 beneficiaries (based on assumption of household size from country list). Also 5 public toilets (double-vault UDDTs) made for men (beneficiaries unknown).

Nearly 50,000 children under the age of five die each year in Afghanistan as a result of diarrhoeal diseases. Limited access to safe water (43% average) and very low coverage of appropriate sanitary means of excreta disposal (12% average) as well as poor hygiene practices contribute to this. As a part of International Year of Sanitation initiatives, UNICEF and MRRD have committed to prioritise hygiene and sanitation and will promote model sanitation villages in each of the 34 provinces. What is a model sanitary village: All households have a sanitary toilets and effectively use; no open defecation practices in the village; all family members practice proper hand washing and other key personal hygiene; all families have access and use safe drinking water throughout the year; community school have water and sanitation facilities and well maintained; WATSAN facilities are available and maintained well; village hand pump mechanic or Water system maintenance mechanic is available and supporting; general cleanliness maintained in the village including soiled waste management; CDC or WATSAN committee exists and mange WATSAN interventions; hygiene practices are monitored and sustained; CDC monitor health impact and other indicators such as incidents of diahorea, skin diseases and other water born and water related diseases.

VWO is making ecosan toilets as the chosen sanitary toilets in the two target villages.


Sinlge- and double- vault UDDTs

No

No

30 – 40% of the families use the urine as fertiliser in their gardens and 85% of the households use the dried faeces as soil conditioner on the land.

$150 per toilet for substructure. VWO pays for the cost of the substructure and the households have to make the superstructure.

The UDDT is a double-vault, squatting toilet. The toilet slab is made of a moulded concrete slab with a trapezoidal hole (which helps to show the right direction of sitting) for faeces deposition and a urine diverting channel leading from the front of the faeces hole. The urine is collected via a pipe in a container. The substructure is made of stone masonry.

A ventilation pipe leads out from the faeces collection vault to above the roof to reduce the smell and dry the faeces.- In Herat, VWO has established a Women Latrine Productive Centres (WLPC) where women have been trained to make the concrete products needed for the construction of the UDDTs. - In the beginning single-vault UDDTs were made but they faced problems with these. Then double-vault UDDTs were advocated. At first the villagers did not accept the double-vault toilets because they take more land, but after receiving awareness about the advantages of it and using the dry wastes as fertiliser, they agreed and now the villagers have more interest to have the UDDTs in their houses.

Voice of Women Organization (VWO). Office Address: Badmorghan, across from Masjidul Reza, Herat, Afghanistan. Office Telephone number: +93 (0) 22 60 61/ 0093 (0)799 209 386Email Address: [email protected] Nadarajah S. Moorhty, Chief of WES Section, UNICEF (United Nations Children’s Fund), Afghanistan Country Office. Office Mobile: +93(0)798507650 Office: +93(0)790507650. E-mail: [email protected]

Nadira ([email protected]) on 14.02.10 from information in VWO quarterly progress report (Apr - Jun 2009) and information gathered by Eng. Najibullah Noori (GTZ-Rodeco, Herat) from personal visit to VWO.

7Afghanistan

Public toilet and bath complexes with biogas digesters in five localities of Kabul City

Kabul

2005 - 2007

Urban area

Kabul Municipality and Sulabh International Social Service Organisation (SISSO)

Kabul Municipality and Sulabh International Social Service Organisation (SISSO)

Government of India

City public sanitation. Toilet cum bath complexes with biogas treatment system and use of biogas for energy and effluent for irrigation.

The five localities in Kabul city are as follows:1. Char Rahee Khote Sangi 2. Sarai Shyamolie 3. Farosh Gah 4. Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health (IGICH)

1. Char Rahee Khote Sangi 20 Seated Toilet Complex with 2 Biogas Digesters2. Sarai Shyamolie 20 Seated Toilet Complex with 2 (two) Biogas Digesters3. Farosh Gah 19 Seated Toilet Complex with 1 (one) Biogas Digesters4. Indira Gandhi Institute ofChild Health (IGICH) 20 Seated Toilet Complex with 2 (two) Biogas Digesters5. Deh Afghanan 20 Seated Toilet Complex with 2 (two) Biogas Digesters

Kabul, situated on the Kabul River is the capital of Afghanistan. It is the largest city with a population of more than 3 million people. Once a very beautiful city, it now bears the scars of continuous wars,which have almost, wrecked this great city. Water and sanitation services are the worst hit. The few old toilet complexes in the city are either inadequate or non-functional. The public places are in great need of toilet complexes and also baths, especially where the neighbourhood lacks individual sanitation facilities.

A team consisting of senior functionaries of Sulabh visited Kabul in October, 2005 for a meeting with the Hon'ble Mayor of Kabul, the concerned officials of Kabul Municipality and the Indian Ambassador at Kabul, H.E. Mr. Rakesh Sood. The Hon'ble Mayor expressed his desire to get Sulabh toilet complexes constructed in Kabul. Subsequently, Engineers of the Kabul Municipality and the technical team of Sulabh conducted a joint survey. Five sites were identified for constructing toilet complexes with biogas digesters.

Black water from pour-flush toilet, greywater from sinks and baths.

32,700,000 Indian Rupees (approx. US$ 743,200)

No

No

Pour-flush squatting toilets attached to biogas digesters.Series of filtration steps and UV disinfection for treatment of digestate produced in the biogas treatment process.Soakage well for greywater.

The biogas is used directly to light gas lamps outside the toilet complex and to fuel a gas stove which is used by the guard for cooking. The gas is also used to produce power via a generator that converts the gas to electricity, which is used for the lights inside the complex.The treated effluent is used as irrigation water.

Biogas complex design:- Two biogas digesters of size 30-40 m3 for each complex.- Built min. 1m below the ground to protect in winter.- Pour-flush toilets connected to the biogas unit.- Fresh water for toilet use is pumped from underground.- Handwashing and bath water goes into soakage well.- For startup added 10% manure, quickens up the process.- 20 people were trained for maintenance - 18 for cleaning, 2 for technical maintenance. These two people are plumbers. They were sent to India to see the complete process in operation (since at that time biogas production had not begun in Kabul). They learnt about all the steps, piping system, leakage control. Two technical people are not enough, need to have more.- The gas amount reduces in winter (but don’t know amount of gas production)Article on SISSO webpage, 'Construction, operation and maintenance of community toilet complexes in Kabul, Afghanistan': http://www.sulabhinternational.org/pages/sulabh_afghanistan.php

http://www.sulabhinternational.org/

Eng. Mohd. Yasin Hellal, Deputy Director, Policy and Coordination Dept, Kabul Municipality.Mobile Ph: 0093 799331085Email: [email protected]

Nadira ([email protected]) on 14.02.10 from information from personal visit to Eng. Mohd Yasin, Kabul Municipality; from article on SISSO webpage (see above) and personal visit to one toilet complex.

http://www.sulabhinternational.org/pages/sulabh_afghanistan.php

http://www.sulabhinternational.org/

8Algeria

Integrated water and sewage management with effluent reuse in the Béni Abbès Oasis

Béni Abbès

GTZ Wasserprogramm Algerien, 23 Chemin Rachid Lafkir, El Mouradia, 16508 Algier

8 years, 10/2003 - 12/2011

Planned: 12,000 (population of Béni Abbès)

Urban area

GTZ

GTZ, AHT

BMZ/GTZ Regional

The project is one aspect of the IWRM (Integrated Water Resource Management) in the Saoura Region and entails the planning and conceptualisation of an appropriate water treatment plant in Béni Abbès and the reuse of purified water for irrigation of green spaces and arable land.

Previous phase: 10/2003 - 12/2006 Current phase: 01/2007 - 12/2009 Expected construction start date: 2010

Current situation of wastewater treatment is as follows: One pipe discharges two-thirds of the wastewater without any treatment directly into the Wadi Saoura. A second pipe carries one-third of wastewater to an old lagooning facility, which does not have sufficient treatment capacities. The water from the lagooning station is used to irrigate fodder crops

Raw sewage

Biological sewage treatment plants

Irrigation

16 million Euros for the complete integrated water resources managment programme

GTZ Wissensspeicher ( Project number: 2006.2069.0 and 2001.2522.9)

Gabriele Kessel, GTZ

No

www.eau.algerie.org

Joyce Ekuful. 09.03.2009. Information from ecosan list (overview from Sören, April 2008); Updated 01.09.09 Marc Spiekermann.

http://www.eau.algerie.org/

9Armenia

Urine diversion dehydration toilets in a rural school, Hayanist

Hayanist

2005 - 2006

Rural school

Ministry of Foreign Affairs (TMF), Netherlands

Upgrading the sanitation system using UDDTs (urine diversion dehydration toilets) in an existing school in a rural area; pilot project.

Start of planning: Autumn 2005Start of construction: June 2006Start of operation: November 2006

Phase 1: conducted baseline study of the village; phase 2: consisted of developing cooperation with the local authorities and responsible water companies; phase 3: consisted of educational and press activitiesRural school with 350 students and 26 staff 7 double-vault UDDTs, 3 urinals

QUELQUE-CHOSE Architects, Yerevan, Aleksandr DanielyanHamburg University of Technology, Institute of wastewater management and water protection (TUHH)

Women in Europe for a Common Future (WECF), NetherlandsArmenian Women for Health and Healthy Environment (AWHHE), Armenia

The aim of the toilet facility is to provide the children safe, odour-free, and in winter freeze-free sanitation, and to protect the ground and drainage water from infiltration of human excreta. Although in Armenia the winters are very cold, the children had to go a rather long way to visit the previously bad smelling latrine.

Separate urine and faeces respectively

Double-vault UDDTs; waterless urinals; urine storage tank

28,740 Euro

[email protected] ; [email protected]

Yes

Reuse of urine as a fertiliser for the local farmers. Dehydrated faeces will be used as soil conditioner after it is ready.

For each toilet there are two easily accessible faeces vaults sealed with a concrete floor. The vaults with a volume of 1 m³ each are used alternately in a 2.5-year rhythm and are filled by about 2/3 of their volume only.The floor of the vaults has a slope of 1% for the drainage of residual leachate which is connected to a sewer leading to an open drainage.

Each faeces vault has an opening to the urine tank room. Airfrom that room together with equalised air pressure from the urine tank is evacuated by one common ventilation pipe leading to the roof where it is equipped with a wind-driven ventilator of 30 cm in diameter (see fig. 8). With this design, only one ventilation pipe for the vaults became necessary compared to former designs where every vault had one

- After realisation of the ecosan project, no cases of helminths were found.- Ecological sanitation works well in regions without central water supply or without basic sanitation.- Transportation and handling of large urine canisters (2 m³) has turned out to be difficult.- For an adequate design of a school UDDT, the actual urine and faeces volumes to be expected should be investigated in advance taking into account country-specific nutrition habits.SuSanA case study, 'Urine diversion dehydration toilets in a rural school, Hayanist' (see website below)

http://www.wecf.eu/english/articles/2006/07/tmf_armenia_2005.php

SuSanA case study: http://www.susana.org/images/documents/06-case-studies/en-susana-cs-armenia-hayanist-school.pdfhttp://www.wecf.eu/

Analiza from Newsletter 23 dated February 2007: 27.08. 2008 Updated 19.05.2009, Philipp Feiereisen ([email protected])

10Armenia

Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) in five schools and households in rural areas

Since 2006

Rural area

Armenian Women for Health and a Healthy Environment-AWHHE; Lore Eco Club, Charitable Women

Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs, WECF

Urine diversion dehydration toilets in households and five schools in rural areas of Hayanist, Fantan, Khachpar, Dzorghbyyur, Urud, Sverdlov, SaghmosavanYervan in the Lore region.

Hayanist, Fantan, Khachpar, Dzorghbyyur, Urud, Sverdlov, SaghmosavanYervan, Lore region, Armenia

5 schools (excluding Hayanist school in previous entry), 35 household toilets

Assuming an average household size of 4 (from country list), 140 household users.Assuming 200 students per school (for the purposes of the summar list), 1000 usersi.e. Total 1140 users.

None or partly central water supply, no sewage connection.

Toilets constructed under the "Tapping Ressources" and "Empowerment and Local Action" programmes

Separate urine and faeces respectively, greywater

Double-vault UDDT; urinals; sandfilter

Reuse of urine and faeces

No

Double-vault UDDT: outdoor and indoor toilets, squatting slabs for schools, home-made seat for households, urinals for male users, sandfilter

Dr. Claudia Wendland, Email: [email protected]

Dr. Claudia Wendland, Email: [email protected] 01.03.10

11Australia

Urine separating sanitation facilities at Maryborough Educational Centre (high school), Victoria

Maryborough, Victoria

102-190 Balaclava Rd, Maryborough, Victoria, 3465, Australia

In operation since 2007

High School situated in peri urban area

GHD

Urine planned to be collected and trialled for reuse in local agricultural land close to the school

Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) included in the newly constructed development at the Maryborough Educational Centre (high school)

The installation was operational in early 2007, with reporting of results throughout 2007 and early 2008. The research phase of the project was completed in late 2008.

Six urine-separating composting toilets, two waterless urinals, Rotaloo UDDT (Australian manufacturer) and Uridan waterless urinals as well as conventional flush toilets were installed to serve a school population of 1500 students and staff.

The project was funded by the Smart Water Fund, an initiative of the Victorian Government and the Victorian water industry supporting the development of water conservation, recycling and sustainable biosolids solutions. As well as support and contribution from City West Water, CSIRO, Department of Human Services (DHS), Environment Protection Authority (EPA), Melbourne Water Corporation, Monash University and University of NSW, Bensons Property Group and Demaine Partnership.

Separate collection, treatment and reuse of urine and faeces

$170,000 (from Victorian Smart Water Fund) plus

Article in the latest publication of the Australian Water Association Journal - Water, May 2009

Johnathon Crockett (Project Manager), [email protected]

No

Six urine-separating composting toilets and two waterless urinals, Rotaloo UDDT (Australian manufacturer) and Uridan waterless urinals as well as conventional flush toilets

Reuse trial - urine collected for trial and reuse in agricultural application, dehydrated faeces is also planned for reuse in farming application.

The toilet block containing the UDDT was designed and constructed a long distance from the main school buildings which became a problem as high school graffitti and vandalism to the toilets meant that the urine collected couldn't be reused when vandals put cigarette butts down the urine diversion segment making the urine unusable for reuse

http://www.ghd.com.au/aptrixpublishing.nsf/Content/CompostingToiletsAU_prj#Benefits%20of%20dry%20composting%20toilet

19.06.2009 Dena Fam - [email protected]

12Australia

Currumbin Eco-village with urine diversion flush toilets, Queensland

Urine diversion flush toilets in a residential/eco-village

Queensland

In operation since 2008

20 toilets (urine diversion flush toilets) planned to be installed. So far there are 7 toilets, and 16 participants

Peri-urban

New peri-urban eco-village

Department of Natural Resources and Water, Queensland Government. The Ecovillage at Currumbin developer Landmatters Currumbin Valley Pty Ltd and consulting engineers Bligh Tanner Pty Ltd.

Separated urine and brown water respectively

Urine separation toilets (urine diversion flush toilets)

Trials with reuse of urine in agriculture and research

Ted Gardener: [email protected]

No

20 Gustavsberg UD flush toilets will be installed. Each household has a bladder to collect urine installed under the house.

Odour problems were caused by hot weather and poor ventilation combined with a gas leakage through the bladder walls. The solution was to trial an alternative storage vessel: We are currently trialling an alternative storage vessel at Lot 105 to minimise the odours. The ‘waffle pod’ is a rigid walled 320 L container that can beretrofitted under the house using the existing plumbing. This vessel is expected to be completely impermeable to ammonia and most other gases that give urine its “off” odour. QLD Government Department of Natural Resources and Water http://www.science.qld.gov.au/dsdweb/v4/apps/web/content.cfm?id=6151 Australian Water Association Journal - Water, Vol 36 (1) and also: https://dms.gtz.de/livelink-ger/livelink.exe?func=ll&objId=54387699&objAction=browse&viewType=1

21.07.2009 Dena Fam - [email protected]

13Australia

The reuse oriented Water Reclamation and Management Scheme at Sydney Olympic Park, Sydney

Wastewater treatment and reuse

Sydney

In operation since July 2000

Urban area

Sydney Olympic Park, NSW 2127

Water reclamation plant capacity 2.2 million litres per day;Water treatment plant capacity 7 million litres per day;For 20,000 people

Sydney Olympic Park Authority (SOPA)Olympic Co-ordination Authority (OCA)

Wastewater and stormwater respectively.

A$ 15 million

ready for downloading on website

No

Contact reactors and microfiltration, (filtered through a reverse osmosis process), UV disinfection plus chlorine residual added.

Recycled water is used for: toilet flushing, watering gardens, lawns and parks, washing cars, windows, brickwork, filling ornamental ponds, fire fighting

Wastewater and stormwater is treated by contact reactors and microfiltration, (filtered through a reverse osmosis process), UV disinfection plus chlorine residual added, then returned via third pipe to homes for toilet flushing, clothes washing, garden irrigation.

http://www.sydneyolympicpark.com.au/education_and_learning/environment/water

Andrzej Listowski (CEO), [email protected] although Nicolas Ashbolt can act as the contact if needed.

17.11.2003 Inés23.12.2004 Sonny07.02.2006 Dania

http://www.sydneyolympicpark.com.au/education_and_learning/environment/water

14Australia

Urine diverting flush toilets and grey water recycling system in a rural area

Kinglake, Victoria, 3763

2009 - 2010

Rural area

Yarra Valley Water authority (YVW)

Yarra Valley Water authority (YVW)

Victorian Water Trust

Urine diverting flush toilets and grey water recycling system with rural communities at Kinglake, Victoria

2009: Planning, community consultation on installing UDT 2010: Start of installation2010: Start of operation

Rural community of 70 households, 30 households have taken the offer of free provision of UDT that will service approximately 90 residents

The rural Kinglake area was devasted by bushfires in early 2009 with 75 homes destroyed in the area and 20 fatalities. The community is in the process of rebuilding homes and the local water authority has funded residents to install UDT toilets as an alternative. 30 households have responded to incentives and as of early 2010 UDTs and grey water recycling systems will begin to be installed.

Urine, brownwater and blackwater, greywater

$4.2 million

To be constructed

Rita Narangala, email: [email protected]

26.1.2010 Dena

No

Urine diverting flush toilet; urine storage tank; a greywater treatment system (Nubian GT600); STEP components- septic tank and effluent pump (connection to main sewer).

Greywater will be reused for toilet flushing, laundry and irrigation. Urine will be collected and reused locally in non-food crop trials by local farmer.

The following infrastructure will be located on each property:1. Greywater treatment system, comprising: Nubian GT600 unit, commonly located at the side of the house; Collection well and pump to transfer greywater to the Nubian GT600.2. Urine separation system, comprising: One or more urine separating toilets inside the home; A urine storage tank to collect and store urine (located outside, in most cases underground).3. STEP system for blackwater, comprising: Interceptor tank (i.e. septic tank); Effluent pump to transfer septic tank effluent to sewer main; Property service line from septic tank to sewer main; and Control panel and associated electrical cabling to the home and pump unit.

MacDonald, S. & Narangala, R. 2008, 'Decentralised or centralised and how to choose?' paper presented to the On-site and decentralised sewerage and recycling conference, Benalla, Victoria, Australia, 12-15th October, 2008.

15Austria

Urban urine diversion and greywater treatment system, Linz (solarcity)

Medium-scale ecosan pilot project in new urban area

Linz

1998 - 2006

Urban area

OtterWasser GmbH, Lübeck, Germany

solarCity PichlingLinz, Austria

Start of planning: 1998Start of construction: 2004Start of operation: 2006 (ongoing)

Pilot project for approx. 250 inhabitants of 88 flats and 270 pupils of a primary school with a childcare facility (in total 460 population equivalents).Primary school & child care facility: 12 UD flush toilets, 20 waterless urinals.88 flats: 115 UD flush toilets

LINZ AG, Linz, AustriaSteinmüller, Linz, Austria

The ecosan pilot project is part of an innovative town planning project with many ecological features. It was developed with participation of the municipal authorities, 12 housing companies and READ (Renewable Energies in Architecture and Design) as the main architectural initiator.

Urine stream and mixed brown water and greywater stream.

http://www.linz.at/solarcity/SolarCity_25645.asp

Yes

UD flush toilets, waterless urinals, 2 separate pipe network for urine and other wastewater, fibreglass urine collectiona and storage tanks, compost filters, constructed wetlands, rainwater infiltration ditches.

The reuse of urine is not yet carried out because the Upper Austrian legislation prohibits its application in agriculture. At the moment the composting process of the compost filter material is not functional due to optimisation works. In the future, nutrient recycling (through use of urine, compost and reeds from the constructed wetlands) and on-site infiltration of the treated brownwater and greywater shall be realised in cooperation with research partners.Alternative waste water concept: 510,000 EuroTotal costs for solarCity are 190,000,000 Euro

Urine-diversion flush toilets:Ceramics. Bowl separated into urine and a faeces section. Used in sitting position because a urine pipe valve is activated by the user’s weight on the toilet seat to allow the collection of pure urine (without flush water). The valve closes when the user stands up, so that the flushing water does not enter the urine pipe but drains off through the faeces outlet in the rear. Two different flush buttons available: 1-3 L for urine flush and 6 L for faeces flush.Waterless urinals:- The ecosan technologies applied in this project are not yet fully mature and functional. There is a need for optimisation of the NoMix toilet design. The slightly increased demand for cleaning is acceptable. But for young children, e.g. at primary schools, the Roediger toilets are not suitable. The project at the school has had significant problems with the urine separation flush toilets for small children who find it difficult to sit back far enough for defecation. After two years in operation, the LINZ AG changed the UD flush toilets at SuSanA publication available at: http://www.susana.org/images/documents/06-case-studies/en-susana-cs-austria-linz-solar-city-2009.pdf

ILinz Service GmbH, Dipl.-Ing. A. Leimer, Wiener Str. 151, A-4021 Linz, e-Mail: [email protected]

17.11.2003 Inés; 23.12.2004 Sonny; 07.02.2006 Dania; 16.02.2009 Update Lukas Ulrich; 19.05.2009 Update Philipp Feiereisen; 6.11.09 inserted details from susana case study, Nadira Khawaja ([email protected])

http://www.susana.org/images/documents/06-case-studies/en-susana-cs-austria-linz-solar-city-2009.pdf

16Austria

Urine diversion dehydration toilets at a mountain inn, Pretulgraben

Tourist, mountain inn

Pretulgraben

2002

Not known

Mountain inn

DI Klaus Jerlich, Technisches Büro Jerlich

Private

Ecosan Club Austria, University for Agriculture Siences Vienna


Urine diversion dehydration pedestal toilet, urinal, micro-plant filter

Soil conditioner, fertiliser, greywater for irrigation

Appr. 4,000 Euro

DI Klaus Jerlich, [email protected]

17.11.2003 Inés

No

Storage containers 60 LiterMicro-plant filter to treat greywater.Treatment process: drying, increase pH-value, storage

Experience is only in two houses and the school.It was better after explaining the idea.Using toilet brushes increased hygiene.

http://www.jerlich.at

http://www.jerlich.at/

17Austria

Bettelwurf Hut (2,100 m above see level) in Alpine Park Karwendel (Nature Reserve)

2002

Testing period of one toilet block in 2002

Mountain hut

Posch & Partners Consulting Engineers

ÖAV

Urine diversion dehydration toilets and on-site greywater treatment at the mountain hut 'Bettelwurf Hütte', Karwendel Alpine Park

Upgrading of a sanitation system in the mountain hut "Bettelwurf Hut" located in a nature reserve. Installation of a urine diversion dry toilet (UDDT) and on-site greywater treatment system.

3 permanent workers, 79 beds; 2000 night stays / 3000 day guests (operating approx. 125 days / year); approx 150 users daily.

Posch & Partners Consulting Engineers on behalf of ÖAV Zweig Innsbruck (Austrian Alpine Club, Branch Innsbruck)

Situated in nature reserve of alpine park "Karwendel" near to drinking water well Absam/Hall; reachable only on foot. Before the project, the kitchen wastewater and toilet waste were being disposed in the nature without treatment.

Composted faeces as substrate for cultivation

120,000 Euro

No

Separate urine and faeces respectively. Greywater from kitchen and baths. Separate disposal and collection of toilet paper and hygienic articles.

Sanitary complex with 6 urine diversion dry toilets with pedestals and waterless urinals.Collection of faces in containers, transport down to valley and off-site composting of faeces.Infiltration of urine in soil. Treatment of greywater in combined grease trap and desludging tank, infiltration of greywater.

Upgradation of one sanitary complex with UDDTs and waterless urinals, transport of faeces to the valley in transport bins by cable car for later composting, biological treatment of urine by natural soil filter with infiltration, treatment of greywater in combined grease trap and desludging tank, infiltration of greywater.

- Wrong use of ca. 40%- Acceptance by hut owner and toilet users.- High use of toilet paper. This can be reduced by a toilet paper dispenser.- Separate toilet paper collection is not needed because it can't be burnt as was planned. It can be added in the faeces collection hoel. Experience report is available in German at: http://www.pap.co.at/uploads/media/Erfahrungsbericht_2002_01.pdfEcoSan (Bettelwurfhütte Österreich); Teil 1: http://www.pap.co.at/downloads/EcoSan%20in%20der%20Praxis.pdf

www.pap.co.at

POSCH & PARTNER GMBH, Seb.-Kneuoo-Weg 17, A-6020 Innsbruck , [email protected]

Revised: Sören, 4.12.2006. Information inserted from experience report (see above), Nadira ([email protected]) on 14.02.10.

http://www.pap.co.at/


18Austria

On-site treatment of blackwater with reuse for five mountain huts

Treatment of blackwater from mountain huts

1993 - 1999

Mountain huts

Posch & Partners Consulting Engineers

Posch & Partners Consulting Engineers on behalf of DAV (German Alpine Club)

DAV

Mountain huts situated above 2000 m above sea level.

Erlanger Hut (2550masl), Kaiserjoch Haus (2,310masl), Badener Hut (2,600 masl),Leutkircher Hut (2,251masl), Kaunergrat Hut (2,817m)

Erlanger Hut (110 p.e), Kaiserjoch Haus (150 p.e.), Badener Hut (90 p.e), Leutkircher Hut (140 p.e), Kaunergrat Hut (200 p.e.). Total 690 p.e.

Blackwater

Composting of feaces for reuse as substrate for cultivation; infiltration of treated wastewater.

-

-

-

Revised: Sören, 4.12.2006

No

Mechanical separators and compactors designed for separation of blackwater from flush toilets, dewatering and mixing with substrate for composing of faeces. Composting in specially designed "step composters" designed for minimum 4 years composting period.

http://www.pap.co.at/sites/german/alp_tech.html

www.pap.co.at

[email protected]

http://www.pap.co.at/sites/german/alp_tech.html



19Azerbaijan

Urine diversion dehydration toilets tested with rural households

Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDT) tested with two rural households

Since 2008

Rural area

EKOT, WECF

EKOT


2 household toilets

Assuming an average household size of 5 (from country list), 10 users

No central water supply, no sewage connection

Toilets under the Empowerment and Local Action project


UDDT

No



20Bangladesh

Urine diversion dehydration toilets for households in rural areas, Comilla

Rural household sanitation: urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs)

2004 - 2009

Rural area

Bangladesh Academy for Rural Development (BARD)

Piloting phase: Comilla Sadar Upazila, and Comilla Sadar South UpazilaExpansion phase: Comilla Sadar Upazila, Burichang Upazila, and Comilla Sadar South Upazila

Piloting phase: 2004 - 2007Expansion phase: 2007 - 2009

Piloting phase: 150 people, 15 toiletsExpansion phase: 1200 people. 99 toilets

Bangladesh Academy for Rural Development (BARD) and Japan Association of Drainage and Environment (JADE)

Piloting phase: JADE and Japan Fund for Global Environment (JFGE)Expansion phase: JADE and Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)

Majority of the households are using pit latrine, which causes ground and surface water pollution, and environmental pollution


UDDTs

Urine as liquid urea fertiliser and faeces as organic fertiliser in agriculture farm

No

No

Piloting phase: US$ 88,258Expansion phase: US$ 28,000

Outcomes of the Project: - Toilet owners are using their eco-toilets very eagerly and appropriately.- The toilet owners (both male and female) are using human excreta (urine and faeces) and they have found positive results of using human excreta in their agriculture lands- The villagers accept the eco-toilets specially the women and they are interested to have the same type of toilets if they have the financial support.

www.bard.gov.bd

Dr. Masudul Hoq Chowdhury, Joint Director and Team Leader, Ecological Sanitation Project, Bangladesh Academy for Rural Development (BARD), Comilla, Bangladesh. Email: [email protected]

Dr. Masudul Hoq Chowdhury, BARD, on 10.09.2009

http://www.bard.gov.bd/

21Bangladesh

Shabuzpur Tea Estate, Mowlobibazar District

Pilot project

1000 people, 15 toilets

Tea estate



Shabuzpur Teal Estate,

Majority of the households don't have any toilets

Urine diversion dehydration toilets at Shabuzpur Tea Estate for the households of the estate workers, Mowlobibazar District

Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) for households of workers at a tea estate with reuse of fertiliser


UDDTs

Urine as liquid urea fertiliser and faeces as organic fertiliser in tea garden

US$ 5,217

No

No

Toilet owners are using the UDDTs very perfectly. The tea estate owners are using human excreta (urine and faeces) as fertiliser in the tea garden.

Ecological Sanitation: An Intermediate Technology for Environmental Management Vol 1 & 2, Published by Bangladesh Academy for Rural Development, Kotbari, Comilla, Bangladesh, Construction Manual

www.bard.gov.bd

Dr. Masudul Hoq Chowdhury, Joint Director and Team Leader, Ecological Sanitation Project, Bangladesh Academy for Rural Development (BARD), Comilla, Bangladesh. Email: [email protected]

Dr. Masudul Hoq Chowdhury, BARD, on 10.09.2009

http://www.bard.gov.bd/

22Bangladesh

Pilot project aseessing relevance of urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) in an emergency.

100 UDDTs. Assuming 5 people per household (from country list), 500 beneficiaries

Terre des hommes (INGO), Multi-Task (local CBO)

Terre des hommes, Multi-Task

Terre des hommes. Labour provided by households

Urine diversion dehydration toilets tested as sustainable emergency sanitation in cyclone affected areas

Started on: 2008

Government has target of achieving 100% sanitation by 2010. UNICEF states 36% coverage of improved sanitation in 2006, govt states 60%. By 2009, less than 500 ecosan toilets built in Bangladesh. Actors in ecosan request more institutional support and affordable technologies. Climatic and geologic conditions leading to floods, a high water table and cyclones. In Nov 2007 cyclone SIDR hit the coast at 240kph. Violent storm Ayla occurred in May 2009. Many ring slab toilets flooded and superstructures and slabs damaged. The commonly used ring slab latrine, raised pit latrine and hanging latrines not safe, when flooded they are a health risk. Ventilated double pit and sand enveloped raised pit latrine also could not contain excreta in storms and floods. Faecophobic culture.

Faecal matter stream; urine and beige water combined stream

Double-vault UDDT

$580 per toilet

Nadira on 14.09.09 from paper presented by Mazeau and Delepiere at Dry Toilet Conference 2009.

No

No

Double-vault UDDT with squatting pans. Pans cast insitu and all structures built in concrete (hence expensive) to withstand climatic events. Two large holes used for defecation, one smaller hole located between the two defecation holes for urine and anal cleansing water. Urine and beige water are infiltrated into the soil.Vault, iron cover and vent pipes face south to receive sun rays and favour the drying process of excreta.Pan not to be aligned in direction east-west (facing Mecca, Islamic belief)

- Urine combined with beige water and infiltrated into soil because population not ready to handle urine.- After the storm Ayla in 2009, it was seen that out of 21 toilets checked 17 did not have any smell. In 4 cases there were flies around the doors of the vaults because the doors were damaged by the heavy winds. Hence new doors are being designed to reduce these impacts. Most of the UDDTs were usable after the event which was not the case for most of the traditional latrines. Mazeau, A. & Delepiere, A. (2009), 'Introducing ecological sanitation in emergency: Some lessons learned from a pilot project in Bangladesh', Paper presented at the Dry Toilet Conference, Finland.

http://www.drytoilet.org/dt2009/pdf/Antoine_Delepiere.pdfhttp://www.drytoilet.org/dt2009/pdf/present_Antoine_Delepiere.pdf

Adrien Mazeau, Student Msc Water and Environment Management, WEDC (Water Engineering Development Centre), Loughborough, UK – JPO Tdh Bangladesh - [email protected] Delepière*, resource person WASH, Terre des hommes foundation, Montchoisi 15, Lausanne > Switzerland – [email protected] – (+41) 58 611 0674

23Bangladesh

Start: Oct 2009

Rural households

Practical Action Bangladesh

UNICEF and Government of Bangledesh

Action research and construction of urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) in seven hilly districts of Rangpur, Moulovibazar, Narsigdi, Sunamgonj, Bandarban, Cngonj, Gaibandh (overarching project)

Action research on ecological alternatives in sanitation in difficult areas of Bangladesh (for details see 3 project entries to the right of this one!)

Difficult hilly areas in seven districts of Rangpur, Moulovibazar , Narsigdi, Sunamgonj, Bandarban, Cngonj, Gaibandha

Government of Bangladesh and UNICEF, c/o UNICEF Bangledesh, UNICEFP.O. Box 58Dhaka - 1000People's Republic of Bangaldesh

It aims to cover 120 upazilas (district or similar) and 31 pourashavas in 31 districts and a population of 30 million. The present implementation phase covers 68 upazilas in 19 districts (including 300 paras in 8 upazilas in the three Chittagong Hill Tracts districts).

Project is being implemented thorough a consortium lead by Practical Action Bangladesh- and associates Bangladesh Association for Social Advancement (BASA) Society for People’s Actions in Change and Equity (SPACE) Commitment Consultants

The project is known as ' The Sanitation, Hygiene Education and Water Supply in Bangladesh (SHEWAB) project'. The purpose is to develop at least 5 innovative eco toilets options appropriate for geo-hydrological, physical, socio economic and cultural contexts of selected difficult areas (urban slums, haor areas, water scarce area like Chittagong Hill Tract and Barind region; flood prone and high water table) of Bangladesh. Funding for this project will end in January 2011. There are 3 project entries (SPACE, BASA, Practical Action), see to the right of this one in the same file

Separate urine and faeces

UDD toilets

US$ 260,000 (EUR 200,200)

n/a

No

No

No specific information available at this time. However, plans are to establish linkage with fertilizer company/agricultural extension services for utilization of human excreta in agricultural farming

Available from UNICEF/ Practical Action as an output of project:Designs (at least 5) and /BOQ of different innovative ecological toilet options were developed

Major Outputs achieved so far:1. Inception report2. Designs (at least 5) and /BOQ of different innovative ecological toilet options3. Training manuals in Bengali (Construction manuals & Operation manuals for users)4. 100 eco-toilets (constructed) Ecosan in Bangladesh (synopsis document prepared by M. Alam of UNICEF, Technology for Human Excreta Management (WASTE) and partners and contact details for ecosan in Bangladesh prepared by M. Alam

Mohammad Monirul Alam, UNICEF ([email protected])P.O. Box 58Dhaka - 1000People's Republic of Bangaldesh, Phone Nos.: 933.6701 to 933.6710

Entered on 30.06.2010 by B. Abraham who received information from Mohammad Monirul Alam, UNICEF ([email protected]) via e-mail on 03.05.2010

24Bangladesh

Small-scale pilot project

Project Location: Wrisipara, Gazipur Municipality

Rural households


UNICEF Bangladesh

Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) construction in 60 rural households in Wrisipara, Gazipur Municipality

C/o Practical Action House 12/B, Road 4, Dhanmondi R/A, Dhaka – 1205, Bangladesh; Mr. Abdul Karim, Mayor (Acting), Gazipur Municipality, Gazipur, Mobile: +880 1712 089331

Started on: April 2008

Total 7500 HHs are targetted with interventions including waste management, traditional sanitation and compost - toilets constructed in 60 households, targetting approximately 300 people

Practical Action Bangladesh House 12/B, Road 4, Dhanmondi R/A, Dhaka – 1205, Bangladesh Tel: +8802 8650439, 9675236, 9675243 Fax: +880 2 9674340

Under the Bio- Villages program to support community-based approaches for farmers to protect natural resources. The project title is 'Integrated Support for Sustainable Environment '. The project funding ended in March 2009

separation of urine and feces for agricultural purposes

UDDT

Agriculture

Euros 199,500

No

No

· Practical Action has developed two different model of eco-toilet one made of ceramic and the other made of plastic fiber. Practical action also has engineering designs and bills of quantities (BOQ).

The project also included a sub-project to promotion of urine use at homestead gardening in Gazipur Municipality

Practical Action has a number of technical briefs on compost toilets, rainwater harvesting, available at: http://www.practicalaction.org/water-and-sanitation; as well as documents on waste and recycling available at:http://practicalaction.org/practicalanswers/index

Website: www.practicalaction.org

Practical Action Bangladesh S. A. Abdullah Al Mamun, Sr. Technology Promotion Officer House 12/B, Road 4, Dhanmondi R/A, Dhaka – 1205, Bangladesh Tel: +8802 8650439, 9675236, 9675243 Fax: +880 2 9674340Email: [email protected]

Entered on 05.07.2010-B. Abraham received information from Mohammad Monirul Alam, UNICEF ([email protected]) via e-mail on 03.05.2010 and Mr. Mamun on 05.07.2010

http://www.practicalaction.org/

25Bangladesh

Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) in five schools in Gazipur Municipality

small-scale school pilot project

Gazipur Municipality, Gazipur

5 Schools

School


UNICEF Bangladesh

Known as the School Santiation Project, funding ended in March 2010


Started on: April’ 09


separation of urine and faeces

UDDT

Agriculture

Refer to Integrated Support for Sustainable Environment

No

No

14,500 EURO

Practical Action has a number of technical briefs on compost toilets, rainwater harvesting, available at: http://www.practicalaction.org/water-and-sanitation;as well as documents on waste and recycling available at:http://practicalaction.org/practicalanswers/index





26Bangladesh

small-scale pilot project and action research

100 UDDTs ("ecotoilets"), assuming 5 people per household = 500 users

rural/peri-urban municipality


UNICEF Bangladesh

Under the joint initiative with UNICEF- see SHEWAB project, this project funding will run until January 2011

Action research on ecological alternatives and construction of 100 UDDTs in difficult areas of Gaibandha, Rangpur, Cngonj, Narsindhi, Moulovibazar, Sunamgonj, Bandarban

Gaibandha, Rangpur, Cngonj, Narsindhi, Moulovibazar, Sunamgonj, Bandarban

C/o Practical Action House 12/B, Road 4, Dhanmondi R/A, Dhaka – 1205, Bangladesh

Started on: 1.10.2009



UDDT

Agriculture

No

No

17,842,385 BDT or 204,420.57 Euros






27Bangladesh

small-scale pilot project

Gazipur District, Pazulia and Fawcal village under Gazipur Municipality

19 households or 95 people (approximately)

rural/peri-urban municipality


UNICEF Bangladesh

Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) with 19 households in Pazulia and Fawcal villages, Gazipur district under Gazipur Municipality




Under the Bio- Villages program to support community-based approaches for farmers to protect natural resources, this project is known as 'Construction of 19 household level UDDTs in Gazipur Town'. Funding for this project ends December 2010


UDDT

Agriculture

199,500 EURO ( budget under ISSUE II Integrated Support for Sustainable Environment)

No

No

· Practical Action has developed two different model of eco-toilet and also has engineering design and BOQ.






28Bangladesh

small-scale pilot project

Village: Dhirassharm under Gazipur Municipality

1 school, ?? of beneficiaries

Rural/peri-urban municipality


UNICEF Bangladesh

Sanitation block with biogas plant at G.K. Model High School in Dhirassharm under Gazipur Municipality




This project is known as 'Construction of Sanitation Block with Bio-gas plant at G.K. Model High School in Dhirassharm under Gazipur Municipality' and funding ended in March 2010


UDDT linked to biodigester

Agriculture

Budget under $14,500 Euros under school sanitation budget

No

No

· Practical Action has developed two different model of eco-toilet and also has engineering design and BOQ. Urine pan designed and tested under this project






29Bangladesh

pilot rural

Wrisipara, Gazipur Municipality

rural household


UNICEF

Construction and promotion of concrete urine diversion pans through piloting community-based urine diversion toilet (UDT) in Wrishipara Polli of Gazipur Municipality




The funding for this project ended in March 2009. This project was part of the research projects under Mini Aid Group meeting: Poverty Reduction Project.

separation of faeces and urine

Promotion of concrete UDDTS

Agriculture- crop production

Budget: 10,000 GBP or 12,077 Euros

no


No

no

Concrete urine diversion pans and composting toilets are promoted in this project



30Bangladesh

Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) constructed in eight schools in Gazipur City

school ecological sanitation project

Gazipur district ( city)

3675 of school children and teachers

School

UNICEF

c/o Bangladesh Association for Social Advancement (BASA)


Bangladesh Association for Social Advancement (BASA)


BASA is implementing several projects in various districts in Bangladesh, including "Safe drinking water for the slum people in Gazipur" which covers hundreds of poor slum people. In Chittagong district at Sitakunda upazila, BASA is implementing a pilot project related to ecological sanitation, in which the beneficiaries are poor rural people. BASA is also implementing a project with ICS (Improved Cook Stoves)'.Reference taken from http://www.pciaonline.org/node/950. The project funding ended in November 2009.

Urine and faeces seperated

UDDT

Agriculture

US$ 23,000 or Euros 17,784

www.basa-ngo.org (currently not working)

no

no

UDDT. Collected urine is diluted with water and used at the agricultural field for the production. The compost that is collected 6 months interval used for vegetable production, for gardening and also for the crop production.

BASA's 'School Sanitation Project' report available through organisation

A. K. M. Shirajul Islam, Executive Director House # 247, Road # 18, New DOHS, Mohakhali, Dhaka-1206 Bangladesh, Tel: +8802 9862464, 01711528281. Fax #: 02-9880957 Email: [email protected]

Entered on 30.06.2010 by B. Abraham who received information from Mohammad Monirul Alam, UNICEF ([email protected]) via e-mail on 03.05.2010 and A.K.M. Shirajul Islam via e-mail 7 July 2010

31Bangladesh

pilot demonstration for rural village households

Sitakunda Upazila in Chittagong and Noakhali districts

15 families or 80 persons benefitted (but 5 people per household used in summary list)

rural village households

WHO

Pilot demonstration of 10 urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) for rural households at Sitakunda Upazila in Chittagong and Noakhali districts





Bangladesh Association for Social Advancement (BASA) has been working at Environment sector especially on WATSAN sector since 1991. BASA has been working on UDDTs since last4 years.'A.K.M. Shirajul Islam, Executive Director via e-mail July 7, 2010. the project funding ended in November 2009.

Urine and faeces seperated

UDDT

Agriculture

$14,000 or Euros 10,826.27

www.basa-ngo.org ( currently not working)

no

no


One of the beneficiaries named Josna Begum who is the owner of ecosan toilet using urine for chilli production. She showed [BASA] the chilli which is longer than the average size and said that the main reason for getting such type of healthy and longer chilli is to use diluted urine [as she followed the] the field officer suggestions.Encouraged by [her success], her neighbors also started applying urine in vegetable gardens. . . . Poor people are in favor of using ecosan toilet [UDDT and composting toilets] and are positive BASA's 'Final evaluation report of “PILOT PROJECT FOR DEMONSTRATION ANDDISSEMINATION OF ECOSAN TOILET' is available through organisation.



32Bangladesh

rural community sanitation project

Gazipur, Tangail, Mymensingh


UNICEF

Construction of 200 urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) in rural communities of Gazipur, Tangail, Mymensingh Municipalities


Started on: March 2010

to date 20 UDDTs constructed benefitting 600 people directly and indirectly 5,000 people (this means 30 people per communal facility)

Bangladesh Association for Social Advancement (BASA) A. K. M. Shirajul Islam, Executive Director House # 247, Road # 18, New DOHS, Mohakhali, Dhaka-1206 Bangladesh, Tel: +8802 9862464, 01711528281. Fax #: 02-9880957 Bangladesh Association for Social Advancement (BASA)

urine and faeces seperated

UDDT

Agriculture

US$ 43,000 or Euros 33,252


no

no




33Bangladesh

rural community sanitation project


Action Aid Bangladesh

Construction of urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) for the poor and excluded of indigenous community in Durgapur, Netrokona

Durgapur, Netrokona


Implemenation has not started yet. Integrated and Transparent Actions through NSA and LA Cooperation forSustainable Development (INTRA SUSTAIN)



The project title is 'Integrated and Transparent Actions through NSA and LA Cooperation forSustainable Development (INTRA SUSTAIN): Construction of UDDTs for the poor and excluded of indigenous community in Durgapur, Netrokona. It is set to begin construction in


UDDT

Agriculture





34Bangladesh

Pilot, village, rural

c/o Society for People’s Actions in Change and Equity (SPACE)


Society for People’s Actions in Change and Equity (SPACE)

TOTO Japan through Japan Association of Drainage and Environment (JADE)

Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) to improve sanitation at Bashaivog and Bejgoan villages, Munshigonj in Bangladesh through information dissemination and awareness raising

Village: Bashaivog, Bejgoan, Union: PatavogUpazila: SrinagarDistrict: Munshigonj


Direct: 177 (25 UDDTs)Indirect: 5000(Approx)


The project is taking place in a flood prone area. The title is 'Technical Cooperative Activities to Improve Sanitation at Rural Areas in Bangladesh focusing on Dissemination and Awareness Raising (A Piloting on EcoSan Toilets) ' The project funding ended in March 2008


double vault urine diversion and faeces separation dry toilets

Agriculture

none

no

no

US$ 32000 (= EUR 24,640)Unit cost: US$: 250 (=EUR 193)

See SPACE ECOSAN report, see http://www.spacebd.org/SPACE_in_EcoSan.pdf or see website itself: http://www.spacebd.org/Projects.php

A total of 25 constructed in this project.We have unique learning that is: People at primarily level (before constructing the toilets) there is a negative reaction for the UDD toilets, especially, to use urines and faeces in productive activities. But, they become easily motivated for using those in vegetable farming and fruit trees as they find tangible effects of the treated EcoSan products (Urines and faeces). It is easier to motivate people for efficiently and hygienically use, operate, maintain and manage the EcoSan toilets than

www.spacebd.org

Society for People’s Actions in Change and Equity (SPACE) Md. Azahar Ali Pramanik, Executive Director House No. 318 (2nd floor), Road No. 02, Baitul Aman Housing Society, Adabor, Dhaka-1207, bangladesh Tel: +88-02-9138772, Cell: [email protected]; www.space-ecosan.org

Entered/updated on 04.07.2010 by B. Abraham who received information from Mohammad Monirul Alam, UNICEF ([email protected]) via e-mail on 03.05.2010, and Md. Azahar Ali PramanikExecutive Director, SPACE ([email protected]) on 4 July 2010

http://www.spacebd.org/

35Bangladesh

Pilot, Village rural


Rural village households



Double vault composting and urine diversion toilets in rural households in 16 villages in Naogoan, Jessore, Satkhira, Gazipur districts

Village: 16, Union: 5 Upazila: Niamatpur, Sharsha, Kolaroa, Keshobpur, Sreepur, ShyamnagarDistrict: Naogoan, Jessore, Satkhira, Gazipur

Started on: Oct. 2007

Direct: 1280Indirect: 15000(Approx)


The project title is 'Resource Recycling and Sanitation improvement through Ecological Sanitation in Rural Areas' and funding ended in September 2009.



Agriculture

no

no

US$: 62000;Total UDDTs: 197 (use exchange rate of 1 USD = 0.77 EUR in July 2010 !)Unit cost: US$: 150-180School-based: 15 toilets + 10 Urinals school wise cost: US$ 1200


See SPACE documents on ECOSAN s for detailed lessons learned and challenges. Project titled' Technical Cooperative Activities to Improve Sanitation at Rural Areas in Bangladesh focusing on Dissemination and Awareness Raising (A Piloting on EcoSan Toilets) '

Four unpublished documents exist from SPACE which provide lessons learned and experiences with sanitation work in challenging areas of Bangladesh. Documents are:SPACE profile, Projects of SPACE, SPACE in Ecosan and SPACE in Water Supply.

www.spacebd.org




36Bangladesh

Village rural


Rural village households




Double vault composting toilets and urine diversion toilets in 4 rural villages in Manikgonj and Gazipur Districts

Village: 4 Union: Baliakhora and Maona Upazila: Ghior and Sreepur District: Manikgonj and Gazipur


Direct: 744Indirect: 6000(Approx)

SPACE Project title is- 'Enhancing Community-Managed Environmental Health and Resource Recycling through Ecological Sanitation'. The project funding ended in August 2008.



Agriculture

no

no

US$: 24000;Total UDDTs (Eco-Toilets): 120 (use exchange rate of 1 USD = 0.77 EUR in July 2010 !)Unit cost: US$: 150-180


See SPACE documents on ECOSAN s for detailed lessons learned and challenges. The project original title is 'Resource Recycling and Sanitation improvement through Ecological Sanitation in Rural Areas'


www.spacebd.org


Entered/updated on 04.07.2010 by B. Abraham who received information from Mohammad Monirul Alam, UNICEF ([email protected]) via e-mail on 03.05.2010, and Md. Azahar Ali Pramanik on 04.07.2010


37Bangladesh

Double vault composting and urine diversion in urban community of Rangamati

urban, pilot with microfinancing


Urban poor households



Private donations from Canada

Rangamati MunicipalityDistrict: Rangamati


Direct: 42Indirect: 200

The project original title is '' Sustainable Sanitation in Hill Tract Areas'. The project funding ended in August 2008



Agriculture

See SPACE documents on ECOSAN s for detailed lessons learned and challenges.

no

no

US$: 1500; Total Eco-Toilets: 06 (use exchange rate of 1 USD = 0.77 EUR in July 2010 !)Unit cost: US$: 200-220



www.spacebd.org




38Bangladesh

rural village


Rural household



Private donations from Canada

Double vault composting and urine diversion toilets in rural households in Bogra, Gaibandha, Joypurhat, linked to micro-financing

Upazila: Joypurhat, Gabtoli, Gaibandha Sadar

District: Bogra, Gaibandha, Joypurhat

Started on: January 2008


The original project title is 'Enhancing Poverty Reduction Efforts through Micro financing'. The project funding ended inDecember 2008



Agriculture

no

no



See SPACE Project titled' Technical Cooperative Activities to Improve Sanitation at Rural Areas in Bangladesh focusing on Dissemination and Awareness Raising (A Piloting on EcoSan Toilets) ' for details on lessons learned and challenges


www.spacebd.org




39Bangladesh

Pilot rural household and clinic/public place



rural household



CordAid through Concern Universal Bangladesh

Double vault composting and urine diversion toilets in rural communities in Bandarban, and Cox’s Bazar

Upazila: Bandarban sadar, Lama, Alikadam, Rwanchari, Ramu

District: Bandarban, Cox’s bazar


The original project title is 'Community Managed WatSan Project in South-East Bangladesh (Hill Tract Areas)' and project funding will end August 2010



Agriculture

no

no

US$: 125000; Total Eco-Toilets: 20 (Clinic based) (use exchange rate of 1 USD = 0.77 EUR in July 2010 !)Unit cost: US$: 275 -300




www.spacebd.org


Entered/updated on 04.07.2010 by B. Abraham who received information from Mohammad Monirul Alam, UNICEF ([email protected]) via e-mail on 03.05.2010, and Md. Azahar Ali Pramanik, Executive Director, SPACE ([email protected]) on 4 July 2010


40Bangladesh

pilot, action research, rural


Started on 1.10.2009

Rural households



UNICEF Bangladesh

Double vault composting and urine diversion toilets and action research in difficult rural areas in Bandarban, Gaibandha, Chapainawabgonj Districts

Upazila: Gomostapur, Chapainawabgonj, Gaibandha, Polashbari, Alikadam, Thanchi

District: Bandarban, Gaibandha, Chapainawabgonj


The original title is 'Action Research on Ecological Alternatives in Sanitation in difficult Areas of Bangladesh' part of the UNICEF SHEWAB initiative. Funding ends in January 2011



Agriculture

No

No

US$: 65000; Total Eco-Toilets: 38 (Underway) (use exchange rate of 1 USD = 0.77 EUR in July 2010 !)Unit cost: US$: 200-220




www.spacebd.org

Md. Azahar Ali PramanikExecutive Director, SPACE ([email protected]) on 4 July 2010



41Bangladesh

pilot, rural


rural household



Save the Children, USA

Double vault composting and urine diversion toilets in rural communities of Meherpur, and Naogoan Districts

Upazila: Meherpur Sadar, Porsha

District: Meherpur, Naogoan

Start: July 2009

Direct: 137

Indirect: 5000

The original project title is 'Ecological Alternatives for Sustainable Sanitation'. Funding will end in October 2010



Agriculture

no

no





www.spacebd.org

Md. Azahar Ali PramanikExecutive Director, SPACE ([email protected]) on 4 July 2010



Interesting project! Follow up with results! Paul sent e-mail to xxx on date xxx

42Bangladesh

Pilot, rural households

c/o Oxfam GB ( Bangladesh)

Start: 1.6.2009

households

Oxfam GB

Oxfam GB

Oxfam GB from USA based donor Mariposa

Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDT) in 20 flood prone villages in three districts of Sirajgonj, Gaibandha and Kurigram (large scale project)

A. 20 villages of 4 Unions of 2 Upazilas of Satkhira and Bagerhat districts.

B. 3 villages of 3 unions of 3 districts e.g. .

project 09-10: direct 7,000 and indirect 28,000 population.

project 10-11: direct 8,500 and indirect 25,000 population

The original title is 'In search of safe water options from “Pond to Pot” for coastal population and (b) latrine solutions for flood prone area of Bangladesh'. The project funding is as follows first year from 1st June 2009 – 31st May 2010. The project has again extended for another one more year starting from June 2010 - May 2011.

Separation of urine and faeces

Agriculture

no

no

Promoting double vault eco-sanitation latrine and single pit and double pit urine diversion latrine. Also trying use local materials in order to reduce its cost

US $ 170,000 for the FY 09-10 and US $ 140,000 for the FY 10-11. (use exchange rate of 1 USD = 0.77 EUR in July 2010 !)

They have just completed comprehensive evaluation of this project by independent consulting organization. draft report is readily available with us and it will be finalized by mid of July 2010. there will be a project learning sharing workshop on 12 July 2010. ( Request to share evaluation report when it becomes available)

Oxfam plans to release in July 2010 an evaluation document as well as hold a workshop on lessons learned.

Mr. Abdus Sobhan,Public Health Engineer House#4, Road#3, Block I, banana, Dhaka 1213 Tel: +8802 8813607-9, 8824440Fax: +880 2 8817402Email: [email protected]

Entered on 30.06.2010 by B. Abraham who received contact from Mohammad Monirul Alam, UNICEF ([email protected]) via e-mail on 03.05.2010. Received information and clarification from Mr. Abdus Sobhan on 30 June 2010 via e-mail.

43Belarus

Urine diversion dehydration toilets at dachas in Smilovichy Village

Smilovichy Village

2008

Rural area

Ecoproject, WECF

Ecoproject

Dutch Ministry of Forreign Afairs, WECF

Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDT) for a household and dachas (a yearly or seasonal country home)

1 household; 10 dachasAssuming an average household size of 3 (from country list), 33 users

None or partly central water supply, no sewage system

Toilets constructed under the “Developing multi-stakeholder co-operation in the areas of water, waste and energy efficiency in Belarus” project


Single and double vault UDDT

Urine and faeces as fertiliser for garden

No

House: Double-vault semi-indoor UDDT, Dacha: outdoor, single-vault UDDT with separate urine diverting equipment.



44Bhutan

Pilot rural households and schools

c/o UNICEF for project location details

1.12.2009

400 students ( approximate number).

rural households and rural community secondary and junior schools

Public Health and Environment Department under the Ministry of Health, Government of Bhutan


UNICEF

Urine diversion dehydration toilet project at Goenpasingma Lower Secondary School and village, Zobel Geog Pemagatshel

Goenpasingma Lower Secondary School andvillage under Zobel geog, Pemagatshel Dzongkhag

The title of the project, 'ECOSAN Toilet Project Goenpasingma Lower Secondary School and village, Zobel Geog Pemagatshel'. 'The main objective is to construct the Ecological Sanitation Pilot Projects in recognitionof the need for a sustainable sanitation to Goenpasingma Lower Secondary School andvillage under Zobel geog, Pemagatshel Dzongkhag with the concept of ecologicalsanitation (ecosan) for its many benefits in relation to public health, sanitation approachesprimarily aim at interrupting the cycle of pathogens and recognizing human excreta andwater from households not as a waste but as a resource for reuse providing valuablenutrients for plants. As such, this village and school have been identified for the EcoSanpilot project from East region and constructed Ecological urine diverting dry toilets asthere is water scarcity. . . This school with 350 students is located 13 kms from Pemagatshel Dzongkhag and veryclose to village with boarding facilities. At present, the sanitation facilities are inadequateand the substructures of pit latrines for boys have collapsed during the last monsoonseason. However, the school has about one acre of vegetable garden and it has been one of the leading schools in agricultural products. Due to water scarcity, the ecological urine

Agriculture in particular school gardens

UDDT

separation or urine and faeces

See 'Completion Report' for details

n/a

n/a

no

no

household latrine project- The total cost incurred in this pilot project for a single household ecosan toiletconstruction is Nu.4860.60/- (82 euros for each facility).This is exclusive of local materials (sand, gravel, timber,stones) and labor for the construction.; school latrine project (Nu.155,652.70) or (2,749.08 euros) for a total of 8 units.The school latrines are

At the end of construction phase a one day workshop was held at the school premises.The workshop was on Reuse of ecosan products (feces and urine) as manure in fields.Beneficiaries were trained and educated on hygienic reuse of urine and composted fecesin the kitchen garden. The toilets were constructed entirely by the beneficiaries themselves with technicalguidance from PHED engineers. The local materials like sand, gravel, stones, timber and

Kencho Namgyal (Mr.)WASH OfficerUNICEFThimphu, Bhutan

Phone # +975-2-331369Fax # + 975-2-323238Mobile # +975-17607423alternative e mail id: [email protected]

Entered by B.Abraham 30.06.2010 based on information received from Mr. Namygal 22 June 2010 and updated 9 August 2010 via e-mail

45Bhutan

Rural pilot project in households and school

Euyamo village and Talhogang Community Primary school in Thimpu District

c/o UNICEF or WHO Bhutan for details

Jan-09

rural households and community primary school



WHO

Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) in 18 households and one school in Euyamo Village, Teop Geog Punakha

18 households ( 90 persons based on national estimation for household size of 5 persons); and 200 students and teacher ( approximate number)

The original title of this project is ' Ecosan Toilet Project Euyamo Village Teop Geog Punakha.' The project funding will end in December 2010. 'This village is one of the last villages bordering with the Thimphu district under the Teopgeog,Punakha.The village presently had pit latrines and some households even didn’thave any latrines.There were eighteen households in this village.In the sanitation demandcreation workshop the villagers expressed great interest to construct the ecological urinediverting dry toilets.The toilets were constructed entirely by the beneficiaries themselves with technicalguidance from PHED engineers. The local materials like sand,gravel ,stone,woods andalso labor were provided by the beneficiaries. The villagers constructed the toilets usingthe mud blocks for the sub structure and mud blocks were made by themselves. Since thiswas a pilot project PHED through WHO assistance provided the hardware materials. Thetoilets were completed with ten days from the day of start of construction.' This school is located a few kilometers from this euyamo village.Children as fas asMenchuna Village in Teop goeg walk to this school.The school was using pitlatrines for


UDDT

Agriculture

Completion Report on ECOSAN Toilet Project Euyamo Village Teop Geog Punakha

n/a

No

No

The total cost incurred in this pilot project for a single household ecosan toiletconstruction is Nu.6364.50/- (Euro 112).This is exclusive of local materials (mud blocks, sand,gravel,wood,stones) and labor for the construction.;The total expenses incurred for the school toilet construction is Nu.14569.59/- (Euro 257) and isinclusive of labor and hardware costs. However,the above cost is exclusive of localSee document 'Completion Report on ECOSAN Toilet Project Euyamo Village Teop Geog Punakha' for pictures of latrine designs

Pilot project encompassed hygiene and sanitation promotion including awareness raising before introduction of new technologies. Everyone in the small village adopted the technology having 100% sanitation coverage. School facilities well received and teachers are benefiting for making use of waste. Children are supported to use the facilities at school because they are present in their homes.

Kencho Namgyal (Mr.)WASH OfficerUNICEFThimphu, Bhutan

Phone # +975-2-331369Fax # + 975-2-323238Mobile # +975-17607423alternative e mail id: [email protected]

Entered by B.Abraham 30.06.2010 based on information received from Mr. Namygal 22 June 2010 and updated 9 August 2010 via e-mail

46Bolivia

Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) for households in a rural town

Department (State) Santa Cruz: San Pedro town

2005

500 UDDT for 2000 users

Incades

Water for People

Urine diversion dehydration toilets for households in San Pedro town, Department (State) Santa Cruz

San Pedro is the central town of the municipality San Pedro. The municipality of San Pedro counts with 100.000 inhabitants. San Pedro is a rural town in the department of Santa Cruz.

The use of “pour flush latrines” and dry compost toilets (sometimes only holes in the ground) are still the most common ones. Especially since the collecting pit is very commonly kept open at the bottom, the danger of groundwater contamination and subsequently an increase in water borne diseases can be assumed.


Double-vault urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs)

450 US$ for each UDDT (include urine diversion toilet bowl, urinal, basin)

Andreas Kanzler, Introducción de Saneamiento Básico (ECOSAN) en el Programma PROPAC de Bolivia

Update 28.11.2009: Katrin Windolf

No

No

Where UDDTs were abandoned by beneficiaries, the main reason was the bad smell and due to the lack of constant assistance especially after the construction, the unawareness of the handling and reuse of urine and faeces in agriculture. So the faeces chamber got filled up in many cases and the toilet was left abandoned.

47Bolivia

Urine diversion dehydration toilets for households in Departments (States) Oruro and Beni

Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) for households

Sumaj Huasi

Sumaj Huasi

Oruro city included

Department Oruro: Oruro cityDepartment Beni

Department Oruro: 15 UDDTs for 60 usersDepartment Beni: 14 UDDT for 80 users

Oruro is the capital city of the Department (State) Oruro

Department OruroIn the peri-urban areas of the towns and municipalities on the Alti Plano, an externally organised collection and handling system (e.g. EPSA organised and subcontracted to private waste companies) might be the best choice to ensure sustainability.

Department BeniDepartment Beni is in the Amazon Lowlands. Humidity and rainfall in these semitropical areas can be extremely high during certain times of the year. The gran chaco has rain and hot humid conditions during summer from December-March. The winter months are dry. Annual rainfall ranges from 500-900 mm. The successful introduction of UDDT can be recommended also under these conditions (see NGO “Water for People” experience in Santa Cruz), although an adapted construction is recommended with special focus on best condition for faeces drying. Generally have centralised systems: lagoons as treatment.


Each urine diversion toilet bowl: 35 $US



No

No

Double-vault urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs). The toilet bowls are made of fiberglass and fabricated by TECNIPLAST in El Alto.

Reuse of the products in gardening and agriculture

48Bolivia

El Alto, Desaguadero, Puerto Acosta, Warisata cities

Department La Paz: peri-urban areas of El Alto, Desaguadero, Puerto Acosta, Warisata cities

369 UDDTs for 1845 users

Peri-urban areas

Sumaj Huasi

Sumaj Huasi

ASDI

Urine diversion dehydration toilets for households in the peri-urban areas of El Alto, Desaguadero, Puerto Acosta and Warisata cities in Department (State) La Paz and private sector development for the collection, treatment and reuse of excreta in El Alto City

Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) for households in peri-urban areas and support to private service providers for excreta collection, treatment and reuse

Since the humidity and the rainfall over the year at the "Altiplano" is extremely low, the climatological conditions for the introduction of UDDT are favourable. The danger of fouling is limited.





No

No


In El Alto city, La Paz:Supporting development of private service providers for collecting urine and faeces and ensuring proper handling (composting and reuse). Collection of urine and faeces by the company “ABONA”. The company sells the urine to vegetable producers in the area. The income generated will be used for personal costs and acquisition and maintenance of equipment. The faeces, once developed into compost, will be sold from

One model for future handling of the responsibility could be, that the EPSA will take charge of legal and commercial client relation (including tariff handling) and provide the alternative service itself or by subcontracting a private waste company. This would imply that training in alternative sanitation solutions for the responsible units in the EPSA would have to be organized and offered.

49Bolivia

Urine diversion dehydration toilets for a school in Department (State) Chuquisaca

Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) for a school

Department (State) Chuquisaca


Sumaj Huasi

Sumaj Huasi





No

No


50Bolivia

Department (State) Cochabamba

30 UDDT for 120 users

Peri-urban area

Agua Tuya

Agua Tuya

Urine diversion dehydration toilets for households, with private sector development for the collection, treatment and reuse of excreta, in a peri-urban area in Department (State) Cochabamba

Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) for households in a peri-urban area and support to private service providers for excreta collection, treatment and reuse

Only between 22% and 36% (depending on the different sources) of the rural population has access to basic sanitation

Separate urine and faeces respectively; greywater

Double-vault urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs). Composting and reuse.

600 US$ for UDDT (include urine diversion toilet bowl, urinal, basin)



No

No

Supporting the development of private service providers for collecting urine and faeces and ensuring proper handling (composting and reuse). Five Bolivians are in charge of the collection of faeces by the company “MESPAL”. Urine collection is free of charge. The collection here is offered for the 30 families every 2 weeks. It is a good idea to authorise for the collection only companies who are already experience in collecting and handling solid waste.

One model for future handling of the responsibility could be, that the EPSA will take charge of legal and commercial client relation (including tariff handling) and provide the alternative service itself or by subcontracting a private waste company.

51Bolivia

Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) for households in poor rural areas

Department (State) Santa Cruz: Saavedra, Oquinawa and Mineros

After 1997


Rural area

Bibosi

Water for People

Urine diversion dehydration toilets for households in rural areas of Saavedra, Oquinawa and Mineros, Department (State) Santa Cruz

Humidity and rainfall in these semitropical areas can be extremely high during certain times of the year. The gran chaco has rain and hot humid conditions during summer from December-March. The winter months are dry. Annual rainfall ranges from 500 -900 mm. The successful introduction of UDDT can be recommended also under these conditions, although an adapted construction is recommended with special focus on best condition for faeces drying. Generally centralised systems: lagoons as treatment.


Double-vault urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs)

450 $US for UDDT (includes urine diversion toilet bowl, urinal)



No

No

52Bolivia

Various (Andean zones of named departments)

Departments of Potosí, Cochabamba, Chuquisaca and Oruro

1999 (second phase) - 2009

29,030 inhabitants (5,587 HH-ecosan latrines) and 12,480 school children (312 school ecosan latrines)

Rural area

UNICEF Bolivia and PRODELI

PROANDES

UNICEF Bolivia

Rural household and school urine diversion dehydration toilets in the sub-regional Andean programme for basic services against poverty (PROANDES) in the Departments (States) of Potosí, Cochabamba, Chuquisaca and Oruro

Upscaling of sanitation in rural areas with urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDT) for households and schools

2nd phase: 1999-20053rd phase: 2006-2009

Open defecation is very common and is seen as an appropriate form of defecation; the preferred places are rivers and streams; traditional use of urine (fresh + fermented) and faeces (fresh) as medicine, fermented urine as cosmetics but not in agriculture; lack of manure


Urine as fertiliser; faeces as soil conditioner but most of the time not practiced

Sören

No

UNICEF ecosan latrine based on the Latin American "Letrina Abonera Seca Familiar" (Dry composting family latrine);

Estudio antropológico sore el uso de letrinas ecológicos en el área rural andina, informe del estudio (UNICEF)

53Bolivia

Urine diversion dehydration toilets as emergency sanitation, Trinidad City, Department (State) Beni

Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDT) in emergency areas

Trinidad

2007 - 2008

1,000 families (100 UDDTs), with 5,000 total users

Urban area

Sumaj Huasi, PROAPAC

Sumaj Huasi, H.A.M de trinidad

Deutsche Botschaft

Humidity and rainfall in these semitropical areas can be extremely high during certain times of the year.The gran chaco has rain and hot humid conditions during summer from December - March. The winter months are dry. Annual rainfall ranges from 500 -900 mm. The successful introduction of UDDT can be recommended also under these conditions, although an adapted construction is recommended with special focus on best condition for faeces drying. Generally centralised systems: lagoons as treatment.


Urine as fertiliser; faeces as soil conditioner but most of the time not practiced

Final report from Sumaj Huasi

Andreas Kanzler

No

No

UNICEF ecosan latrine based on the Latin American "Letrina Abonera Seca Familiar" (Dry composting family latrine);

54Bolivia

rural sanitation and hygiene improvement project

2006-2010

rural and peri-urban households

Urine diversion and deydration toilets built with local material- everything is available within communities.

Urine Diversion and Dehydration Toilets in the Departments of Cochabamba, Chuquisaca, Pando, Beni and Potosi, Bolivia

rural dispersed and semi-dispersed communities (Departments of Cochabamba, Chuquisaca, Pando, Beni and Potosi)

c/o UNICEFCalle 20 #7720 esquina Av. Fuerza Naval Zona CalacotoLa Paz, Bolivia

The scope of the program 40 municipalities in six departments: Beni, Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, Pando, Potosi and Oruro.

UNICEF with partners local governments (municipal governments); regional administrations (prefecturas), national government (Ministry of Water and Environment and Vice ministry of Water and Basic Sanitation)

national partners: local governments (municipal governments); regional administrations (prefecturas), national government (Ministry of Water and Environment and Vice ministry of Water and Basic Sanitation) and NGOs

Multi-donor funded: UNICEF, Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA), the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of The Netherlands

urine and faeces seperation

urine diversion and deydration toilets

Agriculture in some cases, nothing in other cases

n\a

No

No

• Sanitary use of family ecological latrines is not widespread, only 21% of families use them. School ecological latrines have a greater acceptance and frequency of use.• Families do not have a good acceptance for use in compost, and the compost is not used for the facilities located in schools• UDDTs have shown some limitations in the operation and maintenance, both family and in schools

FRANCK BOUVETChief of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Program, United Nations Children's FundP.O. Box 3-12435La Paz, Bolivia

La Paz-BoliviaTeléfono 591 2 277 0222Directo 591 2 262 3281

Inserted and reviewed by Paul Okan-Adjetey with info from B. Abraham based on inforamtion received from Franck Bouvet 26 of May via email.

55Botswana

Rural urine diversion dehydration toilets (after 6 years), Hanahai and Paje Villages

Urine diversion and dehydration toilets (UDDT) piloted in rural areas

East and West Hanahai Villages (Ghanzi district) Paje Village (Central district)

2001 - 2004

Rural area

Phase 1: Research and Planning: 06/2001 – 06/2002 Phase 2: Assessment and Implementation: 07/2002 – 12/2004

In total 42 UDD toilets (East Hanahai: 5 households, West Hanahai: 5 households, Paje: 11 households initially, expanded to 32 households)Average household size in 2004 was 6 people, hence approx. 252 people reached

International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) in Botswana with support from German DevelopmentService (Deutscher Entwicklungsdienst, DED; Cathrine Wirbelauer)Permaculture Trust Botswana (PTB), Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit GmbH (GTZ) in Botswana and Germany

IUCN – project coordinationPTB – implementing field component

German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation andDevelopment (BMZ) via GTZ

The sanitation conditions varied between the two settlements. The government had promoted and subsidised pit latrines in the rural areas and many pit latrines were found in Paje Village. Alternatively, people there used the bushes and men often used trees and hedge fences for urinating purposes. It was found however, that concerns existed about groundwater pollution in Paje, and that in the past, boreholes had been closed because of groundwater pollution caused by pit latrines. In East and West Hanahai, on the other hand, peoplegenerally did not have any toilets and hence were practising open defecation. All three communities were generally unaware of water toilets and not skeptic towards dry toilets. However, urine and especially faecal matter were considered dirty and to be forgotten as soon as possible. Superstitions and taboos also strongly supported this attitude.


Single - vault UDDTs; brick built composters

Urine and compost for growing vegetables

Updated Nadira ([email protected]) on 22.02.10 from SuSanA casestudy (see website above).

Yes

The cost of construction of the sanitation facilities was calculated for the toilets built in Paje (in 2003). The ground structure was estimated at 705 BWP (141 EUR), the urine diversion toilet pedestal (painted concrete pedestal, made locally in Paje) at 73.5 BWP (15 EUR), and the composter at 310 BWP (62 EUR).

Single-vault UDDTs: The first eight UDDTs were constructed according to a toilet design from South Africa (in April 2002). The faeces collection chamber of that model was built half or totally below ground and it was approximately 1 – 1.5 m deep. Two-thirds of the sub-structure was covered with a concrete slab which supported the super-structure; one-third was covered by a removable slab which could be lifted for emptying the chamber from the outside. This “below ground design” had some major drawbacks and is thus no longer recommended: some families had difficulty inmoving the heavy slab, especially those without male support; the depth of the chamber was inconvenient even for routine maintenance; and the Detailed experiences are documented in the SuSanA case study. In conclusion, it can be said that the UDDTs were successful where people were convinced of their benefits, where they had the need for sanitation, where they had been given financial support, and/or where they had been given long-term technical follow-up (for the toilets and for reuse activities).

WEDC 2000 'Sustainable on-site excreta disposal in Botswana’; IUCN 2004 ´From desert to eden with ecological sanitation in Botswana´. SuSanA Case study 'Rural urine diversion dehydration toilets (after 6 years), Hanahai and Paje Villages' (see website below)

http://www.susana.org/images/documents/06-case-studies/en-susana-cs-botswana-pajehanahai-uddtx.pdf

M. Gotaitamang, Permaculture Trust of Botswana (role: project implementation), PO Box 31113, Serowe, Botswana. T: 4632428, E: [email protected] Mpati, Permaculture Trust Botswana (role: project implementation), PO Box 005, Ghanzi, BotswanaT: 6596138, M: 71883437, E: [email protected], [email protected]

http://www.susana.org/images/documents/06-case-studies/en-susana-cs-botswana-pajehanahai-uddtx.pdf

56Bulgaria

10/2007 - 09/2010

Rural area

WECF, Earth Forever Foundation, local administration, Swedish consultants

Earth Forever Foundation

Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Fondation Ensemble France, WECF

Central water supply mostly available, no sewege system

Household, school and public urine diversion dehydration toilets and greywater treatment systems in villages of Stara Zagora, Pleven and Sofia Provinces

Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) and greywater treatment for black and grey water (soil filter) in households, schools and public buildings (cultural houses) in rural areas and testing of treated products in vegetable gardens

Stara Zagora Province (10 villages), Pleven Povince (2 villages) and Pravets municipality in Sofia Province (2 villages)

Pilot projects: 2005 - 2007UDDTs (1 public and 2 private) and a planted soil filter

10/2007 - 09/2010Implementation in 10 villages - 20 indoor household toilets, 4 new ecosan school toilets (1 outdoor, 3 indoor), 4 school projects will test sanitised urine and dehydrated faeces in demonstration vegetable garden, 10 grey-water filters will be built in 10 villages and 4 grey-water filters will be built for the schools.

Separate urine and faeces respectively; greywater; blackwater

Double-vault UDDT; constructed wetland for treatment of grey and black water

Urine is applied as liquid fertiliser and faeces as a soil conditioner

No

Double-vault indoor UDDT, local made UD seatrisers, constructed wetlands with pre-sedimentation for grey water. Public low flush toilet+ shower+ black water treatment by constrcuted wetland

Capacity building - tutoring programs, trainings, development a water safety plan for the villages. Up-scaling - case studies, cooperation with the Trakia University in designing and monitoring of the dry urine diverting toilets and development of a business plan for local production of ecological equipment.

http://www.wecf.eu/english/projects/45-bulgaria-safesanitation.phpwww.earthforever.org/en/publications.html

[email protected], [email protected] Forever Foundation: Executive Director, Mrs.Diana [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]

Analiza from Newsletter 23 dated February 2007: 27.08. 2008; Prahlad from booklet published in Jan 2008Alemayehu ([email protected]), 24.09.2009 from the website of wecf (www,wecf.eu)Dr. Claudia Wendland, Email: [email protected] 01.03.10 added information about the public toilets

http://www.wecf.eu/english/projects/45-bulgaria-safesanitation.php

57Burkina Faso

Urban urine diversion dehydration toilets and reuse, Ouagadougou

Piloting of urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDT) for households and public places in an urban area

Ouagadougou

06/2006 - 06/2009

Peri-urban area

CREPA

EU project phase: June 2006 – Dec 2009 (the municipality is financially supporting the system from January 2010 onwards)Start of planning: June 2006Start of construction: December 2007End of construction: May 2009UDDTs at 922 households and at 11 public places (such as prisons, community centres) – approx. 6,000people if 6.5 people per household toilet are assumed.(800 gardeners/small farmers trained)

CREPA in association with GTZ and the National water and sanitation authority (ONEA) with financing from EU

EU (74%)CREPA (14%)GTZ (12%)

Until recently sanitation was quite a low development priority for the landlocked West African nation of Burkina Faso. In the capital, Ouagadougou, only 19% of the population of 1.4 million people had access to basic sanitation (such as septic tanks, VIP latrines, pour flush latrines, sewerage, etc.) in 2006. With an annual population growth rate of around 5% it was difficult to maintain pace with growth – particularly in lowincome peri-urban areas of the city. The project location is the City of Ouagadougou, which is administratively divided into five districts: Baskuy, Bogodogo, Boulmiougou, Nongremasson, and Signoghin. Each of thesedistricts is administered by a council led by an elected mayor. The implementation of the project covers four sectors (of the total of 30 sectors) within the districts of Boulmiougou (sector 17 and 19), Nongremasson (sector 27) and Bogodogo (sector 30).To achieve the project objectives the project partners (GTZ, CREPA and ONEA) identified three major fields of activity. 1. Firstly, ecological sanitation (ecosan) systems are being developed with the users of these systems, responding to their needs and the local context. 2. Secondly, lobby work is being carried out at municipal and governmental level in order to create an enabling environment for ecosan and ensure its inclusion in legislation and future strategic plans. 3. This second field of activity is also serving to create the conditions for the third field, which is to support and promote the involvement of the local private sector in


Double-vault UDDTs

1,500,000 EUR (total investment of 3 year project)

Yes

Use of ecosan by-products (dried faeces, urine)To raise acceptance among the users (gardeners, farmers and consumers), it was decided to label the ecosan products. Thus, sanitised urine was sold in green 20-L cans labelled “birg-koom” in the local language (which means liquid fertiliser), while sanitised dried faeces are sold in bags labelled “birg-koenga” (meaning solid fertiliser).

Double vault UDDTs were designed for households with 6 to 7 members and the storage time for the faeces is about 6 to 8 months. But the two vaults of this size can normally cater for even up to 15 persons. The vaults are three bricks high (20 cm each) plus mortar between bricks. So, they have a total height of 65 cm, a width of 145 cm a length of 130 cm and nvolume of 1,220 L. To save costs, the urine diversion squatting pans (for double and single vault UDDTs) and pedestals (of box UDDTs) are made of concrete which is also easy to use and to maintain. Both pans and pedestals were purchased through local manufacturers who were identified and trained by CREPA within the project. Each household was given at The project team gave households the choice between double vault and single vault UDDTs. However, after a first assessment, it was decided to stop building single vault UDDTs, because of difficulties related to their management. Double vault UDDTs made of banco (adobe) bricks were also tested but soon removed as a technical option due to problems during the rainy period. Building the vault in local material was an attempt to reduce costs, but did not result in structures with the required resistance (despite vaults SuSanA case study 'Urban urine diversion dehydration toilets and reuse, Ouagadougou' (see website below)

SuSanA case study: http://www.susana.org/images/documents/06-case-studies/en-susana-cs-burkina-faso-ouagadougou-uddt-2010.pdfhttp://www.reseaucrepa.org/page/939, http://www.reseaucrepa.org/content/download/1019/8228/file/Presentation_synthÃ©tique.pdf

Project coordinator: M. Anselm Vodounhessi, E: [email protected]. A report from WSP on "Study for financial and economic analysis of ecological sanitation in Sub-Saharan Africa".CREPA siège, Bureau de coordination du projet Ecosan_UE03 BP 7112, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

29.07.2008 Christian. Updated: Alemayehu, 07.10.2009 ([email protected])

http://www.reseaucrepa.org/page/939,

58Burkina Faso

Ouagadougou

2007

CREPA in cooperation with the Ministry of Environment. For later events APLE

CREPA and event organisers (paying rent for the units)

Launch of ecosan during Film Festival with mobile urine diversion toilets and waterless urinals and use of the mobile units in subsequent events, Ouagadougou

Promotional project launched at biennial international film festival FESPACO and continued at other events since, using waterless urinals and UDDTs

6 mobile urine diversion toilets; 6 urinals for women; 9 urinals for menIn the first FESPACO event, > 15,000 users during 8 days.Since this launch in 2007, have been used in more than 20 events with 35,000 users.To calculate average number of daily users, divide 15,000 over 8 days, i.e. approximately 2,000 users per day

CREPA in cooperation with the Ministry of Environment. For later events APLE (Assoication pour la Promotion fes Latrines Ecologiques)

There are many small scale ecosan projects in West Africa, but for the general public ecosan isstill largely an unknown concept. There is a need to raise awareness beyond the pilot projectsites and better than just information is to give people the possibility to see and use dry toilets.

Separate urine and faeces respectively; beige water

Men's waterless urinals; women's waterless urinals; single- vault mobile UDDT

Fertiliser in agriculture

No

No

For system of 3 men's urinals, 2 women's urinals and 1 UD toilet and accessories (i.e for average event size), investment cost by CREPA = $671. Costs of APLE on consumbles and operation costs per average event = $190. Income of Aple from rent charged to event organiser for units = $240.

Men's urinals: jerry can and funnel. Originally light bulb placed in funnel to prevent odor and nitrogen loss, but caused splashing so replaced by a pipe at the end of the funnel. Fiberglass urinal made for VIP events. Superstructure comprising two walls placed at an angle, attached with hinges and third side of triangle closed with a curtain. Curtain filled with sand at bottom to make more wind resistant. Women's urinals: Based on pour flush pan. Elevated platform made of wood coverd with plastic carpet, pan of fiber glass.Toilet paper is placed in a bin. Cleansing water allowed to go into urine pan. Users encouraged to use small quantities of water. - Long-term goal is that APLE should pay off investment cost to CREPA and thus own the mobile units.- Original version of women's urinal had many small holes at the exit. This was replaced by single hole because fibers in the model of with many small holes absorbed urine and smelled very bad.- During FESPACO 2007 4500L urine and 150 kg dried feces obtained from 15000 users.

Dagerskog, L (2009), 'Positive spin-offs using mobile urinals and UD toilets in Burkina Faso', presented at Dry Toilet Conference 2009, Finland

http://www.drytoilet.org/dt2009/pdf/Linus_Dagerskog.pdfhttp://www.drytoilet.org/dt2009/pdf/present_Linus_Dagerskog.pdf

Linus Dagerskog, Associate Expert, CREPA HeadquartersPostal address: CREPA, 03 BP 7112, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina FasoEmail: [email protected]: +226-50366210

Analiza from Newsletter May 2007: 28.08. 2008Updated Nadira on 14.09.2009 from presentation by L. Dagerskog at Dry Toilet Conference 2009

59Burkina Faso

2008 - 2011

Rural area

CREPA, INERA (The National Agriculture Research Institute) and Ministry of Agriculture

CREPA, INERA (The National Agriculture Research Institute) and Ministry of Agriculture

EU

Urine diversion dehydration toilets and urinals to obtain fertiliser for conservation agriculture.Ouagadougou

Construction of 1050 UDDTs and 2100 urinalsAssuming average hh size of 8 (from country list), 8,400 users for the UDDTs

A three year poject financed with EU food security money. CREPA together with INERA (The National Agriculture Research Institute) and Ministry of agriculture are implementing the project that covers 30 villages. Productive sanitation is combined with soil and water conservation techniques. The methodology this far has been: Year I: Informing and training the differennt actors on the new fertilisers, urine collection with simple urinals, participative tests with pilot farmers to show the effect of urine as a fertilisers, evaluation of tests and field visits. Year II: training on conservation agriculture techniques and urine tests at scale in all villages with farmer field schools (1/village) and individual tests (35/village), supervised by the agricultural extension officers, construction of 1050 toilets and 2100 urinal for fertiliser production. In Burkina and Niger the sanitised urine and faeces have been given local names meaning "liquid and dry fertiliser". This is a great way to get over the mental barrier and distinguish between safe and unsafe human fertiliser.


UDDT

Reuse as liquid and dry fertiliser in agriculture

Alemayehu Asrat, 20.10.2009, ([email protected])

No

Dr Amah Klutsé, Head of research and demonstration programs, CREPA, Linus Dagerskog, Associate Expert, CREPA. Postal address: c/o CREPA, 03BP72, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso, e-mail: ä[email protected], Telephone: +226-50366210

interesting project funded by Plan - need to get more info!

60Burkina Faso

pilot ecosan rural schools, households

Communities of Nasséré, Rollo, Rouko, and Zimtenga in the Province of Bam, Burkina Faso

January 2008

Current

school and rural households

CREPA Burkina Faso/ Plan International

CREPA Burkina Faso and Plan international

NLNO in partnership with CREPA and the NGO known as AJPEE.

Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) in the rural communities and schools of Nasséré, Rollo, Rouko and Zimtenga in the Province of Bam

c/o CREPA CAMEROUN [email protected]

8,702 students and 74,540 people in villages (number of UDDTs built in schools and rural areas?) Is it also counting indirect beneficiaries to come up with such a large number?

The original title is 'Amélioration des services d’eau et d’assainissement de base dans les quatre communes rurales de la province du Bam au Burkina Faso pour une amélioration de la qualité de vie des enfants'. The project funding goes until December 2010.


UDDT ( Latrines ECOSAN type vietnamienne)

Intended to be used for agriculture- but appears not sufficient orientation on handling waste took place

Environ 70 000 000 CFA (approximately 106,714 Euros)

n/a

n/a

no

no

Point brought up by UNICEF Cameroun: The pilot projects carried out do not benefit from all the necessary components (materials and equipment) to allow the recipients to be able to handle and re-use the organic matter resulting from decomposition of waste water and human waste. This is a key aspect of the benefits of latrines ecological.

Gilles DJAGOUN Ing, M.Sc.;

Division Mobilisation des Ressources

Et Coordination des Projets du CREPA Siège

Bureau : +22650366210 /11

Cellulaire : +22678026870

Entered by B.Abraham 30.06.2010 based on information received from Suzanne Gbaguidi via Jane Bevan (UNICEF) 19 April 2010 and M. Bilgo 1 July 2010

Still waiting for reply regarding how many of these toilets are UDDTs exactly

61Cambodia

Community-led Total Sanitation with urine diversion dehydration toilets in Kampong Cham

Ecosan toilets (separate urine and feaces) as a part of the total sanitation campaign

Kampong Cham and Siem Reap

2006 - ongoing

Plan International - Cambodia

Ministry of Rural Development, Provincial Department of Rural Development

NORAD,..etc

Plan Cambodia, Kampong Cham Program Unit, Beoung Kok village, Boeug Iok Commune, Kampong Cham Town, Kampong Cham province

• Previous phase: - The coverage of latrine was very low 5% of household have toilet in target villages. - Community spent much time to defecate by going to bush and rice field which faced cruel animal and human. - Community spent much money for health treatment such diarrhoea, skin desease, worm...etc 2 districts, 5 communes, 29 villages, 11,600 beneficiaries

Ordinary rural villages

Plan international - Cambodia has been implementing CLTS since 2006. They constructed thousand simple pit latrines and hunderd pour-flush latrine without subsidy in both provinces Kampong Cham and Siem Reap. Toilets constructed in Kampong Cham are mostly ecosan. The community learn by themseleves how to construct them.

None

When the pit is full, the owner will dig a new hole and apply the same technologies.

The cost is less than $10 depends on roof and wall of the beneficiary.

No

Pictures are available at: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/ecosanres/photos/album/392158053/pic/list

Hang Hybunna, Project Coordinator, email: [email protected], [email protected]

No

No

• The beneficiaries choose their preferred type of latrines by themselves based on an informed choice approach. Most families opt for a dry pit latrine with a lid, econsan toiltelt and several pour flush latrines have been built in the target villages.

• Technical data and design is provided by Officer staff and Village focal CLTS person. • Around 2,000 Ecosan toilets were built by voluntary from community people through CLTS triggering.

The astonishing number of families, who built a latrine when just provided with the relevant know how, is indicating a fundamental change in the Cambodian cultural housing pattern: In rural areas a toilet is more and more considered an essential part of a home and people are ready to take action.

Alemayehu Asrat, 28.10.2009, [email protected]; Last updated by Paul Okan-Adjetey on 15 Sept. 2010 based on e-mail received by Hang Hybunna (Bunna)

Number of users unknown

62Chad

Urine diversion dehydration toilets in refugee camps of Farchana, Kounoungo and Mile

Piloting of urine diverting dehydration toilets in refugee camps

Refugee camps of Farchana, Kounoungo and Mile

In May 2009, there were 56 latrines in Farchana, 16 in Kounoungo and 16 in Mile No.of users is 440

Refugee camps

SECADEV (Chadian NGO)

SECADEV (Chadian NGO)

43% of refugees continue to defecate in the open due to the lack of latrines


No

Deep pits (2m) built with terracota bricks, which can be cleaned out manually (using spades and carts), with the contents being re-used for agriculture. The latrine is also the place where people wash. The majority of liquids (urine, shower water and water used for anal hygiene) are separated, flowing away due to the shallow incline of the concrete slab. The first emptying is due to take place in two years time.

The ecological latrines confine and sanitise excrete, they do not take up much space and they are sustainable, which helps them to save money in the long run. Project implemented but certain technical issues still need to be clarified such as the management of the by -products

Julie Panet, Researcher WASH, email: [email protected] URD-Urgence Rehabilitation DeveloppementLa Fontaine des Marins, 26170 PlaisinsT.: (33) (0) 4 75 28 29 35

6.1.2010, Laura Margarete Simon ([email protected]) the no. Of users was Updated on 22/09/2010 by Paul Okan-Adjetey ([email protected])

63China

Urine-diverting vacuum sanitation system at Tsinghua University, Beijing

Vacuum urine diversion sewerage system in a university building

Beijing

2003 - 2007

University building

China Construction Research & Design Institute, P. R. China

EnviroSystems Engineering & Technology, P. R. China

none

Sino-Italian Environment & Energy Building (SIEEB),Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China

Planning: Jannuary 2003 – November 2004Construction: December 2004 – May 2006Start of operation: February 2007

9 story building with total area of 20,000 m², capacity of 50 persons per floor, 26 squatting and 2 sitting toilets, 14 urinals; approx.: 175 person/day

The Sino-Italian Environment & Energy Building (SIEEB) is located on the campus of the Tsinghua University in northwestern Beijing and is financed by the Italian Ministry for the Enviromental and Territory and the Tsinghua University, in the framework of the Sino Italian Cooperation Programme for Enviromental Protection. Its design integrates ecological and energy-efficient technologies and shows the reduction potential of CO2-emissions in China’s building sector. On nine stories, plus the ground floor and two stories below ground SIEEB provides a total floor space of 20,000 m². The west wing of the symmetrical building is equipped with conventional water flush toilets, while the east wing is equipped with a vacuum urine diverting sanitation.

Yellowwater; brownwater; greywater

Total project budget € 20 million, € 27,000 for the vacuum sanitation system

19.05.2009 Philipp Feiereisen [email protected]

Yes

Vacuum urine diverting squatting pans; vacuum toilet; waterless urinals; urine storage tank; a brownwater storage tank; and a buffer tank for pressure compensation of the vacuum system; greywater treatment with series of coagulation, sand filtration and activated carbon process.

Rainwater, mixed with reclaimed greywater is used for toilet flushing, car washing and landscaping. There is currently no reuse of urine and brownwater and they flow to the sewer.

- Urine collected in the source-separation sitting and squatting toilets as well as the waterless urinals is drained by gravity. Faeces are withdrawn by vacuum suction. Both evacuation systems are made of PVC pipes. Transport of both fractions is carried out with minimal volumes of flush water. Greywater from the hand washing basins is also collected separately and transferred to a compact water treatment facility, where it undergoes coagulation, sand filtration and activated carbon adsorption processes.- The collection and storage station in the basement consists of a urine storage tank, a brownwater (faeces + water) storage tank and a buffer tank for pressure compensation of the vacuum system. All three tanks have a diameter of 0.6 m and a height of 2.0 m (volume 565 L). Two pumps with an installed power of 1.1 kW each generate a vacuum force of 0.4 to 0.6 bar. The vacuum in the air tight system is consistently - The vacuum urine diverting sanitation system has been newly developed for SIEEB and is the first of its kind in China. Its successful use in a modern multi-storey building demonstrates that the system is a potential alternative to more waterdemanding gravitation flush systems in urban areas.- Based on the knowledge gathered during planning and in later it was found that the system represents a technologically feasible and economically reasonable system. Accumulated data on the construction and operation are expected to provide important information for optimisation of the technology and its dissemination.SuSanA casestudy 'Urine diversion vacuum sanitation system, Beijing' (see website below)

SuSanA case study: http://www.susana.org/images/documents/06-case-studies/cn/en-susana-cs-urine-diverting-vacuum-university-beijing-2009.pdfhttp://www.tsinghua.edu.cn

Prof. Dr. Chengwen WangXu Kangning (PhD student with Prof. Wang)E: [email protected]: http://www.env.tsinghua.edu.cn/Eng

64China

Community-led water and ecosan programme, Shaanxi Province

Large-scale community-led water and environmental sanitation improvement in rural area

Villages in Pucheng, Chunhua, Yulin, Jiaxian, Xixiang, and Chenggu counties in Shaanxi province, China.

2005 - 2009

Rural area

Plan China

Respective Village Development Committees facilitated by Plan China Program Units

Government Township Project Offices

Start of planning: Jan. 2005Start of construction: July 2005Start of operation: Jan. 2006End of Project: June 2009

196,000 beneficiaries up to June 2007 (mid term of the project) based on base line survey for WES program of Plan China. More than 20,000 UDDTs have been built so far in 300 rural communities and 200 schools in six counties.

- Despite China’s remarkable growth and development, significant pockets of poverty remain in many regions. The development of poor communities is constrained by lack of access to services, unsustainable use of natural resources and unhygienic environmental conditions (e.g. fixed point open defecation, no garbage disposal, unmanaged domestic wastewater disposal, low water quality, mosquitoes breeding, unplanned disposal of animal excreta).- In the project area, in Shaanxi Province (in the North-West of China), lack of safe water supply and basic sanitation is nclosely associated with livelihood and other social issues. Poor economic conditions and lack of participation has hampered the initiation of developmental work. Due to a “top down approach” for community development projects, there is little or no participation from the community. Communities in the programme area are affected by a very high incidence of water borne diseases, particularly diarrhoea and viral hepatitis.

Separate urine and faeces respectively; blackwater

Urine and faeces as fertiliser in the agriculture and reuse of biogas unknown

Total investment: € 1.8 million up to June 2007

SuSanA casestudy 'Community−led water and ecosan programme, Shaanxi Province' (see website below)


Yes

a) Urine diverting dehydration toiletsb) Biogas toiletsc) Twin pit series latrines (double urn toilets)

Design information only for double-vault UDDT since they were the most used option:· For a household of 5 persons the unit should consist of two processing chambers, each of a volume of 0.25 m3 (50 kg per person per year x 5 (No. of adults) x 1 year = 250 kg ≈ 0.25 m3).· The entire construction is above ground and the vaults are placed on a solid floor. The size of a vault may be 0.9 m x 0.7 m x 0.4 m (depth) = 0.25 m3. 0.2 m of free space is provided, i.e. total depth = 0.4 + 0.2 = 0.6 m. Thus, final vault size is 0.9 m x 0.7 m x 0.6 m. For a smaller household the size may be reduced.· Two openings of size 0.25 m x 0.25 m are provided in each vault for the removal of dried faeces.A community, if properly mobilised and trained, is capable of identifying sanitary problems and their solutions, and is also ready to plan, design and execute the system which is useful for them. Children and women have eagerness to learn, analyse and solve their problems and manage their time in a most useful manner. One should design hygiene promotion messages with women and children in mind. Hygiene activities should suit to the women in the family and their domestic responsibility. The focus in this case

SuSanA casestudy: http://www.susana.org/images/documents/06-case-studies/cn/en-cs-china-shaanxi-plan-int.pdf

Plan China and its five programme units at PuCheng,Chunhua, Jia Xian, Yulin and Xixiang.Ms. Shi Beilei (WES Manager, Plan China)[email protected]

http://www.susana.org/images/documents/06-case-studies/cn/en-cs-china-shaanxi-plan-int.pdf

65China

Urine diversion sanitation in Olympic Forest Park, Beijing

Urine diversion and nutrient cycling in a large public urban park (demo project)

Beijing

Olympic Forest Park, Kehui Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing

2007 - 2008

Inner city parks

EnviroSystems Engineering & Technology Co. Ltd., Beijing

None

Start of planning: August 2007Start of construction: December 2007Start of operation: August 2008

Total area of 704 ha, planted area of 434 ha, 5,300,000 expected visitors/year, 4,280 staff42 public toilet blocks, 1 staff restroom --> approx.: 18,800 user per day

Dept. of Landscape Planning & Design (LPD), Planning & Design Institute, Tsinghua University, Beijing;Dept. of Environmental Science and Engineering (DESE), Tsinghua University, Beijing; Beijing Zhongyuan Engineering Design & Consulting Co. (ZEDC), Beijing;

The Olympic Forest Park lies at the northern end of the historic north-south axis of Beijing. It covers a total area ofm 704 ha and is one of the world’s biggest inner city parks.The park's topography is characterised by a man-made mountain in the south and an extensive network of waterways, lakes and wetlands expanding over 70 ha. More than 60% of the park is covered by vegetation. An average irrigation water demand of 350 mm is estimated for these areas, which is entirely provided by reclaimed wastewater. The park area lies inside a planar depression. This does not allow gravity drainage and was the starting point for the planning team at the Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University (DESE), in charge of sanitation system planning, to consider alternative sanitation solutions.

Urine; yellowwater (urine + flush water); brown water (including hand wash water); faeces

Not yet available

Yes

Joyce Ekuful 16.02.09

Low flush, urine-diverting, sitting or squatting toilets with: a two chamber septic tank system; solid-liquid separation; MBR for liquids; composting of solids (in composting plant)UDDTs- sitting and squatting toilets with collecting below the toiletsConventional flush toilets connected to the sewerConstructed wetlandFertilisation of park vegetation, soil conditioner and mulching material inside and outside of the park and treated brownwater percolation

- The average flush volume in the low-flush toilets is: for faeces is approximately 6 litres and for urine 0.1-0.3 litres. The brownwater (mixture of faeces plus flush and hand wash water) is flushed by gravity into a two chamber septic tank system. Each of the flush toilet blocks has an individual tank system with an average volume of 75 m3 (50-100 m³). The brownwater undergoes a liquid/solid separation in the tanks and afterwards passes through a biological reactor. The reactor effluent flows through open drains towards the wetlands and water-bodies. It is anticipated that a large part of the effluent infiltrates and evaporates on the way. Scum and sludge that floats and settles in the septic tanks is removed via a vacuum truck.A preliminary assessment shows that the urine tanks are currently about half fulld. This means that approx. 1000 m³ of yellow water (urine plus some flush water) has been collected in the period Sept. 2008 to April 2009. This is significantly less than the amount predicted from the model for an 8-month period (4,000 m³ yellow water was expected per year, or 2670 m³ for an 8-month period). Reasons for the lower collected amount could be that the park did not receive as many visitors as assumed in the calculations because of SuSanA case study, 'Urine diversion sanitation in Olympic Forest Park, Beijing' (see website below)

Germer, J. (2008) Ecological sanitation nutrient cycling in the Olympic Forest Park: From nutrient flow planning to cycle implementation. Available at:www2.gtz.de/dokumente/oe44/ecosan/en-ecologicalsanitation-nutrient-cycling-2008.pdf SuSanA casestudy: http://www.susana.org/images/documents/06-case-studies/cn/en-susana-cs-china-beijing-forest-park-2009.pdf

Dr. Jörn GermerE: [email protected]: www.sanergy-net.de

16.04.2009 Philipp Feiereisen [email protected]; Christina 16.9.2009 (colour changed from orange to white)

66China

Urine diversion dehydration toilets for households in Zhonghe Village, Kunming, Yunnan Province

Rural sanitation with urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDT) for households

Zhonghe Village, Chenggong, Kunming

01.2003 - 02.2005

142 households. Assuming average household size of 3 (from country list), 426 users.

Rural area

Eawag/Sandec

Kunming Institute of Environmental Sci-ence (KIES)Yunnan Academy of Social Science (YASS

Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) and the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) in the framework of the Swiss National Centre of Competence (NCCR) North South Programme

A first attempt to implement urine diversion dehydration toilets in Taishi village in 2002 was a failure both because of technical mistakes and the lack of acceptance by the villagers. In order to enhance the chance of success of a second pilot project, Eawag encouraged the knowledge exchange with specialists from neighbouring Guanxi Province, where several hundred thousand urine diversion dehydration toilets are in use. Furthermore, local social scientists from YASS did follow the villagers’ acceptance of the new sanitation system throughout the project. Both partnerships with KIES and YASS were financially supported by the Swiss NCCR North South Programme. A study tour to Guanxi province and a training course in Kunming and in Zhonghe village were organised in 2003.


Double-vault UDDT

About 85 EURO per unit.

The double-vault UDDT as implemented in other southern Chinese provinces has been chosen.

PDS 020 (see website below)

Ahabwe Gerald, 04.11.2008 email:[email protected]

No

Dried faeces were first reused as soil conditioner by the households on their own fields at the end of 2004. Urine is usually mixed with composted organic waste. The quantity of anthropogenic fertiliser available replaces chemical fertiliser to a small extent only, however. Currently compost and urine are not perceived as a significant fertiliser resource by the households due to the limited quantities.

The project was implemented quite successfully. The survey conducted shows that 90% of the households using UDDTs are satisfied with their toilets. Nevertheless, after three months several households still did not use their toilets for various reasons: some users were not involved in the selection of the toilet location, technical problems with urine pipe, and worries about increased complexity of the operation and maintenance, or simple lack of interest to change habits.

http://www.gtz.de/en/dokumente/en-ecosan-pds-020-china-kunming-2006.pdf

Coordination and project management: Eawag (Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology) Novaquatis and Sandec; Ueberlandstrasse 133, P.O. Box 611, CH-8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland; email: [email protected]

Project leader (no longer working at the Eawag):Edi Medilanski; High Performance Organisations AG (Management Consulting), Kantonsstrasse 14, 8807 Freienbach, Switzerland; email: [email protected]

NCCR “North South” Programme: http://www.nccr-north-south.unibe.ch/

http://www.gtz.de/en/dokumente/en-ecosan-pds-020-china-kunming-2006.pdf

67China

Yangzhou and Changzhou cities

Ecosan pilot projects with reuse of wastewater and compost in the ecocity programmes in Yangzhou and Changzhou, Jiangsu Province

Pilot project in an urban area with reuse of wastewater and compost (exact technologies??)

Case study 1) Huo Yu Yangzhou -around 1, 100 inhabitants; Case study 2.) Tong Jiang Changzhou- 1,300 future inhabitants

Case study 1) Huo Yu Yangzhou -located in a high density peri-uban area with old housing. Combined system of wastewater treatment with the use of existing sewer system; overflow and greywater passing to the treatment system 2.) Tong Jiang Changzhou- is located in a newly constructed. Combined system of wastewater and sludge treatment system with the use of the existing separate system and the few of the septic tanks in the catchment; storm water via a natural wetland.

Case study 1) wastewater, nightsoil; Case study 2.) Tong Jiang Changzhou- wastewater and sludge

No

Case study 1) treated wastewater for irrigation,composted nightsoil; Case study 2.) Tong Jiang Changzhou- treated night soil and treated sludge (humification) to be reused as soil amendment.

http://www2.gtz.de/Dokumente/oe44/ecosan/en-Casestudies-China-2005.pdf

[email protected]

Analiza from Newsletter 17 dated August 2005: 14.08. 2008, PN 2000.2253.3; Christina 15.9.2009 (small update and colour changed from orange to white)

http://www2.gtz.de/Dokumente/oe44/ecosan/en-Casestudies-China-2005.pdf


68China

Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) and biogas units for households and schools in a rural area

Xianrendong Village, Quibei County, Yunnan Province

2005 - 2007

Rural area

Yunnan Environmental Development Institute (YEDI)

YEDI

See lessons learnt

Ecosan project in Xianrendong Village with urine diversion dehydration toilets and biogas units for households and schools, Yunnan Province

First PhaseProject start: April 2005End of construction: May 2006End of all activities: 30th June 2006Second PhaseFirst phase: 104 household UDDTs, 1 school sanitation unit with 10 UDDTs for 80 girls and 130 boys, 10 Biogas units, water supply for the school. Overall: 600 people Second phase: Biogas plant for animal waste, additional 70 UDDTs and a school sanitation unit with 8 UDDTs. Assume 3 people per household (from country list), thus 210 users of the 70 UDDTs and assume 100 students for the school UDDTs

First phase: SwissRe Second phase: SwissRe, BORDA and the German Embassy

Separate urine and faeces respectively; blackwater

UDDT and biogas unit

Treated human waste for fertiliser and lighting from biogas

No

First phase: SwissRe with 50,000 USSecond phase: SwissRe with 50,000 SFR, BORDA 40,000 € and the German Embassy with 4,500 €

Visited in 2009 by Philipp Feiereisen ([email protected]): the household UDDTs are in bad condition, several are no more in use. The school toilets are in excellent conditions. The teachers are living on the school yard and are using the toilets themselves.

http://www2.gtz.de/dokumente/oe44/ecosan/nl/en-press-release-ecosan-yunnan-2006.pdf

Henry Voigt email: [email protected]

Christina 15.9.2009 (small update and colour changed from orange to white)Update 15.11.2009 by Philipp Feiereisen [email protected]

http://www2.gtz.de/dokumente/oe44/ecosan/nl/en-press-release-ecosan-yunnan-2006.pdf

69China

Erdos Ecotown Project, Dongsheng District, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

Dongsheng District, Erdos Municipality

2003 - 2005

Sida sponsored undertaken by SEI

The dry toilet system was changed in 2009. Ask SEI for update (now flush toilets with BORDA system is installed) - to be updated (ask Arno Rosemarin: [email protected] ); update available in thesis of Amparo E. Flores; Jennifer McConville said she would assist

Haozhaokui Village, Dongsheng District, Erdos Municipality in Northern China Inner Mongolia Autonomaus Region

Preparation: 2003Start of construction: 2004 until 2005

32 four and five storey buildings were finished in first phase and construction of a further 10 will soon be completed. More than hundred households are moving in.

The ecosan system in EETP is composed of four subsystems to treat the four waste flows from the households, namely, faeces, urine,GRW and solid waste

urine, faeces, greywater and solid waste

Qiang Zhu email: [email protected]

Analiza from Newsletter 22 dated November 2006: 21.08. 2008

No

Ahabwe Gerald, 04.11.2008 email:[email protected]

a.)Faeces Management system-is compost of urine diverting toilets, faeces drop chutes, faeces bins and bin covers and a ventilation system. Toilets in each floor have a chute for falling faeces. The chute goes to the basement where the faeces bins are located. b.)Urine drains in a urine diversion toilet and from a urinal for men. c.)All the GRW is drain through piping system to the treatment plant. The treatment plant consists of septic tank and a complex tank. d.)Eco-station is composed of GRW treatment plant, storgae pond for

the system operated as intended, however, as the system is not yet completed and the households are currently to new installations several difficulties have been encountered.At household level, one difficulty has been the addition of water to the toilet by the users. This is in part due to the unfamiliarity of the users with the dry systems, but also in part due to problems with cleaning the bowl. It is therefore necessary to find convenient ways for the users to clean the toilet without using water. Odours have been entering the http://www2.gtz.de/de/dokumente/en-introduction-sweden-china-eco-town-project-text-2006.pdf

http://www2.gtz.de/de/dokumente/en-introduction-sweden-china-eco-town-project-text-2006.pdf

70China

Rural sanitation with urine diversion deydration toilets in Guanxi Province

Large-scale rural sanitation with urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs)

Guanxi Province

1997 to unknown

Rural area

No Information

Jui San Society Local Public Health Committee

UNICEF, SIDA, Red Cross

it says that such a programme was expanded to 17 provinces in China. There are a couple of other entries for UDDTs in provinces of China, but I think if this were followed up, there should be a very large number of UDDTs in China which are currently not entered in the database. Ask Heinz-Peter Mang --> write e-mail and

Start of planning: 1997 Start of construction: 1998

Numerous villages, approx. 685,000 toilet units (by 2003). Assuming average household size of 3 from country list, just over 2 million beneficiaries.

Around 47% of the rural population in China have access to improved sanitation – with around 200 million pit latrines throughout the country. Sludge from latrines and septic tanks, mostly poorly treated, contribute to the transmission of intestinal helminth infections. Remote rural areas suffer particularly from water shortage, mainly due to a lack of access to hygienically safe water resources. This programme is being implementedin the rural areas of Guanxi province, which cover around 80% of the province area. It is one of the poorest provinces in China (income/person 2,400 RMB (220 €) annually). Households are most commonly involved in farming (rice) and small animal husbandry activities.

Sanitation coverage in Guanxi is less than 30% - below the national sanitation targets. In addition frequently occurring floods are a severe problem, as they wash out the contents of pit latrines. Since its start in 1997 in Guanxi province, the programme has been expanded to 17 provinces in 2003.


Double-vault UDDTs; tissue paper collected separately and burnt.

Approximately 7 million RMB (670.000 €) per year

No

Dried faeces are applied to plants. Urine is collected once or twice a week and directly applied to the fields in a 50% water dilution.

- 2 chamber UDDT, with a volume of at least 0,4 m³ per chamber, corresponds to a filling time of 6 months for one household.- If the toilet is built on the 1st floor, the faeces drop through a PVC pipe (150- 200 mm diameter) to the chamber at ground level.- The first toilets built in Yongning had self made ceramic pans. Now prefabricated plastic (fibreglass) is used, which is both cheap and break-resistant. They are produced in a local plastic factory. The front is improved by a higher board to prevent urine sprinkles on the floor.There are many advantages of the toilet, like no water consumption and easy and simple to construct. Diarrhoea was dramatically reduced in the villages after introduction of the toilets. Very important for convincing the village inhabitants was the selection of a model household to build a first demonstrationtoilet or a public model.

Mi Hua: Sanitation: a global issue. Presentation at the CSD 12, New York,March 2004www.gtz.de/ecosan/download/CSD12-ecosan-MiHua.pdf

http://www.gtz.de/en/dokumente/en-ecosan-pds-005-china-guanxi-2005.pdf

Mr. Lin JiangGuanxi committee of Jui San Society 29, Taoyuan RdNanning 530021, Guanxi province, PR. Chinatel: +86-771-2808433email: [email protected]

http://www.gtz.de/en/dokumente/en-ecosan-pds-005-china-guanxi-2005.pdf

71China

Ecosan toilets to improve sanitation in a middle school in Zhao Jiagou Village, Shanxi Province

Zhao Jiagou village, Tianzhen Country, Shanxi Province

Aug - Nov 2006

370 students and teachers

Rural area

CIM/ local

Improvement of school sanitation in a rural area with ecosan toilets (type of toilet???)

China association of poverty alleviation and development; Institute of energy and environment protection of the chinese academy of agricultural engineering and World Toilet Organisation

China association of poverty alleviation and development; Institute of energy and environment protection of the chinese academy of agricultural engineering and World Toilet Organisation

Sanitation conditions at Zhao Jiagou middle school were so bad that it posed a health risk to the students. A toilet complex was built, equipped with cubicles for greater privacy and handwashing facilities for improved hygiene.

GTZ wissenspeicher (there is no information on the project number)

http://www.lienaid.org/reach/china

No

Joyce Ekuful. 12.03.2009. Information from ecosan list (overview from Sören, April 2008); Christina 16.09.2009 can not find any information, Alemayehu 09.11.2009 Updated information, but not complete

72Congo Brazzaville

Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) in Ganga Edouard Primary School

peri-urban primary schools pilot project

School name: Ganga Edouard

May-07

832 students

school

CREPA Congo Brazzaville

CREPA Congo Brazzaville

UNICEF Congo Brazzaville

c/o CREPA-Congo :Avenue Marechal LYAUTEY, enceinte chateau d'eau SNDE

Tel: 00242 527 70 36 / 00242 551 46 00E-mail: [email protected]

The project is under the Government of Congo Brazzaville and UNICEF- Ecosan in schools project. The project funding ended in the same year, August 2008


UDDT

Agriculture

600,000 CFA (approximately 914 Euros)

n/a

No

No

http://www.reseaucrepa.org/page/325

Abel Ndembe NimiAdministrateur WASHUnicef BrazzavilleTel. (242) 622 50 22 / 281 50 24Cel. 242 556 52 87 / 961 16 18email: [email protected]

Entered by B.Abraham 30.06.2010 based on information received from Abel Ndembe Nimi (unicef) via e-mail from Jane Bevan 13 April 2010 and second e-mail received directly on 01.07.2010

http://www.reseaucrepa.org/page/325

73Cote d'Ivoire

2007

20 villages of total inhabitants 30,000

Rural area

SAPH agro industry

Urine diversion dehydration toilets for the workers' villages of SAPH agro industries in the rubber tree industry

Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) for the workers' villages of SAPH agro industries (rubber tree industry)

In Cote d'Ivoire, CREPA is collaborating with SAPH, an agro industrial giant in the rubber tree industry, to provide the SAPH workers' villages with urine diversion dehydration toilets. After a period of testing and evaluating the ecosan toilets in 2006/2007, SAPH decided to cover all 20 workers' villages.


UDDT

Alemayehu Asrat, 20.10.2009, [email protected]

No

The urine and compost is used as fertiliser in the rubber tree nurseries, with the aim to reduce the chemical fertiliser use.


74Denmark

Composting toilets in the House Ramshusene, Bornholm

Ramshusene, Bornholm

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Composting toilets as a sanitation system for a building complex and mixing with organic kitchen waste before reuse

8 households in one building complex. Assuming an average household size of 2 (from country list), 16 users.

Faeces and organic kitchen waste

Use of the mixture as fertiliser

-

-

-

International survey on alternative water systems. BMBF. Research-project No 02 WA 0074. Oct 01

Architect: Anne Ørum-Nielsen

No

Composting toilets: Faeces are pre-composted and heated to 70°C to reduce the volume, then mixed with organic kitchen waste

http://www.crte.lu/mmp/online/website/content/water/76/125/202/file_1306/crte_pilot_project_list.pdf

19.11.2003 InésEs gibt nur diese document (keine Information mehr)08.12.2006 Update: Sören - also did not find a lot

http://www.crte.lu/mmp/online/website/content/water/76/125/202/file_1306/crte_pilot_project_list.pdf

75Denmark

Urine separation toilets at Munkesogaard Ecovillage, Roskilde

Urine separation toilets at an ecological village

Roskilde

-

1995

-

20 houses. Assuming an average household size of 2 (from country list), 40 users

Rural area

-

-

-

The project is made up four co-housing units, each with their own community facilities. In the centre of the project is an old farmhouse which will be renovated to provide community, office and work spaces for the whole community

Urine separation toilet; urine is piped to a central tank and collected by local farmers to spray on their lands

Use of urine as a fertiliser; rainwater is reused for washing of clothes

-

-

-

http://www.habiter-autrement.org/05.eco-village/03_eco.htm

No

Urine (and?)

J.A. Wilsenach: An overview of initiatives in Europe to recover phosphate from source separated urinehttp://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/projects/phosphate-recovery/Nordwijkerhout/Wilsenach.doc

21.12.2004 Sonny08.12.2006 Update: Sören

76Ecuador

Urine diversion dehydration toilets at households in Chordeleg, Azuay Province

Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) piloted with rural households

2000 - 2001

46 inhabitants; 12 UDDTs

Rural area

CARE Ecuador

CARE Ecuador

Municipality of Chordeleg

Canton Chordeleg (communities of Celel, and sectors of the cantonal centre of Cazhalao, Ramos and Las Cuadras), Azuay Province

Start of planning: 2000Start of operation: January 2001

Rural region, located east of the city of Cuenca. Its estimated population in 1995 was 12,200 inhabitants. IIt has 27 communities.The main economic activities are diverse handicrafts of toquilla straw, wool, and agriculture. Cold climate, mountainous topography with clay soils.


Double-vault UDDT, urine storage container, greywater is disposed directly to the orchards

Faecal material as soil conditioner in the gardens, urine as fertiliser in the orchards

Total investment: 9,100 USD

Dr. Fernando Solís C., Water, Sanitation and Environmental Health Program Director; CARE

No

The faeces are stabilised by storage in 2 ventilated dehydrating chambers be-neath the toilet, used alternating from 6 months to one year. Supplementary dry-ing material such as earth, ash from artisan ovens, carpentries shavings, sometimes lime (costly) are added after using the toilet. Urine flows to an infiltration well or is in some cases collected and stored in containers to be used as fertiliser.

Main social/economic factors affecting the decision to implement a dry toilet:- Migration of husband, lack of decision-making power of women- Older people accepted easier the technology - Bigger payment required for an ecological toilet than WC with septic tank

Project Data Sheet 019 in I3-I13; [email protected] Data Sheet 19, ecosan in Chordeleg, Ecuador

http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/en-ecosan-pds-019-chordeleg-ecuador.2006.pdfpictures at https://dms.gtz.de/livelink-ger/livelink.exe?func=ll&objId=35364284&objAction=browse

09.02.2006 Dania18.12.2006 Small Update: Sören18.08.2009: Small Update Nadira

77Ecuador

Composting toilets at the Ecological Hotel Alándaluz, Manabí Province

Composting toilets and reuse as a part of ecological tourism

Machalilla, Cantón Puerto Rico, Province of Manabí, Ecuadorian coast

1996 - today

-

7 sanitary units

Hotel

Hotel Alándaluz

Hotel Alándaluz

-

Ecotourism project with integrated approach (organic farming, ecosan, bio-architecture, water protection, etc.)

Excreta and greywater

Greywater for irrigation; treated excreta as soil conditioner in the garden/ forests

-

Dehydrating material: lime, ash, sawdust

Despite treatment with lime and ash odour problems

No

Composting (?) toilets without urine separation, chambers are cleared daily and their content is burried for one year; greywater recycling

Aragundy, Jenny and Zapata, Xavier: Experiencias de la introducción del concepto de saneamiento ecológico en Ecuador; photo and description: http://www.alandaluzhosteria.com/codigo/ingles/ing_frames/fr-services.html

http://www.alandaluzhosteria.com/codigo/pages/campos.html English homepage: http://www.alandaluzhosteria.com/codigo/ingles/index.html

Dirección Hostería Ecológica: Ruta del Sol - Machalilla, Comunidad de Puerto Rico, Manabí Telf: (5934) 2780-690 / Telefax: (5934) 2780-686; E-mail: [email protected]

19.02.2007: Sören NEW08.05.2007: Yaniv; added links

http://www.alandaluzhosteria.com/codigo/pages/campos.html

78Ecuador

Constructed wetlands with reuse for a new urban settlement in Sabiango Town, Loja Province

Constructed wetlands to treat the combined sewage of a newly constructed urban settlement

Sabiango Town

Sabiango Parish, Macará Canton, Loja Province

2000 - 2001

850 inhabitants

Urban area

Honorable Consejo Provincial de Loja – HCPL (Loja Province Council)

HCPL – OPS – CARE Ecuador

Macará Municipality - HCPL – OPS – CARE Ecuador

Planning: October 2000Construction: April 2001Start of operation: July 2001

Located near the border to Peru. Annual mean precipitation 500 mm, two rainy seasons, temperatures 12 - 20 °C, main economic activity agriculture in rice fields, CARE Ecuador looked for a wastewater treatment solution, try to convince inhabitants to implement a constructed wetland.

Combined sewage

Coarse screen; sedimentation pond; Imhoff tank; horizontal flow constructed wetlands

25,000 USD of investment

Constructed wetlands are a low price solution, operation and maintenance are simple.

Final draft 10.05.2005 in I3-I13

-

No

The treated wastewater is used to irrigate rice fields downstream and the sludge collected in the Imhoff tanks is used to improve the soils of the public parks of the community

First mechanically treated through a manually cleaned coarse screen, then the WW flows to a sedimentation pond, in which the suspended soils are separated, an Imhoff tank which retains the sludge and finally two bio-filters (horizontal flow constructed wetlands) of 20 by 40 m, the constructed wetlands are waterproof in the walls and the floor.

Patricio Espinosa; [email protected] Dr. Fernando Solís C.; [email protected]

09.02.2006 Dania18.12.2006 Small Update: Sören

79Ecuador

Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDT) in a building complex

Yaruqui and Tumbaco

Cantón Quito, Province of Pichincha (Sierra-Norte)

1998

-

9 sanitary units, about 40 inhabitants served

Rural/ Peri-urban housing complex

Pestalozzi Foundation

Pestalozzi Foundation

-

Ecological living complex with flush toilets and UDDTs

Urine diversion dehydration toilets in the building complex of Pestalozzi Foundation, Pichincha Province

Separate urine and faeces respectively; greywater

Double-vault UDDT

Urine as fertiliser; faeces as soil conditioner in the garden; greywater for irrigation

-

-

19.02.2007: Sören NEW

No

Double-vault UDDT, 2-chamber system of which one is always in use without ventilation; excreta and drying material are buried in the garden or dried in external drying chambers; use of sunlight in some constructions for drying. Drying material: dry earth, lime, ash, sawdust; glass fibre or wood for the toilet construction

No flies, only very few problems with bad smell; continuous improvement of the toilets by the users; difficult maintenance when having diarreah

Aragundy, Jenny and Zapata, Xavier: Experiencias de la introducción del concepto de saneamiento ecológico en Ecuador;

80Ecuador

UDDTs

Sharamentsa (dry toilets built for the Achuar-Indios in the Province of Pastaza)

Sharamentsa, Province of Pastaza

start: 2003

10 toilets in two public places for community of 70 people

rural

Indiohilfe Germany

Urine diversion dehydration toilets for the Achuar-Indios in the Province of Pastaza (pilot project AMAZONICA)

not completely accepted by community (although training took place) --> cultural reasons; toilets are in good condition, still functioning and clean; ash, bucket for toilet paper and hand wash facilities are provided, but water and soap missing.

Lina Furch ([email protected])

20.09.2010 Stefanie Holzwarth

No

Ste

www.amazonica.org, http://www.indiohilfe.de/deutsch/index_d.htm

http://www.amazonica.org/

81Egypt

Decentralised wastewater management in Kafr El Sheikh Governorate (with reuse?)

pilot concept for wastewater treatment

El-Moufty, El-Kobra

04/2002-03/2010

present population: 2750 (in 2007)

Rural area

RODEO Consulting GmbH

Kafr El Sheikh Water and Sewerage Company (KWSC)

GTZ

Check if this is a reuse project - if not, then it should be taken out (it is in because of GTZ involvement) --> ask Martina for her contact in GTZ Egypt and then send to that person

The project is still running, and according to a field visit of a friend of mine it is still running but not with the supposed efficiency. His explanation that the decrease in efficiency is due to overloading and the drainage of animal waste into the sewer system in some locations. (e-mail by Antonius Armanious in July 2010) - [email protected]

since 1980s BMZ implements central wastewater systems in citys in towns; only 30% of the total population can be reached with these systems because most of them living in small communities

wastewater

Small bore sewer (SBS) with interceptors and stabilisation pond

treatment plant: stabilisation pond

Dr. Stefan Sennewald (GTZ, Cairo, Egypt)

Length of sewers: approx. 9 kmApprox. 500 interceptors of 1,25 m³ capacity450 clean out chambers1 pumping station with two alternatively operating submersible 3 hp pumps (stand-by generator)700 m force main from pumping station to treatment plantTreatment plant (600 m²): stabilisation pond, 2 parallel streams: anaerobic 3 days,facultative 8 days, maturation 5 days ´= total retention 16 daysownership and "Bottom-up" approach is very important to make the projeckt work longtimeinvolve all stakeholdersclear and transparent sharing of financial responsibilities at the early stageslearning by horizontal exchanges

PDF: Decentralised Wastewater Management Project Kafr El Sheikhbrief description: http://search.gtz.de/livelink-ger/livelink.exeGTZ Wissenspeicher (Project Number: 2005.2016.3)

Inserted: Christina Braum 16.9.2009 20 July 2010: Elisabeth von Münch: updated with information from Antonius Armanious (see under project phase)

82Egypt

Treatment of secondary effluent of a village to make it suitable for reuse

Village near Cairo

-

Pilot plant for effluent of 500 population equivalents

Rural area

Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe

Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe

BMBF

Improvement of the effluent quality of aerated lagoons (ponds) by membrane filtration and reuse of treated wastewater in a village near Cairo

There is an incomplete name of an Egyptian professor who was involved in the project and who works in the National Research Center, but I could not get his contact details. It needs a visit to the center to try to meet him. No information could be obtained. (e-mail by Antonius Armanious in July 2010) - [email protected]

Lagoons are widely spread because of the simple and cost-saving construction and maintenance. However, the rate of degradation and the retention of bacteria and germs are limited compared to activated sludge plants. The direct use of the effluent for irrigation purposes is not possible.

Wastewater

Membrane filtration technology

Reuse of treated wastewater for irrigation or industrial process water

-

-

2nd international symposium on ecological sanitation, april 2003

No

Membrane filtration technology: The device will be optimised to reduce water evaporation, to increase retention of pathogenic germs, the operation safety, and to reduce the costs of maintenance; operationconditions for N- and P-removal will be studied.

"http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/en-ecosan-symposium-luebeck-session-a-2004.pdf" - Brooken link

Dr. Rüdiger Furrer, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH; Mailbox 36 40, 76 021 Karlsruhe, GermanyProjektträger des BMBF und BMWA , E-Mail: [email protected];Prof. Hegemann - Technical University of Berlin. Institute for Technical Pollution ControlProf. Abdel Shafy - National Research Center

19.11.2003 Inés Es gibt nur eine Liste von "Overview on the international BMBF -project"18.12.2006 Update: Sören 20 July 2010: Elisabeth von Münch: updated with information from Antonius Armanious (see under project phase)

http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/en-ecosan-symposium-luebeck-session-a-2004.pdf

83Egypt

Luxor

The new Luxor harbour on the Nile bridge within the vicinities of Sunrise Enterprise and Habiba Restaurant

April 2004 - October 2005

Urban harbour area

Subterra constructed wetlands for treatment of wastewater from cruise liners on the Nile with reuse in agriculture, Luxor

Wastewater treatment from cruiseliners and a restaurant with subterra constructed wetlands and reuse of wastewater in agriculture

40 - 60 m3/day wastewater from 12 cruiser liners on the Nile and from the kitchen of the restaurant. Assuming an average of 50 litres per day/person, 60m3/day (60,000 litres) of wastewater means 1200 people are served .

J.krüger Pflanzenkläranlagen GmbH; Grüschow Entsorgungs-und Umweltechnik GmbH; DEG mbH; AGET Cairo

Wastewater resulting from ship transport and from a restaurant

Subterra constructed wetlands

Possible reuse in irrigation for agriculture

No

Energy consumption 4.8 kWh/d; Effluent expected COD ~ 20 - 50mg/l; Effluent expected NH4-N ~ 0.4 - 5 mg/l

www.subterra.de

Schloss DuckwitzTel : 039972/51961Email: [email protected] Emails sent to the german company involved but got no answer. No information could be obtained. (July 2010)

Abdul 20.03.06,the number of people served was updated by Paul Okan-Adjetey on 23/09/2010 [email protected]

http://www.subterra.de/

84El Salvador

Urine diversion dehydration toilets and solar toilets tested with households in rural areas

Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) and solar toilets implemented with households in rural areas

November 2000 - March 2002

Rural area

Survey of 156 households. 118 households with double-vault UDDTs and 38 households with solar toilets in 7 rural communities.Assuming average household size of 4 (from country list), 624 users.

Ministry of Health and UNICEF. Work was funded by the Thrasher Research Fund, UNICEF, The Order of Malta and the Pan American Health Organisation.

El Salvador is the most densely populated country in Central America and ecological sanitation has been promoted by the Ministery of Health, UNICEF and several non-government organisations. Double-vault UDDTs and single-vault solar toilets are intended to store faecal waste under conditions that promote desiccation and inactivation of faecal pathogens. The treated biosolids are then removed and disposed of or may be used for agricultural purposes.


Double-vault UDDT; single-vault solar toilet

Reuse for agriculture

No

1) Solar toilets were slightly drier and reached higher peak temperatures than double-vault UDDTs.2) Measurements of the temperatures of the biosolids in the vaults indicated that true aerobic composting was not occurring because the temperatures were only slightly higher than ambient temperature (see 2nd int. symposium on ecosan 2003 session C, S. 295 ff.)

Moe, C.L. and R Izurieta. Longitudinal study of double-vault urine diverting toilets and solar toilets in El Salvador. (2003) In: Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Ecological Sanitation, 7-11 April 2003, Lubeck, Germany.(Peer-reviewed section) pgs 295-302. Lana et al. (2006) Association between intestinal parasitic infections and type of sanitation system in rural El Salvador. Tropical Medicine & International Health 11 (12), 1821–1831.http://www.whsc.emory.edu/_pubs/ph/phwin05/waste_not.html;http://www.sph.emory.edu/moelab/Projects-Water.htm

Christine Moe, Department of International Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Room 760, Emory University, 1518 Clifton RD., NE, Atlanta, GA USA 30307, E-mail: [email protected] and [email protected]

19.11.2003 Inés; 07.05.2007: Yaniv, added links and publications

http://www.whsc.emory.edu/_pubs/ph/phwin05/waste_not.html;http:/www.sph.emory.edu/moelab/Projects-Water.htm

check again if use has started (contact [email protected])

85Ethiopia

Urine diversion dehydration toilets on the campus of Adama University, Adama

Demonstration project with 24 UDDT (for 400 users)

Adama

Adama University P.O. Box 1888 Adama, Ethopia

2007 - 2010 (construction started Nov. 2009)

24 UDDT units on campus. 15 UDDTs for girls and 9 UDDTs and 9 urinals for boys

University campus - urban settlement

MH Engineering , University of Adama & GTZ (ET)

Planning: end of 2007 - end of 2008To be started


Fertiliser for gardens

Not operational yet

[email protected] and [email protected]


No

Single-vault UDDT; urine storage tank; faeces co-composting with biowaste from campus; greywater: sedimentation tank and percolation reedbed

The faecal matter is collected in a bin system. The bins will be replaced in specified intervals with new ones. The empty bins are equipped with a layer of organic material (e.g. compost) at the bottom for the adsorption of liquids. The bin system has advantages in situations of misuse or too much liquid – in this case the bin can be replaced by a new one and the material collected in other bins is not affected by this dilution. The filled bins will be transported to the treatment place. Together with the added material (ash, soil or compost) and organic bio waste from other sources (kitchen, gardening etc.) it will be composted at the composting site. After emptying, the bins are cleaned and prepared for the next cycle. The faecal matter

Oldenburg et al. 2009 'Urine Diverting Dry Toilet at Adama University; http://www.susana.org/images/documents/nl32/gtz-ecosan-nl-32-ucbp-uni-uddts-poster.pdf; http://www2.gtz.de/Dokumente/oe44/ecosan/en-urine-diverting-dry-toilet-adama-university-2009.pdf

86Ethiopia

Arba Minch

Arba Minch, Ethiopia

Oct. 2006 - Sep. 2009

The population of Arba Minch is over 78,000 people

Unplanned and highly populated areas characherised with poor infrastructure

Strategic Sanitation and Waste Plans (SSWPs) in Arba Minch

WASTE

EU through ROSA

Resource-Oriented Sanitation concepts for peri-urban areas in Africa (ROSA) using several technologies, Arba Minch

Resource oriented sustainable sanitation (ROSA project) using a range of ecological sanitation technologies and reuse of nutrients and greywater

Rain fall is not the only problem of this area but natural regeneration of soil is too low to the extent that farming without fartiliser is not profitable any more. Therefore a quick and cheap solution like ecosan is very important for smallholder farmers.

The project included capacity building, contruction of UDDTs, demonstration farm, innovation (locally made UDSP) and research works.

Various

Arborloo; grey water tower; biogas unit; wetland; septic tank sludge disposal scheme

Urine and faeces and greywater reused to grow home fruit trees, vegetables etc.

Beneficiaries contributed labour force and all materials are purchased by the project

http://rosa.boku.ac.at/

Wudney Ayele, Ethiopia

Mndewa Lucas, 07.01.2009, email: [email protected]

No

Arbor Loo: Shalow and simplest pit toilets designed for home fruit treesConstruction of grey water tower for vegetable growing and plastic re-use innovations.Biogas unit at AM. Construction of wetland. Selection of site and construction of septic tank sludge disposal scheme.

(In addition: Selection of site and construction of solid waste disposal system; training of local artisans and MSE; training on solid waste separation and reuse; education on health risks and good hygienic practices; training on WHO guidelines; plastic re-use training; design and construction of hand driven carts)

https://dms.gtz.de/livelink-ger/livelink.exe?func=ll&objaction=overview&objid=51033563


87Ethiopia

Urine diversion dehydration toilets for households, Addis Ababa

Urine diverison dehydration toilets (UDDTs) for households, mostly urban.

Addis Ababa

1996 - unknown

SUDEA

SUDEA

More than 100 units, most of them in Addis Ababa.Assuming average houehold size of 5 (from country list), 500 users.

SUDEA is supported financially, morally and intellectually by over 150 members in Sweden and by the swedish government through Sida (Swedish Int. Development Cooperation Agency) & Forum Syd.


UDDTs

No

The urine is used without treatment as a fertiliser in bio-intensive gardening systemsFaeces is used after drying out and composting.

Technical problems because of low quality of available materials especially plastic items.Sanitation awareness campaigns have low priority in Ethiopia and so it was difficult to convince people.

Document PDF Format, ECOSAN - ecological sanitation Almaz Terrefe and Gunder Edström25th WEDC Conference INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT FOR WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION

SUDEA in Ethiopia; P.O. Box 31673; Addis AbabaTel. [email protected]

19.11.2003 Inés

88Ethiopia

Large-scale rural sanitation with arborloos and fossa alterna toilets for households

Country-wide

2004

Rural area

Catholic Relief Service (CRS)

Catholic Relief Service (CRS)

Providing affordable sanitation and nutrient source for food production for rural households with arborloos and fossa alterna toilets

Around 53,840 households. Assuming 5 people per household from country list, have 269,200 beneficiaries.

Ethiopian Catholic Church, Missionaries of Charity, Medical Missionaries of Mary, Organisation for Social Services for AIDS, Water Action, Team Today and Tomorrow, 'Metemamen' (Mutual trust)

The area not only lacks sufficient rainfall, but farmers lack natural fertilisers or the cash to buy commercial fertiliser.

Excreta

Arborloo and Fossa Alterna. Separate urine collection in a jerry can is also promoted.

6 - 8$ per Arborloo. Cost of Fossa Alterna is similar.

No

Arborloo: reuse of nutrients for a fruit tree or other plant.Fossa Alterna: Compost for backyard gardens.Urine as liquid fertiliser

The Arborloo is a very shalow pit that is designed to be eventually a home for a fruit tree. Desiged by Peter Morgan of Zimbabwe especially for African conditions, the toilet is the simplest of all eco-toilets. A pit about 80 cm deep and 60 cm in circumference is dug and dry leaves are added to the bottom. A single concrete slab is placed over the opening. After each use, a cup of soil/wood ash mixture is added to encourage soil composting, to reduce smell, and to discourage insect breeding. A very simply superstructure can be added for privacy. The toilet is used by the household for one year and the slab will be removed, the pit is topped up with good topsoil, and a fruit tree seedling or other plant is planted in the topsoil. As the roots grow To introduce an ecosan project, one needs trained staff and a budget for producing slabs and educating farmers. It is essential to connect the sanitation project with agricultural practices and local agronomists. Ecological sanitation is a system and needs a systems approach, having teams of sanitarians, agronomists, health workers and water supply engineers all involved and seeing the approach as a package and a system. Ideally these toilets should be part of larger water and sanitation programs that include facilities for Ecological Sanitation: A CRS Ethipia Success Story'. http://www2.gtz.de/dokumente/oe44/ecosan/nl/en-ecosan-Ethiopia-Success-Story-2006.pdf

www.crs.org/Ethiopia

[email protected], Bekele Abaire: [email protected], CRS Ethiopia

From Newsletter 23 dated February 2007: 27.08.2008. Updated from Bekele Abaire CRS Ethiopia, Addis Ababa by Alemayehu Asrat: [email protected]: on 04.11.2009

http://www2.gtz.de/dokumente/oe44/ecosan/nl/en-ecosan-Ethiopia-Success-Story-2006.pdf

http://www.crs.org/Ethiopia

mailto:[email protected],%20Bekele%20Abaire%20%[email protected]%5D

89Ethiopia

Biogas sanitation plants in seven schools in Addis Ababa, Jimma and Bahir Dar

Biogas plants as the sanitation system for seven schools in the country

Addis Ababa, Jimma and Bahir Dar

Center for Human Environment (CHE), P.O.Box 13309, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2000 - 2002

Seven biogas plants giving service to students during the day and night and teachers; 5500.

Schools

Lem Ethiopia

Lem Ethiopia

Center for Human Environment (CHE), P.O.Box 13309, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Promotion of biogas specifically using human excreta and organic household wastes has the capacity to address energy, health, economic and ecological problems and can be considered as multi-dimensional development approach in the southern hemisphere.

Blackwater

Biogas plants

CHE website: http://www.lemethiopia.org.et

Alemayehu, 11.09.2009 Information from the dry toilet conference 2009, [email protected]

No

Awareness and skill development training is very essential to own the technology. Construction of dry toilets or biogas digesters, the questions that need due attention are affordability, replicability, social acceptability and sustainability. Along with the construction of toilets for poor people, it is essential to consider installing water system to wash hands after using toilets.

90Fiji

Composting toilets and greywater reuse in a wastewater garden at a tropical resort, Beqa Island

Use of composting toilets and greywater treatment and reuse system at an ecoresort

Located south of the Suva, on Viti Levu, is Beqa Island and the surrounding Bega Lagoon

1999

Ecoresort

Center for Ecological Pollution Prevention (CEPP)

CEEP, Lalati Resort (Sustainable Strategies)

Blackwater from low-flush toilet, greywater

No

Low-flush (0.5L) toilet. Three different types of composting toilets: Greenpeace toilet, EcoTech Carousel Composting toilet, Cepp Net-Barrel System

Greywater reuse to Wastewater Gardens (The nutrient rich leachate filtered by the compost mass is combined with filtered washwater and drained to the sub-surface irrigation system in the wastewater gardens which surround the buildings).

The design concept is to integrate porcelain low-flush (0.5L) toilet to recycled polyethylene removable-batch composters located under the building.Three different types of composting toilets: Greenpeace toilet, EcoTech Carousel Composting toilet, Cepp Net-Barrel System

This system has been cited by the World Health Organization (WHO) for best ecotourism practice in sanitation.

http://www.ecowaters.org; http://www.ecowaters.org/ecosan/pacific.html; www.ecological-engineering.com

(CEPP), email: [email protected]; David Del Porto, email: [email protected]; http://www.lalati-fiji.com.

19.11.2003 Inés

http://www.ecowaters.orghttp/www.ecowaters.org/ecosan/pacific.htmlwww.ecological-engineering.com

91Finland

Dry toilets, compost toilets and greywater treatment system at a communal village

Outskirts of Kangasala town

Muurahaispolku 1-6, 8,9,11; Kangasala near Tampere

1997- unknown

Ongoing expansion of the village

9 family houses

Communal village at the outskirts of Kangasala town

-

-

-

Ecological sanitation with different types of toilets at Kangasalan Yhteiskylä communal village, Kangasala town

Founded on a warm place on south wooded hillside; public services, schools, stores are 4 km away, transportation is well organised; fresh water from communal system; prohibition of water closets.

Greywater, urine and faeces

Urine as fertiliser

-

-

13.12.2006 New: Sören

No

Greywater: septic tank series (3); fibre cleaner; evaporation pond; Dry-toilets with/without urine separation; some compost toilets; partly evaporation of urine

Asila type, dry toilet Naturum.Greywater treated in septic tank series (3), then piped into Green Rock's fibre cleaner, then evaporation pond; dry-toilets with/without urine separation, some compost toilets, partly evaporation of urine.

All dry-toilet systems need more care than water closets; time for cleaning and emptying ~ 1-3h/month; without urine separation, systems suffer from time to time from fluid overloading

http://www.yhteiskyla.net/index_en.htm

[email protected]

http://www.yhteiskyla.net/index_en.htm


92Georgia

Since 2008

Rural area

RCDA, PAROS, Speqtry, SEMA, Greens Movement Georgia, GEBMA, Foundation Caucasus Environment


Urine diversion dehydration toilets and constructed wetland for two schools, households and a training centre in Mtskheta, Zugdidi, Khashuri, Dusheti and Gori Districts.

Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDT) and constructed wetland in 2 schools, households and an environmental training centre with reuse

Mtskheta, Zugdidi, Khashuri, Dusheti and Gori Districts , Khovle, Kavtiskhevi, Kardenakhi, Chkhoria, Khabume, Nakiani, Napichkhao, Taia, Quareli, Tianeti, Qvareli (RSDA) : Ereda (Mtskheta District), Skra (Gori District), Ali (Khashuri District)-SEMA; Ninotsminda District: v.Eshtiya and v.Gorilovka-PAROS; Akhaltsikhe District: v.Qlde, and v.Tskruti - Akhaltsikhe; Kari (Mtskheta District), Dusheti (GEBMA); Khoni, Matkhodgi, Sepieti, Teklati (Greens Movement)

2 schools, 40 households, environmental training centre

Assuming average household size of 4 (from country list), 160 household users.Assuming 200 users per school (for the purposes of the summary list), 400 school users.I.e. Total 560 users.

RCDA, PAROS, Speqtry, SEMA, Greens Movement Georgia, GEBMA, Foundation Caucasus Environment, WECF

No central water supply, no sewage

Toilets made under the Empowerment and Local Action project


Double-vault UDDT (with shower- solar heated water), urinals, constructed wetland

Reuse of urine, faeces

No

Double-vault UDDT: for school toilet and environmental training centre, squatting slab from China; for households and townhall, home-made urine diverting seat or porcelaine riser. For male user extra urinals. In Tbilisi porcelaine udd seats are produced. Constructed wetland for treatment of grey water; solar heating for warm water of shower or handwashing.



93Germany

Treatment and recycling of grey- and black- waters from buildings

Kaiserslautern and Oberhausen

2006 - 2008

Federal Ministry for Education and Research

Development and combination of innovative system components from process engineering, information technology and ceramics to create a sustainable technology for water and nutrient cycles, Kaiserslautern.

1) Laboratory phase- to assess and optimise individual plant components. 2) Laboratory plant phase- 15 months (2007). Treat the separated wastewater streams of a residential building. Process engineering tested, evaluated and optimised. Function tests of sanitary products developed and the intelligent diagnosis system tested on functionality. 3) Demonstration pilot plant phase- 10 months (start 06 - 2008). Closed cyles of selected components as well as connected systems used for the first time. Single components modified as a final step. Komplett -System integrated into a bigger building.1) Lab phase- 5 population equivalent (p.e.)2) Lab plants- pilot plant stations for 20 p.e. Pilot plant stations at 8 new renovated appartment of the Bau AG Kaiserslautern 3) Demonstration pilot plant- 150 to 200 p.e. Recreation and shopping centre in Oberhausen

Low-populated, remote (decentralised), water-scarce areas

Villeroy & Boch, University of Kaiserslautern, University of Bonn, Fraunhofer, UMSICHT, EnviroChemie, ap-system

Villeroy & Boch, University of Kaiserslautern, University of Bonn, Fraunhofer, UMSICHT, EnviroChemie, ap-system

System designed for worldwide use, particularly in water scarce regions and remote, sparsely populated regions without existing water supply and disposal infrastructure or in regions with high potable water prices.

Blackwater and greywater

Check out the website of the KOMPLETT project

see contact at http://www.komplett-projekt.de/

No

No

Membrane bioreactor, ozonation, UV disinfection, activated carbon filter, ultra-filtration

Toilet rinse water, irrigation water, high quality process water, drinking water

Blackwater:Rotation screen - inlet tank - Membrane bio-reactor - Ozonation - UV disinfection - Storage tank

Greywater:Inlet tank - Membrane bio-reactor - Ozonation - UV disinfection - activated carbon filter - ultrafiltration - chlorination - storage tank

- greywater effluent quality meets highest requirements for utilisation, e.g. drinking water standards of WHO- process scheme produces high effluent qualities for separated grey- and blackwater and provides a safealternative source of water supply- blackwater effluent quality corresponds to international reuse standards for toilet flushing • nitrogen removal is limited in the biological process

http://www.komplett-projekt.de/

27.04.2009 Philipp Feiereisen [email protected] by Nadira on 31.08.09 from presentation doc by H. Knerr, University of Kaiserslautern, Institute of Urban Water Management

http://www.komplett-projekt.de/

Check with Martina if she has a link

94Germany

Assessing urine separation and reuse systems at a tourism facility as a part of the SWAMP project.

At the coast of the Baltic Sea, community of Rellin, Augustenhof

-

-

-

-

-

European Commission

Sustainable water management and wastewater purification in tourism facilities project (SWAMP) using urine separation toilets at Stranddorf Augustenhof

15 small non-seasonal houses with low energy standard and one common house. 7 urine separation toilets installed. (Assume for 14 people, if 2 people per house).

16 touristic facilities in Germany, Austria, Italy, Latvia and Lithuania are participating in the EU SWAMP project for sustainable water and wastewater concept development.

-

Urine separation toilets

Urine for agricultural use

-

-

-

-

http://www.swamp-eu.org/ENGLISH/demosites/germany1_1.html; http://www.stranddorf.de/

-

29.12.04 Sonny, Dania 09.02.2006

No

95Germany

Berching, Bavaria

Hans Huber AG; Kennwort DESAR; Industriepark Erasbach A1; D-92334 Berching

2002 - 2003

Upto 200 employees

Office building

Huber AG

Huber AG

High tech office building

Source separation, treatment and reuse sanitation system at the Huber SE office building, Berching.

Source separation of wastewater streams and on-site treatment (precipitation, composting, and membrane) and reuse at an office building

Start of construction: Sep. 2002Start of operation: Sep. 2003

Urine, brown water, grey water, rainwater

Yellow water: precipitation; Brown water: screening, composting; Greywater: membrane treatment;

Many possibilities of reuse; Costs for system are neutralised by not needing connection to sewerage

Dr. Oliver Christ; Huber Technology, D-92334 Berching, e-mail: [email protected]

Completely new: Sören 13.11.06

No

Yellow water: mineral fertiliser / irrigation; Brown water: humus fertiliser / irrigation; Greywater: washwater for toilets; Rainwater: groundwater recharge

Membrane: Ultrafiltration (VRM-technology); RESI-membrane digestion; Urine precipitation by Magnesiumhydroxide

Christ, Oliver: Stoffstromorientierte Abwasserbehandlung mit Membrantechnik am Beispiel des Bürogebäudes der Hans Huber AG; http://www.huber.de/upload/1e97676Xfacacd8f8bXY1059/433096310_aufsatz_desar_neubau.pdf

http://www.huber.de/hp365/Die-Zukunft-beginnt-bei-uns-selbst_-DeSA_R.htm

http://www.huber.de/hp365/Die-Zukunft-beginnt-bei-uns-selbst_-DeSA_R.htm

96Germany

Berlin

2003 - 2006

35 users

Urban area

Berlin Centre of Competence for Water, Berliner Wasserbetriebe (BWB), Veolia

European Union

Source separation, treatment and reuse sanitation system in buildings of the Berliner Wasserbetriebe in the Sanitation Concept for Separate Treatment (SCST) project, Berlin

Pilot project to assess separate collection, treatment (with biogas plant, composting, membrane bioreactor and constructed wetland) and reuse of urine, faeces and greywater from office and residential buildings

Buildings of the BWB (one residential bulding, one office building) on the grounds of the wastewater treatment plant Stahndsdorf.

Start of a pilot project 2002 From 2003 to 2006 as an EU demonstration projekt

Berlin Centre of Competence for Water, Berliner Wasserbetriebe (BWB), VeoliaTUHH, TUB, HUB, Otterwasser GmbH

The demonstration project is carried out within buildings of the Berlin Water Company (Berliner Wasserbetriebe), in the office building and appartment house. The operation of the gravity separation toilet concept started in October 2003 and the system with vaccum separation toilets is working since end of 2004.

No

Waterless urinal and urine storage; vacuum-separation toilets; gravity separation toilets; biogas plant (for faeces from vacuum-separation toilets + kichen waste); greywater separation and treatment with membrane bioreactor and constructed wetland; composting (for faeces from gravity-separation toilets)

Urine as fertiliser, faeces sludge as soil conditioner for agriculture and garden use, greywater reuse for toilet flushing systems and irrigation

Total Budget: 2,223,474.00 Euro (LIFE PROGRAM, EC, 465,635.00 Euro)

Process scheme available at:http://www.kompetenz-wasser.de/fileadmin/user_upload/pdf/fact_sheets/SCST_fs_2005_RZ_web.pdf

The most important findings are:- Overall, the tested sanitation concepts are functional and working;- Only 30 - 40 % of the urine could be separated with the tested toilets, not the expected 70 - 80 %;- Some technologies (toilets, faeces separator etc.) have to be improved;- The treatment of greywater with a constructed wetland is as effective as anticipated;

www.kompetenz-water.dehttp://www.kompetenz-wasser.de/SCST.22.0.html

Dr.-Ing. Anton Peter-Fröhlich, Berliner WasserbetriebeNeue Jüdenstraße 1, 10122 Berlin, Germany, [email protected]

19.11.2003 InésUpdated Nadira ([email protected]) 13.11.09 from email to E. von Muench

http://www.kompetenz-wasser.de/

97Germany

Restaurant and farm with biogas plant, Waldmichelbacher Hof, Bessenbach

1994 - 1996

Farmhouses, restaurant

Johann Wolf GmbH & Co Systembau KG, Osterhofen, Germany

Landratsamt Aschaffenburg, Amt fuer Landwirtschaft

Biogas digester for treatment of sewage, restaurant and farm waste and use of biogas for heating and electricity and digestate as fertiliser

Claus Schultes; Waldmichelbach 4a; 63856 Bessenbach (near Frankfurt a.M.)Tel: ++49-(0)6095-99 51 02; Mail: [email protected]; www.schultes-waldmichelbach.de

Start of construction: 1994Start of operation: 1996

Four families (14 people) and a restaurant with upto 260 guests.200 Ha land, 280 cattle and 50 horses

Krieg & Fischer Ingenieure GmbH, Hannah-Voigt-Str. 1, 37085 Göttingen; Mail: [email protected], www.kriegfischer.de

The family-owned farm and restaurant “Waldmichelbacher-hof” is located in Bessenbach, near Aschaffenburg,Bavaria, Germany. It occupies 200 ha of land, where 170 ha are used for grazing and fruit trees and 30 ha are used to grow fodder crops (e.g. maize and oat) for cattle and horses, and to grow field crops for the farm-owned bakery and distillery. At present the farm has 280 cattle and 50 horses. These cattle and horses livein the barn during the winter and outside on grazing land in summer. The farm produces hornless cattle for meat production and breeding purposes. Each week one cow is slaughtered, and the meat is sold in the farm shop and the restaurant. The restaurant serves up to 260 guests. Four families (14 persons) live and workfor the farm.

Wastewater

Biogas plant

Digested waste as fertiliser; biogas for heat and electricity

Total investment: 200,000 euro

No

The farm collects, treats and re-uses the liquid and solid organic waste from the farmhouses, restaurant, shop, distillery, cattle and horse barn, and the slaughterhouse in a biogas plant. The system consists of the following components:- Conventional lowflush toilets. They are installed in the restaurant and farm houses.In the planning phase the planning institution had recognized that there would be no need to install urinediversion toilet, as the urine can be used together with the anaerobically digested waste (water) as fertiliser.- 1 concrete wastewater storage tank of 100 m3. Beside acting as a storage tank it also functions as a pre-mixing tank for the wastewater from the restaurant, farmhouses, the small distillery on the farm, horse urineThe main problems in the operation of the plants were:- The digester no.1 used to have a movable plate heat exchanger between the influent waste and the effluent digested manure using the so called “Freese System”. The system did not function well and was removed in 1995. As a replacement fixed tubular heat exchangers were installed on the wall and the bottomof the cylindrical digesterSheet draft 2005. - Trip Report for Visit to Biogas-Ecosan Project near Aschaffenburg, Germany and Meet with Ecosan-China Experts, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education.

See PDS 006

http://www.gtz.de/en/dokumente/en-ecosan-pds-006-germany-waldmichelbacherhof-2005.pdf

Krieg & Fischer Ingenieure GmbHHannah-Voigt-Str. 1;37085 Göttingen;Mail: [email protected]; www.kriegfischer.de

24.11.04 Tim, Dania 08.02.0622.02.2010 Nadira (nadirakhawaja) inserted details from GTZ datasheet

http://www.gtz.de/en/dokumente/en-ecosan-pds-006-germany-waldmichelbacherhof-2005.pdf

98Germany

Composting toilets and constructed wetlands for 4-story buildings at an ecological settlement

Bielefeld

Bielefeld - Waldquelle

1994 - 2002

Ecological settlement with 4 story buildings

Architectural office Bültmann

Architectural office Bültmann

Users

Composting toilets and constructed wetlands for multi-story buildings at the ecological settlement of Bielefeld Waldquelle, Bielefeld

Peri-urban area, (55,000 m2; 40,000 m2 Bruttobauland und 15,000 m2 Landschaftsschutz) 70 containers for 270 persons (400 inhabitants in total)

Excreta, greywater

Composting toilets, constructed wetlands

Compost and greywater for garden use

http://www.berger-biotechnik.de

No

TerraNova systemsComposting toilets produced by Berger Biotechnik GmbH

The installation of composting toilets for houses upto four stories are by a vertical pipe with composting container, on the ground are several pipes, surface is reduced, problem to remove the feaces in the composting container when the container is for two families.

1. Paper (session C): “2nd International symposium on ecological sanitation”. Lübeck, Germany, April 2003.2. Excursion Photo Collection, available at: http://www.wifu.org/projs/project5/pics.html3. EPE Sourcebook:http://www.epe.be/workbooks/sourcebook/3.11.html.

Wolfgang Berger, Berger Biotechnik GmbH, Juliusstr. 27, 22769 Hamburg, Germany,E-mail: [email protected]

19.11.2003 Inés 29.12.04 Sonny

99Germany

Source separation, treatment and reuse sanitation system at Lambertsmuehle museum, Burscheid

Burscheid

Lambertsmühle 1; 51339 Burscheid

2000 - 2005

Ancient watermill, which is now operating as a museum

Separate collection, treatment (with composting and constructed wetland) and reuse of urine, faeces and greywater from a museum

Start of construction: mid-2000Start of operation: mid-2001Final Research Report: 2005

4 persons family + museum visitors.Project size, 8 p.e.

Otterwater GmbH (Engelsgrube 81, 23552 Lübeck, Germany; ph: 0049-451-7020051)

Otterwater GmbH

Ministerium für Umwelt und Naturschutz, Landwirschaft und Verbraucherschutz des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen

The “Lambertsmühle” is an old water mill that today serves as a museum, located between Wuppertal and Cologne in Germany. As part of the renovation of the building a progressive sanitation concept has been developed for the museum and the apartment in the millhouse Due to local conditions, a connection to a sewer network is not possible.

Greywater, brownwater, yellowwater

Urine used as fertiliser, composted faeces as soil conditioner

The complete investment costs for the installation were approx. 47,000 €.

No

Urine separation toilets; waterless urinals; centrifugal separation of solids and liquids; filterbag; and urine storage; composting; vertical flow constructed wetland

For the separation of urine and faeces 3 different separation toilets and waterless urinals have been installed:(1) BB-Innovation, Sweden(2) WostMan, Sweden(3) Roediger, Germany(4) Waterless urinals, Ernst, GermanyThe urine is collected in a special storage tank (volume: 4 m³, storage capacity: approximately 1 year).- Not all separation toilets proved suitable. Children in particular need special seats and shapes.- Nitrogen loss during urine collection and storage is negligible and the urine can be used as liquid fertiliser. - Under both external and greenhouse conditions, investigations showed the growth rate of plants fertilised with urine to be similar to those treated with mineral fertiliser or manure.Oldenburg et al. (2003). Nutrient utilization by urine separation - experiences from the Lambertsmühle project

See PDS 002http://www.gtz.de/en/dokumente/en-ecosan-pds-002-germany-lambertsmuehle-2005.pdfhttp://www.wupperverband.de/Forschung/Lambert/index.htm http://www.lambertsmuehle-burscheid.de/

Dr.-Ing. Martin Oldenburg, Otterwater GmbH, Engelsgrube 81, 23552 Lübeck/Germany, [email protected] or Andreas Bastian, Wupperverband, Untere Lcihtenplatzer Str. 100, 42220 Wuppertal, [email protected]

02.12.03 Inés aktualisiert mit Beitrag vom 27.10.03, Dania 08.02.06.22.02.2010 Nadira ([email protected]) from GTZ datasheet (see website above)

100Germany

Dortmund-Asseln and Selm-Bork (Northrhine-Westfalia)

-

2000 - 2003

Urban area

Fraunhofer Institut für Systemforschung, Karlsruhe

West LB-Stiftung Zukunft NRW

Decentralised wastewater treatment and reuse systems within the project 'Alternatives for urban water supply and wastewater infrastructure systems' (AKWA 2100), Northrhine-Westfalia

Development and assessment of long-term scenarios (2050) for decentralised urban water and wastewater infrastructure systems

Municipality level9,100 (Dormund - Asseln)6,700 (Selm- Bork)

Emscher-Genossenschaft/ Lippeverband, Municipalites of Dormund and Selm, RWTH Aachen, Ruhr-University Bochum, Stein & Parther Consultants, Hochtief, Roediger, Munters-Euroform

Long-term perspective (2050) on the modernisation of urban water infrastructure systems. Scenario approach as a planning tool for urban water infrastructure systems on the level of municipalities

Cost comparisons of the innovative system solutions are comparable with conventional system design.

Dr. Harald Hiessl, [email protected]; Breslauer Str. 48, 76139 Karlsruhe, Germany

No

Various innovative decentralised / on-site technologies - what tech?(for water, wastewater and energy, wastewater reuse, energy production from biowastes and from wastewater treatment sludges, potable water from rainwater, dual distribution systems).

(Wastewater, nutrients, rainwater)- for what?

Final report, technical. Final report: H.Hiessl et al. (2003): Alternativen der kommunalen waterversorgung und Abwaterentsorgung - AKWA 2100. Band 53, Schriftenreihe Technik, Wirtschaft und Politik. Physica-Verlag, Heidelberg, 2003.

19.11.2003 Inés aktualisiert mit Beitrag vom 01.09.03

101Germany

Urine and brownwater separation (and partial treatment) at the GTZ main office building, Eschborn

Urine separation toilets and on-site treatment of separate wastewater streams of an office building

Eschborn

2005 - 2009

Office building in urban area

GTZ, ecosan sector project

GTZ

Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH, Dag-Hammerskjöld-Weg 1-5; 65760 Eschborn, Germany

Phase 1Start of construction 2005Start of operation: end of 2006 (ongoing) Phase 2: Research project (treatment and reuse): planned to start mid 2009Out of 650 employees, restaurant and conference rooms served by the urine separation system --> approx.: 400 users/day.23 waterless urinals, 50 urine divertsion flush toilets

GTZ, BMBF, HMULV

An enterprise for international cooperation, working for sustainable development worldwide, GTZ will implement a modern system for the separate collection and reuse of urine and possibly a treatment and reuse system for blackwater (mixed brown- and greywater).

Urine, blackwater (mixed brown- and greywater).

Total sum (without VAT) 165,518 DU + additional costs 114,540 €

[email protected]; http://www.gtz.de

Christina Werner, GTZ ; Tel.: +49 6196 79-0; http://www.gtz.de

Dania 10.02.2006

Yes

Waterless urinals; urine diversion flush toilets; a separate piping system for undiluted urine collection; urine storage tanks

Reuse of urine for agricultural research.

Waterless urinals (23 are installed): The Keramag waterless urinals (model Centaurus), which are made of sanitary porcelain, are equipped with a flat rubber tube as odour seal and a sieve made of high-grade steel.The flat tube opens when urine flows through it. The sieve traps pubic hair which could otherwise stop the flat rubber tube from closing properly.Urine-diversion flush toilets (50 are installed): The toilets by Roediger (model NoMix) have two separate bowlsfor urine and brownwater collection and two pipe connections for the separated wastewater fractions. They are made of sanitary porcelain. The urine is collected undiluted (without flush water) by means of a valve located below the urinal bowl: the valve is opened when the user sits down. There are two buttons for toilet flushing; the smaller button is for the urine flush, which releases about 1-3 L of water, and with the larger

Waterless urinals: The cleaning staff changes relatively often at the GTZ facilities. It has been found that thorough instruction of the staff which is responsible for the maintenance of the urinals is sometimes lacking. These problems are slightly reduced by replacing sieves and rubber tube seals with a new, optimised model but if maintenance is neglected, then these will also cause odour problems. As a result, the urinal sieves, and rubber tube seals were in some instances not cleaned for many weeks or months. http://www.susana.org/images/documents/06-case-studies/en-susana-cs-germany-eschborn-haus1-2009.pdf

102Germany

Freiburg

Walter-Gropius-Str. 22, 79100 Freiburg

2000

Construction finished, part of treatment (anaerobic treatment unit) waiting for starting to work

Urban area

Fraunhofer Institut Karlsruhe (Innovative Systemtechnik)

DBU

see Tagungsband Panesar and Lange

Vacuum toilets with on-site wastewater treatment and reuse system for a residential and office building at Vauban, Freiburg

Vacuum toilets, treatment of blackwater with anaerobic digestion, treatment of greywater on-site and reuse of biogas and effluent, at an eco-building

1 building with 16 residential flats (30 adults, 10 children) and 4 offices24 vacuum toilets and a biogas and greywater treatment system

TBW, FrankfurtAG Technologietransfer, Umweltschutz, Raumplanung und Stadtökologie (ATURUS)

Blackwater, greywater

No

Vacuum toilets; vacuum station; biogas digester; biogas storage and post-fermentation tank; greywater treatment installation; rainwater reuse

Greywater for irrigation and flushing vacuum toiletsDigested sludge for agricultural use Biogas used to run the gas stirrer in the biogas reactor and cooking in the kitchen.

Vacuum system: investment - DM 73,500; operation - € 30 per hh and year Greywater system: investment - € 15,000; addtional monitoring costs (1st year only) - € 4600

Vacuum toilet:The needed vacuum of 0.5 bar for flushing the toilets is produced by the central vacuum station (type PE30, Roediger) in the basement of the building. By pressing the flush button a membrane valve opens for two seconds resulting in an under pressure. In these seconds 15 - 20 litre of air and 1 litre water is used to flush the toilet. The waste stream is than transported towards a reservoir behind the toilet. This reservoir is a development of Roediger and has a capacity of circa 9 litre of wastewater. Up to 5 - 6 flushes are stalled inside this reservoir and when this reservoir is full it automatically empties itself with the help of 60 - 70 litre of air. The wastewater is subsequently transported to the collecting tank in the

Koetse, E. 2005. The implementation of DESAR concepts in two projects in Germany. Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands

http://www.passivhaus-vauban.de/download.htmlhttp://www.vauban.de/aturus/www.vauban.de/wa

Dr. A.R. Panesar; email: [email protected] [email protected]: Arbeitsgemeinschaft Technologietransfer, Umweltschutz, Raumplanung und StadtökologieWalter-Gropius-Straße 22, 79100 Freiburgfon: 0761-456833-34; fax: 0761-456833-37; email: aturus(at)vauban.dehttp://www.vauban.de/projekte/aturus/

Update: Yaniv 30.07.07. 22.02.2010 Nadira ([email protected]) inserted details from Koetse publication above.

http://www.passivhaus-vauban.de/download.htmlhttp:/www.vauban.de/aturus/www.vauban.de/wa

103Germany

Vacuum toilets and greywater on-site treatment and reuse system at an office building

Frankfurt

Palmengartenstr. 5-9, 60325 Frankfurt am Main.

2001 - 2002

Office building in urban area

RKW Architektur and Städtebau lp5 Ingeneurpartenerschaft

Rhode, Kellermann, Wawrowsky/Fran

Vacuum sewerage and greywater recycling at the Ostarkade office building of the KfW Bankengruppe, Frankfurt

1 building (16,611 m2) with 350 offices, 300 workplaces and 13 apartments

The Ostarkade building contains many innovative facilities and combines economic and ecological demands.

Greywater, sewage, rainwater

60 vaccum toilets, 20 vacuum urinals, rainwater catchment, greywater separation

Greywater reuse for flushing systems and cleaning water, rainwater use for irrigation

No

Vaccum system: investment - € 80,000; maintenance - 1550 €/y; electricity - 500 €/yGreywater system: investment - € 50,000;Roughly estimated annual return rate of 2 - 5% (system lifetime of 20 - 30 years)

The vacuum system was supplied by Roediger Vakuum und Haustechnik. Greywater treatment system supplied by ACO Passavant. Greywater operates at a capacity of ca. 500 l/h and produces bathing water quality.

The toilet and treatment facilities are well accepted by users and operating staff. Problems occured with pipe blockages during the first 3 months.The greywater treatment system was originally designed exclusively to treat greywater, but now also receives wastewater from the buildings and kitchen, thus causing problems with the system performance. The membrane system in particular has had problems and needed to be adapted to much higher pollution load in water. It would be better to treat highly charged 3 PowerPoint presentations on CD von Lars Späth Roediger Vakuum + Haustechnik: Vacuum Sewerage Systems (2) and Vacuum Systems Photo Presentation;Koetse, E. 2005. The implementation of DESAR concepts in two projects in Germany. http://www.kfw.de/DE/Service/OnlineBibl48/KfWUmweltbericht_engl.pdf

http://www.ip5.de/projekte/start.htmlhttp://www.gtz.de/en/dokumente/en-ecosan-pds-001-germany-frankfurt-kfW-2005.pdf

Martin Selig, ip5 ingenieurpartnerschaft, Karl-Hoffman-Str. 7, 76137 Karlsruhe,Tel. 0721 -38489090, [email protected]

Sören: combined Analiza+old info, 29.07.08update: Yaniv 30.07.072.12.2003 Inés, dania 08.02.06

http://www.ip5.de/projekte/start.htmlhttp:/www.gtz.de/en/dokumente/en-ecosan-pds-001-germany-frankfurt-kfW-2005.pdf

104Germany

Ecological settlement in Allermöhe, Hamburg

Composting toilets and constructed wetland for an urban housing area

Hamburg

1983 - 2003

36 Houses. 114 inhabitants. End of 2003: 124 inhabitants . In 2009: 140 inhabitants

Urban social housing

Ökologisches Leben Allermöhe e.V

Environmental Authority Hamburg, German Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Housing

c/o Helge MangoldFanny-Lewald-Ring 92a21035 Hamburg; Germany

Start of planning: 1983Construction period: 1985 - 2002 (in stages) Building of the last two houses in 2003 (implementations of high energy conservation standards)Start of operation: 1986 (in stages)

Berger Biotechnik (composting toilets), AWA Ingenieure (constructed wetland)

The ecological settlement is part of the new district Neu- Allermöhe, where 3,800 residential units were built between 1982 and 1994. It is a very green area with relatively low buildings (all less than 4 floors), 15 km southeast of Hamburg city centre. The eco-settlement in Neu-Allermöhe-Ost (New- Allermöhe-East) consists of 36 single-family houses with approx. 140 inhabitants aged from 0 to 99 years. All inhabitants are owners of their houses and none of the houses are rented out. The two-storey twin and terraced houses differ in architecture to avoid uniformity. They are arranged around three small court yards: north, middle and south. The area of Allermöhe has many small canals. The entire area of the settlement has a high groundwater table.

Compost is used in the garden

Yes

Excreta (optional: add organic kitchen waste and garden waste to the excreta stream), greywater, rainwater

Composting toilets, constructed wetland(low-energy housing, solar technique, rainwater harvesting)

Delivery and installation of 1 complete Terra Nova system with 2 toilets,approx. 6,500 EUR (in 2009) Total costs for constructed wetland were € 95,000.

Composting toilet system: Each toilet is connected to one straight chute to the composting container in the basement. Up to 4 toilet pedestals can be connected to one composting container. Used toilet paper is thrown into the toilet and organic kitchen waste can be added as well. The containers have a chamber size of 1.5 - 3 m³ and are delivered with a starter bed consisting of 600 litres absorbing material (compost). This waterless toilet system saves about 40 litres of water per capita per day compared to a conventional flush toilet (10 L per flush) which adds up to 2,044 m³ water savings per year for the whole settlement. Specifications: The toilet seat has a special oval design and offers enough security when being used by General:· User involvement in, and ownership of the technology is veryhigh due to the common vision which was the basic idea ofthe eco-settlement.· Ownership is higher when the inhabitants are owners of thehttp://www.susana.org/images/documents/06-case-studies/en-susana-cs-germany-hamburg-eco-settlement-in-allermoehe-2009.pdf

SuSanA Casestudy, 'Ecological settlement in Allermöhe, Hamburg' http://www.oekosiedlungen.de/Liste/Bilder_Liste/Seiten/20_2_Allermoehe.htm and http://www.oeko-siedlung-allermoehe.de/

Ökologisches Leben Allermöhe e.V.; c/o Helge Mangold; Fanny-Lewald-Ring 92a;21035 Hamburg, Tel.: 040-735 72 4; Email: [email protected]

02.12.03 Inés 06.10.03aktualiziert mit Beitrag vom 06.10.03. Dania 08.02.06 Update 19.05.2009: Philipp Feiereisen

http://www.susana.org/images/documents/06-case-studies/en-susana-cs-germany-hamburg-eco-settlement-in-allermoehe-2009.pdf

105Germany

Composting toilets and constructed wetland for a residential area at Braamwisch, Hamburg

Composting toilets and constructed wetland in an urban social housing area

Hamburg

Braamwisch 31, 22175 Hamburg

-

-

40 houses. Assuming average household size of 2 (from country list), 80 users


-

Ökologische Siedlung Braamwisch e.V.

-

Low-energy housing community

Greywater, excreta, rainwater


-

Significantly reduced water consumption

-

www.oekologische-siedlung-braamwisch.de

19.02.2007 Sören Update

No

Composting toilets; septic tank; downflow constructed wetland (Solar energy - photovoltaic water warming system, rainwater catchment)

Compost toilets (Finnish and Swedish types) for human excreta and kitchen waste; greywater via septic tank and a downflow constructed wetland. 0.5 cm high-pressure inflow pipes of PPMD for constructed wetlands.

Kurt-Werner Mosert; Ökologische Siedlung Braamwisch e.V.; Braamwisch 31, 22175 Hamburg; [email protected]

106Germany

Hannover

Hägewiesen, 30657 Hannover

1995

5 apartment buildings (with 104 apartments), school, church and farming area prox: 800


Stadtwerke Hannover and others

BauBeCon AG with Stadtwerke Hannover AG

Aquaplaner engineers

Multiple sanitation technologies for decentralised treatment and reuse at Oeko-Technik Park, Hannover

Urine diverting toilets and vacuum toilets combined with constructed wetland and other technologies for on-site treatment and reuse for a living area with homes, church, school and farmland

Urine, brownwater, blackwater, greywater, rainwater

ca. 190,000 €

www.oeko-technik-park.de

No

Waterless urinals, urine diversion toilets, vacuum toilets, vertical flow constructed wetlands, mini rotating biological contactor plant, greywater evaporation bed, eco-bathtubs

Urine should be used as fertiliser, faeces as soil conditioner after fermentation (but dont know if practiced, utnil 2005 it was not practiced), rainwater and greywater reuse for irrigation, toilet flushing.

• 2 constructed wetlands (one for 24 and one for 1 apartment), both constructed as vertical flow systemswith reed plants (saving appr. 1000 m³ drinking water per year).• A mini wastewater treatment plant using rotating biological contactor technology for 6 apartments (12inhabitants) for the greywater from the bath tubs and washing machines in the same building (saving appr.200 m³ drinking water per year).• 2 Rainwater reservoirs for rainwater coming from the church and farm building roofs (saving appr. 200 m³of drinking water per year and flat).Satisfaction and savings of 50% of the water and energy demand, to be economically feasible, water and energy prices would currently have to be raised by 30%. Greater efforts for operation and maintenance are required.Constructed wetlands: The constructed wetlands work satisfactorily and reliably. The treated water is clear, colourless and odourless. It is storable and has bathing water quality in accordance to the EU Directive. The plant works even at temperatures of temporarly minus 20°C. Nevertheless there have been some small problems during operation: In the constructed wetland at the BauBeCon building 200 litres of sewage http://www.gtz.de/en/dokumente/en-ecosan-pds-007-germany-hannover-oekotechnikpark-2005.pdfSee PDS 007

Thomas Hesse; Stadtwerke Hannover AG, Ihmeplatz 2, 30449 Hannover, Tel. 0049-511-430 2842, [email protected]

Dania 08.02.06Nadira ([email protected]), 22.02.2010, inserted information from GTZ datasheet

http://www.gtz.de/en/dokumente/en-ecosan-pds-007-germany-hannover-oekotechnikpark-2005.pdfSee%20PDS%20007

107Germany

rural upgrading

Holzwickede

Emscherquellhof, centre at the head of the Emscher River

2002 - 2006

Construction time: 2002 - 2006, Operation time: since 2006

26 total population (Einwohnerwerte)

rural area

Emscher River Association

Emscher River Association

-

The Emscher River Head Centre - decentralised wastewater treatment with separation of brown, grey and yellowwater

Due to the the local situation and the high costs for reconstruction of the sewerage to the wastewater treatment plant: decentralised wastewater treatment and reuse, recycling of grey and rainwater. The building is an office/seminar room building of Emscherverband (rough estimate for table: 40 people)

grey, brown, yellow and rainwater

Grey and rainwater reuse for toilet flushing; Urine for agriculural use as fertiliser

Invest cost: 76600 €; Operating costs: 2000 €/year

ww.dwa.de/KA

Korrespondenz Abwasser, Abfall 2009; Silke Geisler, Emschergenossenschaft / Lippeverband

01.03.2010, Marthe Roestel

No

Urine separation toilets, waterfree urinal for yellwowater storage, brown and greywater pretreatment, septic tank, and biological treatment, constructed wetland.

Yellowwater:with maximum of capacity and 6 month storage, 56 l/d yellowwater, and the size of the cistern is 6 m³ with a double wall, a leackage warning system and a manual level indication.

Some of the grey and rainwater is reused for toilet flushing.

Grey and Brownwater:The waterfree urinals run undisturbed. The urine separation toilets: Problems with the crystallisation of Urine and clogging of the sewer.The wetlands had problems in the beginning with other plants.The dimension of the urine cistern and septic tank were adequate.

Presentation by Silke Geisler on 10 March 2010: http://www.susana.org/images/documents/07-cap-dev/b-conferences/10-bmu/03-de-Geisler-Emscherquellhof-und-Dahler-Feld-Geisler-2010.pdf

108Germany

Hitzacker (Elbe), District Lüchow-Dannenberg, Lower Saxony

2003

-

-

European Commission

Sustainable water management and wastewater purification in tourism facilities project (SWAMP) using reedbed treatment at the Elbterassen Wussegel tourism facility, Hitzacker

Reed bed treatment systems at a tourism facility as a part of the SWAMP project. Reuse not known

The Elbterrassen Wussegel is a popular tourist cafe directly on the shore of the river Elbe. It is located in the Lower Saxony biosphere reserve „Elbtalaue“ in District Lüchow-Dannenberg. At weekends during the summer there are in the Elbterrassen up to 600 guests daily. Reedbed treatment system designed for 40 p.e.

AWA-Ingenieure Dr. Bahlo & Ebeling, Gartenstraße 36, D-29525 Uelzen, Tel. 0581 – 30733E-mail: [email protected], www.awa-ingenieure.de

Implementation of water saving technologies.4 pits from 5 pits will be used as septic tank. The 5th pit will be adapted to a pump station with control function to store the wastewater. The maximum of wastewater amount at weekends will be distributed to a weekly cycle. So the max. wastewater amount does not cross 4 m3 per day. In comparison to the calculation according to DIN, the dimensioning could be reduced about 70 %.


Wastewater

RBTS (Reed Bed Treatment System)

ca. 22,000 €

29.12.04 Sonny // 10.07.09 René Schweizer

No

Sea level: 20 m Capacity: Seats: up to 150 inside and up to 150 outside Dimensioning (according to DIN) 40 p.e. Wastewater production: Daily volume: 0.5 - 12.0 m3

Monthly volume: 15.0 - 120.0 m3

Surface area: 133 m2

An economic comparison was done with calculation of investment, operational and yearly costs between a technical SBR-treatment plant and a reed bed system with vertical flow. The result: the reed bed system is the cheaper solution.

www.awa-ingenieure.de/pdf/Wussegel-Flyer-deutsch.pdf

Hans Huber AG, Maschinen- und Anlagenbau, Industriepark Erasbach A1, 92334 Berching, Tel: ++49-(0)8462-20 10, Fax: ++49-(0)8462-20 18 10, Mail: [email protected]

http://www.awa-ingenieure.de/pdf/Wussegel-Flyer-deutsch.pdf

109Germany

Composting toilets and constructed wetland with reuse for a residential area at Hassee, Kiel

Composting toilets and constructed wetland in an urban social housing area

Kiel

Am Moorwiesengraben 22, 24113 Kiel-Hassee

1990 - 1993

90 inhabitants


Ökologische Siedlung Hassee

Werkgemeinschaft für Architektur und StädtebauDipl. Ing. Buhse, Damm, Hahn, Rose, Schulze

Gemeinschaftshaus mit Infozentrum, Saal, Kindergarten und Energiezentrale, Pflanzenkläranlage 20 Wohneinheiten in Einzel-, Doppel- und Reihenhausbauweise.Trinkwasserhaushalt: Schonung des Grundwassers und sparsamer WasserverbrauchTrinkwasser nur für notwendige Zwecke sparsam verwenden Komposttoilette in allen Häusern spart Trinkwasser und Kläranlagenkapazität Siedlungsinterne Pflanzenkläranlage für Restgrauwasser (Küche und Waschen) dadurch Verantwortung für den Wasserkreislauf direkt erlebbar Wasserverbrauch in der Siedlung Moorwiesengraben: 61 l / Person / TagZum Vergleich:Durchschnittlicher Wasserverbrauch in Deutschland: 163 l / Person / Tag Regenwasserhaushalt: Größtmögliche Rückhaltung und Nutzung, naturnahe Versickerungminimale Flächenversiegelung Grasdächer auf allen Gebäuden Zisternen am Haus Feuchtbiotop offene Regenwasserabläufe

Greywater, excreta, rainwater


10.07.09 René Schweizer

No

Composting toilets, constructed wetland (low-energy housing, solar technique, rainwater catchment,communal heating / power station)

ca. 1,125 EUR/m²ca. 4,75 Mio EUR Gesamtbaukosten

http://www.oekosiedlungen.de/moorwiesensiedlung/steckbrief.htm schulze-architekten.de/9200_direkt.htm

nordlicht.uni-kiel.de/agenda21/projekte/moor.htm

Barbara Rösner-Wersig, Axel Steude and Hartmuth Kluth Verein Moorwiesenhaus; Am Moorwiesengraben 22; 24113 Kiel; Tel.: 0431/680863

http://www.oekosiedlungen.de/moorwiesensiedlung/steckbrief.htm%20schulze-architekten.de/9200_direkt.htm

http://www.nordlicht.uni-kiel.de/agenda21/projekte/moor.htm

110Germany

Knittlingen

Am Römerweg in Knittlingen near Pforzheim, Baden-Württemberg

2004 - 2007 (ongoing in 2008)

c. 100 real estates planned with 350 inhabitants

Housing development area

Stuttgarter Fraunhofer-Institut für Grenzflächen- und Bioverfahrenstechnik IGB

Decentralised water and wastewater treatment and reuse for a housing development area through the Decentralised Urban Infrastructure Systems (DEUS 21) project, Knittlingen

Rainwater harvesting and use, vacuum toilets with decentralised treatment of wastewater and kitchen waste and reuse of effluent for irrigation at a new housing development area

Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung BMBF. Other partners: Fraunhofer-Institut für System- und Innovationsforschung (IS), Karlsruhe; ISA der RWTH Aachen (university research partner); 9 industry partners

Wastewater (+ kitchen waste), stormwater

11.10.04 Tim // 23.7.08 Elisabeth von Muench

No

Vacuum toilets; vacuum sewage; advanced WWTP (anaeroibc membrane bioreactor with rotating disk filters)

Treated wastewater will have bathing water quality and is discharged to a river, or infiltrated into the soil or used in irrigation.

Vacuum toilets connected to vacuum sewage, together with kitchen waste (shredders in households) is pumped to advanced WWTP in the central Water House. The WWTP is designed for 50 people but can easily be extended. Membrane bioreactor with two rotating disk filters. MBR is anaerobic (operating at ambient temperatures). Remaining N and P will be upgraded to fertiliser.

Rainwater is collected and piped to the Water House, where it is treated with rotating disc filters. Afterwards it goes into a piping system back to the users who can use it for showers, washing machine or toilets (in drinking water quality). Central rainwater storage tank of 300 m3. Currently the trial period has just finished. Now an upscaling is planned to cover 100 properties with 350 inhabitants.

www.igb.fraunhofer.de (http://www.igb.fraunhofer.de/WWW/GF/water/dt/GFWM_215_DEUS_KN.dt.html)

Prof. Dr. Walter Trösch; Fraunhofer-Institut für Grenzflächen- und Bioverfahrenstechnik IGB; Nobelstraße 12; 70569 StuttgartE-Mail: [email protected]; Telefon: 07 11/9 70-42 20, Fax: 07 11/9 70-42 00

http://www.igb.fraunhofer.de/WWW/GF/water/dt/GFWM_215_DEUS_KN.dt.html

111Germany

At the river Elbe, Community of Lenzen, East Germany.

2007

-

-

-

European Commission

Sustainable water management and wastewater purification in tourism facilities project (SWAMP) using vacuum toilets and waterless urinals at the Burg Lenzen tourism facility, Lenzen

Vacuum toilets and waterless urinals at a tourism facility as part of the SWAMP project (treatment system and reuse?)

A Hotel with the capacity of: Hotel beds 34; Restaurant seats 40; Room of seminars 40; max. number of guests 120 (= 120 p. e.).Vacuum toilets 30, waterless urinals 8

Burg Lenzen is an old castle, which shall be reconstructed as a hotel with 34 beds, providing catering, trade and seminar promotion.


Agriculture reuse

-

-

-

-

-

29.12.04 Sonny // 09.07.09 René Schweizer

No

Vacuum toilets and waterless urinals (Water saving technologies at: washbowls 37, showers 26)

112Germany

Ecological housing estate at Flintenbreite (vacuum toilets and constructed wetlands), Lübeck

Lübeck

1995 - 2002

117 apartments in twin houses, terraced houses and blocks of flats appr. 350 - 380 inhabitants

Urban housing area

Otterwater GmbH

Infranova GmbH & Co. KG, Flintenbreite 4, 23554 Lübeck

-

Vacuum toilets, treatment of blackwater with biogas digestion and greywater with constructed wetland, and reuse of biogas and digestate at an ecological housing settlement

Flintenbreite 423554 Lübeck

Start of planning: 1995Start of construction: 1999Start of operation: 2002 (except the blackwater reactor, not yet)

Situated to the west of Lübeck, consists of 117 accommodations in twin and terraced houses; planned as a car-free settlement; holistic ecological approach incl. Architecture, landscape planning, social cooperation, energy and sanitation

Blackwater, greywater, rainwater, solid biowaste

Yes

Vacuum toilet; vacuum sewerage; thermic hygienisation; biogas plant; sedimentation unit; vertical flow constructed wetland

Biogas used for power and heat; agricultural use of digested sludge; no use of greywater, diversion to receiving water

Sanitation system: € 600,000; Investment 40% higher than for the common system, while operation costs are estimated to be 25% less

Vacuum toilets (system Roevac by Roediger): Vacuum canalisation of 50 - 65 mm diameter, laid in asawtooth profile in the same line with other supply media (cost saving).Biogas plant: in mesophile operation (37°C) with preliminary hygienisation (1 hour at 70°C). The remaining time in the reactor is 21 days.

- Construction delays and low uptake of houses lead to mal-fuctioning of biogas plant.- The separation of different wastewater flows is possible for a high standard housing area of approx. 350 inhabitants with no operating problems. - A relatively high load of phosphorous in the greywater is caused by washing-up liquids. Washing powder tablets in particular contain up to 30% phosphorous. The inhabitants could be convinced to use different brands, which reduce the P-load in the greywater by 15%.SuSanA case study, 'Ecological housing estate at Flintenbreite, Luebeck'. See website below.Lübecker EXPO Siedlung Ökologische Wohnsiedlung Flintenbreite Lübeck, Informations-Forum 01.2000

www.flintenbreite.deSuSanA case study: http://www.susana.org/images/documents/06-case-studies/en-susana-cs-germany-luebeck-ecological-housing-bobx.pdf

Dr.-Ing. Martin OldenburgOtterwater GmbHEngelsgrube 81, 23552 Lübeck, Germany0049-451-7020051; [email protected]

02.12.2003 Inés; 27.10.2003 aktualisiert mit Beitrag10.02.2006 Dania19.02.2007 and 21.02.2007 Sören - UpdateUpdate 22.02.2010 Nadira ([email protected]) from SuSanA case study

http://www.flintenbreite.de/

113Germany

Wacholderhof 17; 71540 Murrhardt-Steinberg

1996

-

-

Rural farm and conference centre

Wacholderhof e.V.

Wacholderhof e.V.

-

Rural farm and ecological conference centre with biogas plant and constructed wetland at Wacholderhof, Murrhardt

Biogas digester for treatment of blackwater and animal faeces and constructed wetland for treatment of other wastewater with reuse, at an ecological centre cum farm

Located in the centre of a nature park; heating with wood from own forest, solar energy and wind energy in planning, organic farming

Household wastewater, animal faeces

Biogas plant; constructed wetland; rainwater harvesting

200,000 Deutsch Marks (subsidised at 50%)

Expensive maintenance, labour and time intensive operation (manual feeding of the digestor)

Telefon: 07192 - 7710; Fax: 07192 - 1412; e-mail: [email protected]

21.02.2007 Sören NEW

No

Biogas to energy which is supplied to the local energy network; digested sludge used as fertiliser especially in the fodder fields

Decentraised biogas plant for anaerobic treatment of wastewater with codigestion of animal faeces and oil waste.Use of an old opel vehicle engine for electricity generation.Rest of the farm wastewater is treated via a constructed wetland.Rainwater harvesting and use as service water.

http://www.wacholderhof-ev.de/index.html

http://www.wacholderhof-ev.de/index.html

114Germany

Greywater recycling in Hotel Arabella Sheraton Am Büsing Palais, Offenbach

Greywater collection, treatment and reuse at a hotel

Offenbach

4-star hotel located in Offenbach, has a capacity of 380 beds, 211 rooms

Urban area: hotel

Ingenieurbüro Nolde & Partner

Arabella Sheraton Frankfurt

Arabella Sheraton Hotel, Am Büsing Palais.Berliner straße 11163065 Offenbach am Main.

04/1995 - 01/1996

When the construction of Arabella Sheraton in Offenbach was planned, the greywater collection, treatment and recycling system was not included. The idea came out during the hotel construc-tion process. So the existing system was built in the garage on two parking lots.

According to the initial design wash basins were placed at the opposite site from baths/showers, so the greywater from wash basins was not included in the greywater recycling system, for the reason of sparing extra draining pipes. Besides recycled greywater from bathes and showers is enough for toilet flushing.

Greywater, rainwater

Settling tank; rotating biological contactor; UV disinfection; service water tank

Greywater reuse for toilet flushing; rainwater for watering green areas

100,000 Euro (200.000 DM)

http://www.graywater.com; http://www.nolde-partner.de;

No

The greywater collection, treatment and recycling system is designed for a capacity of 20 m3/day (400 beds). It takes 35 m2 to place the treatment facilities. It was designed on an estimation of 70 to 90 liter of greywater to be produced per day per person and 50 to 70 liter water required per day per overnight for toilet flushing. There were no existing legal minimum quality requirements for recycled greywater in Germany, but the quality of the treated greywater was designed to meet the specific quality standards issued on a leaflet by the Berlin Senate Department for using recycled greywater in building and housing. Only environmentally sound and corrosion resistant materials are employed: PE and polypropylene (PP) tanks,PE bio-rotors, stainless steel V4A shafts and bearings, zinc-plated steel fittings for the tanks, and PE, PP, stainless steel and copper pipes.- The cleaned greywater is odourless, clear and free of suspended material. The user suffers no loss of comfort in comparison to the use of drinking water. According to the hotel, no customer complained.- The primary settling tanks originally installed were market products for rainwater storage. They were made from recycled polyethylene (PE). After some time of operation the first two tanks cracked due to insufficient quality and were replaced by new PE tanks. The new tanks are functioning well. http://www.gtz.de/en/dokumente/en-ecosan-pds-018-germany-offenbach-arabella-2006.pdfSee PDS 018

ArabellaSheraton Am Büsing Palais Frankfurt; Am Büsing Palais, Berliner Straße 111; Offenbach 63065, Germany;

19. 11.2003 InésDania 09.02.06 Nadira ([email protected]) inserted information from GTZ datasheet.

http://www.gtz.de/en/dokumente/en-ecosan-pds-018-germany-offenbach-arabella-2006.pdfSee%20PDS%20018

115Germany

Visitor Center in the national park Jasmund, Rügen

1998 - 2004

293,547 visitors in the year 2007.

Visitor Center in the national park Jasmund, Rügen

Vacuum toilets with on-site wastewater treatment and reuse system for the visitor centre of the national park Jasmund, Rügen

Vacuum toilets, treatment of blackwater with anaerobic digestion, treatment of greywater on-site and reuse of biogas and effluent, at the visitor centre of a national park

Feasibility studies: 1998Opened: 2004

Vacuum toilets; waterless urinals; biogas plant; greywater recycling system

Use of biogas; use of digestate in agriculture

http://www.aquaplaner.de/

No

Reduction of demand of drinking water of about 80 %:; 5 percent by water saving fittings (2.5 litre per min at washing basins); 12 percent by dry urinals; 43 percent by vacuum-toilets; 21 percent by greywater-recycling. No emissions to the Baltic sea and the surrounding ecosystem. Recycling (agricultural use) of 750 kg nitrogen and 150 kg phosphorus each year. Production of 1,900 m³ biogas each year. Negligible change of local water balance. 25 % reduction of costs (investment and running costs)

Klaus. U: Zero Emission Concept for Water and Wastewater Management, Project Rügen, Germany http://www.aquaplaner.de/nph-ecosan-gtz.pdf

Uwe Klaus Aquaplaner - Consulting engineers for sustainable water managementZur Bettfedernfabrik 1, 30451 Hanover, [email protected]

11.11.03 Inés 29.12.04 Sonny adding the publication 09.07.09 René Schweizer

116Germany

The tourist area of Lüneburger Heath, Dittmern, community of Soltau.

-

-

-

-

-

European Commission

Sustainable water management and wastewater purification in tourism facilities project (SWAMP) using urine diversion toilets at the Park Moräna See tourism facility, Soltau

Urine separation toilets and waterless urinals at a tourism facility as part of the SWAMP project (treatment system and reuse?)

Park Moränasee is a typical camping site located in the tourist area of Lüneburger Heath, Dittmern, community of Soltau. The site is providing 565 stands for caravan and tents


-

-

-

-

29.12.04 Sonny

No

Implementation of water saving technologies (e. g. waterless urinals, urine separation toilets).Separate rainwater treatment by a french drain.

During the summer season (April - Oct.) when the influent is reaching it´s maximum level, the treated wastewater collected will be reused for agricultural irrigation

http://www.zer0-m.org/phpatm/index.php?action=downloadfile&filename=SWAMP_Guidelines.pdf&directory=Guidelines&PHPSESSID=c98be285fdb571c735d0c3d6364c3ae6 http://www.constructedwetlands.eu/swamp/ENGLISH/demosites/germany3_1.html

http://www.zer0-m.org/phpatm/index.php?action=downloadfile&filename=SWAMP_Guidelines.pdf&directory=Guidelines&PHPSESSID=c98be285fdb571c735d0c3d6364c3ae6

117Germany

Hamburg

Jenfeld, City zone Bezirk Wandsbek, Hamburg

2010 - 2013

2009

Urban area

Hamburg Water Competence Network

Conversion of the former Lettow-Vorbeck Barracks into a new residential area.

Vacuum toilets and biogas plant as a part of the Hamburg Water Cycle concept implementation in a new residential area in Jenfeld, Hamburg

Vacuum toilets with treatment of blackwater in biogas digester and use of heat and power in a new residential development area

720 accommodation units. Approximately 1440 people served (assuming 2 people per household, from country list).

Greywater, blackwater, rainwater

No

No

Vacuum toilets; surface area filtration; rainwater collection pond; biogas plant; water recirculation; aerobic and phosphorus elimination pre-treament steps.

Watering of green areas; circulation through channels and cascades for beautification and micro-climate improvement; heat and electricity generation; potential for nitrogen and phosphorus recovery.

Blackwater:- vacuum toilets use 1L water/flush (i.e. blackwater < 10% of household wastewater) - black water taken to nearby biogas facility, mixed with biomass and used for combined heat and power generation. Part of electricity used to run the drainage network. Sludge will be initially given to the Köhlbrandhöft treatment plant. In the future nitrogen and phosphorus recovery will be done. Rainwater:- Open drainage to a central pond. Bottom of pond is lined to always hold a minimum amount of water also in dry months. Storage space is for 30 year rain event. Above the minimum level, water is sent via a throttle to the receiving stream. To prevent eutrophication and lowering oxygen levels, the water is circulated over cascades which are fitted with P removal filters.

Schonlau, H et al.(2008) 'Pilotprojekt für ein ganzheitliches Entwässerungskonzept in Städten', Korrespondenz Abwasser, Abfall, Vol 55, No. 10.

www.dwa.de/KA

Nadira on 31.08.09 from article in Korrespondenz Abwasser, Abfall

http://www.dwa.de/KA

118Ghana

Ecological development of Valley View University, Accra

Water saving and reuse sanitation systems linked with agriculture development at the university

Accra

Valley View University, Accra, Ghana

2003 - 2009

Institution (university)

Consortium as above

German Ministry of Research and Education (BMBF)

Pre-phase: 2003-2005BMBF funding ends in 2009 but the project is likely to continue with other funding or just run by university itself

2500 people on the campus (staff and students) - most, but not all, live on the campus. In future, up to 5000 people (in about 2013)

Consortium: Bauhaus University in Weimar (BUW), University of Hohenheim (UHOH), Ecological Engineering Society (IÖV), Berger Biotechnik Ltd., Palutec Ltd.

University campus covers 121 hectares. In 2001, water was delivered to the campus by truck. Wastewater disposal used to take place in septic tanks decentralised for each building. Within the ecological development of VVU, agriculture is challenged to produce crops for the supply of the cafeteria and the local market, while offering environmentally sound and hygienically safe disposal solutions for valuable and nutrient-rich sewage water, thus closing the nutrient loop. For this purpose, VVU has reserved an area of about 20 hectares for farming on campus. The poor nutrient status and the low water holding capacity of the soil along with very light precipitation make efficient use of soil fertility enhancing resources an absolute must.

Urine, faeces, wastewater, bio-waste and left-over from the kitchen (plastic bags are now also recycled)

Specific technologies not clear, a little bit of everything mentioned

See on website below

Gunther Geller Project coordinator email: [email protected]

No

Urine, greywater, composting of septic tank sludge are utilised on the VVU own farmland for growing various crops

Installations for treatment and management of black water, greywater and rainwater, urine and biogas (?). Waterless urinals and water saving separation toilets.

The success of the physical measures was very much depending on care, training, acceptance and the choice of the special responsible perons. A qualified supervision of the buildings by a construction manager is essential.

https://www.uni-hohenheim.de/respta/agric.php; www.ioev.de

Updated in Sept. 08 by Elisabeth von Münch (after speaking to Mr. Geller). He said he would still send some financial information; Christina 16.9.2009 (colour changed from orange to grey)

https://www.uni-hohenheim.de/respta/agric.php

119Ghana

Combined treatment of faecal sludge and organic solid waste for reuse in agriculture.

Kumasi

Buobai, 15km eastwards of city centre of Kumasi, Ghana

2001 - 2002

Urban area

Pilot scale co-composting of faecal sludge and organic solid waste, Kumasi (currently not in operation)

Start of planning: 07/2001Start of construction 10/2001Start of operation: 02/2002

Total land area covered: ~500 m². City of Kumasi has 1 million inhabitants; but only a fraction of the faecal sludge is treated. Text from SuSanA case study: Of the 500 m³ /d of faecal sludge produced, only 1.5 m³/day istreated in the pilot plant. Kumasi has a full-scale faecal sludgetreatment plant (formerly, the faecal sludge treatment plant at

Joint planning by 4 institutions led by International WaterManagement Institute (IWMI):· International Water Management Institute (IWMI);executive institution· Department of Water and Sanitation in DevelopingMinistry of Foreign Affairs, FranceNCCR North South, SwitzerlandKEZO, Switzerland

The overall faecal sludge treatment situation in Kumasi is as follows, according to Vodounhessi and von Münch (2006) “The collection companies discharge the collected FS at the privately operated FS treatment plant (FSTP) at Dompoase and there is now no longer illegal FS dumping in the city. This has been successful through the strictness of the District Assembly rules and the community participation in denouncing defaulters. The FSTP is located at the Dompoase solid waste landfill site and consists of five anaerobic, one facultative and two maturation ponds to treat FS and landfill leachate. The facility became operational in January 2004. The treated liquid effluent is mixed with the underground drainage from the solid waste landfill and discharged into Sisai River without further treatment, despite questionable effluent quality (based on visual observation; no analytical data available)."

Faecal sludge and organic solid waste

Compost for growing cereals and vegetables

Capital investment costs: 16,500 €

Yes

1) faecal sludge drying on unplanted drying beds and2) windrows co-composting of dried faecal sludge (FS) andorganic solid waste (oSW).

Two unplanted drying beds were built with a surface area of 25 m2 each (to hold 15 m³ excreta with a depth of 30 cm). They consist of different layers of a gravel-sand filter material of different thickness and particle sizes. The composting area is a roofed and sealed composting pad of 10 x 12 m. The composting pad has a slight slope of 1% towards the centre where a narrow drainage channel is located. This serves as a drainage system in case of leachate generation. The maturation area is a roofed and sealed pad of 7 x 6 m. These can be applied for similar climatic conditions and faecal sludge characteristics in other countries.Functional improvements of the drying beds are necessary to guarantee a continuous and sustainable compost production. Improvements are needed on the filter quality and how to control the effect of rainfall.The co-composting plant has experienced the following operational problems:· Occasionally, long delays in waste delivery to the site occur (due to logistical problems with the waste collectors) which consequently cause a disruption of the operation.http://www.susana.org/images/documents/06-case-studies/en-susana-cs-ghana-kumasi-cocomposting-2009.pdf

http://www.google.de/search?q=Co-composting+faecal+sludge+%26+organic+solid+waste

For further information contact:Dr. Olufunke Cofie (IWMI)T: +233-244-741703F: +233-21-784752E: [email protected]

Update 19.05.2009: Philipp Feiereisen.Updated on the 23rd of september by Paul Okan-Adjetey. [email protected]

http://www.susana.org/images/documents/06-case-studies/en-susana-cs-ghana-kumasi-cocomposting-2009.pdf

http://www.google.de/search?q=Co-composting+faecal+sludge+%26+organic+solid+waste

120Guinea (Conakry)

sanitation improvement project

Ansoumaniya, Dubréka, Kissidougou, Conakry, Kindia

2003-2010

To be determined(TBD)

primary school

UNICEF

Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) in schools in Ansoumaniya, Dubréka and Kissidougou, Conakry, Kindia, Guinea

c/o CREPA Guinée (Conakry) BP 1278 ConakryTél. Portable (+224) 60 55 02 13E-mail:[email protected]él: (00224) 64 30 33 81 (00224) 60 57 35 27

CREPA Guinea Conakry


This project falls under the Government of Guinea Conakry and UNICEF Program• In Guinea l' ecological cleansing was introduced by CREPA in 2002 through a research program comprising four areas (sociocultural, technical, agronomic and medical). Results were obtained from a pilot village (Ansoumaniya, Dubréka) and presented the 1st forum of research of CREPA in 2004 in Ouagadougou. • Decentralised, and integrated project in Kissidougou Zone (2006) Promotion of hygiene in the schools: 5,000 pupils in two schools in Conakry have access and use UDDT latrines , drinking water in the classrooms and handwashing facilities at the entrance of the toilets. Also committees have been set-up for children, headmasters and PTAs. As a result, schools are now able to manage the infrastructures of water and cleansing, and maintain cleanliness in the schools and follow basic hygiene practices at the critical times. Approximately 8 schools have benefited from the countruction of 32 facilities in total, under UNICEF's support


UDDT

Agriculture

n/a

n/a

No

No

• CREPA continues the popularize ECOSAN [UDDT], in particular in Kindia where there is school and community latrines. The collection of the urine from the school is used for certain market-gardening groupings of Kindia. The outcomes have been to some degree researched based with agricultural institutions. However the products from the latrines have been used to grow a substantial amount of produce, mostly research based: household flour, bananas, egg plant, cucumber, corn and other items

Madina BahWES OfficerUNICEF Conakry, BP: 222République de GuinéeTél. Bureau : (+224) 62 66 34 10Mobiles: 60 55 02 13 / 64 39 72 45Sat.Fax : +874 762 708 086E-mail : [email protected]

Entered by B.Abraham 30.06.2010 based on information received from Madina Bah (unicef) via e-mail from Jane Bevan 14 April 2010

121

Guinea (Conakry)

School sanitation and hygiene improvement project

Kindia

2007-2008

previous phase


schools



CREPA Guinea Conakry and Local Government

9 facilities built in two schools

Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) in schools Bamban High School and Séguéyah Primary School (Kindia)


seperation of urine and faeces

Agriculture

no

no

Urine Diversion and Dehydration Toilets (UDDTs)

Fatoumata Binta BARRYDirectrice RésidenteCREPA Guinée (Conakry)Tél: (00224) 64 30 33 81 (00224) 60 57 35 27/[email protected],[email protected],

Inserted and reviewed by Paul Okan-Adjetey with info from Belinda Abraham 30.06.2010 based on information received from Madina Bah (unicef) via e-mail from Jane Bevan 14 April 2010 and updated with information received from Ms. Binta , 7 August 2010

122

Guinea (Conakry)

School and community sanitation improvement project

Kindia

2008-2009

previous


schools and community



ACAUPED (France) and CREPA Guinea Conakry

11 facilities built in two schools and a community.

Urine diversion dehydration toilets in schools of Salloube, and Tialére and the community of Dalaba


Seperation of urine and faeces

Urine Diversion and Dehydration Toilets

Agriculture

no

no


Entered by B.Abraham 30.06.2010 based on information received from Madina Bah (unicef) via e-mail from Jane Bevan 14 April 2010 and updated with information received from Ms. Binta , 7 August 2010

123

Guinea (Conakry)Urine diversion dehydration toilets in the Community of Damakhanyah in Kindia

Community sanitation improvement

Kindia

2008-2009

previous


community




A total of 14 communal facilities were built


Urine and faeces

Urine Diversion and Dehydration Toilets

Agriculture

no

no



124

Guinea (Conakry)Public urinals in 'Place de l’indépendance Palais de Justice', Kindia

sanitation improvement/ research

Kindia

Jul-05

previous


urban city



Guinée44 and Local Government of Kindia

five urinals were constructed


urine collected

urinals

Agriculture

no

no



125

Guinea (Conakry)Household urinals in the community of Molota Préfecture, Kindia

sanitation improvement/ research

Kindia

Jul-05

current


households



Guinée44 and Local Government of Kindia

A total of 30 household urinals were constructed


urine

urinals

agriculture

no

no



126Haiti

Dry composting toilet at a public market place, Cap Haitien

Double-vault dry composting toilet for a public market place where women especially work

Cap Haitien

Petitte Anse, Cap Haitien

December 17th 2007 just after the Hurricane struck

300 people

Public toilet in a market place

AFAFA

Appropriate Infrastructure Development Group (AIDG); SOIL or SOL and; Asosasyon Fanm Aktif Petit Anse (AFAPA)

The rains that accompanied Hurricane Noel in November 2007 made for unpleasant walking for Petite-Anse’s residents. Mud on unpaved streets churned and mixed with litter and raw sewage in this neighborhood of Cap Haitien in Northern Haiti. Prior to this project, the only available toilet in the area was a rundown latrine that was nearly full, difficult to access and surrounded by garbage.

The public toilets are located in the rear of the public market in Petite-Anse where hundreds of women work each day selling produce and other goods. The toilet serves 300 people. AFAPA chose to charge people from the market a small fee to use the toilet (5 Gourdes = ~12 cents US). The money is used to pay someone to manage the latrines and to buy toilet paper and cleaning supplies.

Excreta (presumably, since composting toilet)

Double vault dry composting toilet

Not known

Not known

New: 14.05.2008 Analiza

No

http://www.aidg.org/outreach/petite_anse_latrine.htm

Ahabwe Gerald on 29.10.2008 email:[email protected] project period.by Paul Okan-Adjetey based on information from the website on 23/09/2010

http://www.aidg.org/outreach/petite_anse_latrine.htm

127Haiti

Treatment of waste from public latrines in a biogas plant, Cap Haitien

Cap Haitien

Haiti

In planning process

Urban area

AIDG

Biogas digester for treatment of waste from city's public latrine along with organic waste and use of biogas for energy

Working on a partnership with Oxfam, the municipal government of Cap Haitien, and local community groups

AIDG’s second incubated business will work to address two problems plaguing Haiti’s 2nd largest city: poor sanitation and inadequate energy sources

Biogas for energy


No

Municipal scale waste treatment and biogas plant. As part of a pilot project, AIDG will install a community-scale biodigester for a pottery collective in Lori, Haiti. The biogas generated will fuel a small kiln.

They are looking to employ a biogas plant design similar to models put out by Ashden Award Winners, Biotech of Kerala India

http://www.aidg.org/outreach/cap_haitien_2007.htm

http://www.aidg.org/outreach/cap_haitien_2007.htm

128India

Urine diversion dehydration toilet centres at Navsarjan Boarding Schools, Gujarat

2004 - 2006

Rural area: school

Navsarjan Trust, India; seecon international; GTZ; IEES

Navsarjan Trust, India; seecon international; GTZ; IEES

Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC)

Concepts and technologies implemented at the primary schools (boarding schools) shall provide Navsarjan Trust with first hand experiences on ecologically sound sanitation concepts and the knowledge for further dissemination of ecosan in Gujarat, specifically UDDTs and urinals.

Various rural locations in the state of Gujarat, India Navsarjan vidhyalaya, Gujarat, India, at: 1. Rayka village, Dhandhuka taluka, Ahmedabad district 2. Katariya village, Limdi taluka, Surendranagar district 3. Navsarjan vidhyalaya, Sami village, Sami taluka, Patan district.

Dec 2004: planning; 2005: construction; Feb 2006: 1st UDDT centre (at Katariya) inaugurated; Jul 2006: operation of sanitation facilities at Katariya. Finalisation of construction at Sami taluka is expected soon.

3 primary schools (up to 210 pupils and 10 staff each), approx. 660 people in total8 toilet units per school (i.e. 24 in total)

Willingness to improve situation of Dalit caste including safe treatment and reuse of faeces, urine and greywater. Provide children with first hand experiences on ecosan concepts. Hygiene education and raising awareness on socially and culturally acceptable, sustainable, and hygienically safe sanitation concepts was also the focus.

Separate streams of urine, faeces, and greywater respectively

Double-vault UDDTs, urinals, urine collection system, vertical flow filter for greywater

Construction and labour costs for establishing a single sanitation centre adds up to approx. 4,700 Euro.

http://www.ecosanservices.org/page.php?id=1009#par1296

Yes

The desiccated faeces and cover material and urine (after storage) is applied as soil amendment and nitrogen-rich liquid fertiliser respectively to flower beds, kitchen gardens, etc. Treated greywater is used for irrigating the garden.

- "3-hole" squatting pans (urine, faeces and anal wash water collected separately); - in order to facilitate the harvest of the desiccated faeces and cover material, the toilets are designed to operate in batches and cubicles will double-up as showers during the “resting period”. If a processing chamber is full, the cubicle above is converted into a “bathroom” by providing a specially designed cover that seals the urine-diversion squatting pan and prevents showerwater from entering either the processing chamber or the urine collection system. - processing chamber with minimum volume 2 m3, 5 urine tanks of 2 m3;Spreading of knowledge from school kids to villages. Elimination of prejudices among village dwellers. Project helped to remove caste-based occupation. Promotion of gender issues (scavening mainly done by women) and of sanitation under the aspect of human dignity (cultural and social relevance).

Ecosan Project Data Sheet 022 (2007): see http://www.gtz.de/en/dokumente/en-ecosan-pds-022-india-navsarjan-schools-2007.pdf. Wafler, M. (2006): Report on Case Studies of Ecosan Pilot Projects in India Version 1, September 5th, 2006. Macwan, M. and Heeb, J. (2006): Navsarjan Ecosan Pilot Project in Gujarat State, India. see http://www2.gtz.de/Dokumente/oe44/ecosan/en-navsarjanecosan-pilot-projects-2006.pdf.

Martin Wafler, [email protected], seecon gmbh, Löwengasse 47, 1030 Vienna, Austria, +43-650-511-8669

New: Sören, 16.11.06 update: Yaniv 24.5.07; update: Philipp Feiereisen 18.05.2009; Isabelle Kunze 12.08.2009 ([email protected])

129India

Bangalore

Rajendra Nagar Slum, Bangalore, state of Karnataka, India

1999 - 2006

8 toilets (4 for men, 4 for women), serving up to 1,000 users daily at one public toilet centre.

Slum (transition) area

Seecon, GTZ

ACTS (Arts, Crafts, Trade and Studies) Bangalore

IEES

Demonstration of an eco-friendly, reuse-oriented public toilet centre in Rajendra Nagar Slum, Bangalore, Karnataka (no longer in use)

Public toilet centres with urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) in a slum area and an external excreta processing facility. A pilot urban upgrading sanitation project.

Jun 1999: planning; Mar 2000-2001: construction in cooperation with Seecon Intern. GmbH; Aug 2001-2005: operation; Jun 2005: replanning excreta transport and treatment; Nov 2005-2006: upgraded services functional; Jan 2006: demonstration phase ends-toilets close as lease contract expired; ACTS applied to the authorities for a 2nd project phase under its management

Before 2001, the majority of households in the huge slum did not have their own toilets and there was only one functioning public toilet. Problems and risks for women in particular due to sexual harassment.

Separate streams of faecal matter with paper, urine, and greywater respectively

No

separation and storage of urine and faeces; daily collection of urine and faeces by a vacuum truck; faeces matter with waste paper and biodegradable waste processed in a biogas plant; slurry dried in sludge drying beds; water used for handwashing water was drained to an infiltration bed; surplus water was collected in a subsurface collection tank.

Faecal material: treated in a biogas plant,dried slurry applied as a soil amendment at the ACTS School Campus. Urine: applied as a nitrogen-rich liquid fertiliser to banana plantations. Any surplus water that was not taken up by the planted infiltration bed in front of the public toilet water drained to a nearby municipal sewer. Estimations of a cost-revenue analysis (for 5 centres & 3 biogas plants) in case of upscaling the demonstratin project: Capital costs: 110 - 122,000€ / 190-229,000€ (with interest); Operational costs: 16,400-20,000€/yr; Income: 19,100-62,300€/yr;

"3-hole" squatting pans; processing and reuse site for source separated flow streams outside the city at an ACTS secondary school; the floating-drum type biodigester with water jacket, which was installed at the ACTS Rayasandra Campus, has a reactor capacity of ca. 40 m3 (inner diameter: 3,80 m; height: 3,70 m).

- Improved human community health and food security through successful implementation of socially and culturally accepted ecosan toilet centre; efficient nutrient-cycles between urban (consumer) and rural (producer) areas (economic development); strong organisational management and long-term cooperation with local partners; hygenically secure handling of human excreta; creation of new jobs; reduction of transport costs (planned); stakeholder involvement is essential; urine-diversion system proved feasible; Ecosan Project Data Sheet 023: http://www.gtz.de/en/dokumente/en-ecosan-pds-023-india-bangalore-public-toilet-2007.pdf. Wafler, M. (2006): Report on Case Studies of Ecosan Pilot Projects in India, Version 1, September 5th, 2006.

GTZ;Dr. Johannes Heeb, [email protected], seecon gmbh, Bahnhofstrasse 2, CH-6110 Wolhusen, Switzerland, +41-79-366-6850

Dania 14.02.2006;Updated: Sören, 16.11.06; update: Yaniv, 23.5.07; update 18.05.2009: Philipp Feiereisen; update, Isabelle Kunze: 12.08.2009. ([email protected]). Nadira update, 16.11.09, on closure from email with A. Panesar and J. Heebs.

130India

Various time periods. Approximately 2006 onwards.

-

Rural area

Society for Community Organisation and Peoples Education (SCOPE)

Society for Community Organisation and Peoples Education (SCOPE)

Household urine diversion dehydration toilets (locally known as compost toilets) in four villages (including tsunami hit villages) of Trichy and Nagai Districts, Tamil Nadu

Implementing urine diversion dehydrating toilets (UDDTs) as the sanitation practice in rural areas with reuse of products; includes rural reconstruction after disaster.

Musiri Village, Trichy District; Sevanthalingapuram Village, Trichy District; Vellur - Musiri Village, Trichy District; Kameshwaram Village, Nagai District. All in the state of Tamil Nadu

Musiri Village, Trichy District: 400 toilets, 1,200 usersSevanthalingapuram, Trichy District: 220 toilets, 710 usersVellur - Musiri, Trichy District: 50 toilets, 240 usersKameshwaram, Nagai District: 350 toilets, 1,300 usersI.e. total number of toilets is 1,020 with 3,450 users

For Kameshwaram Village: UNICEF; DRDA (Nagapattinam District Rural Development Agency); FIN (Friends in Need) of France; house owners

Kameshwaram village was strongly hit by tsunami. Special problems of conventional toilet models in high water-table and sandy coastal areas.

Separate streams of anal wash water, urine and faeces respectively

Double-vault UDDT

Irrigation / fertiliser in the house garden

M. Subburaman, SCOPE, P/17, 6th Cross, Ahmed Colony, Ramalinganagar, Trichy 620003, India

No

7,000 INR/unit (approx. 100 €)For Kameshwaram Village: 2,500 INR/unit from UNICEF, 1,200 INR/unit from DRDA & 1,200 INR/unit from FIN & 2,100 INR/unit from house owners

SCOPE UDDT ('composting') toilet:The UDDT has two chambers and is used alternatively. 3-hole squatting pan is used to separate the waste streams (faeces, urine, wash water). Faeces is stored for about 8 - 10 months. The toilet is provided with a concrete bottom so that there will be no contact between the human excreta and the soil. After defecation the user sprinkles ash over excreta so that there will not be any fly or mosquito nuisance. S/He then closes the drop hole with a lid. Only about three liters of water is needed for body wash. (In comparison, a conventional toilet uses 12 to 15 L water). As opposed to conventional sanitation constructions, ecosan constructions are highly suitable for high water-table areas such as sandy coastal belts and riverbanks.

Two newspaper articles in "The Hindu": Tsunami-hit village gets 50 ecosan toilets, http://www.thehindu.com/2006/09/20/stories/2006092016410300.htm, published Wed, Sept. 20, 2006. Maximum `ECOSAN' toilets for fishing village, http://www.hindu.com/2007/01/07/stories/2007010714450300.htm, published Sun, Jan 07, 2007. For further information on SCOPE see http://www.scopetrichy.com

08.01.2007 - Sören new update: 24.5.07 Yaniv; update: 13.08.2009, Isabelle Kunze ([email protected])Update 16.11.09 Nadira ([email protected]) from email from M. Subburaman.

http://www.scopetrichy.com/

131India

Mysore District, State of Karnataka

2006 - 2009

Rural area

Rural Development Department

Rural Development Department and local NGO (Total Sanitation Campaign)

UNICEF

N. Khawaja emailed cse for actual numbers but no answer. Follow up since large project. Says 90,000 household will benefit: how many actual households, how many users? Is it just hh toilets or also school toilets? --> ask again and if still no answer ask Rahul for other contact person?

Total Sanitation Campaign Project using urine diversion dehydration toilets (locally known as composting toilet), Mysore, Karnataka

Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) as a means of implementing the Total Sanitation Campaign of the district school upgrading ??

1,230 villages in the district and will help in bringing about a qualitative change in life in rural areas. The project is expected to be completed by 2009 and will benefit 90,000 families living below the poverty line who will be provided with sanitation. (no. of people?). how many actually done till now?

Separate streams of anal wash water, urine and faeces respectively

Double-vault UDDT

Irrigation / fertiliser in the house garden

Basic design information and experience from SCOPE Project in Kameshwaram- i.e. a double-vault UDDT

No

The cost of the special toilet was INR. 11,000 (approx. 160 €) of which UNICEF would give INR. 5,000 and MYRADA had agreed to give INR 2,500. The project beneficiaries would contribute INR 3,500 by way of labour or material.

http://www.hindu.com/2006/12/17/stories/2006121711070300.htm; For further information on all projects launched by the Toilet Sanitation Campaign see http://ddws.nic.in/crspnet/crspasp/epanchayat/rep_search_detail.asp?code=002&search=&key= (provided by the Department of Drinking Water Supply, Ministry of Rural Development Govt. of India, viewed 01.09.2009).

http://www.hindu.com/2006/12/17/stories/2006121711070300.htm

Mrs. N.T. Abroo, Manioj Kumar and Mr. Venugopal, Rural Development Department, State Government of Karnataka; [email protected]

08.01.2007 - Sören new; Analiza added some information on 28.08.2008; updated and changed 01.09.2009, Isabelle Kunze ([email protected])



follow up if and when implemented, ask [email protected]

132India

Sustainable sanitation infrastructure project at the pilgrimage town of Pandharpur, Maharashtra

Public toilets for pilgrimage town

Pandharpur

Pandharpur, Solapur District, state of Maharashtra, India

2006 - ongoing planning process.

Planning process

Seecon and IESNI

Seecon and IESNI

The Ecosan Services Foundation from Pune, India, is conducting a sanitation feasibility study for the city of Pandharpur. The design and construction of a reuse-oriented ecosan system will follow. After a first draft prefeasibility study has been conducted, the project proposal has been submitted to Pandharpur Municipal Council and Maharashtra Jeevan Pradhikaran State Environment Department. Based on the expertise of seecon consultancy, the project is about to start in about one year.

Mid-size city (100,000 permanent residents, 25,000 floating population, several 100,000 up to 1 million devotees on several occasions)

The project is conducted with collaboration of the city council, the Maharashtra Pollution Board, GTZ and Seecon International

Located at the banks of the Bhima-River, the town is one of the most important pilgrimage places of the state. Makeshift toilets are provided along the riverbanks during festival seasons and the sanitary situation in general is poor. The small pilgrimage town lacks the necessary infrastructure, which leads to environmental stress resulting in a steady degradation of environmental status/conditions of the town.

Separate streams of urine and faeces respectively

Proposed: Source-separate collection, treatment and reuse

-

-

-

-

New: Sören, 16.11.06; update: 03.09.2009 Isabelle Kunze ([email protected])

No

Pictures about the Pandharpur project are available on flickr: http://www.flickr.com/photos/gtzecosan/sets/72157606536182337/.

Dr. Johannes Heeb, [email protected], seecon gmbh, Bahnhofstrasse 2, CH-6110 Wolhusen, +41-79-366-6850; Martin Wafler, [email protected], seecon gmbh, Löwengasse 47, 1030 Vienna, Austria, +43-650-511-8669

133India

Pour-flush toilets with biogas plant at DSK (Dalit Shakti Kendra) Training Institute, Gujarat

Dalit Shakti Kendra Training Centre, Nani Devti Village near Sanand, Ahmedabad District, Gujarat Province

2004 - 2006

Rural area: vocational training institute with boarding facilities

Navsarjan Trust, seecon international, GTZ, IEES

Navsarjan Trust, seecon international, GTZ, IEES (International Centre fo Ecological Engineering)

Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC)

Sanitation facilities upgraded in a boarding training institute using systems with separated waste streams, on-site treatment and reuse of products.

Start: 09/2004Start of construction: 02/2005Start of operation: 08/2006

300 students, 500 visitors per monthOne sanitation complex with 22 pour-flush toilet cabins (11 for females and 11 for males). 2 UDDTs next to the men's hostel. 1 UDDT next to the women's hostel. 1 urinal centre (with multiple male and femal urinals)

The DSK institute wastewater was collected and infiltrated into the ground by two soak-pits located close to thehostel building. The following reasons led to a malfunction of the system:· Due to the lack of maintenance (sludge removal of the soakpits), sludge accumulated at the bottom and walls of the soak-pits leading to an insufficient infiltration of the wastewater into the ground.· In addition, wastewater was not discharged into the soakpits at ground level but at a depth of 3 m below ground. This caused a permanently flooded sewer and soak-pits, resulting in significant odour as well as unhygienic conditions (flies breeding contributing to the transmission of diseases).· The groundwater level varies between 5 m (during dry season) and only 1.5 m below ground (during rainy season). It can therefore be assumed that wastewater also mixed withthe groundwater, which was a severe health risk as groundwater is used for drinking water.

The Institute was planning an expansion, and hence a new sanitation concept was also developed. Navasarjan Trust aims at eliminating discrimination based on caste to assure equality of status and opportunities. Manual scavenging practices should stop with the help of ecosan and hence such a sanitation system was implemented

Black water; urine; dried faeces; greywater streams.

Pour-flush toilets connected with biogas plant; sludge drying bed.Men and women urinals (used with flushing water); single-vault UDDTS; urine storage/hygienisation tanks.Organic filter; elevated grey-water gardens.

Biogas: used as a substitute to Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) and firewood cooking; Slurry: used as a soil conditioner (e.g. growing seeds); Source-separated urine collected from the urinal centre (with flush water) and the UDDTs: applied after storage as a nitrogen-rich liquid organic fertiliser in the kitchen-garden and campus lawn. Greywater from dishwashing: treated by organic (straw) filter, stored and used to irrigate nearby plantations.

Sanitation Complex:Toilet cabins with pour (low) flush squatting pans (with water seal) using 4-5 L per flush, arranged in a circular shape around a biogas plant located in the center. Biogas plant: It has a "floating drum" cover which simultaneously stores and provides the produced gas at a constant pressure. The daily amount of blackwater of 1.4 to 2.4 m3/d. With the given volume of the biogas digester of 27.3 m³, this results in a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 11 to 20 days. With a HRT of 11 days at mesophilic temperatures, anaerobic decomposition and hygienisation (if at all) will however be very low Urinal centre: due to incorrect installation of 'membrane valves' attached at the urinal drains for odour control and to reduce the water consumption, odours came out of the drains. Hence, flushing became necessary for both ladies' and gents' urinals. Consequently, the membrane valves have been removed and today the urinal is flushed 8 times a day. A solution could consist of installing a 3-way-valve that would collect the flushing water separately from the urine. For SuSanA Case Study on DSK Vocational Training Centre (2009) see: http://www.susana.org/images/documents/06-case-studies/en-susana-cs-india-gurajat-navsarjan-dsk.pdf. Panse, Dayanand, B. (2006): Ecological sanitation - a need for today! Progress on ecosan in India. Available at gtz homepage: http://www.gtz.de/en/dokumente/en-innovative-ecosan-network-india-progress-text-2006.pdf. For Navsarjan Trust website see: http://navsarjan.org/dalitshaktikendra.

Martin Wafler, [email protected], seecon gmbh, Löwengasse 47, 1030 Vienna, Austria, +43-650-511-8689

Dania 14.02.2006updated: Sören, 15.11.06; update: 23.5.07 Yaniv; updated 10.09.2009, Isabelle Kunze ([email protected]); Nadira Khawaja ([email protected]), 5.11.09, filled in information from susana case study.

see http://www.susana.org/images/documents/06-case-studies/en-susana-cs-india-gurajat-navsarjan-dsk.pdf

http://www.sanimap.net/xoops2/modules/gnavi/index.php?lid=160


134India

Ullalu Upanagara, Bangalore

2006

Urban area

BORDA (Bremen Overseas Research and Development Association)

BORDA

Community-based, public toilet centre with a decentralised wastewater treatment and reuse system (pilot project) at Ullalu Upanagara, Bangalore

Public toilet centre in an urban area, using DEWATS (decentralised wastewater treatment systems) and reuse of products

Consortium for DEWATS Dissemination#621, 5th Main Road, OMBR Layout, Banaswadi Post, Bangalore 560 033Tel Fax: +91-080-25452805 / 25452804

The toilet centre comprises11 toilets and one shower facility each, for men and women. There are 10 washing slabs in each section for up to 750 users per day .

Separate streams of blackwater and greywater respectively

Groundwater recharge by soak pits of treated wastewater; biogas for heating purposes

For further information on BORDA South Asia see http://www.borda-sa.org.

New: Sören, 15.06.2007; update: 03.09.2009, Isabelle Kunze ([email protected])

No

Hot water required for bathing is provided through biogas-fuelled heaters. The biogas is generated from the biogas digesters that are part of the treatment system. Blackwater is treated by a biogas settler followed by a baffled reactor and finally a planted gravel filter. Greywater from laundry and washbasins is directed to planted gravel filters.

11.5 m3/day treatment capacity; hot water required for bathing provided through biogas-fuelled heaters

- It was observed that the Planted Gravel Filter (PGF) had water stagnation and the filter material was choked with mud. The reason for this might be the result of the levelling of ground surrounding the PGF. Due to recent rains, mud was washed into the PGF. This stagnation resulted in reduced efficiency of the PGF. Filter material has to be replaced or cleaned in the upcoming maintenance session to re-establish permeability.BORDA (2006): Maintenance activities at CBS unit - Ullalu Upanagara. See http://www.borda-sa.org/modules/news/article.php?storyid=60 (viewed 03.09.2009).

email: [email protected]

http://www.borda-sa.org/modules/news/article.php?storyid=60

135India

Village school toilets: urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs)

Various time periods, starting approximately 2007

completed

Rural area

For Kameshwaram Village: Savior Oser La Solidarite (SOS), France; SCOPE, India

SCOPE

Urine diversion dehydration toilets (locally known as composting toilets) for ten schools in rural areas (including tsunami hit villages), Tamil Nadu

St.Sebastian School, Kameshwaram VillageGovernment Higher Secondary School, P.R. PuramAnnai Ashram Girls Higher Secondary School, TrichyMusiri Primary School, MusiriThakkalai Panchayat Union Primary School, Kanyakumari

In the mixed gender schools, there are separate toilet blocks for girls and boys.St.Sebastian School, Kameshwaram Village: toilets 4, urinals 40, users 750Government Higher Secondary School, P.R. Puram: toilets 2, urinals 20, users 540Annai Ashram Girls Higher Secondary School, Trichy: toilets 2, urinals 10, users 400Musiri Primary School, Musiri: toilets 2, urinals 14, users 117

For Kameshwaram Village: Funds raised by activists of SOS (Savior Oser la Solidarite) France; school management

Kameshwaram Village was hit by tsunami; special problems of conventional toilets in high water table and sandy coastal areas.

Separate urine, faeces, and washwater streams respectively

Double-vault UDDTs, and sanitary napkin incinerator with some toilets

No

Urine and wash water are used for irrigation, e.g. of adjacent cashew plantationDried faeces used for agriculture.

INR 200,000 (approx. 2,900 €) to construct toilets; Rs 250,000 (approx. 3,600 €) to construct incineratorIn Kameshwaram Village: Rs 20,000 were paid by the school

SCOPE UDDT ('composting') toilet:The UDDT has two chambers and is used alternatively. 3-hole squatting pan is used to separate the waste streams (faeces, urine, wash water). Faeces is stored for about 8 - 10 months. The toilet is provided with a concrete bottom so that there will be no contact between the human excreta and the soil. After defecation the user sprinkles ash over excreta so that there will not be any fly or mosquito nuisance. S/He then closes the drop hole with a lid. Only about three liters of water is needed for body wash. (In comparison, a conventional toilet uses 12 to 15 L water).Good education should aim at inculcating in the minds of children the need for promoting health and hygienic practices that are also environmentally friendly. The implementation of urine-diversion toilets was a success and, therefore, should be implemented in the whole state.

The Hindu newspaper. Village school gets 'ecosan' toilet (30.05.2007), see http://www.hindu.com/2007/05/30/stories/2007053012170300.htm.

M. SubburamanSCOPEP/17 6th Cross, Ahamed Colony, Ramalinganagar, Trichy 620003, Tamil Nadu, [email protected] [email protected]

new: Yaniv, 30.07.07; updated 19.08.2009 by Isabelle Kunze ([email protected]); details added from scope website, 5.11.09, Nadira Khawaja ([email protected]) and later update from email of M. Subburaman.

136India

Musiri Town, Tamil Nadu

2005 - ongoing

Small town (35,000 inhabitants)

SCOPE (India)

SCOPE (India)

Three public urine diversion dehydration toilet complexes (locally known as Ecosan Community Compost Toilets) in Musiri Town linked to agricultural research trials at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Tamil Nadu

Community urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) in a small town and agricultural research trials with urine

Saliyar Street, Musiri Town, Parisalthurai Road, Musiri TownNataraja Nagar, Musiri Town

Sep 2005: start of construction; Apr 2006: the opening; Tamil Nadu Agricultural University will research the use of urine as fertiliser; Two major milestones have taken place in Ecosan movement in India in June 2009. Compost from the first chamber in the first Ecosan Community Compost Toilet (ECCT) in Musiri was taken out. Furthermore, the first banana bunch (it weighed 17kg and had 202 fruits) raised under the UNICEF-SEI research project, using urine as liquid fertiliser was harvested. Three community toilet complexes with two blocks each, one for men and the other for women.

Saliyar Street, 7 + 7 toilets, 310 usersParisalthurai Road, 7 + 7 toilets, 260 usersNataraja Nagar, 3 + 3, 120 users

WASTE (the Netherlands); UNICEF-SEI research project; Trichy based National Research Centre for Banana (NRCB)

Risk of groundwater pollution due to high water table. 50% of the population who do not have domestic toilets and resort to open defecation, contaminating the Cauvery River

Separate streams of urine, faeces, wash water respectively

Rs 900,000 (approx. 12,900 €) per toilet for construction; user fees for operation

No

3-hole squatting slab (and pedestal toilet constructed for the elderly and handicapped people); UDDTs; wash water collection in a bed filter

Diluted urine used as fertiliser in nearby farm for paddy, banana and sugarcane culivation; filtered wash water used in nearby farm for banana plantation. Dried faeces used in agriculture.

SCOPE UDDT ('composting') toilet:The UDDT has two chambers and is used alternatively. 3-hole squatting pan is used to separate the waste streams (faeces, urine, wash water). Faeces is stored for about 8 - 10 months. The toilet is provided with a concrete bottom so that there will be no contact between the human excreta and the soil. After defecation the user sprinkles ash over excreta so that there will not be any fly or mosquito nuisance. S/He then closes the drop hole with a lid. Only about three liters of water is needed for body wash. (In comparison, a conventional toilet uses 12 to 15 L water).Two months awareness programme for the residents was launched; residents also visited the site during the construction phase. Fertiliser trials:Banana crop was grown with 30, 40, 50 and 60 litres of human urine application with irrigation water along with graded levels of commercial potassium fertilisers. Application of 50 litres of human urine per plant with 75% recommended commercial potassium fertiliser recorded 32.1% more plant height, 25.6% more pseudostem girth, 71.5% more number of leaves and 68.8% more leaf area, 25% more leaf nitrogen WASTE email bulletin 52, May 2006;Scope (2006) Options for sanitation. PP presentation in Mexico City; The Hindu newspaper, 16.4.07, Reporter's Diary

For information on project on SCOPE homepage see: http://www.scopetrichy.com/First_ECCT_Musiri.asp. Newspaper article see: http://www.hindu.com/2007/04/16/stories/2007041618440500.htm

M. SubburamanSCOPE, P/17 6th Cross, Ahamed Colony, Ramalinganagar, Trichy 620003, Tamil Nadu, [email protected] [email protected]

new: Yaniv, 30.07.07; updated: 03.09.2009, Isabelle Kunze ([email protected])updated 16.11.09 Nadira ([email protected]) from email of M. Subburaman

http://www.scopetrichy.com/First%20ECOSAN%20Community%20Compost%20Toilet%20(ECCT)%20-%20Musiri.htmhttp:/www.hindu.com/2007/04/16/stories/2007041618440500.htm

137India

Decentralised wastewater management at Adarsh College, Badlapur, Maharashtra

Badlapur in the state of Maharashtra

Adarsh Vidya Mandir, Kulgaon Badlapur Municipal Corporation - East, Maharastra State, India, 421503

2006 - 2008

Urban area: college

Ecosan Services Foundation (ESF), Seecon gmbh, Paradigm Environmental Strategies Ltd.

Decentralised, reuse-oriented wastewater management at Adarsh Vidyaprasarak Sanstha’s College of Arts & Commerce

Inauguration of the new sanitation centre and the wastewater treatment scheme- January, 2007.

Start of construction: Apr. 2006End of construction: Jun. 2008Start of operation: Sep. 2008 (Project completed)Approx. 2,600 students attending Senior and Junior College daily (1300 morning 1-6 standard, 1300 afternoon 7- 12 standard) and up to 800 people attending special programmes (such as wedding ceremonies) on about 20 occasions per year

Kulgaon Badlapur Muncipal Council, with technical support by Ecosan Services Foundation, Pune, Maharashtra

EU-funded AsiaProEco II - projectGTZ-ecosan cell

Awareness amongst students: Awareness programmes for teachers and students were done for ecosan concept and an overview of the implemented project. The council plans to replicate the concept in other areas after evaluating the findings of this decentralised, reuse-oriented school sanitation project. Capacity development and awareness-raising is being carried out parallel to the technical installation in order to ensure the correct operation of the system in the future.

430,000 INR (approx. 6,200 €)

see http://www.sanimap.net/xoops2/modules/gnavi/index.php?lid=168.

Separate brown and yellow water streams from the toilets used by students. Any black water from other toilets?

Waterless urinals, Biogas settler, Anaerobic Baffle Reactor, Anaerobic Up-flow filter, Planted Gravel Filter, Polishing pond (original entry mentioned pour-flush and UDDTs?)

Urine collected from gent's waterless urinals is stored and reused as fertliser in garden; treated greywater for irrigation (biogas, effluent, sludge?)

Total wastewater is 8 m3, BOD in = 1500 mg/L , COD in = 3000 mg/L. Treatment system is designed to handle also additional load → Organic load of 12 kgCOD/day and peak flow of 1 m3/h (about 125 toilet uses/h).

For further information provided by the Ecosan Services Foundation's (ESF) School Sanitation Project on Progress see:http://www2.gtz.de/Dokumente/oe44/ecosan/nl/en-ecosan-project-info-badlapur-college-india-2007.pdfFor draft version of SuSanA case study on project see: http://www.susana.org/images/documents/06-case-studies/en-susana-cs-india-badlapur-adarsh-school.pdf

http://www.ecosanservices.org/page.php?id=1

Kulgaon Badlapur Municipal Council opp. Badalapur Railway Station Badlapur€ Tal-AmbernathDist-Thane,Maharashtra, Indiaphone: +91-(0)251-2690397email: [email protected]: http://www.kbmcinfo.com

Analiza from Newsletter 26 dated November 2007: 29.08. 2008 Update 19.05.2009, Philipp Feiereisen; Update 08.09.2009, Isabelle Kunze ([email protected])Update 06.10.2009, Mrs Pradnya Thakur (ESF) (email:[email protected])

see http://www.susana.org/images/documents/06-case-studies/en-susana-cs-india-badlapur-adarsh-school.pdf

http://www2.gtz.de/Dokumente/oe44/ecosan/nl/en-ecosan-project-info-badlapur-college-india-2007.pdf

http://www.ecosanservices.org/page.php?id=1


138India

Kanpur (toilet development), Aligarh (communal toilet testing), Lucknow-Chennai train (toilet testing in train)

2007 to ongoing

IIT Kanpur, Indian Railway, UNICEF



Zero-discharge, recycling toilet being tested for Indian trains and communal toilet blocks, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh

Pilot project for trialling an ecological toilet for trains and public toilets that minimises water use and reuses outputs.

Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh.Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh.

Toilet model developed in 2007 and installed at IIT Kanpur. Currently testing phase by Indian Railways (along with another ecological toilet) in trains. Indian Railways will install ecological toilet in its 9,000 trains by 2011-2013. Meanwhile, UNICEF trialling toilet in Aligarh in a communal toilet block.

Four toilets have been installed in a congested locality of Aligarh by UNICEF where most households do not have toilet facilities – or the toilets discharge into open drains. Each toilet is designed for 25 users per day, so the new toilet block serves 100 people. Toilet in testing phase for Indian trains. In the future, 9,000 trains will be equipped with the toilet.A full-scale model of the zero-discharge toilet was installed at the IIT Kanpur campus more than two years ago and is still in operation.

A lack of access to proper sanitation in rural and urban regions threatens to hold India back. Conscious of water shortages, an ever-increasing population and its important role in tackling climate change, India is trying to find solutions to sanitation shortfalls that conserve water while providing access to a greater number of people. The Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kanpur has created just such a solution – a zero-discharge toilet. A large proportion of the Indian population do not have access to public toilets, let alone a domestic connection, so the zero-discharge toilet is being tried out in the public domain. Furthermore, at the request of Indian Railways, via government funding, Tare and his team at IIT Kanpur were asked to develop a new sanitation system for the national railway network. Filthy conditions at railway stations, corrosion of rails and the underside of carriages, and a desire to improve sanitary conditions on the nation’s vast rail network led Indian Railways to approach IIT Kanpur. Officials wanted a system that used limited fresh water and prevented waste from coming into contact with infrastructure. Railways Minister Lalu Prasad – who has become something of a national icon – is credited with transforming Indian Railways from near bankruptcy several years ago to a thriving enterprise now making billions of dollars a year in profit. “Lalu Prasad wants change in India. He has traveled all over the world to look at what kind of toilet systems are being used in trains,” Tare says. “The railways came to the conclusion that none of the toilet systems available in the world are appropriate for Indian conditions, so that is why they are interested in our

Compost and nutrients to be used for soil amelioration, water reused for flushing.

No

No

Separated out streams of solids (faecal material) and liquids (urine, flush water, and cleansing water) from a flush toilet.

Flush toilet with tank and separator below the toilet; filters; microbial cultures; pre-composting; vermicomposting; liquid evaporation.

The main body of the toilet is essentially the same. Typically for a domestic toilet the additional cost (on top of the toilet itself) will equate to $US 65 to $US 86 per toilet.

The main body of the zero-discharge toilet is identical to a conventional model, but the collection and processing of waste is entirely different. A tank and separator device is installed to the P-trap (water seal) below the toilet that divides solids and liquids. The separator generates a thin film of water that adheres to the surface and flows outwards, collecting liquids (the water is guided into pipes in the sides that take it to another tank), and the solids gravitate into the central retention compartment. The pipes are fitted with microfilters made of high quality poly vinyl chloride which clean the liquid. The microfilters do not cost more than Rs 100 and last at least a year. In community toilets where electricity may not be available, hand - The implementation of dry toilets in trains is a useful way to save fresh water, and minimise wastewater production. Overall, the toilets decreases the level of fresh water consumption. - Using faecal matter in vermicomposting is tricky. - The compost currently being produced at the IIT campus is of good quality. It can be bought for Rs 10 per kg. Misa, S. S. (2008): Zero-waste toilets developed by IIT Kanpur. In Down to Earth magazine, Nr. 31 2008. Available at: http://www.downtoearth.org.in/full6.asp?foldername=20080131&filename=news&sec_id=50&sid=39 For additional contact details and information on technology used see International Water and Sanitation Centre (IRC) article on project, available at: http://www.irc.nl/page/39337For further information on IIT Kanpur see: http://www.iitk.ac.in/.

Prof. Vinod Tare from the Environmental Engineering Department of the IIT Kanpur, India, Tel.: +91-512- 2597792, Email: [email protected]

Analiza from Newsletter 28 dated June 2008: 29.08. 2008; update 09.09.2009, Isabelle Kunze ([email protected]); update 12.11.09, adding details from articles on the web, Nadira Khawaja ([email protected]).

139India

Upgrading school sanitation with decentralised greywater treatment and reuse.

Sarole Pathar, District Ahmadnagar, Maharashtra State

2008 - 2009

Rural area: boarding school for tribal students

EU-funded AsiaProEco II - project

Decentralised wastewater treatment in Shree Baleshwar Anudanit Primary and Secondary Ashram School, Sarole Pathar, Maharashtra

Shree Baleshwar Anudanit Primary and Secondary Ashram School (Tribal Boarding School)Sarole Pathar, Tal Sangamner, Dist. Ahmadnagar, 422620, Maharashtra State, India

Start of Planning: 03/2008; End of construction: 05/2008; Start of operation: 01/2009 (Completed Project)

Treatment system designed for 520 people. (A residential school with 200 tribal boys and 200 tribalgirls living and having classes there; 100 non-tribal girls living at the school but going to anearby school for classes; 20 teaching and non-teaching staff.)

Ecosan Services Foundation (ESF), Paradigm Environmental Strategies Ltd. (http://ecoparadigm.com/)seecon gmbh ?

Shree Baleshwar Anudanit Primary and Secondary Ashram School; Watershed NGO; Pradigm Environmental Strategies Ltd.?

Currently there is one toilet block for boys (5 toilets, 7 urinals, 6 bathrooms) and one for girls(6 toilets, 7 urinals, 6 bathrooms). Each toilet (low flush toilet, rural pan) block has a watertank with a capacity of about 2 m3 in its centre. The students can use a bucket to take water from there for flushing after toilet use, anal cleansing, showering and washing clothes. The urinals are waterless and the urine flows out into a trench system through which the water from showering and washing clothes also flows; i.e. the urine gets flushed with this water to the outlet of the toilet block and from there directly into the open field outside the school premises. The wastewater from toilet use flows into a septic tank (each toilet block has a ST), and from there direct into the open field. The sanitary infrastructure was built in 1996. Since then the ST has never been desludged and therefore it is to be expected that the ST is full of faecal sludge and the retention time of the blackwater in the tank has been substantially reduced, which also reduces the treatment efficiency of the ST. Considering this status and that this is a water shadow area, the need of reuse of water is a necessity. Hence a decentralised treatment system for grey water has been finalised. Moreover, open defecation in the same premises has been observed. The school has suggested to increase the number of toilet blocks along with the shower facility. There is no toilet facility for teachers and non-teaching staff. Hence in the memorandum of understanding, it is suggested to have a separate toilet provision for them.

Organic filter; vertical flow constructed wetland

Approximately INR 530,000 (7,600 €)

Separate streams of urine (yellowwater), brown water from toilets, and greywater from bathrooms, washing clothes etc.

The treated water shall be used for irrigation purposes at the school premises. Vegetation from wetland presumably harvested and used as forage.

- Primary treatment of greywater and/or greywater-urine mixture (17.5 m3/d) in vertical flow organic filter to remove solids (filled with rice husk, saw dust). Surface area and height of the organic filter media are 1 - 4 m2 (depending on anticipated wastewater production) and 0.90 m, respectively.- Secondary treatment in a horizontal flow constructed wetland. Length and width is 6 by 20 m. The main filter media is fine gravel with a grain size of 4 - 8 mm. The height of filter media (at inlet) is approx.. 0.80 m. while the saturated water depth is approx. 0.60 m. The wetland shall be operated as a “productive wetland” growing (hybrid) Napier grass (also referred to as "Elephant grass" due to its height and vigorous

Shree Baleshwar Anudanit Primary and Secondary Ashram School Case Study (draft) is available on SuSaA website: http://www.susana.org/images/documents/06-case-studies/en-susana-cs-india-sarole-pathar.pdf.

For further information on the project see http://www.ecosanservices.org/page.php?id=1008

Shree Baleshwar Anudanit Primary and Secondary Ashram School, Sarole Pathar, Tal Sangamner, Dist. Ahmadnagar, 422 620, Maharastra State, India

Update 10.09.2009, Isabelle Kunze.Update 06.10.09 Mrs. Pradnya Thakur (email:[email protected])Update 12.11.09 Nadira Khawaja from Susana case study ([email protected])

No


http://www.borda-sa.org/modules/news/article.php?storyid=60

http://www.susana.org/images/documents/06-case-studies/en-susana-cs-india-sarole-pathar.pdf


140India

Urban decentralised wastewater management, Badlapur, Maharashtra

Decentralised wastewater management and reuse concept

Badlapur, Maharashtra State

Madha Housing Society, Badlapur, District Thane, Maharashtra, India

2008 to ?

Township sanitation

Kulgaon Badlapur Municipal Council

Kulgaon Badlapur Municipal Council

Start of Planning: 2008Under consideration by ULB for funding.

Decentralised wastewater treatment scheme for 300 + 240 households (stage I & II, respectively) approx: 2000 persons

Ecosan Services Foundation (ESF)Paradigm Environmental Strategies Ltd.?

The wastewater from about 300 households (i.e. Cluster A) drains to a septic tank for treatment. But due to the desolate condition of the existing sewer system a large amount of the wastewater does not even reach the treatment system. The septic tank itself is in bad condition as well and partially filled with solid waste dumped at the site.

Domestic watsewater

A cost estimate suggests total project implementation costs of about INR 4,000,000 (i.e. approx. € 57,300).

http://www.susana.org/images/documents/06-case-studies/en-susana-cs-india-madha-housing.pdf

Treatment of domestic wastewater will happen in a decentralised treatment system comprising a biogas settler, an anaerobic baffled reactor and an anaerobic upflow filter

Treated wastewater for irrigation purposes. Biogas will be converted into electricity via a (bio) gas generator

Daily wastewater production is estimated to be about 200 m³. The surface area for construction of all treatment steps is approx. 500 m2.

A SuSanA case study (draft version) is available at: http://www.susana.org/images/documents/06-case-studies/en-susana-cs-india-madha-housing.pdf. For images on the project design see flickr: http://www.flickr.com/photos/gtzecosan/sets/72157613525856871/.

Project owner:Kulgaon Badlapur Municipal Council opp. Badalapur RailwayStation Badlapur(E)Taluka-AmbernathDist-Thane,Maharashtra, Indiaphone: +91-(0)251-2690397email: [email protected]: http://www.kbmcinfo.com

Update: 10.09.2009, Isabelle Kunze ([email protected])Updated 06.10.09 by Mrs. Pradnya Thakur (email:[email protected])

draft version see: http://www.susana.org/images/documents/06-case-studies/en-susana-cs-india-madha-housing.pdf



141India

Improved traditional composting toilets with urine diversion, Leh, Jammu and Kashmir

Demonstration project on revitalisation of traditional ecological sanitation practices

Leh, in the state of Jammu and Kashmir

1985 - 2006

Rural area: isolated area, mountainous landscape

LEDeG

LEDeG

BORDA, eco-solutions

LEDeG (Ladakh Ecological Development Group) Ecology Centre, Karzoo, Leh, Ladakh 194101Jammu & Kashmir, India

1. Phase: start of planning: 1985; start of operation: 1986 2. Phase: start of planning: 2005; start of operation: 2006

Phase 1: 1 demonstration toilet in the Ecology Centre guest house used by appr.100 persons/day (1- Phase)Phase 2: 8 ecosan separation toilets

As opposed to the overall situation in India which is dominated by faecophobia, in Leh traditionally excreta were composted and seen as an important resource for nutrients since centuries. Ladakh (“Little Tibet”) is one of the last remaining traditional cultures on earth. Leh is situated in a mountainous desert 3,500 m above sea level with long cold winters and severe water scarcity with rainfall below 100 mm per year. In the 1970s, tourism came to Ladakh undermining traditional agrarian lifestyle and values. In the case of sanitation, especially in Leh people tried to replace traditional sanitation systems by waterborne toilet systems. This development e.g. increased water supply problems and pollution of surface and groundwater due to leakages and disposal of untreated wastewater. The waterborne systems often simply drain into the irrigation systems of the urban and peri-urban agriculture of Leh, leading to smell and hygienic concerns. An additional problem of waterborne systems in this region is freezing of pipes during winters with temperatures reaching minus 30 °C. In 1978, the ecological Ladakhi project was founded in order to preserve and develop ways of living adapted to the local conditions and values. An indigenous NGO, LEDeG, started an Ecology Centre for visitors in Leh establishing a soft tourism approach and facilitating close contact of tourists to the nature-based life of the Ladakhi society. In the centre, a demonstration facility of the traditional Ladakhi toilet system is implemented.

Combined soil, faeces and urine mixture

Traditional composting toilet; two-pit traditional toilet; trombe-wall, solar, passive toilet.

The quantity of composted excreta collected for reuse is about 3 m3 per year. The amount of soil added per year is about 2 m3 . The excreta and soil mixture is removed once a year and traditionally reused as fertiliser and soil conditioner, commonly in urban agriculture.

Total investment was 40,000 INR (appr. 650 Euro). The cost for each ecosan toilet in a household was 15,000 - 20,000 INR (appr. 300 Euro).

Traditional composting toilet (at the Ecology Centre): Based on the traditional local toilet system, improved by a black-painted vent-pipe (like in VIP latrines) to ventilate the collection chamber and reduce flies. Most traditional houses have an indoor toilet on the upper floor. Due to an extremely dry climate it is possible to process human excreta indoors without prior diversion of urine, by using a combination of soil composting and dehydration. On the floor of the toilet, there is a thick layer of soil from the garden. In the floor, a drop hole leads to a small ground-floor room. This room can only be reached from the outside. People excrete on the soil which is on the floor and then push soil and excreta together down the drop hole. - If the demonstration toilet in the Ecology Center is properly used and maintained, it is accepted as the traditional solution.- Ashes from the kitchen are added from time to time to reduce moisture and thus improve compost quality.- Improving the traditional system with a ventilation increases the comfort of the system.- If compost process is not finished, it is brought to a nearby field and covered with soil to finalise the process.SEI (2004). Ecological Sanitation.

see http://www.susana.org/images/documents/06-case-studies/en-susana-cs-india-leh-composting-toilet-2009.pdf.

LEDEGLadakh Ecological Development GroupDirector: Sonam Dawa

Updated 18.05.2009 Philipp Feiereisen; updated 11.09.09 Isabelle Kunze ([email protected]); updated Nadira Khawaja from case study 12.11.09 ([email protected])

yes, see http://www.susana.org/images/documents/06-case-studies/en-susana-cs-india-leh-composting-toilet-2009.pdf.

142India

Demonstration of household urine diversion dehydration toilets in Nagasandra Village, Karnataka

Nagasandra Village near Berngaluru in the state of Karnataka

2008

9 double-vault UDDTs (one per household), assuming 5 people per family (said in film)

Rural area

Mythri Sarva Seva Samithi, Gram Panchayat (local governments at the village or small town level), WASTE

Mythri Sarva Seva Samithi, Gram Panchayat, WASTE

Demonstration of household urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDT) with reuse of urine and dried faeces for promotion as a productive sanitation option in an agricultural village

WASTE, Dr. Srinivasamurty / PhD students from Arghyam- GKVK Centre of Excellence on Productive Sanitation, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore

Nagasandra is a village comprising 65 households. Agriculture and animal husbandry are the main occupations in the village. The village had 55 acres of irrigated land and 130 acres of rain-fed agricultural land.

Separate streams of faeces, urine and anal cleansing water respectively.

Double-vault UDDT

Urine used as liquid fertiliser; faeces used as a soil conditioner

Vishvanath Skrikantaiah, email: [email protected]

No

- Two above-ground defecation chambers, used alternatively.- First chamber opened after storage time of 8 months. - Use cover of millet grain and ash from cooking as drying and cover material after defecation.- Urine stored in a container or pipe leads directly to neighbouring fields for fertilisation of ash gourd crop. - Wash water appears to be used in the fields.

- On the 1st of September, 2009 the first dessicating chamber was successfully opened. The dried matter had no smell was excellently dessicated and has been picked up for pathogen and nutrient analysis. - In the same village, the Arghyam- GKVK Centre of Excellence on productive sanitation runs a farmers' field trial. The latest experiment has been on ash gourd and this too has shown excellent results with human urine application in 3 split doses. The crop flowered early, sprouted fruit early and had larger fruits than usual.Project is demonstrated on You Tube, see http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RRTPFs6JRX0&feature=channel_page.

New, 08.09.2009 Isabelle Kunze ([email protected]) Update 12.11.2009 Nadira ([email protected]) from youtube film

143India

Urine diversion dehydration toilets for households, Ranchi, Jharkhand

Construction of urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) in a rural area with reuse for fertiliser

Jagriti Vihara, Mcluskieganj-829208, Jharkhand, Ranchi District, Jharkhand State, India

05/2008 - 12/2008

Rural area: hilly terrain, tribal village

Jagriti Vihara

Jagriti Vihara

SEI-UNICEF

Poor sanitation conditions.

35 households presumably with a UDDT each and estimated 175 users (assumption from country list of 5 people per household)

Presumably separate streams of urine, faeces and washwater respectively

UDDT

Urine used as fertiliser for kitchen gardening

INR: 374,000 (US$ 8,300)

Final report will be available soon.

[email protected], Prakash Kumar WES Consultant Delhi India, [email protected]

new, 25.08.2009, Isabelle Kunze ([email protected])

No

144India

Urine diversion dehydration toilets for the rural poor, Chennai, Tamil Nadu

Construction of urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) in a rural area with reuse for fertiliser

10/2008-09/2009

Rural area

Tamilnadu Ecosan Initatives

Tamilnadu Ecosan Initatives

SEI-UNICEF

Tamilnadu Ecosan Initiatives, Arputham Illam, 2/362,Mettu Street , Ayyappanthangal, Chennai: 600056, Tamilnadu



UDDT

Urine used for kitchen gardening/fertiliser

INR: 599,000 (US$ 13,300)

ongoing project



No

145India

Urine diversion dehydration toilets for households at a coastal area in Bhuvneshwar, Orissa

Construction of urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) with reuse for fertiliser

Bhuvneshwar

Plan India,MIG 19, Lakshmisagar Phase II, Bhuvneshwar, Orissa state

11/2008- 06/2009

Coastal region

PREM Plan and Plan International

PREM Plan and Plan International

SEI-UNICEF

100 % coverage with ecosan



UDDT

Urine used for vegetable/kitchen farming

INR: 800,000 (US$ 17,800)



No

146India

Construction of UDDTs and reuse of products as fertiliser

Dindigul

10/2008-09/2009

Rural Education and Action for Liberation (REAL)

REAL

SEI-UNICEF

Urine diversion dehydration toilets at households in the drought-prone, water-scarce area of Dindigul District, Tamil Nadu

Rural Education and Action for Liberation (REAL) , M2/179, R M Colony, 12th Cross Street, Dindigul 624008, Tamilnadu.


Poor sanitation conditions, open defecation lead to a series of health problems and caused uneasiness among women and girls who felt insecure and prone to abuse at times.


UDDT

Urine used for vegetable farming

INR: 397,200 (US$ 8,830)



No

The construction of ecosan toilet systems was very successfull in order to setup a hygienic system of human waste disposal, retrieve and reuse of nutrients from human waste and to economise water use. Overall, the project improved the living conditions and provided a sense of security and hgyiene to women/girls in the village.

Reports; REAL Annual report 2007/2008 http://realvpm.org/downloads/ar0708.pdf (in particular section on Water and Sanitation, p 11/12).

147India

Near Dimapur

Rural area: Hilly terrain

C-CERP

C-CERP

SEI-UNICEF

Urine diversion dehydration toilets at rural households as a demonstration of an effective sanitation option for the state of Nagaland

Piloting of urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) with rural households and reuse of products in agricultural lands, as an effective solution for the poor sanitation conditions, with the long-term view of upscaling ecosan in the whole state.

Beisumpuikam Village 40 km away from Dimapur, Peren District, Nagaland.Care-Centre for Environment and Rural Poor (C-Cerp), A-Mao Colony, United North Block, Sector B, Khatkhati Road, Dimapur, Nagaland

12/2008-07/ 2009

20 toilets with rural households, with estimated 100 people (assuming 5 people per household from country list)

This ecosan project is one of the first within Peren District in Nagaland State. The village was chosen for the project because it is a neglected area in terms of development. The village cannot avail opportunities from the headquarters and sanitation is very poor; its water is contaminated and unfit for human consumption.

Separate streams of urine, faeces and wash water respectively.

Doube-vault UDDT

[email protected]; Prakash Kumar WES Consultant Delhi India, [email protected].

No

Faeces will be used for agriculture after one year of storage; Urine and wash water is diverted and let into the home garden.

INR: 977,980 (US$: 21,700)The C-Cerp toilet model costs around INR 9,000 for bamboo thatched walls and INR12,000 for cemented structures. If used correctly, the toilet can last for 15 to 20 years.

The eco-san toilet is built above the ground with twin chambers beneath the toilet pan. Ash, soil or lime is strewn over the collected matter to dehydrate and deodorise it. The collected matter is reduced to manure in about one year (in Nagaland context) without any stench and can then be used for agriculture. Urine and wash water is diverted and let into the home garden.

- UNICEF is also trying to make an impact in the GoI policy. Ecosan is just one component out of the five ecological sanitation elements of brown, yellow, rain, grey water and solid waste.- C-Cerp officials said they will be coming out with a document on the pilot project of eco-san in a month’s time with inputs from users of Beisumpuikam village. The implementing agency is also in the process of organising an awareness programme on the do’s and don’t of the eco-san toilets. And if the eco-san project is successful in its experimentation here in the State, C-Cepr hopes that with assistance of the state Nagaland Post article entitled "Hygienic 'eco-san' toilets for rural areas" (published 14/08/2009) see: http://www.nagalandpost.com/ShowStory.aspx?npoststoryiden=UzEwMTYzNDE%3D-2lAEJuTWDvI%3D. Eastern Mirror Nagaland article entitled "Eco-san: recycling human waste into fertilizer", see http://www.easternmirrornagaland.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=13376:eco-san-recycling-human-waste-into-fertilizer&catid=61:top-news (published 03/08/2009)

new, 25.08.2009, Isabelle Kunze ([email protected]).Updated 13.11.09 from articles Nadira ([email protected])

http://www.nagalandpost.com/ShowStory.aspx?npoststoryiden=UzEwMTYzNDE%3D-2lAEJuTWDvI%3D

148India

Urine diversion dehydration toilets at households in Kolkata, West Bengal

Construction of household UDDTs and reuse of products as fertiliser

Kolkata

Water for People, 26/1/1, Gariahat Road (south), Kolkata 700031

12/2008-03/2009

Coastal region

Water for People

Water for People

SEI-UNICEF

Poor sanitation conditions



UDDTs

Urine used for vegetable farming

INR: 138,000 (US$ 3,070)

Reports



No

149India

Urine diversion dehydration toilets at households in a village near New Delhi

Construction of UDDTs in a rural area and reuse of products as fertiliser

near Delhi

Humana People to People India, C-183, First Floor , Madhuban, Preet Vihar, New Delhi:110092.

12/2008-12 2009

Rural area: in the plains

Humana People to people India

Humana People to people India

SEI-UNICEF

Partially covered village near Delhi



UDDT

Urine used for gardening

INR: 500,000 (US$ 11,100)

Reports

[email protected],Prakash Kumar WES Consultant Delhi India, [email protected]


No

150India

Urine diversion dehydration toilets in Thergaon Village, Maharashtra

Construction of urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDT) on a pilot scale in a rural area

Thergaon Village, Taluka Ozar, District Nashik, Maharashtra State

2007 - 2008

Rural area

Ecosan Services Foundation and Maharashtra Jeevan Pradhikarasn (MJP)

Ecosan Services Foundation (ESF)

The farmers used to use artificial fertilisers for their farms.

Start of construction: September 2007End of construction: April 2008Start of operation: July 2008. Project Completed.

1 UDDT is constructed for 15 people of a family. 2 UDDTs are constructed for male and female workers of a farm. (how many people?)

Separated streams of urine, faecal matter, and anal cleansing water respectively

Double-vault UDDT

40,000 INR (approx. 570€)

Mrs. Pradnya Thakur, Head Projects, ESF, email:[email protected]

Mrs. Pradnya Thakur, on 6th October, 2009 (email:[email protected])

No

Urine is reused as fertiliser for the farms. The faecal matter is not yet ready for reuse but will be applied as fertiliser.

Because of low soil bearing capacity (black cotton soil), a strong foundation of 1.2 m was necessary. Volume of storage compartments: 1 m x 1.2 m x 1 m = 1.2 m3

Faecal chambers are used alternatively, i.e. faeceal matter is dessicated and treated by storage (storage period?)

Farmers are using excreta as fertiliser. They are currently using stored urine, and dessicated faecal matter (which is not yet ready ) will also be reused as fertiliser, thus reducing the cost of buying artificial fertiliser and increasing their farm yield. The owners are satisfied with the UDDTs.

151India

Decentralised wastewater treatment and reuse system at Oasis Resort, Pune City

Decentralised wastewater treatment system for a resort with reuse of treated effluent

Pune City

NDA road, Kothrud (Chandni Chowk area), Pune - 411029

2009

Urban area: resort (lodging facilities only for staff)



seecon

Start of construction: March 2009 End of construction: June 2009 Start of operation: September 2009

Treatment system for wastewater generated by 700 to 800 persons (floating population: per week; 200 -300 on weekdays, 500 - 600 for weekends) and 70 staff members (out of which 35 residential staff)

The resort has no municipal water supply, thus the freshwater has to be supplied by tanker. Earlier, two treatment systems were inefficient in treating the wastewater; thus, the owner desired a reliable tratment system for reusing treated wastewater for gardening purposes. There are flush toilets present in all sections of the resort.

Wastewater from kitchen, from toilets (black water), from bathrooms (grey water)- combined, right?

Oil & grease trap, settler, baffle reactor, up-flow filter & collection tank

The treated wastewater will be reused for gardening purposes

Approximately INR 300,000 (approx. 4,300 €)



No

There was a treatment system already present. Instead of a totally new design, there are some modifications made in the earlier design.

152India

Decentralised wastewater treatment and reuse system at Kamilini Kuteer Resort, Khariv, Pune

Decentralised wastewater treatment system for a resort with reuse of treated effluent

Khariv,Taluka Velha, Pune District - 412212.

2009

Serves 25 people

Rural area: resort (with lodging facilities for customers)



seecon

Start of construction: April, 2009 End of construction: June, 2009 Start of operation: June, 2009 Ongoing monitoring period planned for: October 2009 Project end: November 2009

The resort is situated next to Kanindi River and is surrounded by agricultural land. The wastewater produced in the resort was treated on-site in a septic tank. The effluent of the septic tank percolated into the ground; there was no reuse of the water. Leakage of septic tank caused unhygienic conditions around the tank and river, and therefore the owner of the resort decided to go for a more sophisticated treatment system. A small sewer network collects and transports the entire wastewater from the bungalows and the kitchen to a location behind the bungalows. Fresh water for the resort is pumped up daily from the nearby river.

Wastewater from kitchen, From toilets (brown water), from bathrooms (grey water)- combined, right?

Settler, Baffle Reactor and Upflow Filter steps, already present septic tank used as collection tank

INR 200,000 (approx. 2,900 €)



No

The treated wastewater will be reused for gardening purposes. Sludge can be co-composted with wet organic material. The compost can be used as soil conditioner in the garden

Generated wastewater: 5 m3/d Inlet BOD: 240 mg/l The tanks are designed for a desludging period of 2 years.

Concerning construction of the treatment system, the only challenge was the fact that there was a rocky part at the location of excavation; to minimise the construction costs the location had to be shifted 1 meter.

153India

Thane, Mumbai

Thane, Mumbai

2008 - ongoing

Serves 1,276 people

Urban area: residential


Enviro-con consultancy

Paradigm Environmental Strategies Ltd.

Decentralised wastewater treatment and reuse system at residential complexes at Khidkali and Desai, Thane, Mumbai

Decentralised wastewater treatment system for residential blocks (one location or two separate locations?) and reuse of treated effluent

Start of planning: November 2008Stake holder meetings have been done and their consent has been taken.Current phase: construction (excavation)

Previously, only one treatment system for the whole residential complex was planned. Due to hard rock, it has been divided into 5 small treatment systems.



No

Wastewater & organic waste from kitchen, from toilets (brown water) & bathrooms (grey water)- all combined right?

Primary treatment of the wastewater in a Biogas Settler, secondary treatment of the settler effluent in an Anaerobic Baffle Reactor (ABR) and Fix Film Reactor (AF). Further aerobic and anaerobic treatment in a Planted Gravel Filter (PGF); collection of the treated water in two Collection Tanks. Overflow of the tanks into an infiltration ditch.

Treated water reused for flushing, gardening & infiltration into the ground. Sludge is disposed off through tankers and converted into organic compost. Biogas (methane) is used for electricity generation.

5 treatment systems of 74 Kld, 79 Kld and 15 Kld at Desai ; 18Kld and 139 Kld at Khidkali. Excavation work is going on presently.

154India

UDDTs for households

Mahabalipurum

Poonjeri Habitation, Masimanagar, Town Mahabalipurum, Tamilnadu

Project completed.

3 household toilets for total 15 people.

Town near seashore

Ecosan Services Foundation

Jointly by Ecosan Services Foundation and India NGO, Chennai

Mahabalipuram Town Panchayat

Household urine diversion dehydration toilets at Poonjeri Habitation, Mahabalipurum Town, Tamil Nadu

The project is near the seashore.There is enough space for plantation and urine application. 50 houses were without toilets. The need of the project was of 50 toilets, but only 5 toilets were planned for individual houses. Earlier each house used to discharge their wastewater into their gardens. The people were very positive towards UDDTs and were ready to reuse treated human waste. A total of 3 UDDTs are functioning for single households with 5 members in each family. (what happeneed to other 2 toilets?)

???

INR 20,000 (approx. 290€) for a single UDDT

Size of the UDDT: 2 m x 1.20 m x 3 m



No

Separate streams of urine and faeces respectively. (other streams?)

Double-vault UDDT

155India

Action research with pilot, micro-credit

Talavadi village , Tamil Nadu

Jan-03

Approximately 200 people

rural farming households

MYRADA KRISHI VIGYAN KENDRA, and State Government

MYRADA KRISHI VIGYAN KENDRA and State government

UNICEF India

Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) for rural farming households in hilly village of Talavadi village, Tamil Nadu

c/o MYRADA KRISHI VIGYAN KENDRA 272 – Perumal Nagar,Puduvalliampalayam,Kalingiyam – 638 453Gobichettipalayam – TalukErode District (Tamil Nadu) INDIA

The original title is 'Ecosan Toilets In Hilly Terrain'. The project consisted of development initiatives related to integrated and organic farming and, the use of a revolving fund managed by SHG federations to finance members to build individual eco-san latrines in Tamil Nadu


Agriculture

unit costs from 4,000-12,000 Indian Rupees (use exchange rate of 60 INR = 1 EUR)

n/a for project but available for Myrada Krishi Vigyan Kendra- http://www.myradakvk.org/

entered by Belinda Abraham with information received from Prakash Kumar on 26 April 2010

no

no

Double vault urine diversion and compost toilet. New modification introduced to use a plastic drum instead of constructing chambers- saves about 40% of construction costs.

The two chamber toilet will be replaced by one chamber system. A “Plastic Drum” is used for collecting faeces for a year or so, once it fills, the drum is replaced with empty one. The filled drum is kept for six months for decomposition and used as manure. Like wise the plastic drum is changed as on when it fills. This reduces 40 % of the present construction cost and also reduces the cost for clearing the compost every year, the management also comparatively easy. 29 such models were constructed in erode district on pilot basis.

This approach followed a systematic path that graduated from farm waste to animal waste to human waste. Eco-san in this route of waste management has filled the gap very effectively. Because of this over all holistic approach, each household today has a bio-gas plant, bathroom with eco-friendly water heater, eco-san toilets, kitchen garden, cow shed with urine collection tank, and space for vermi-composting indigenous growth promoters and pest repellents, rain water harvesting, tree planting on field bunds, etc. Interestingly, Evaluation report,'MYRADA KRISHI VIGYAN KENDRA

ECOSAN TOILET IN HILLY TERRAIN– LESSONS LEARNED' (unpublished)

Prakash Kumar

Sustainable Sanitation ExpertUNICEF- Stockholm Environment Institute

New Delhi,IndiaMobile:+91 9968411430Telephone: +91-11-24606252Fax: +91-11-24691410,24627521

156India

pilot, monitoring and technical support

Dindigul District, Tamil Nadu

1.11.2008

Approximately 173 households or 865 people

rural households

Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Institute, Kodaikanal, Tamil Nadu, India

SEI and UNICEF

Promotion of urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) in rural households in Dindigul District, Tamil Nadu

“Ashwath Nivas”5-296, Anandhagiri 7th streetKodaikanal 624 101Dindigul District, Tamil NaduPhone: +91 4542 240881 Fax: +91 4542 240882

a. Jagriti Vihara Mccluskieganj, Ranchib. NIWYCD, Mandlac. Tamil Nadu Ecosan Initiatives, Chennaid. REAL, Dindigul

The project title is 'Capacity Building and Technical Support for SEI-Unicef Ecosan Pilot program partners in India'. WASH Institute, Kodaikanal was entrusted the responsibility of monitoring 4 projects being funded by Unicef-SEI to enable the pilot project partners across India to implement the program with capacity building and technical support from WASH Institute.

urine and faeces separated

Agriculture

For project monitoring and technical support 170,000 Indian Rupees or 2,870 Euros

Belinda Abraham entered from report received from P. Kumar 26 April 2010

no

no

UDDT- pour flush toilets (why pour flush toilets here?)

The four projects have been introduced to ecosan concepts and made thorough on the skills for construction of toilets. Awareness building is being continued and in the near future it is hoped all toilets constructed will be in better use and the message will spread to all members in the village and to the surrounding areas which will enable replication

monitoring report titled, 'Report on

Providing technical and capacity building support to UNICEF-SEI Ecosan projects in India '

Prakash Kumar

Sustainable Sanitation ExpertUNICEF- Stockholm Environment Institute

New Delhi,IndiaMobile:+91 9968411430Telephone: +91-11-24606252Fax: +91-11-24691410,24627521

157Indonesia

Tangerang and Surabaya

More than 30 units are build

Urban area: low-income settlements

BORDA

BORDA and BEST

BORDA

Decentralised wastewater treatment systems with reuse for urban low-income settlements, Tangerand and Surabaya

Decentralised wastewater treatment systems for urban low-income settlements as a part of the community sanitation system programme "MCK plus ++"

Wastewater

Decentralised Waste Water Treatment System (DEWATS technology)

Compost for soil improvement, biogas for cooking, treated wastewater for gardening or fish ponds

Construction cost: 15,000 €

No

http://www.borda-net.org/modules/cjaycontent/index.php?id=29

BORDA e.V.Fahrenheitstr. 9D-28359 Bremen

e-mail: [email protected]: +49 (0) 421 1 37 18, fax: +49 (0) 421 1 65 53 23

Christina 15.9.2009 small update.Contact updated by Paul Okan-Adjetey on 23/09/2010 from [email protected]

http://www.borda-net.org/modules/cjaycontent/index.php?id=29

158Indonesia

Kali Rungkut sub-district

East Surabaya

15 employees, visiting community people

Urban area: low-income settlement

Hamburg Universtiy of Technology

Pilot testing of ecological sanitation technologies at the Center for Urban Community Empowerment (Pusdakota), Kali Rungkut, Surabaya

Pilot ecosan demonstration project built in the office compound of the NGO Pusdakota as part of a Phd dissertation.

Sanitation facility coverage only reaches 65 %; the rest uses public toilet and naturalenvironments such as bushes and open ditches. Generally, those with a private toilet at their home use aseptic tank as on-site wastewater treatment. The outlet seeps directly into the groundwater, polluting it.Grey water is normally disposed directly into ditches and nearest rivers without further processing.Therefore, both groundwater and surface water are in bad conditions. Consequently, water from thewell is unfit for daily use. The 1997 SSDP Report shows that the incident index rate for diarrheareached 11.25 %, an alarming number indicating terrible sanitation conditions.

Urine, brownwater, greywater

Diluted urine and vermicompost as fertilser

Nadira on 27.08.09 from Phd dissertation of Almy Malisie

No

Urine diverting pour-flush toilet, pre-composting container for brown water, 2 vermicomposting bins, urine holding tank, urine storage tanks, constructed wetland

toilet: squatting, pour-flush urine diverting fiberglass toilet.pre-composting container: 250L plastic drum, tightly covered, with ventilation pipe, plastic sieve 10 cm from bottom of container supported by bricks and gravel, grille cloth hung in container to retain solid part of brown water. Liquid flows through gravel and bottom hole into wetland.vermicomposting bins: bins with holes in top and lower part. agitated once a week for homogenisation. Eisenia fetida and Lumbricus rubellus used. 30 days filling phase in pre-composting container. Solids transferred to bins and not treated for 7 days. Worms then added and vermicomposting for 30 and 60 days.Vermicomposting:- On day 60 of vermicomposting, faecal matter looked liked soil and no longer smelled like faeces.- P and K content increased during vermicomposting process. (reportedly linked to C:N ratio being lower than 20)- C:N ratio varied between 3.9 to 12, far lower than 25 required for optimal microbial degradation.Malisie, A.F. 2008. 'Sustainability Assessment on Sanitation Systems for Low IncomeUrban Areas in Indonesia', Phd dissertation submitted to TUHH.

http://www.tu-harburg.de/aww/publikationen/pdf/diss/DissAlmyMalisie.pdf.

http://www.tu-harburg.de/aww/publikationen/pdf/diss/DissAlmyMalisie.pdf.

159Israel

Ganei Tikva

Ganei Tikva, east of Tel Aviv

Urban area: residential

Eli Cohen of Ayala Water & Ecology, working alongsinde Syrkin Buchner Kornberg Consulting Engineers

Ayala Water & Ecology

Landscape-integrated constructed wetland system for the treatment and reuse of greywater of a residential block at Ganei Tikva (not authorised for operation yet)

Integrating greywater treatment and reuse with landscaping elements in a residential area, using constructed wetland system.

Current state: construction completed Start of the project: awaiting approval by the Ministry of HealthConstruction completed, cells all planted, ornamental pond due to be sealed, pumps and electromechanical equipment still need to be installed.

550 residences with estimated 2,200 inhabitants (assuming 4 people/household from country list)Reuse from 100 m³ wastewater/day

Located in an urban environment wiht 550 residencesSubtropical region, dry and hot summer.

Greywater

Constructed wetland system

Reuse of wastewater for agricultural irrigation and wetland treatment

No

The intention is to collect wasterwater from the residential area in an underground settling pond to separate out the non-degredable material. The water will be pumped to the top of a constructed wetland treatment system and will be collected in reservoir, after UV treatment, will again be pumped to the top of the system, this time to flow down through an ornamental pond. Excess flow will be drawn off and used for landscape irrigation.

96 cells, each 4 m by 4 m and 0.8 m deep with different plants. The ornamental pond is approximately 900 m² with the inlet water quality to this set at 5 mg/l BOD, 5 mg/l total suspended solids and a zero value for E.coli. The project is still awaiting approval by the Ministry of Health. In the meantime, grey water from the residential area is routed to the sewer and the plants of the natural treatment system are being watered by mains water.

Article: Extending Israeli reuse in the urban environment in "Water 21"; magazine of the International water association, August 2009

http://www.ayala-aqua.com

Ayala Water & Ecology

Moshav Zippori, Israel 17910

Tel. 972-77-7008156

Fax. 972-77-3008156

E-Mail: [email protected]

Laura Simon: 13.11.2009 ([email protected]).Contact updated by Paul Okan - Adjetey on 23/09/[email protected]

http://www.ayala-aqua.com/

160Japan

Automated composting toilet system at Asahiyama Zoo, Asahikawa City

Heated and automated composting toilets installed as public toilets at the zoo

Asahikawa City

Kuranuma, Higashi Asahikawa-cho, Asahikawa City, Japan

1997

Start of the project: 1997

Gradual installation of 31 bio-toilets since 1997, approx. 4,000 users per day

Rural area

Seiwa Denko Co., Ltd. and Hokkaido University (Sustainable Sanitation Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering)

Seiwa Denko Co., Ltd.

Located in a rural area, not covered by a sewage system. Before waste was collected using pumping cars. Problems are odour, high maintenance costs, functional and operational problems especially in winter. Temperatures –20 / –30, biotoilet system (OWDTS) should be implemented. Visitors will be 1.45 million during the year 2004.

Excreta

Composting toilet

Compost for agriculture

No

Investment for all complete toilets: appr. € 42,000. Running costs: appr. € 20-25 per month and toilet (mainly of costs for maintenance personnel and energy costs)

A Biotoilet is an automated type of composting reactor that utilizes sawdust as an artificial soil matrix for biodegradtion of human excreta. The system consists of the following main components: Excreta falls/runs from the toilet bowl and/or urinal to the electronically steered composting reactor. There it is automaticallymixed in certain intervals and ventilated. To ensure an optimum temperature for the composting the reactor is electrically heated as far as necessary. Almost all of the installed bio-toilets in Asahiyama zoo are used to treat both faeces and urine, while few units are just used to collect urine from urinals.

During eight years of monitoring so far no problem has been encountered. The zoo authorities can now open the zoo even during winter season because freezing is no longer a problem. Each unit works even at extreme conditions like freezing temperatures. The public accepted it very well, especially since there are no odour problems, which are often encountered in other toilet systems. Since there are adapted toilet types also for special needs like those of handicapped people or portability of whole units no major PDS 030 http://www.gtz.de/en/dokumente/en-ecosan-pds-030-automated-compost-toilet-asahiyama-zoo-2006.pdf

www.xauat.edu.cn/FUWWS-XIAN2005/keynote-pgf/Naoyuki%20Funamizu.pdf

Dania 09.02.2006; Update 18.05.2009: Philipp FeiereisenNadira ([email protected]) 24.02.2010 inserted information from Gtz datasheet (see above)

http://www.xauat.edu.cn/FUWWS-XIAN2005/keynote-pgf/Naoyuki%20Funamizu.pdf

161Jordan

Use of treated wastewater in agriculture, Jordan Valley

2003 - 2011

Rural area

Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH

Jordan Valley Authority

BMZ (German Federal Ministry for Economic Collaboration and Development) via GTZ

Development of optimised fertigation (irrigation and fertiliser) practices by farmers using reclaimed water for irrigation based on their specific site conditions

Farms in the middle and southern Jordan Valley extending over a length of about 50 km between Kreimehand the Dead Sea.

The project was, and still is, part of three consecutive GTZ programmes (carried out on behalf of the German ministry BMZ):1. from 2003 - 2006: Reclaimed Water Project2. 2006 - 2009: Water Management in Irrigated Agriculture3. 2009 - 2011: Water Resource ManagementAbout 4,000 farm units with 10,000 ha irrigable area;

The Jordan Valley is characterised by low annual rainfalls (an average of less than 300 mm at Deir Alla and 100 mm at South Shuneh). However, the mild winter season between November and April allows an off-season production of vegetables under irrigation. The majority of the farmers are small scale farmers, with anaverage farm area of about 3 hectares. Complementary activities of another GTZ project (Water Management in Irrigated Agriculture) support the establishment of water user associations in order to improve the water use efficiency. Both projects belong to the GTZ Water Program in Jordan.

In Jordan there are 22 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) treating approx. 250 ML/d of wastewater. Most of the treatment plants are small, except for the plant as As-Samra, which treats more than 80% of this quantity. In 2008 this plant was rehabilitated from a stabilisation pond system to an activated sludge system. Approximately 66% of Jordan’s WWTP effluent of 250 ML/d is used for irrigation in the Jordan Valley. In theory, untreated industrial wastewater is not allowed to be mixed in before treatment at Khirbet As-Samra WWTP,however it happens very often.

Wastewater

Irrigation water

Reclaimed Water Project (RWP), P.O. Box 926 238, Amman 11190, Jordan

Yes

WWTP (at As-Samra, the largest plant) with activated sludge, nutrient removal and chlorine disinfection.Water transport infrastructure and drip irrigation infrastructure.(not built by project)

- In the project region the main source of reclaimed water for irrigation is the treatment plant at Khirbet As-Samra, the country’s largest treatment plant with a yearly effluent of currently 137 ML/d.- From King Talal Reservoir (KTR) the discharged effluent is led via further wadis (small streams) and canals to the middle and southern Jordan Valley. The reservoir is solely used for agriculture and has a capacity of 75 Mm3.- The distance to the main canal in the Jordan valley is 14 km, and this main canal has an extension from north to south of 90 km. At the end of these canals, the reclaimed water is finally used to irrigate about 4,000 farms with an area of approx. 10,000 ha.- The use of reclaimed water for irrigation is generally a sensitive topic in the public due to lack of information. No country-wide crop monitoring system for crops irrigated with reclaimed water has been established yet due to unclear roles (and overlapping of roles) between involved agencies with regards to who should be in charge of such a scheme for monitoring biological contamination of crops.- Providing guidelines in this field helps to clarify and improve the situation. The majority of farmers in the project area are not aware of the nutrient content of the reclaimed water and are beginning to appreciate information regarding reclaimed water quality.SuSanA case study, 'Use of treated wastewater in agriculture, Jordan Valley'. (see website below)

http://www.susana.org/images/documents/06-case-studies/en-susana-cs-jordan-treated-wastewater-reuse-2009.pdf

Dania 09.02.2006Sören 14.02.2007, Update,PN 2002.2108.5Christina 16.9.2009 (colour changed from orange to white)Nadira ([email protected]) 24.02.10 added information from SuSanA case study

http://www.susana.org/images/documents/06-case-studies/en-susana-cs-jordan-treated-wastewater-reuse-2009.pdf

162Jordan

Demonstration of decentralised wastewater treatment and reuse for households

2002

find out more about this project, the treatment technologies used (since it mentions constructed wetlands but then describes trickling filters). What about reuse. No of users? Where?

demonstration project- what, how?

The first phase was focused on capacity building and awareness raising. While on the current phase six different demonstration systems for water collection and storage, wastewater treatment and reuse are being realised. 45 home gardens are being built.

Wastewater

Constructed wetland

Treated wastewater for irrigation of the home gardens


No

This system consists of a septic tank followed by an anaerobic (upflow) rock filter and a trickling filter, with recirculation from the trickling filter back to the pumping tank.The anaerobic filter is used prior to the trickling filter to provide for further BOD and TSS reduction to improve nitrification. Enhanced total nitrogen removal may be achieved by recirculatng the nitrified effluent from the trickling filter to the anoxic conditions in the upflow rock filter or the influent of the septic tank, which is not the case of the original design. Sufficient organic carbon can be provided from the septic tank filter recirculation to the upflow filter for the denitrifying bacteria. The trickling filter unit doesn’t include a

[email protected] or [email protected] or [email protected] (Markus is not longer with Ecosanclub?)

163Kazakhstan

Urine diversion dehydration toilets in and around Aksu-Jabagly and Naurzum Game Reserves

2008 - 2010

Game reserves, rural and urban areas

MCJM, Bionet-Naurzum

Ministry of Foreign Affairs, The Netherlands.

Portable urine diversion dehydration toilet (UDDT) built at a camp within the nature reserve.Other UDDTs also built and constructed wetland planned (but details not known)

Aksu-Jabagly Reserve is located in the mountainous area in the south of Kazakhstan on the territory of the Western Tian-Shan. Naurzum Reserve is located in steppe zone of Kostanay region.In and around Aksu-Jabagly Game Reserve: Villages Karamendy and Urkash; Naurzum Game Reserve: Villages Tonkeris and Baldybrek.

20 pilot UDDTs constructed, including two school UDDT. Planned for 2009: 3 school dry toilets, 2 constructed wetlands for greywater. (Additionally, urine diverting slabs by the SISTROM technology (Russian) and production of household dry toilets are planned)

Members of Ecoforum of NGOs of Kazakhstan: Mountain club ”Jabagly-Manas”, “Угам”, “Aksu-MSCH”, “Naurzum Bionet”, “Ecocenter of Karaganda c., “Eco-center ” Ak Tyrna”, “Association of single mothers of Tekely town”, “Ak-Kem-Rider”, Women in Europe for a Common Future (WECF)

Aksu-Jabagly Reserve is the oldest game reserve in Central Asia. Cesspools and discharge of waste waters just on the surface is traditional. No village in rural districts has any treatment facilities. With growing material well-being more and more people are able to build the toilets with flushing. Already now, the South-Kazakhstan region is one of most affected, concerning infectious diseases. Naurzum Reserve has impoverished population. The water supply systems constructed in the times of USSR are not functioning. 95% of the population uses water from wells, which in most cases does not correspond to sanitary standards. Rural schools have no warm toilets. The possibility of catching infectious and catarrhal diseases is very high. Because of pit latrines, nitrate levels found between 50 - 500 mg/l

Separate streams of urine and faeces respectively, greywater

Urine as fertiliser for garden

No

No

Portable UDDT; double-vault household and school toilets; constructed wetlands;

Mobile UDDT built at camp: 300 EURSchool UDDT: 2,000 EUR

Mobile UDDT built at camp:Simple portable construction: double chamber made of iron sheets, green tent-textile, ventilation pipe, canister for urine, some wood and linoleum for floor, and 30 minutes for installation.

Lesson Learnt:- Inspectors in the game reserves have too low a salary (about 100 EURO). They have no interest in tourism, the less tourists come the less troubles for them. So nobody and nothing can make them take care of the toilets.- Many people are interested in good quality slabs. Absence of local production of slabs is a bottleneck of spreading of UDDTs. Understanding the importance of sanitation is improving the situation of poor people.

http://www.drytoilet.org/dt2009/pdf/present_Rauf_Sabitov.pdfhttp://www.thewaterchannel.tv/index.php?option=com_hwdvideoshare&task=vi

Rauf Sabitov, Chair of NGO “Mountain club Jabagly-Manas”, Taraz city, Kazakhstan, E-Mail: [email protected], Tel: 7(7262) 571111, 310168, Mob: +77012335668

Nadira on 24.08.09, intial entry made from map attachment email of Dr. Claudia Wendland to Elisabeth (16.06.09)Update Dr. Claudia Wendland, Email: [email protected], on 01.03.10

http://www.drytoilet.org/dt2009/pdf/present_Rauf_Sabitov.pdf

164Kenya

Implementing urine diversion dehydration toilets and a wetland as a part of the ROSA project

Nakuru

Nakuru, Rift Valley Province, Kenya

Oct. 2006 - Sep. 2009

Unplanned settlements, schools and community gathering places like churches

Strategic sanitation & waste plans (SSWPs) in Nakuru

Nakuru ROSA team

EU through ROSA

Resource-Oriented Sanitation concepts for peri-urban areas in Africa (ROSA), using urine diversion dehydration toilets and a wetland, Nakuru

Construction of 15 UDDTs, 2 soak pits, 9 urinal basins, one wetland, 2 shallow pits, one hand wash and one agriculture demonstration plot. (Also awareness raising and sensitisation was done by using posters, callenders and workshops).The indirect beneficiaries of the project is the whole population of Nakuru (i.e. 400,000 people) while direct beneficiaries are 230 people and 28 households.

Poorly managed storm water drains, poor solid waste management, sewer blockages, unplanned settlement structures


UDDTs; wetland

Reuse of urine and faeces for agriculture

Beneficiaries contribute labour force and materials are bought by the project

Double-vault UDDT with squatting pan

http://rosa.boku.ac.at/

Benedict M. Mutua, ROSA project. Nakuru Kenya.

No

The municipal council is working together with NGOs, CBOs and donors like ITDG through JICA, WASTE; after 2 years set-up of collection, treatment and commercial re-use of excreta; special requirements for single-chamber UDDTs is optimal for densely populated plots; users seem to be willing to pay for the collection service of faeces; not always enough ownership existent; re-use of excreta difficult in peri-urban areas (because of not depending on farming).https://dms.gtz.de/livelink-ger/livelink.exe?func=ll&objaction=overview&objid=51033974

Mndewa Lucas, 07.01.2009. Email: [email protected],PN 2004.2061.2 and 2004.2027.3; Christina 16.9.2009 from internal report of a visit (Feb. 2009) and colour changed from orange to white


165Kenya

Promotion of Private Sector Development in Agriculture (PSDA) Nairobi, Kenya

Jan. 2005 - Dec. 2007

GTZ, Ministry of Agriculture (PSDA)

GTZ, Ministry of Agriculture (PSDA)

BMZ, Bundesministerium für wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung

Developing service providers of compost and biogas plants for small scale farmers in western Nyanza rift valley, central and eastern provinces of Kenya

Developing entrepreneurs for the construction of small-scale biogas plants and training of self-help groups in making composting plants

3 entrepreneurs which offer services for construction and operation of biogas plants for a rising number of clients (22 clients in May 2006)

Firewood has become short because of cultivation of land and destruction of the forest cover, declining soil fertility. A large amount of waste and wastewater from farms is not used at all but polluting the environment.Hence cost saving and environment-friendly technologies for energy production, fertilisation and irrigationare needed.

Problems experienced earlier in the biogas plant construction and uptake have been mainly quality related bysemi trained or untrained masons. Until 1994 there have been several support programs for regenerative energies funded by diverse donors, that offered e.g. information literature or one-day trainings carried out by national NGOs.. A number of entrepreneurs who only participated in these far short workfigure shops or who were self trained by books, offered construction of inadequate biogas plants at the market, thus contributing negatively to the reputation of the technology.Although some private composting activities have been going on already for a number of years the used technologies were often inadequate, resulting in a poor quality product, unattractive to customers.

Blackwater

Biogas digestor (for human and animal waste), composting

Biogas for cooking and lighting; slurry and compost used as soil conditioner

SEE PDS 029

No

Investment costs for a turnkey 16 m3 biogas plant amount for instance to app. 1500 US$. Experience shows that an average investment of app. 80 - 100 US$ per m3 digester volume can be taken.Composting includes land costs

Biogas: The project targets to closely monitor the masons under training to ensure that they maintainquality and are only allowed to undertake constructions after being properly trained. Follow-up supervision and establishment of a network will contribute to monitoring of the skills development. However an upscaling of implementation of biogas plants would help to meet the masons comprehensive training requirements.

http://www.gtz.de/en/dokumente/en-ecosan-pds-029-small-scale-compost-biogas-kenya-2006.pdf

[email protected]

Update 18.05.2009: Philipp Feiereisen; Christina 16.9.2009 (small update and colour change from orange to white)Nadira (nadirakhawaja) 24.02.10 added information from GTZ datasheet

http://www.gtz.de/en/dokumente/en-ecosan-pds-029-small-scale-compost-biogas-kenya-2006.pdf


166Kenya

Urine diversion dehydration toilets at a clinic in Shela, Lamu Island

Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) at a clinic

Shela

Shela, Lamu Island

planned

Whereever the Need (WTN)

WTN

WTN

Eleven years of civil war (1991 to 2002) decimated the country. One of the poorest countries in Africa. In the villages looting and pillaging are still evident. The villages have poor or non-existent sanitary facilities, leading to many problems ranging from issues of health, to gender discrimination and empowerment.


UDDT

Nadira on 02.09.09 from email of D. Crosweller (02.09.09)

No

No

http://www.wherevertheneed.org.uk/projects/projects.htm

David Crosweller. email: [email protected]: (44) 01225 723673 fax: (44) 01225 723105


167Kenya

Urine diversion dehydration toilets at Khaimba Primary School, Butere

Urine diversion dehydration toilets for a school

Butere town

Butere a town in the Western province of Kenya

2005-2006, 2008 through EU-SIDA-GTZ EcoSan Promotion Project

Town area

EU-Sida-GTZ

Sida through KWAHO, later EU-Sida-GTZ EcoSan Promotion Project

Two units of UDDTs for teachers and two for students. One 40 m3 rainwater harvesting tank for handwashing.1000 pupils + teachers (number of teachers is not known).

A successful pilot project within the Ecosan promotion programme is Khaimba primary school (1000 pupils) in Butere, a town in the Western province of Kenya in the Butere/Mumias district.


UDDT

Fertiliser in the school farm land for crops such as banana, maize and spinach


No

For school it is also appealing to raise their social status and image with improved sanitation facilities that are likely to attract more students and funds. The awareness on environmental benefits of ecosan is well understood by the local population, but it is lower-ranking as an incentive for schools.

Christian Rieck, GTZ - Kenya, P.O.Box 12232, Tom Mboya street, 00400 Nairobi, Kenya. E-Mail: [email protected]

168Kenya

Nairobi

Ngong Road, Maji House, 3rd Floor/Suite 316

Oct 2006 - May 2010

Rural household, institutions, public places and peri-urban settlements

GTZ water program, Ministry of Water and Irrigation

Implementation of recycling-oriented sanitation services: urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs), wastewater treatment systems (biogas) and constructed wetlands (overarching project with many sub-projects)

Implementation of recycling-oriented sanitation services: urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs), waste water treatment systems (biogas) and constructed wetlands (this project was called the EPP: Ecosan Promotion Project, funded by EU, SIDA, GTZ)

Training on EcoSan philosophy, construction of 1000 UDDTs with rain water harvesting system for hand washing promotion and construction of 18 decentralised wastewater treatment systems (DTS) including biogas digesters, baffled reactors and a constructed wetlandBeneficiaries total of approx. 50,000 people from an avarage of 20 per UDDT and 1,500 per DTS unit.

GTZ EcoSan through Community Based Organisations (CBOs), Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs), Artisans, Water sector institutions like Water Services Trust Fund (WSTF), Water Services Boards (WSBs) and Water Service Providers (WSPs)

European Union (EU) through EU water facility ad co-funded by Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and German Technical Corporation (GTZ)

Low sanitation coverage. Pollution of water resources by raw sewage and pit latrines. Pit latrines in rural and urban areas pollute groundwater through leakage as well as surface water after strong rainfall and flooding. Occurence of water-related diseases is the result. High costs for re-investing in latrines after the pits are full, frequent flooding is prevelant and especially in areas where only shallow pits can be dug, e.g. rocky, collapsing soils and high groundwater table. Poor agricultural soils in many areas with subsitence farming and growing population. No and limited access to sanitation facilities in public places and institutions.

Separate streams of urine, faeces, blackwater, greywater and kitchen waste

Reuse of urine, faeces and treated waste water in agriculture. Use of biogas for cooking.

-

Christian Rieck 23.05.2010

double-vaults UDDTs for households and primary schools, low-flush toilets (school and public toilets), decentralised waste water treatment systems (DEWATS) with biogas digester (settler), anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR), anaerobic filter (AF), wetlands and ponds for schools, prisons and public toilets.

Beneficiaries contribute labour force and materials are bought by the project. Average costs for UDDTs is EUR 500, costs for DEWATS for schools including 5 stand toilet and hand wash unit cost EUR 20,000, costs for public toilet with 5 toilets, 2 showers, urinal and DEWATS are between EUR 30,000 and 40,000.

Double-vault UDDT with handwash facility- one per household and 2 bys units and 2 girl units in schools. Rainwater harvesting system is included. DEWATS with digester of size 54 CM, 90 CM and 124 CM; ABR with 6 chambers and 2 to 5 meter length and 1 meter width, AF with 2 chambers and 1,5 meter width and same lengths.one constructed wetland with 50 sqm. Shallow ponds of differents sizes.

Implementation of EcoSan in rural households requires initial training of communities through community based organisations. The communities easily adopts EcoSan technology when economic benefits are emphasised. Revolving fund scheme does well in the area as the money from the toilet in terms of sold agricultural products is saved for investment and to build other toilets (called ''factories'').

http://www.susana.org/images/documents/07-cap-dev/z-by-country/ssa/kenya/epp-rural-sanitation-hh-kenya-2009-en.pdfhttp://www.susana.org/images/documents/07-cap-dev/z-by-country/ssa/kenya/epp-sanitation-instituitions-kenya-2009-en.pdfhttp://www.susana.org/images/documents/07-cap-dev/z-by-country/ssa/kenya/epp-sanitation-public-places-kenya-2009-en.pdf

Paul Patrick Onyango, GTZ EcoSan, Majihouse Room 316. P.O Box 19512-00202 Nairobi, [email protected], [email protected] Rieck, GTZ ecosan program, Eschborn, [email protected]

Yeshttp://www.susana.org/lang-en/case-studies/region/ssa (case studies)

169Kenya

Naivasha

2007 - 2010

Urban area

EU-Sida-GTZ EcoSan Promotion Project

Public toilet with biogas plant and water kiosk at a bus park in Naivasha, Kenya, Rift Valley Province (one sub-project of larger ecosan project)

Public toilet with biogas plant next to a bus park extented with a water kiosk that also serves as the operators room (a sub-project of the larger EPP project, see entry to the left)

Naivasha Bus ParkNaivasha, Rift Valley Province, Kenya

Start of construction: October 2007Start of operation: July 2008Ongoing monitoring period until May 2010

Up tp 300 visitors per day (5 toilets cubicles, 1 urinal cubicle and 2 shower cubicles)

EPP - EcoSan Promotion Project Kenya(Supported by the EU, SIDA, GTZ and embedded in the Kenyan Water Sector Reform Program)

Water Service Provider: Naivasha Water, Sewerage and Sanitation Company Ltd. (NAIVAWASS)Water Service Trust Fund (WSTF)

Small town, area of 30 km2, and aproximately 70,000 people population. Less than 5% of household and businesses are connected to sewer system which is connected to a poorly functioning treatment facility. The town has five public toilets managed by the municipal council which are in an appalling state. The public toilets are therefore not conductive to healthy and comfortable living conditions. Naivasha Bus Park is located in the town center. It operates 24 hours a day for overland buses.The bus park is surrounded by residential areas where households mainly depend on individual or shared toilets. The water supply situation is chatacterised by unreliable water supply and insufficient quantities supplied (partly due to power shortages).

Combined wastewater from flushed toilets, flushed urinals, showers and hand washing.

Fixed dome biogas plant

Antonius Armanious, 17.02.2010, the entry of the date based on the case study on the SuSanA website.

Yes

Biogas for the stove of café used for cooking food and making tea. (Applied)Slurry (accumulated sludge) shall be used as soil conditioner. (Suggested)Treated effluent water could be used as a source of fertiliser and irrigation water. (Suggested - not possible due to prohibitive costs)

EUR 40,000 (material and labour costs for ablution block, water kiosk, biogas plant and adminstrative cost for the WSP.EUR 0.05 is the cost per visit based on 9000 visits per month, 10 years life span and 5% discount rate.Tariffs: EUR 0.05 per toilet use/EUR 0.1 per shower use/EUR 0.02 per 20-22 litre jerrican)

5 toilets cubicles (2 male and 3 female) equipped with a 10 L cistern each1 male wall urinal equiped with manual flushing2 shower cubiclesBiogas Plant:- Volume: 54 m3 with two expansion chambers- Assumed daily user frequency: 1,000 people- Design Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT): 5 daysSuccess factors:- A prepared business plan and management concept helped the water Servise Provider (WSP) and water Service Board (WSB) to fulfill their mandates and helped to ensure sustainable Service provision.- Coordinator supervision of the contractor is necessary to insure quality and timely work progress.- WSB and WSP must work closely together.SuSanA case study, 'Public toilet with biogas digester and water kiosk Naivasha, Central Kenya' (see website below)

See case study here: http://www.susana.org/lang-en/case-studies/region/ssa and photos on flickr http://www.flickr.com/photos/gtzecosan/sets/72157623254082278/

Paul Patrick Onyango, Project leader, GTZ EcoSan Promotion Project (EPP) KenyaT: +254 721 172 661E: [email protected] [email protected]

170Kenya

UDDTs were built as part of a 50,000 dollar project at St. Francis Girls Boarding High School in Kendu Bay

Kendu Bay

Estimated to have started in 2010. need to confirm by mail.

4 UDDT Toilets for 40 students

Urine diversion dehydration toilets at St. Francis Nyangajo Girls Boarding High School in Kendu Bay

The 4 UDDTs built were part of a $50,000.00 project. Money was raised to Build a Dormitory (Rodney & Robin House) which is housing 40 students, a drilled Water Well, which was to supply clean water to the School and surrounding community for at least the next 20 years. As pert of the project, 400 students and staff were supplied with Mosquito Nets to help prevent Malaria, thereby savings lots of lives each year.

UDDTs

Millie Klumpp,Tel.805-474-6100 or email [email protected]

Inserted by Paul Okan- Adjetey on 7/10/2010. [email protected]

http://www.facebook.com/home.php?#!/pages/Millies-Village/113851028625026?ref=ts

http://www.facebook.com/home.php?#!/pages/Millies-Village/113851028625026?ref=ts%0A%0A

171Kenya

Rambula Magoya

2008 - 2009

Number of inhabitants covered: 3,040

Rural area

GTZ EcoSan Promotion Project Kenya

Community Based Organisations

EU-Sida-GTZ EcoSan Promotion Project

Implementation of urine diversion dehydration toilets by Community Based Organisations, Ugunja District, Western Kenya (one sub-project of larger ecosan project)

Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) built by Community Based Organisations in rural areas and reuse of products on crops (a sub-project of the larger EPP project, see entry to the left)

Start of construction: October/2008End of construction: February/2009Start of operation: March/2009Ongoing monitoring period planned for: 8 monthsProject end: October 2009


Double-vault UDDT

Urine as fertilier and dried faeces as soil conditioner for kale and banana crops

The investment in one toilet is KSH 50,000 (approx. EUR 500)

Nadira ([email protected]) 24.02.10 inserted from SuSanA case study (see above)

Yes

Double-vault UDDT: Faeces are collected in two vaults underneath a plastic, urine separating squatting pan, where they are dried. There are two chambers, which are used alternatively and help in avoiding handling of unsanitised human excreta. When the first vault is full, the defecation hole is closed, and the squatting pan is transferred to the second vault. The urine is diverted by a funnel or specially designed toilet into a urine container underneath the toilet. The basic design parameters include waste production for sizing of the chambers. Faeces chambers have a volume of approx. 560 liters (length, width and height: 750 x 1,100 x 750The project has already created more interest in agricultural production as most people were not aware of reuse of human excreta as fertiliser. As a result of the project, the community members have formed a revolving fund where the extra income from the use of the EcoSan facilities is used for construction of more toilets for the members of the community based organisation. The experience has shown that contributions by the beneficiary are essential for ownership of the facility.SuSana case study, 'Implementation of urine diversion dehydration toilets by Community Based Organisation, Ugunja District, Western Kenya'. (see website below)

See case study here: http://www.susana.org/lang-en/case-studies/region/ssa and photos on flickr: http://www.flickr.com/photos/gtzecosan/sets/72157616661477861/

Paul Patrick Onyango, Project leader, GTZ EcoSan Promotion Project (EPP) KenyaT: +254 721 172 661E: [email protected] [email protected]

172Kosovo

Urine diversion dehydration toilets in a rural school, Blace Village

Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDT) in a rural school

Blace Village

2000 - 2001

School toilet for 500 pupils

Rural area: School

Posch & Partners Consulting Engineers in Consortia with SETEC

UNMIK, Municipality of Suva Reka

Austrian Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Blace: 3,500 inhabitants; 89% damaged houses; 55% completely destroyed;School director enthusiastic in the project


Reuse of dried faeces for agriculture

-

Teachers are not the ideal group for promoting ecosan as toilets are seen as a symbol of the poor

EcoSan (Blace/Vranic Kosovo); Teil 2: http://www.pap.co.at/downloads/Versuch%20EcoSan.pdf


No

For the 500 pupils school a sanitation building was constructed with washing and toilet facilities. The toilets are based on separation of urine and dehydration of faeces.

40,000 (?)

www.pap.co.at

[email protected]



173Kosovo

Piloting urine diversion dehydration toilets in Vranic and Blace Villages, Suva Reka Municipality

Piloting urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) in two villages

Vranic and Blace Villages, Suva Reka Municipality

2000 - to date

5 UDDTs for households. Assuming average household size of 7 (from country list), 35 users.

Rural area

Posch & Partners Consulting Engineers in Consortia with SETEC

UNMIK, Municipality of Suva Reka

Austrian Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Project 1: 2000 - 2001 Project 2: since 2002

Own governance since autumn 2001; no drainage; mainly latrines for sanitation; in reconstruction tendency towards flushing toilets; greywater infiltratesVranic: 3,200 inhabitants; 99% damaged houses; 68% completely destroyed;Blace: 3,500 inhabitants; 89% damaged houses; 55% completely destroyed

Double-vault UDDT

Reuse of faeces for gardening

EcoSan (Blace/Vranic Kosovo); Teil 2: http://www.pap.co.at/downloads/Versuch%20EcoSan.pdf

[email protected]


No

Separate streams of urine and faeces respectively. (beige water?)

20,000 (?)

For 5 pilot families a double-vault UDDT has been designed and implemented. The toilet had to be designed for the needs of the muslim population (preference for standing / water cleaning)

Succesful in Blace / Failed in VranicPossible reasons: Blace has older toilets, is economically worse off; good example from school toilet; hope for canalisation in Vranic.Ecosan accepted as provisional solution; better to implement in private field

www.pap.co.at


174Kyrgyzstan

Piloting of urine diversion toilets with households

Piloting of urine diversion toilets in Kyrgyzstan by four organisations

2006 - 2008

Planning phase/workshops in Dec. 2006 (two year project)

Each project partner will construct 3 toilets and 1 soil filter. Below it says that four partners are collaberating, i.e. 12 toilets. Assuming average household size of 5 (from country list), 60 users

Four Kyrgyz NGO partners are collaborating in this project: the rural women’s NGO ALGA, the ecological movement BIOM, Habitat for Humanity Kyrgyzstan, and the Public Association ULGU

Four Kyrgyz NGO partners are collaborating in this project: the rural women’s NGO ALGA, the ecological movement BIOM, Habitat for Humanity Kyrgyzstan, and the Public Association ULGU

Funded by: German Environment Ministry (UBA) under its consulting support programme.

Kyrgyzstan is among the poorest countries of the former Soviet Union. Its population in the rural areas faces many problems – bad sanitary conditions are among them. Kyrgyzstan’s National Statistics claim that only 12% of the rural population has access to improved sanitation. Outdoor pit-latrines are the norm. They are a cause for ground- and drinking water contamination, many infectious diseases, and also infant mortality.


Different types of urine diversion toilets and soil filters to the country's condition

Treated greywater for watering of the garden; treated urine and faeces for fertiliser

[email protected] ; [email protected] ; [email protected]

Analiza from Newsletter 23 dated February 2007; 27.08.2008

No

http://www.wecf.eu/english/articles/2007/01/uba_kz.php

http://www.wecf.eu/english/articles/2007/01/uba_kz.php

175Kyrgyzstan

Urine diversion dehydration toilets with urban and rural households

2006 - 2010

Rural and urban areas

Implementing urine diverison dehydration toilets (UDDT) with households and 2 constructed wetlands for households

Bishkek, Kant, Ivanovka, village Saruu, town Kerben, Osh, village KommunaProvinces: Chui, Jalalabat, Osh, Batken, Issyk-Kul, Naryn

ca. 300 household UDDTsAssuming an average household size of 5 (from country list), 1500 users

WECF, ALGA, BIOM, Habitat for Humanity, ULGU, Central Asian Alliance for Water and Mehr-Shavkat, Unison, Agerkech, KAWS

ALGA, BIOM, Habitat for Humanity, ULGU, Central Asian Alliance for Water and Mehr-Shavkat, Unison, Agerkech, KAWS

Dutch Ministry of Foreign Afairs, German Federal Environment Agency (Umwelt Bundesamt Germany), WECF


Toilets implemented under the programmes 1) Ein nachhaltiges dezentrales Abwassermanangement fuer Kirgisistan 2) Empowerment & Local Action


UDDT; constructed wetlands

The urine and dehydrated faeces will be used by farmers in their farmland, partly by households

200 - 600 EUR


No

Double-vault UDDT for households, partly self developed squatting and sitting urine diverting toilet; constructed wetlands for household grey water treatment

[email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

176Kyrgyzstan

Urine diversion dehydration toilets for six schools and one madrasah in rural areas

2008 - 2009

Rural area

WECF, ALGA, BIOM, ULGU, Central Asian Alliance for Water, Unison

ALGA, BIOM, ULGU, Central Asian Alliance for Water&Mehr-Shavkat, Unison

Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs, WECF, German Ambassy

Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDT) for 6 schools and 1 madrasah UDDT(religious school for boys) with reuse

Village Myrsake, Ivanovka, Kommuna, Osh, BokonbaevaProvinces: Chui, Osh, Batken

UDDT for 6 schools and 1 madrasah UDDT (religious school for boys)ca. 2.000 students and teachers


Toilets implemented under the programmes:1) Empowerment & Local Action 2) Project in cooperation with German Ambassy in Kyrgyzstan


UDDT

The urine and dehydrated faeces will be used by farmers in their farmland.

Double-vault UDDT for schools with UD slabs from China


No

[email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

177Lebanon

Greywater treatment and reuse for households in Tanoura Village, Rasha Caza

Greywater treatment and reuse in a poor village with water scarcity

Tanoura, Rasha Caza, Lebanon

2006

30 houses, each house with a greywater treatment system

Rural area

Middle East Centre for the Transfer of Appropriate Technology (MECTAT)

Shortage of water, poor village

Greywater

Treated greywater used for irrigating the garden

http://www.mectat.com.lb/metopics/Tannoura%20Web/tannoura.htm

Analiza from Newsletter 25 dated August 2007; 29.08.2008

No

Each house is equipped with a 3 or 4 barrel treatment kit in which the anearobic treatment of the collected greywater takes place during one or two days, then it is pump into a drip irrigation network installed in the garden.


[email protected]



178Lesotho

Maseru and Mapoteng

2007 - 2009

TED

TED-BORDA, client

Decentralised wastewater treatment systems and reuse for the domestic wastewater of single households in Maseru and Mapoteng

Demonstration of decentralised wastewater treatment systems for single households and use of biogas and effluent for fertiliser or irrigation

16 DEWATS systems for single households, with a total of 184 users. Three of these households also included animal manure in the system. And one household had an outhouse used by about 40 people (included in the number of users above)

Biogas plants, anaerobic baffled reactors (ABR), planted gravel filters (PGF) or trickling filter

Surface irrigation for garden, fertiliser for garden, biogas for cooking

12,000 - 24,000 Maluti per project

Andreas Ulrich, email: [email protected]

Nadira on 22.09.2009 from fact sheets emailed by BORDA

No

No

Combined wastewater from toilets, kitchen, bath, laundry and/or kitchen waste, animal manure. Some have separation of kitchen wastewater or grey and blackwater.

Type of construction: brick and block buildAmount of wastewater: 1 - 2 m3/dBiogas plants: 2 - 12 m3

Anaerobic baffled reactors: 2.3 - 6 m3 Planted gravel filter: 2 - 18 m2

http://www.borda-sadc.org/modules/news/


179Lesotho

Maseru, Thaba Bosiu and Rothe

2007 - 2008

Institutions

TED and T.C.C.

TED-BORDA

Decentralised wastewater treatment systems and reuse for the domestic wastewater of three institutions in Maseru, Thaba Bosiu and Rothe

Demonstration of decentralised wastewater treatment systems at institutions and use of effluent for irrigation

1) Home for disable children- 60 users2) Orphanage- 45 users3) Boarding school- 180 usersTotal 285 users

Combined wastewater from toilets, bathroom, kitchen and laundry

Biogas plants, Anaerobic baffled reactors (ABR), planted gravel filters (PGF),

Irrigation of garden and natural forest

1) 112,000 Maluti; 2) 65,000 Maluti; 3) 45,000 Maluti



No

No

Type of construction: brick and block buildAmount of wastewater: 1) 5 m3/d 2) 3.2 m3/d 3) 10 m3/dBiogas plant: 1) 16 m3 2) 9 m3 3) 20 m3

Anaerobic baffled reactors: 1) 21 m3 2) 10 m3 3) integrated into the biogas domePlanted gravel filter: 1) 75 m2 2) 30 m2 3) non



180Lesotho

Butha Buthe and Thaba Bosiu

2007 - 2008

Tourism facilities

TED and Matekane transport and plant hire

Client

Decentralised wastewater treatment systems and reuse for the wastewater of three tourism facilities in Butha Buthe and Thaba Bosiu

Demonstration of decentralised wastewater treatment systems at tourism facilities and use of effluent for irrigation

1) Lodge with restaurant, guest houses and staff buiding- 50 users2) Cultural village with amphitheatre, museum, restaurant and staff building- 100 users3) Cultural village with 41 shallays, restaurant and staff building- 100 usersTotal 250 users

Combined wastewater from toilets, bathroom, kitchen, laundry

Anaerobic baffled reactors (ABR), planted gravel filters (PGF), and settlers for the two cultural villages.

Irrigation of natural forest



No

No

1) 45,000 Rand (approx. 4,000 €); 2) 170,000 Rand (approx. 15,200 €); 3) 120,000 Rand (approx. 10,700 €)

Type of construction: 1) brick wall structure; 2) and 3) concrete structure and membraneAmount of wastewater: 1) 4 m3/d 2) 35 m3/d 3) 12 m3/dSettler: 2) 5 m3 3) 5 m3

Anaerobic baffled reactors: 1) 22 m3 2) 22 m3 3) 22m3

Planted gravel filter: 1) 15 m2 2) 550 m2 3) 326 m2



181Malawi

Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) for poor households in cities

Lilongwe, Blantyre and Mzuzu

2005 - 2008

Urban area

Urine diversion dehydration toilets for poor households in the cities of Lilongwe, Blantyre and Mzuzu

500 UDDTS (the target is to reach 1900 UDDTs). Assuming average household size of 5 (from country list), 2500 users.

Homeless International in Cooperation with Center for Community Organization and Development (CCODE) and Malawi Homeless People's Federation ( MHPF)

Homeless International in Cooperation with Center for Community Organization and Development (CCODE) and Malawi Homeless People's Federation ( MHPF)

Access to clean drinking water and sanitation facilities is one of urban Malawi’s most pressing problems. Slums throughout the country lack adequate toilet facilities, and outbreaks of cholera and other waterborne diseases resulting from poor sanitation are rife. At the same time, the availability of clean drinking water in informal settlements is also a major issue. Practices by the water boards controlling piped water supply into slum communities, as well as the use of unmetered taps, have resulted in residents being charged exorbitant water rates. Water points in slum communities are also not strategically placed and are usually concentrated close to main roads or on the outside of settlements, making it extremely difficult for residents to access them.

UDDT

[email protected] ; [email protected]

No

http://www.homeless-international.org/Home_1.aspx?id=0:907&sw=1024&sh=734&sd=32&ww=550&wh=264

182Malawi

Arborloo, fossa alterna and skyloo toilets as low cost sanitation for rural households

Embangweni, Thylo and Phalombe

2002 - 2006

Rural areas

Water Aid, Central Church of Africa Presbyterian (CCAP)

Water Aid, Central Church of Africa Presbyterian (CCAP)

-

Low cost sanitation with arboloo, fossa alterna and skyloo latrines in rural areas of Embangweni, Thylo and Phalombe

Previous: baseline surveyCurrent: operation

6523 household ecosan latrines in Embangweni, 6188 ecosan toilets in Thyolo and Phalombe. Assuming average household size of 5 (from country list), have 63,555 users.

47% already plant banana trees on their old latrine pits; 38% of interviewed accepted ecosan concept, 30% with some reservations, 32% would not use; low soil fertility in Malawi

Excreta

Arborloo; fossa Alterna; and Skyloo latrines

Fertiliser, soil conditioner

Steven Sugden, WaterAid, [email protected];

19.02.2007: Sören NEW; 09.09.2009 Christina

No

Subsidy: Initially 2.10$, after success was proven: dropped to 1.40$; no more than that of a traditional pit latrine improvement program

Arborloo (planted tree in shallow pit), Fossa Alterna (moveable superstructure for two alternately operated pits) and Skyloo latrines (two brick vaults above ground level).All latrines use an 80 cm diameter domed slab as the basic building unit - only raw material that has to be imported is cement.

Success of first operating systems promoted ecosan in the whole community; latrines for children with smaller sizes were a big success; Urine diverting toilet also promoted but its high costs and complexity of construction has precluded widespread use; dedicated individuals are needed, who became enthusiastic about ecosan to drive it forward.

Sugden, Steven: One step closer to sustainable sanitation - the experiences of an eco-sanitation project in Malawi

http://www2.gtz.de/Dokumente/oe44/ecosan/en-lessons-low-cost-ecological-approach-malawi-2007.pdfhttp://www.nku.edu/~longa/haiti/toilets/Eco_sanitation_report-WaterAid-Malawi.pdf

http://www.nku.edu/~longa/haiti/toilets/Eco_sanitation_report-WaterAid-Malawi.pdf

183Malawi

Double vault composting toilets in schools in Chinteche

rural, school sanitation program to support scaling-up

Chinteche, Nkhata Bay, Malawi

Jul-02

11 schools (approximately 11,000 students) to be confirmed

primary schools

CPAR- Canadian Physicians for Aid and Relief

CPAR- Canadian Physicians for Aid and Relief

UNICEF

P.O. BOX #129 Chintheche, Nkhata Bay, MalawiSouthern Africa

Under the UNICEF Strategic School Sanitation and Hygiene Program, CPAR was subcontracted to implement a portion of the project in Nkhata Bay schools. The original title of the project is Strategic school sanitation and hygiene project- sub-compoenent implemented by CPAR

urine diversion, faeces composted

double vaults- composting latrines

planned for agriculture

approximately US$ 20,000

developed by CPAR

See evaluation of Strategic School Sanitation and Hygiene by J. Degabreiel et al. 2004

Tchaka Thole, Country Director. E-mail:[email protected]

Belinda Abraham on 06.07.2010

No

No

With the inclusion of urinals for both girls and boys, latrines stayed rather dry. Urine was filtered with grey water from handwash facility and then filtered into the near by school gardens

184Mali

Peri-urban urine diversion dehydration toilets (abandoned), Koulikoro

Koulikoro

2000 - 2001

Peri-urban area

GTZ-ecosan and Otterwater GmbH, Lübeck

GTZ-ecosan, Eschborn

BMZ

Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) and greywater treatment, with reuse for households in peri-urban areas. Project failure mainly due to institutional and financial weaknesses.

11 Urine diversion dehydration toilets and greywater infiltration gardens, each for approx. 10 - 25 inhabitants.Currently mostly abandoned.

Regional capital with approx. 26,000 inhabitans; existing drinking water supply: squatting toilets (with anal hygiene); no public wastewater disposal; traditional decentralised separation and collection of faeces; accommodation units with approx. 10 persons

Double-vault UDDT; greywater garden

The investment for the double-vault toilets was approx. EUR 270 to EUR 414 in the year 2001

See SuSanA case study

SuSanA case study, 'Peri-urban urine diversion dehydration toilets (abandoned), Koulikoro'

Separate streams of urine and faeces respectively (got alot of anal cleansing water with the faeces also), greywater

Urine as fertiliser, dried faeces as soil conditioner, urine to enhance compost produced from organic waste, greywater for irrigation of crops

Examples for project failure: 1. Lack of interest/demand:This was shown by a very low user commitment and a lack of awareness for the need of maintenance2. Municipality cooperation: The cooperation of the Koulikoro municipality was very low throughout the entire project and the fluctuation within its authorities was very high

SuSanA case study: http://www.susana.org/images/documents/06-case-studies/en-susana-cs-mali-koulikoro-2009.pdf

1. Dr.-Ing. Martin Oldenburg, Email: [email protected]. Christine Werner/Heinz-Peter Mang, [email protected], [email protected]

02.12.03 Inésaktualiziert mit Beitrag vom 27.10.03, Dania 09.02.2006akutalisiert am 04.01.2010 Laura Margarete Simon; [email protected]

Yes

http://www.susana.org/images/documents/06-case-studies/en-susana-cs-mali-koulikoro-2009.pdf

185Mali

Urine diversion dehydration toilets for households and women's centres in Commune VI, Bamako

Bamako

Commune VI, Bamako

2005 - 2009

20 households and 2 public centers for women's cooperatives (~ 350 inhabitants)

Urban and peri-urban

CEK Kala Saba (Consultancy) and COGEVAD (communal committee of Commune VI, Bamako)

CEK Kala Saba (Consultancy) and COGEVAD (communal committee of Commune VI, Bamako)

WASTE (pilot project), CREPA-Mali (second phase), DED (continuous technical assistance)

Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) for households and women's centres in urban and peri-urban areas

Pilot phase: 2005 - 2006 Project phase: 2007 - 2009

Continuous promotion and monitoring pilot project finished (15 toilets), on-going promotion of ecosan UDDTs through collaboration with other partners and self-financing.

Commune VI, Bamako is the largest and most populated of the 6 communes of the Malian capital (300.000-500.000 inhabitants according to different sources). Drinking water supply is existing, but insufficient in some quarters. There is no operational infrastructure for treatment of blackwater. Latrine sludges are dumped outside the town or disposed on farmland.


Double-vault UDDT; simple drains for urine and washing water

Report for WASTE available at [email protected], documentation of experiences planned for 2009

02.03.2009 Ellen Gunsilius (GTZ) and Elisabeth von Münch (GTZ)

No

Direct use of urine and faeces as fertiliser and soil conditioner for agriculture and gardening.Co-composting with organic waste, transport and use directly by the families in their field/ garden

Total costs for 13 toilets, environmental education, awareness raising campaigns and training in 2006: 31,000 Euro. Costs in 2007 and 2008 for construction of 5 toilets each: ~400 Euro, 60% grants, 40% contribution of beneficiairies

System of awareness raising and supervision by peers partly succesful, dependent on personal motivation and remuneration, success of urine use as fertiliser by the beneficiaries themselves led to construction of other toilets outside the grant program, some cultural reserves to handling of faeces.

Ellen Gunsilius, [email protected], Lazare Tembély, [email protected], Mandiou Gassama, [email protected]é de Gestion et de valorisation des déchets en Commune VI (COGEVAD), [email protected]

186Mexico

Urban ecosan pilot program with multiple technologies at Tepoztlán

Piloting multiple ecosan technologies at the scale of an urban municipality

Tepoztlán

2002 - 2003

Small-town urban area

Sarar Transformación SC

Sarar Transformación SC

EcoSanRes / SIDA

Start of planning: January 2002Start of operation: January 2003

(Phase I: dissemination, implementation strategy evaluation, promotion)

Municipality of more than 35,000 -- including an integrated ecological sanitation closed–loop system in one periurban community.

Tepoztlán, a small urban centre 70 km south of Mexico City, has a special history of environmental activism, strong municipality presents enormous contrasts that range from poor indigenous villages to luxurious weekend homes. That socio-economic situation is, in many ways, a microcosm of contrasting conditions prevalent in much of Mexico and Latin America. Tepoztlán is located at the top of its watershed, within a national park and an important biological corridor. This municipality has been included in a comprehensivedevelopment program, sponsored by the Ministry of Tourism, which aims at conserving the natural and cultural heritage of 16 distinctive Mexican towns. As a tourist destination the municipality is both politically and environmentally strategic. Because of its high location Tepoztlán does not receive waters from upstreamvillages. But the clean water flowing down the mountains, after passing through various settlements, gets polluted with greywater and black water as well as by garbage dumped into the ravines and rivers. An estimated 70% of the urban population uses waterborne toilet systems emptying into septic tanks that seldom conform to acceptable standards. Adequate emptying and maintenance rarely take place; so the improperly treated effluent drains into the soil and underground fissures. Recent water quality tests indicate that the aquifers, which supply water to most of the population, are being contaminated by nitrates and

PDS 012 (see website below)

No

UDDT; arborloo; fossa alterna; reedbed; mulch filter; waterless male and female urinals; organoponics; rainwater harvesting

Urine as fertiliser, dried faeces as soil conditioner, urine to enhance composting process, greywater for irrigation.

Cost examples of a typical toilet with UD seat, male urinal and wash basin: $1,000 USD (including building materials, accessories and labour). Fossa Alterna / Arborloo: $25 - $300 USD (depending on building material). Greywater filter: $150 USD (including building material and labour).

1. Urine-diverting dry toilets, constructed with passive solar design and built with natural or traditional materials. Over 30 UD dry toilets have been installed with: one dehydrating chamber with 2 large capacity plastic containers (on wheels) for faeces collection, storage and pre-treatment; urine harvesting in 20 l plasticcontainers; south facing vent pipe and fly trap2. Low-cost shallow pit composting sanitation system prototypes for poor peri-urban and rural populations (Arborloo and Fossa Alterna).Project has resulted in: integration of dry toilets within households, improving security for users, especially women and children; creation of a network of alliances; demystification of human urine for use as fertiliser; Resistance to the project due to: lack of knowledge, scepticism, lack of understanding of the benefits, lack of experience in government personnel.

PDS 012: http://www.gtz.de/en/dokumente/en-ecosan-pds-012-mexico-tepoz-eco-2005.pdfhttp://www.laneta.apc.org/sarar/http://www.sarar-t.org/PDFS/closing-the-loop.pdf;http://www.sarart.org/publicaciones.htm;

Ron Sawyer, Sarar Transformación SC; AP 8, TepoztlánMorelos 62520 Mexico, E-mail: [email protected]/fax: +(52-739) 395-0364; Tel: +(52-739) 395-3001

Dania 09.02.2006Nadira ([email protected]) 24.02.10 add information from GTZ datasheet

http://www.laneta.apc.org/sarar/

187Mexico

Mexican Pacific Coast

2006 - 2008

Coastal area

AproSanidad Melaque

UNEP

Problematic environmental condition

Urine diversion dehydration toilets and greywater treatment contributing to the protection of El Tule Lagoon

Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDT) and greywater treatment contributing to environmental protection

30 UDDTS until 2008. Assuming these are household toilets ?, assuming average household size of 5 (from country list), have 150 users

UDDT; waterless urinal; biofilter


No

All sanitation installations have a ceramic urine separating toilet and waterless urinal, a water saving shower, wash basins and a biofilter for greywater treatment.

http://aprosanidad.blogspot.com/

[email protected]

http://aprosanidad.blogspot.com/


188Moldova

Drochia and Causenia towns are a part of the project

Criscauti, Bolduresti and Bacseni Villages, Drochia and Causeni Towns

2008 - 2009

Rural area

Ecotox, WISDOM, WECF

Ecotox, WISDOM

Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs, TUHH, WECF

Urine diversion dehydration toilets for a kindergarten, a school and households in Criscauti, Bolduresti and Bacseni Villages, Drochia and Causeni Towns

Urine diverstion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) for kindergarten, school and households with reuse of nutrients

1 Kindergarten, 1 school; 20 household toilets

Assuming an average household size of 3 (from country list), 60 users at household level.Assuming 50 students for kindergarten and 200 students for the school (for the purposes of the summary list), have 250 users

No central water supply, no sewage system, extremely bad sanitary status, nitrate and microrogansim polluted groundwater

Toilets under the Empowerment for Local Action (ELA) project


UDDT, sandfilter

Urine reuse on demonstration garden. Urine and faeces as fertiliser for garden.

UDDTs: indoor and outdoor; home-made UD-seatrisers; for schools UD slabs from China


No


189Mongolia

Urine diversion dehydration toilets in an urban area, Ulaanbaatar

Piloting of urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDT) in an urban area

Ulaanbaatar

Oct. 2006 - Mar. 2007

5 UDDTs. Assuming 1 UDDT is to 15 persons ,the estimated number of people will be 75.

Urban area

GTZ

GTZ


Double-vault UDDT; urinal

Both urine and faeces will be reused for the local production of vegetables.

900’000 MNT (ca. 530 Euro) per unit

No

The toilet model itself consists of a double-vault urine-diversion dehydration toilet (UDDT) and a urinal; both are produced out of fibreglass in Ulaanbaatar. Both vaults have a drawer-like design that makes the removal of urine containers or dried faeces very easy. In order to prevent the formation of “stalagmites” from frozen faeces, the initial toilet was improved with a mesh where the faeces fall upon. This guarantees a better aeration and drying of the excreta, and a more even distribution even in winter.

See Masters Thesis Katharina Conradin for elaborate description of this project: http://www2.gtz.de/Dokumente/oe44/ecosan/en-ecosan-in-mongolia-mscthesis-2007.pdf

Erlback, Director of the Integrated Urban Development and Construction Sector Programme of the GTZ and Katharina Conradin [email protected]

20.04.2009 Philipp Feiereisen [email protected]. Total number of users updated by Paul Okan-Adjetey on 24.09. 2010. [email protected]

190Mongolia

Urine diversion dehydration toilets at tourist camp Khovsgol Inn, Khatgal

Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDT) at a tourist camp in a rural area

Khatgal

2007

Construction in 2007

2 UDDTs. Assuming the average person/ UDDT 15 persons ,the estimated number of people will be 30.

Rural area


Single-vault UDDT

Trial garden

[email protected], [email protected]

No

Single vault with room to hold 2 - 3 faeces buckets which can be removed easily, instead of building of multiple vaults and moving the pedestal periodically from one vault to theother. Toilet pedestals were imported from South Africa.

http://www2.gtz.de/Dokumente/oe44/ecosan/nl/en-uddt-touristcamp-khatgal-mongolia-2007.pdf

See Masters Thesis Katharina Conradin for elaborate description of this project: http://www2.gtz.de/Dokumente/oe44/ecosan/en-ecosan-in-mongolia-mscthesis-2007.pdf

Analiza from Newsletter 25 dated August 2007: 29.08. 200816.02.2009: Update L. Ulrich.Total number of users updated by Paul Okan-Adjetey on [email protected]

191Morocco

Urine diversion dehydration toilets in Souss Massa Park

Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) and waterliess urinals in a national park

Rabat

2006 - 2011

Current phase 2006 - 2008

National park

GTZ in cooperation with Moroccan Forestry Department (Regional Office Agadir)

GTZ, Moroccan Forestry Department; local construction company "Boufetra".

BMZ / GTZ

The ecosan toilets are constructed in the Souss Massa Park to offer appropriate infrastructure for the park visitors. 4 squatting pans and 2 waterless urinals

Semi-arid climate, water scarceness, high pressure on ground water level because of agriculture and mass tourism around the Agadir region; Souss-Mass National Park shall be opened to sustainable tourism.


UDDTs; waterless urinals

Fertiliser and soil conditioner

No

Cubicle construction (4 cubicles) : 15000 Euro; EcoSan toilets (4 squatting pans and 2 waterless urinals): approx. 340 Euro (including transport fees from Germany)

Stroebert-Beloud Heidrun: [email protected], B.P. 433, 10000 Rabat-Hassan

06.10.2008 Heidi Beloud (GTZ Marocco) - small amendments 09.10.2008 Sören.No ofusers updated by Paul Okan-Adjetey on 24-09-2010. [email protected]

192Mozambique

Fossa alterna latrines in peri-urban areas of Lichinga City, Niassa Province

Fossa alterna latrines in peri-urban areas of a city and reuse of compost for crops

Lichinga

2000 - unknown

Latrines completly built; promotion

76 fossa alterna latrines. Assuming average household size of 4 (from country list), 304 users

Peri-urban area

Wateraid-Mozambique, ESTAMOS and Municipality



Niassa Province is characterised by poor infrastructure, a weak cash-based agriculture economy and political and social isolation. Water and sanitation related health problems, groundwater pollution

Excreta

Fossa alterna toilet

Compost for vegetable gardens

No

Community participation reduces investment costs and increases the number of beneficiaries; Adoption of double chamber EcoSan infrastructure is long lasting investment.Programme is in final year. Last year rains wiped out most crops except EcoSan Crops, which has spurred farmers on and led to dramatically increased demand.

Breslin, E.D. and dos Santos, F.: Introducing Ecological Sanitation in Rural and Peri-Urban Areas of Northern Mozambique, Paper presented at the First International Conference on Ecological Sanitation,5-11 November 2001, Nanning, ChinaBreslin, E.D.: Int

http://www.wateraid.org.uk/site/what_we_do/where_we_work/57.asp and http://www.estamosoc.org./English/eco.htm

Edward D. Breslin, Wateraid, CP 276, Lichinga, Niassa Province, Mozambique, E-mail: [email protected].

193Mozambique

Fossa alterna and arborloo latrines in rural and peri-urban areas, Niassa Province

Fossa alterna and arborloo latrines in rural and peri-urban areas

Niassa Province (Nipepe, Maua)

Lichinga

2001

Study done in 1995

Dispersed in rural areas and congested peri-urban areas

The Niassa department of water and sanitation

ESTAMOS- Mozambiqan water supply & sanitation & HIV/Aids prevention/education; NGO

WaterAid-Mozambique

Poor infrastructure, weak cash-based agricultural economy & political and social isolation

check if this project is the same as the previous entry. How many toilets, how many users?

Excreta

Fertiliser for agricultural purposes, demonstration with guava plant

Fossa alterna- US$18 - 27 (depending on scale);

Abdul 15.03.06

No

Various forms of ecosan technologies suitable for rural and peri urban reas as decided by the family (model fossa alterna, arborloo models)

1 plastic sheet for roof lining, 1 latrine slab, cement for mortar lining ~ 30 mcms of pit (from WaterAid) All local materials and labor (from family)

Key lessons learnt from ongoing monitoring & evaluation:Foul odours due to inadequate use of ash/soil for fear of quick filling of pits.Improved hygienic practices, fear of witchcraft prohibits other users, the traditional belief that drinking water is a threat to health compared to sanitation.

Breslin, E.D. and dos Santos, F (2001).: Introducing Ecological Sanitation in Rural and Peri-Urban Areas of Northern Mozambique, Breslin, E.D. (2001) Introducing Ecological Sanitation: some lessons from a small town pilot project in Mozambique; Breslin, E.D.; Kelleher, J & Sugden, S (2001): An Old Aproach Re-appliedwww.wateraid.org.uk

Edward D. Breslin, Wateraid, CP 276, Lichinga, Niassa Province, MozambiqueE-mail: [email protected] dos Santos, Director, ESTAMOS

http://www.wateraid.org.uk/

194Mozambique

Urine diversion dehydration toilets in a rural resettlement area, Sofala Province

Sofala Province

1999 - 2001

Rural area

Programme for rural Water Supply and Sanitation PAARSS, Mozambique

ADA – Austrian Development Cooperation

Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) for households, institutions and public areas in a rural resettlement area, Sofala Province

Start of planning: 03/1999Start of construction: 03/2001Start of operation: 08/2001

245 domestic latrines; 5 latrines for primary schools; 10 public latrines; 2 latrines for rural health post --> 5200 persons

Department for Water and Sanitation, Provincial Directorate for Public works in the Sofala province Mozambique

In 2000 devastating floods affected the Sofala province in Mozambique and more than 4000 people were resettled in the locality of Guara Guara. Sanitation was the major problem since the ground water table was high and all the emergency water supply was provided from shallow aquifers. First 16 emergency latrines were constructed using drums of 210 liters’ capacity designed to prevent groundwater contamination.

During the resettlement period the families had already started to construct low cost latrines but encountered difficulties since they always would reach the groundwater table in digging the pit. Their solution to the problem was to pile up earth and then make a hole in it. Projects with pit latrines soon abandoned the area due to challenges with the groundwater. The acceptance and understanding of the EcoSan technology was based on the obvious advantages and the technology was quickly accepted by the future users and the local administration. To get the concept accepted by advisors and donors took 1 ½ year – a considerably longer time.


Double-vault UDDT

Urine as fertiliser and dried faeces as soil conditioner

See PDS 027 (website below)

No

Family UDDT: 478 US$ per familyPublic UDDT: 700 US$ per toilet

The chosen technology is a simple squatting platform for urine and faeces separation made of local material (concrete and cement - plastic is not very durable in the hot humid climate) with ventilated double vault collection and drying chambers above ground, oriented to the sun. The latrine building includes a shower compartment.

- The technology is well accepted as a feasible solution that can even be realised self-dependently by the users in cooperation with local artisans.- It is accepted as a durable and long lasting investment compared to emergency latrines or other interimdevices.- The major project hinderings in the beginning were worries about cultural conflicts and costs, which were invalidated by practical experience.

http://www.gtz.de/en/dokumente/en-ecosan-pds-027-rural-uddt-programme-mozambique-2006.pdf

Alberto Cumbana, PAARSS project coordinator, PAARS, Mozambique,Phone: 258 -03-328552/329595 [email protected] Fogde, PAARSS [email protected]

18.05.2009 Philipp Feiereisen.Updated 13.11.09 Nadira from information in E. Von Muench email

http://www.gtz.de/en/dokumente/en-ecosan-pds-027-rural-uddt-programme-mozambique-2006.pdf

195Namibia

Urine diversion dehydration toilets with peri-urban households in Mariental Town

Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDT) with peri-urban households

Mariental town


Urban area

SDPP GTZ-Services, Universität of Namibia

MAWRD, DWA, MHSS, Ministry of Argicuture, Habitat research and Development centre

Dry country, 400 mm p.a., evaporation potential of 3,000 mm, 87% of the households have access to safe water but 54% have no toilet facilities, mostly in rural and peri-urban areas, desert and savannah region


UDDT

Fertiliser

Acceptance, interest was raised nationwide at different levels, exposure of ecosan

dania 10.02.2006

No

www.gtz.de/ecosan

Christine Werner/Heinz-Peter Mang, [email protected], [email protected]. Wiwnwcke: [email protected]; Ms. Namene: [email protected];Mr. Roeis: [email protected]; Mr. Kohima: [email protected]

http://www.gtz.de/ecosan

196Namibia

Urine diversion dehydration toilets with rural households, Gibeon Village

Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDT) with rural households

Gibeon Village

Feb. - Jul. 2004

Agreement for 12 UDDTs. Assuming average household size of 5 (from country list), 60 users.

Rural area

SDPP GTZ-service, Universität of Namibia

MAWRD, DWA, MHSS, Ministry of Argicuture, Habitat research and Development centre

Dry country, 400 mm p.a., evaporation potential of 3,000 mm, 87% of the households have access to safe water but 54% have no toilet facilities, mostly in rural and peri-urban areas, desert and savannah region.In the old location of Gibeon village, the sanitation system consists of a mix of on-site flush toilets with septic tanks or conservancy tanks, soak aways, pit and bucket latrines, all causing environmental and health hazards.


UDDT

Fertiliser

dania 10.02.2006, Updated: Alemayehu, 09.11.2009, [email protected]

No

Acceptance, interest was raised. The Village Council is still willing to provide the 12 UDS pilots to the community. Furthermore political priorities have led to the decision of implementing a vacuum sewage system. Although the community is in favour of the dry UDS solution, because more than 30% will not be able to pay the water bill, government is financing only a capital project.

www.gtz.de/ecosan

Christine Werner/Heinz-Peter Mang, [email protected], [email protected]

http://www.gtz.de/ecosan

197Namibia

Oshakati (but may be changed due to problems with the communal administration)

In Namibia it is still not sure in which settlement the sanitation centres will be build.

2010 - 2014

Sanitation centres for 50 - 250 people for an informal settlement of about 5000 inhabitants

Informal houses and huts in urban areas

Sanitation centres with vacuum toilets and biogas plants for an informal urban settlement in northern Namibia

Sanitation centres in informal settlements in Northern Namibia (Oshakati) with vacuum sewer system, biogas digesters, biogas production and possibility to use water and fertilisers in agriculture

Pilot phase: until 2010Implementing phase: until 2014

ISOE (Frankfurt), Fraunhofer Institute Institut für Grenzflächen- und Bioverfahrenstechnik (Stuttgart) TU Darmstadt, Institute WAR,

Desert Research Foundation of Namibia, Ministry of Lands, Agriculture and Forestry, Namibia, BGR Germany (CIM expert in Namibia) and GTZ NA.

Informal settlements have no access to sanitation, or share a toilet with up to 70 person. Inhabitants use the bush for defection. President of Namibia promised to increase access to sanitation but with water toilets. Northern Namibia faces water problems, due to transboundary water sources in Angola and no rain (driest country in sub saharan Africa). Northern namibia is densely populated and has many poor people.

Blackwater

Vacuum toilets; biogas digester

Water for irrigation with nutrients as fertilisers (N, P) and biogas for cooking and lighting

not sure: 5 Mio. €

Vacuum toilets need 3 litre water per flush

see website

http://www.cuvewaters.net/index.htm

Annika, 20.11.2008

No

Thomas Kluge (ISOE) ,Alexandra Lux (ISOE), Walter Trösch.In Germany: ISOE Institute for socio-ecologic development, Frankfurt.

198Nepal

Struvite recovery from Urine in Nepal" (STUN)

Siddhipur

May 2010 till present

EAWAG,UN-HABITAT

Urine bank in Siddhipur

100 UDDTs are available for collection of urine in Sidhipur,and will generate 35000 litres of urine which will be available for use as plant fertiliser annually.

The urine bank, which is a spin-off from the project "Struvite recovery from Urine in Nepal" (STUN), is a pilot project aimed at increasing the reuse of nutrients from human urine. Source-separated urine iscollected from households which do not have a use for it and is sold for 1 Nepalese Rupee (or 1 Euro-cent) per litre to farmers who use it to fertilise their crops. The entire urine of one adult would therefore fetch a price of about EUR 5.5 per year. The urine bank is a project supported by EAWAG Switzerland) and UN-HABITAT.

Inserted by Paul Okan-Adjetey on 4/10/2010. [email protected]

http://www.flickr.com/photos/gtzecosan/sets/72157624918691080/with/4975071532/

http://www.flickr.com/photos/gtzecosan/sets/72157624918691080/with/4975071532/

199Nepal

Darechowk VDC Open Defecation Free Declaration Programme

Darechowk VDC

Estimated to have started in 2008.yet to clarify by sending out e - mails.

Urine diversion dehydration toilets in Darechowk VDC (Open Defecation Free Declaration Programme) Chitwan District

717 households have constructed EcoSan toilet at their home. according to the Central Bureau of Statistics, Thapathali, Kathmandu.Nepal.

No

No

www.urbwatsan.org.np www.guthi.net. http://www.gtz.de/en/dokumente/gtz2010-en-ecosan-nl37.pdf

Tel. + 977-16- 200776, G.P.O Box 21036, Tripureshwor,kathmandu, e-mail : [email protected], URL-www.guthi.net

Inserted by Paul Okan-Adjetey on 4/10/2010. [email protected]

http://www.urbwatsan.org.np/

200Nepal

Urine diversion toilets for a school in Darechowk Village, Chitwan District

Urine diversion toilets for a school in Darechowk Village, Chitwan District

Mahjgaun Lower Secondary School, Darechowk Village in Chitwan district

2007

Over 120 ecosan toilets, approx: 500 students

Rural area: school

WHO

School project is done and is doing well. The whole village tries to become an ecological village. See entry on ecofarming

Urine diversion toilet

Reuse of urine in the agriculture (mainly oranges, cabbage and cauliflower)


No

The whole village became cleaner and now the community has plans to make the village an ecological tourism area, with trekking routes and ‘bed and breakfast’ facilities.

Han Heijnen; Environmental Health Advisor; World Health Organization; UN House, P.O.Box 108 Pulchowk, Kathmandu, Nepale-mail: [email protected] [email protected]

201Nepal

Household urine diversion toilets in peri-urban areas in Kathmandu Valley

Peri-urban sanitation improvement in the Kathmandu Valley with urine diversion toilets for households

Kathmandu Valley, Terai Region (Parsa)

2002 - ongoing

Peri-urban areas

DWSS - Department of Water Supply and Sewerage

2005 pilot: Jyoti Youth club; DWSS; ENPHO, Lumanti

WHO, Development Network, CODEF; WaterAid Nepal

Update number of toilets and users because many UDDTs made by the multiple organisations listed below working together

Start of planning: 2002Start of construction: 2003In 2009, toilets also under construction

Presently (in 2009) 200 toilets in 6 areas operated and under construction.Assuming an average household size of 6 (from country list), 1200 users.

80% live in rural areas; Sanitation coverage: 39% (2004) - only 20% in the low land; preferred sanitation: open defection; high ground water table (dry ecosan difficult)

Wet ecosan latrine system for Terai region; separate urine collection

2005: support 200,000 NR for 20 latrine units

Twin pits lined with concrete rings for faeces; plastic jars for urine

High acceptability in the region; dry latrine was modified by locals themselves

New: Sören, 4.12.2006; Update: 18.05.2009 Philipp Feiereisen

No

Faeces and urine as fertiliser; urine as catalyst to decompose garbage and cow dung / as pesticide to kill pest

Kishore, Nawal and Shrestha, Guna Raj: A Way Forward to Promote Ecosan Programme in NepalSee PDS 028

http://www.gtz.de/en/dokumente/en-ecosan-pds-028-private-uddt-kathmandu-nepal-2006.pdfhttp://www.enpho.org/sprog.htm

Mr. Nawal Kishore, [email protected], Mishra, Chief, ESS/DWSS; Mr. Guna Raj Shrestha, [email protected], Executive Chairperson of CODEF

ENPHO, 110/25 Adarsa Marga-1, Thapagaon, New BaneshworEmail: [email protected]

http://www.gtz.de/en/dokumente/en-ecosan-pds-028-private-uddt-kathmandu-nepal-2006.pdf

follow up how many more biogas units made connected with toilets after 2006

202Nepal

Biogas digesters for household sanitation in the Nepal Biogas Support Program

Country-wide project; taking place in 66 districts (out of 75 in total)

1992 - 2009

Rural area: households

Biogas Support Program (BSP)

Biogas Support Program (BSP)

HMG/N, DGIS, KfW, ADB/N, SNV (Netherlands Development Orga.), Gobar Gas Company (GGC)

Large-scale implementation of biogas digesters for rural sanitation and animal cow dung; economic development (biogas market establishment); GHGs reduction

92-'94 Phase 1: 6,824 units installed; '94-2/96 Phase 2: 13,375 units installed; 3/97-6/03 Phase 3: 91,196 units installed; 6/03-12/05 Phase 4: 29,154 units installed;Actual phase: July 2003 - June 2009

980,000 beneficiaries; over 150,000 units were built (June 2006).70% are connected to toilets, 70% of 980,000= 686,000

Overexplotation of fuelwood, acceleration of deforestation, agricultural residues and dung as alternative cooking fuel, soil degradation, rapidly increasing population, high workload on women, poor indoor air quality and smoke exposure.

Anaerobic digester with biogas production, compost pits, rainwater harvesting

Biogas for energy, compost as soil conditioner

14.02.2007: Sören NEW 31.5.2007: update Yaniv

No

Cattle dung, blackwater (~70% of plants have toilet connections, some rejections due to relegious beliefs), rainwater

~US$ 350/unit; Government subsidy of US$ 70-150/household; Loans available thru micro finance institutions; Savings due to reduced fuelwood use, agricultural residue, dung, kerosene, chemical fertiliser, labour, time and carbon emmissions (potential income of US$ 665,000/yr thru CDM).

GGC 2047 model - uniform dome design. 4 - 20 m3, depending on amount of daily dung. Hydraulic retention time: 70 days. Power delivery of 1.16 - 2.32 KW.

Importance of working in a positive political framework, understanding the end-user/market needs/concerns, identifying most appropriate design and key partners, securing commitment and support of financial institutions, succesful demonstrations

1) Bajgain, S., Shakya, I. & Mendis, S. M. (Ed). The Nepal Biogas Support Program: A successful model of public private partnership for rural household energy supply. 2) Acharya. J., Bajgain, S. & Subedi, P. S. 2005. Sacling up biomass in Nepal: What else is needed? Boiling Point 50: 1-4. 3) Mendis, M. S. & van Nes, W. J. 2001. Biogas in rural household energy supply: The Nepal biogas supply program. Regional seminar on commercialization of biomass technology, Guangzhou, China. http://www.bspnepal.org.np/introduction.htm http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel_library/methane_nepal.html

BSP Nepal; Bakhundole, LalitpurPO Box 9751, Kathmandu, Nepal; Tel: +977-1-5529840 / 5524665 Fax: +977-1-5524755 Email: [email protected]

http://www.bspnepal.org.np/introduction.htm

203Nepal

Ecofarming using products from urine diversion toilets in nine villages

Ecological farming using products from urine diversion toilets in nine villages replaces chemical fertilisers

9 communities: Nagarkot, Tiggni, Siddipur, Khokana, Techho, Pyngaon, Parsa, Sunwal, Dharechowk

2003 - 2009

Rural area

The concept of ecological sanitation, was formally introduced in Nepal in 2002/3 by the Departement of Water Supply and Sewerage and WHO. Pilot project finished, evaluation phase finished.

Nagarkot (16 units), Tiggni (21 units), Siddhipur (100 units) , Khokana (57 units), Techho (215 units), Pyngaon (50 units), Parsa (81 units), Sunwal (110 units) , Dharechwok (42 units).

A total of 1135 UDTs (dry and wet). Assuming an average household size of 6 (from country list), 6810 users.

Currently organizations such as Development Network, Community Development Forum Environment and Public Health Organization, LUMANTI, Water Aid Nepal, UN-Habitat, Nepal Water for Health, Center for Integrated Urban Development, Plan Nepal, Rural Village Water Resource Management (RVWRMP)/FINNIDA, Practical Action, SEAM-N and UNICEF etc.

UD toilets introduced in Siddupur about 1999 by WHO. An NGO gave demonstrations on urine separation and biogas process. Based on these skills, a farmer Jeevan started eco-farming practices. Jeevan learnt about urine separation and biogas processes. After this he switched from his chicken farming, which was running at a loss, to vegetable production with eco-farming. Since then eco-farming has spread to several villages .

urine; faeces; blackwater

UD toilets; biogas digester

Fertiliser; biogas for lighting and cooking

No

Jeevan has stopped using any chemical fertiliser, rather substituting urine and cow manure as fertiliser. Urine drip irrigation used to fertilise an acre of crops. Household biogas plant provides lighting and fuel for cooking twice a day.

Experience of ecofarming in Siddhipur village by Farmer Jeevan:- Urine and cow manure used to replace chemical fertiliser effectively, saves 7000 Rs per year spent previously on chemical fertiliser.- Farmer earns profit of 10-15000 Rs per month from ecofarming.- Biogas plant provides lighting and cooking fuel, saves 1000 Rs (per year?) spent previously on firewood.WHO 2009, 'Ecofarming- a winning complement to ecological sanitation' Environmental Health Update, Vol. 4, No. 3, May 2009

http://www.searo.who.int/LinkFiles/SDE_EH_Update_May_09.pdf

Dr Abdul Sattar Yoosuf, Director, Sustainable Development and Healthy Environments. Email: [email protected] Heijnen, Environmental Health Advisor, World Health Organisation, UN House, P.O.Box 108 , Pulchowk, Kathmandu, Nepal. Tel: +977 1 5523200/ext 1318. Fax : +977 1 5527756. WHO GPN 24418Ministry of Physical Planning and Works, 3rd floor, Singha Durbar. Tel: +977 1 4211578. e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

Nadira 24.08.2009 from website link above.Update unknown 1.1.10

http://www.searo.who.int/LinkFiles/SDE_EH_Update_May_09.pdf

204Nepal

Kailali District is located in the plain area of Terai Region

2006

Latrines completely built and evaluated

Rural area

Urine diversion toilets as a part of the Rural Village Water Resources Management Project (RVWRMP), Kailali District

Urine diversion toilets as a part of the Rural Village Water Resources Management Project (RVWRMP), Kailali District. Sulabh toilets also made. Should they be included? - should the 1148 sulabh latrines be included in the count? (it is not clear if the sulabh toilet 'compost' is also reused.) Then the number of users should be changed from 210 to 7098? --> We decided not to include the Sulabh toilets!

The project is providing 5 numbers of urine-faeces diverting eco-san latrine in pilot scale each in 6 VDC (Total 35 number) to see the acceptability and use of this latrine.Assuming an average household size of 6 (from country list), 210 users.

(The project is also providing 1148 number of sulabh pour-flush latrine.)

RVWRMP is bilateral development cooperation in water resources sector between the Government of Nepal and Government of Finland.

There is no scarcity of water as a handpump is installed in each household. The working area of this project is rural area to reach the poorest of the poor.

Urine and faeces

Urine application and vermicomposted faeces on agricultural fields.

4.1.2010 Laura Margarete Simon: [email protected]

No

(Sulabh flush compost toilet is eco-friendly, technically appropriate, socio-culturally acceptable and economicallyaffordable. It is an indigenous technology and the toilet can easily be constructed by local labour and materials. It provides health benefits by safe disposal of human excreta on-site. It consists of a pan with a steep slope and an especially designed trap with waterseal requiring only 1.5 to 2 litres of water for flushing, thus helping conserve water. It does not need scavengers to clean the pits. There are two pits of varying size and capacity depending on the number of users ( Sulabh international). In the project, the toilet The settlement has become cleaner and people have started to be motivated in hand washing after using the toilet.

In Nepal which is predominantly male dominated society and where women have a low status and position, these changes in women's roles and responsibilities through the female LLB represent a dramatic leap towards the empowerment of women and towards equality between men and women.

Bimala Prajapati*,Water Resources Engineer, Rural Village Water Resources Management ProjectTaranagar-5, Dhangadhi, Nepal, Telephone:977-9841864872, Email: [email protected] Kumar Das*, Project Coordinator, Rural Village Water Resources Management Project, Taranagar-5, Dhangadhi, Nepal, Telephone:977-9851101644, Email: [email protected] Raj Joshi, Accountant, Rural Village Water Resources Management Project, Taranagar-5, Dhangadhi, NepalTelephone: 977-9749006766, Email: [email protected].

hardly any info. Find out more info about system, reuse and no. Of users

205Netherlands

Ecological housing estate, Culemborg

Culemborg

1999 - 2003

-

The EVA Foundation (Ecological Center for Education, Information and Advice) and the municipality of Culemborg

The houses are equipped with water saving toilets. The blackwater and greywater are collected separately.

28.12.04 Sonny --> ask EvM for more info (ecosan online course)

No

hardly any info. Find out more info about system, reuse and no. Of users

206Netherlands

Greywater treatment of a residential area using a constructed wetland, Groningen

Groningen

-

1995 - 1997

-

The municipality Groningen and the local housing agency

-

-

-

166 dwellings 110?? Assuming an average household size of 4, 110 dwellings will mean 440 users.

-

-

-

-

-

-

No

110 households are equipped with grey and black wastewater separation and greywater treatment. The greywater is treated in a free surface constructed wetlands.

Mels. A and Zeeman G, 2003: Practical Example of DESAR concepts in urban areas in the Netherlands, in Proceeding of the second international symposium on Ecological Sanitation, luebeck, 2003

http://www.drielanden.nl/

28.12.04 Sonny. No of users updated by Paul Okan-Adjetey on 24/09/2010. [email protected]

http://www.drielanden.nl/

207Netherlands

Greywater treatment and reuse as a part of the Green Roof Project for ecological housing, Utrecht

Greywater treatment and reuse as a part of the Green Roof Project for ecological housing

Utrecht

1989 - 1993

-

Urban area

-

A social housing association 'Portaal' and private developer

Het Groene Dak (HGD); Simon Bolivarstraat 51; 3573 ZJ Utrecht Telefon HGD: 030-2735979; Email HGD: [email protected]

10 houses with greywater separation system (out of a residential area with 40 rental and 26 private-owned houses). Assuming an average household size of 2 (from country list), 20 users.

The Province and City of Utrecht, the water utility company, and the Ministry of the Environment and Housing

After seven years of operation the experiment of composting toilets was stopped by urgent request of the inhabitants. The toilets created odour and had flies.

-

Irrigation

11,000 guilders was made available per dwelling for environmental measures

-

No

Composting toilets (disused); greywater treated in an oxidation bed, followed by a sub-surface reed bed filter (5 houses); wetland in a greenhouse (5 houses).

Grey water is treated in a process train consisting of sedimentation and a trickling filter. A part of the treated grey water is led into a surface-flow constructed wetland from where it is led into a retention pond; another part is used as irrigation water in a small greenhouse.The black water was at first composted in Clivus Multrum composting toilet systems but the disused.Rain water from the roofs is collected and used in a number of collective laundry machines.

- After many problems with smell, flies and a disturbed composting process, these systems were removed and replaced by (low) flush toilets. The black water is currently discharged into the municipal sewer. Rain water of the entire neighborhood is infiltrated.

The tenants are responsible for the in-house equipment (toilet, pipes, etc.) and take part in the maintenance of the pond system (yearly removal of the plants) and the small greenhouse. The housing company is responsible for the treatment and maintenance of the grey and rainwater system. The effluent quality of the grey water system is not monitored on a regular basis. The interviewed tenants appreciated the system and

1. Bookoff. Maia, 2002: HET GROENE DAK, http://www.antenna.nl/atalanta/hetgroenedak/TheGreenRoof.ppt 2. Mels. A and Zeeman G, 2003: second international symposium on Ecological Sanitation, luebeck, 20033. Switch 2009 'Sustainable Water Management in the City of the Future' (see website below)http://www.groenedak.nl/ http://www.antenna.nl/atalanta/hetgroenedak/index.htmlSwitch report: http://www.switchurbanwater.eu/outputs/pdfs/W4-1_GEN_DEL_4.1.1b_Adoption_and_performance_of_urban_ecosan_systems.pdf

28.12.04 SonnyUpdate Nadira ([email protected]) from Switch report above

208Niger

Project on Productive Sanitation in Aguié

Aguié

estimated to have started in 2009 (12 months)

CREPA in collaboration with SEI.

IFAD

Urine diversion dehydration toilets and urinals. For villages of Dan Bidé, Maifarou,Milli, Saja Manja, Dogoraoua,Tsamiya Bakoye ,Zabon Mousso, and Malloumey Saboua in Aguié

200 toilets (subsidy ~ 45$) and 700 urinals (subsidy ~ 13$) are built to collect fertilizers.The project aims to involve 700 households (8 villages)

This one year pilot project is carried out in the Aguié province in southern Niger. The project aims to involve 700 households (8 villages) in the recycling of nutrients and organic matter from human excreta via simple urinals and composting toilets. IFAD is the main donor of the project. CREPA is implementing the project in collaboration with PPILDA (a local development program financed by IFAD) and SEI’s EcoSanRes II program.

Linus Dagerskog, CREPA HQ [email protected]

No

No

http://www.ecosanres.org/aguie

Inserted on 05/10/2010 Paul Okan-Adjetey [email protected]

http://www.ecosanres.org/aguie

209Niger

2007

700 urinals and 210 toilets. Assuming an average household size of 6 (from country list), 1260 users.

Rural area

CREPA; PPILDA and SEI

IFAD - International Fund for Agricultural Development

Urine diversion dehydration toilets and fossa alterna latrines linked with Farmer Field Schools in rural areas, Aguie

Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) and fossa alterna latrines and use of urine as fertiliser tested with farmers in Farmer Field Schools

Separate streams of urine and faeces respectively in UDDT; excreta in fossa alterna

Double-vault UDDT; fossa alterna latrine

Urine and faeces used in agriculture


No

The term "productive sanitation" is used instead of ecological sanitation to emphasise the reuse aspect. The reuse training is made in farmer field schools by comparing urea and urine in tests on different vegetable and cereal crops.


210Nigeria

Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) in six riverine communities in Cross River State

Research with pilot

Riverine communities of Nigeria in Cross River State

c/o UNICEF Nigeria

Jan-06

Six communities approximately ### number of persons

rural households

UNICEF

State Rural WaterSupply and Sanitation Agency and UNICEF

State Rural WaterSupply and Sanitation Agency

The project is under GoN and UNICEF Country Program- WASH Program: UNICEF is supporting a research on appropriateness of ECOSAN for riverineareas in Nigeria. Riverine communities are those located at the river and have issues of high water table/water logged land. This is being piloted as other facilities are inappropriate for high water table.

not indicated

Agriculture/ crop production

n/a

no

no

Double Vault UrineDiversion Dehydration Toilet.

Based on the preliminary findings of the research, aNational Training of Trainers workshop have been conducted to build theskills of sector professionals from riverine and other geologicallydisadvantaged states on Ecological Sanitation. Apart from riverine areas,ECOSAN is also being promoted in few communities with very difficult

Bisi Agberemi WES Specialist, SanitationIGD, Integrated Growth and Development, United Nations Children's FundUN House, Plot 617/618Central Area District, Diplomatic ZonePMB 2851, Garki, AbujaFCT, Nigeriae-mail: [email protected]>

entered by B.Abraham on 1 July 2010 based on information received from Bisi Anberemi via e-mail on the 26 April 2010

211North Korea (People’s Democratic Republic of Korea)

c/o UNICEF PR Korea

2009

peri-urban households in a county

Ministry of City Management at the County level, BORDA and UNICEF

Ministry of City Management at the County level

Decentralised wastewater treatment system (biogas plants with constructed wetlands) in Yonton County

Urban sanitation project (Biogas digesters as a sanitation unit followed by constructed wetland as a second treatment step and use of biogas for cooking)

Yonton-County town/ equivalent to district head quarters serving 10,000 people. Also called Yontan County?

Constructed wetlands not finished ( some of the anaerobic units are already connected to houses, and producing biogas). In mid of 2009, already 70% constructed.

Benefiting 10,000 people from 2,400 families. (31 biogas digesters and a second treatment step in 5 constructed wetlands.)

UNICEF PRK ( Technical), AusAID ( financial) and BOARDA (Bremen Overseas Research Association –Germany) ( technical and financial).

Area described as plains area, largely a farming community. Initial feasibility and design started in 2007 and constructed kick off only at the 2nd quarter of 2008 and complete in Nov 2009.

Mixed sewage is treated

waste used in greenhouse and wetland; biogas for cooking (It is enough gas for 3-4 hours of cooking)

n/a

No

No

Mixed sewage (Grey and black water) treatment in the anaerobic digester, baffled reactor and constructed wetland. Biogas digester; constructed wetland

material contribution from community 40 USD per capita in kind and Cash contribution from UNICEF 50 USD per capita (use exchange rate 1 USD = 0.77 EUR)

A total 31 anaerobic reactors (10 m3 size and 25 m3 size) and same number of baffle filter constructed. Total 6 facultative pond / constructed wetland constructed and wastewater conveyance pipe laid for a length of 15 km including the collection pipes and main conveyer. The treated effluent is discharged in to the river. All together 6 greenhouse are constructed above the anaerobic reactor and baffle filter to assess the improvement in temperature in severe winter. This was first year and several activities were still going on during Jan – Feb so actual benefit of having greenhouse on top of the plant could not be ascertained yet

The initial finding is that the plant is relatively expensive for both community and the UNICEF (material contribution from community 40 USD per capita in kind and Cash contribution from UNICEF 50 USD per capita). Evaluation is expected in July – August 2010 and we expect to find the appropriateness of the component installed and overall operational efficiency of the plant. This pilot DEWATS was expensive, much beyond the UNICEF’s standard sanitation intervention unless the upcoming evaluation recommends

Ramesh Bhusal Chief, WASH Programme, UNICEF Country Office P.O. Box 90, Pyongyang, DPR of KoreaE-mail: [email protected] Consultant , Unicef Pyongyang DPR of Korea , 28 Munsudong,PO BOx 90Web site:www.unicef.org/dprk, E-Mail: [email protected]: inajurga

Updated by B. Abraham on 1 July 2010 from information received via e-mail from Mr. Bhusal on 27 April 2010

212Palestine

Urine diversion dehydration toilets with households in rural and peri-urban areas of Hebron District

Demonstration of urine diverting dehdration toilets (UDDT) with households

West Bank and Gaza

2000 to date

Follow-up and evaluation for large-scale implementation

Rural and peri-urban areas

Uno Wiblad, Sida and Palestine Hydrology Group (PHG)

Sida

28 households with ecotoilets. Assuming average household size of 7 (from country list), 196 users(According to work plan 50 dry toilets to be built)

UDDT

Urine and dehydrated faeces as fertiliser for tomatoes and olive trees

For each household unit US $ 700-1000

No

Squatting pan allowing 4 separate streams: faeces, toilet paper, anal cleaning water and urine. Models similar to those designed and produced by SanRes in China

http://www.sida.se/Sida/jsp/polopoly.jsp?d=2241&a=17352

http://www.sida.se/Sida/jsp/polopoly.jsp?d=2241&a=17352

213Peru

A PPP project for the implementation of urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs)

2008

Rotária del Perú SAC

Rotária del Perú SAC

PROAGUA (GTZ)

Urine diversion dehydration toilets as a part of a private public partnership project in the Regions of Lima, Cusco and San Martin

60 UDDTs. Assuming average household size of 5 (from country list), 300 users


Double-vault UDDTs

The material of the chambers is sometimers used as fertiliser

http://peru.rotaria.net/


No

No

Projects have to be attended a long time. If the projects are not monitored, they do not work. In each project there needs to be a person who feels responsible

Heike Hoffmann; see also photos in our flickr collection!Calle Navarra Nª 143 - Urb. Higuereta - Surco, Lima

214Peru

Urine diversion dehydration toilets in rural rainforest villages with native households

Region: Loreto; Districts: Andoas, Tigre, and Trompeteros

2005 - 2009

Rural zone in the rainforest

Caritas de Peru

Caritas de Peru

JASS, Cenca

Household urine diversion dehydration toilets in rural villages in the rainforest of three districts, Region Loreto

UDDTs constructed: 612. Assuming an average household size of 5 (from country list), 3060 users. UDDTs in use: 272

Humidity and rainfall in these semitropical areas can be extremely high during certain times of the year. An adapted construction of the UDDTs is recommended with special focus on best condition for faeces drying. The cultural circumstances have to be considered in a special way. The introduction of UDDTs has to be very careful, with a lot of explanations adapted to the mindset of the people.


Double-vault UDDTs

Jerado Gutierrez


No

No

It is necessary to know the social characteristics of the culture in the place. It is necessary to build a model UDDT, so the people can imagine the project. The project has to be supervised the whole time (in the construction period and after the construction). The families have to participate in the project (participate in the costs).

http://www.caritas.org.pe/

http://www.caritas.org.pe/

215Peru

Household urine diversion dehydration toilets in the squatter settlment Nieveria, Lima

Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDT) in a squatter settlment in a peri-urban area

Lima

Nieveria, Lima

2004

Peri-urban

Cenca

Cenca

The major part of the inhabitants are farmers. A large number of illiterate people.

UDDTs constructed: 120. Assuming an average household size of 5 (from country list), 600 users. UDDTs in use: 43


Double-vault UDDT; constructed wetland

The reuse of the faeces is not posible because of the exaggerated use of lime

Juan Carlos Calizaya; see also photos in our flickr collection!


No

No

Double-vault urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) Constructed wetland for greywater treatment

Cenca published a system of implementing alternative sanitation- ECODESS

Ecosan. Eine nachhaltige Lösung für die Sanitärprobleme der Marginalsiedlungen Limas (Peru)?

http://www.cenca.org.pe/

http://www2.gtz.de/Dokumente/oe44/ecosan/de-ecosan-in-lima-2007.pdf


216Peru

Cañete Province: San Vicente, San Luis, and San Francisco

May 2007 - 2008

Rural area

Care

Care

IPES (is helping since 2008 with the maintenance)

Household urine diversion dehydration toilets as emergency sanitation in rural areas of three districts in Cañete Province, Region Lima

Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) in rural areas of Cañete after as emergency sanitation after an earthquake

UDDTs constructed: 241. Assuming an average household size of 5 (from the country list), 1,205 users. UDDTs in use: >135


Double-vault UDDTs

Approximately 1500 Soles (500 US$)


No

No

Project without a good preparation of the users. No training courses of "how to use a UDDT" after UDDTs were build. Two weeks after construction Care got help from IPES. The work of IPES ended 2009. Less than half of the UDDTs are in use today (January 2010). Some UDDTs were destroyed by the municipality of Cañete to build a new canal and a new street. Lesson learned:

http://www.care.de/

Lourdes Elena Mindreau Zegarra [[email protected]] – it can be that they don’t speak English, it is CARE-Peru, as I know it is a separate Peruvian national ONGs without relation to CARE (USA).

http://www.care.de/

217Peru

Household urine diversion dehydration toilets in the squatter settlement Nuevo Pachacutec, Lima

Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDT) as a part of resettlment of people de Via el Salvador

Lima

Nuevo Pachacutec, Lima

2001

Squatter settlement in an urban zone

Alternativa

Alternativa

BMZ, Welthungerhilfe

Population with a very low income. Approximate 650 Soles/month (217 US$/month)

UDDTs constructed: 140. Assuming average household size of 5 (from country list), 700 users. UDDTs in use: <70


Double-vault UDDT; constructed wetland

People did not use the rabbits for food, they rear them like pets. Most of the gardens were abandoned.

Oswaldo Caceres Loyola; see also photos in our flickr collection


No

No

Urine as fertiliser. Faeces as soil conditioner, but most of the time not practiced. Faeces as soil conditioner for a small garden. Garden for rabbit rearing.


Ecosan. Eine nachhaltige Lösung für die Sanitärprobleme der Marginalsiedlungen Limas (Peru)?

http://www.alter.org.pe/portal/index.php

http://www2.gtz.de/Dokumente/oe44/ecosan/de-ecosan-in-lima-2007.pdf

http://www.alter.org.pe/portal/index.php

218Peru

Blackwater and greywater reuse system, Chorrillos, Lima

Lima, Peru

2007 - 2008

53 population equivalents (35 handicapped pupils plus personnel)

Urban area: school

Rotária del Perú, Lima, Peru

Address of School:Avenida de los Faisanes No. 950,La Campiña, Chorrillos,Lima, Peru

Start of planning: February 2007Construction period: July 2007 - October 2008

Centro Educativo Básico Especial (education centre)“San Christoferus”, Lima, Peru

Private donors (mostly for financing)Work-camp volunteers (during construction period)Pro Niño (school board of San Christoferus)

The Peruvian capital Lima (8 million inhabitants) is situated in one of the world’s driest areas (9 mm rainfall per year). 15% of the total Peruvian area is a desert, but unfortunately 60% of the population of Peru lives there, 30% thereof in Lima. All of them are affected by water limitation; especially the poorest people live with an extreme water stress situation: 1.5 million inhabitants are using only 20 litres water per capita per day.

The education centre “San Christoferus” is located in a desert area in urban Lima. It is a care facility for 35 handicapped children in the age range of 5 to 18 years. The 0.6 ha school area includes an outdoor area and six separate buildings at two locations, including a bakery, a laundry and a kitchen. The children are mentally disabled and many of them also have physical disabilities and birth defects of various kinds (sadly, there are only few institutions and opportunities for disabled children and adults in Peru). Six teachers supported by international volunteers take care of them from 8.00-14.30 o’clock. They spend their time playing music, baking, doing handicraft, cooking and since 2007 cultivating the garden, or just playing indoors and outdoors.

Before the start of the project, wastewater from 12 flush toilets (15 litres per flush), from bathrooms with showers and 3 kitchens, 1 laundry and 1 bakery was disposed to the public sewer system.

SuSanA case study, 'Blackwater and greywater reuse system, Chorrillos, Lima' (see website below)

Update 19.05.2009: Philipp Feiereisen

Yes

Greywater; separate streams of faeces, urine and greywater respectivley from UDDT; blackwater from flush toilets mixed with some greywater

Grease trap and constructed wetland for greywater treatmentCompost filter for pre-treatment of blackwater treatmentConstructed wetland for blackwater treatmentDouble-vault urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs)Vermicomposting for separated solids from treatment systemTreated greywater is reused for irrigation in the school garden.Compost, dehydrated faeces and urine as fertiliser.

Material costs for the composter with two double-chamber composting filters for pre-treatment, the vermicomposter, the constructed wetland and a 6 m³ storage tank were about EUR 3,250.UDDTs: Material costs for the two toilets with infiltration of the hand washing water were about EUR 910.

Greywater constructed wetland: 1 grease trap of 1 m³ for grease and oil separation. 1 tank with a pump for the storage of the effluent from grease separation and laundry. 1 Sub-surface, vertical-flow wetland with papyrus plants: surface area: 16 m² (4 m x 4 m) = 0.7 m² per capita. Total depth: 1.1 m (from bottom to top: 20 cm gravel with drainage pipe (4”), 60 cm sand, 10 cm gravel with 3 distribution pipes (1”) and 20 cm freeboard). 3 m³ storage tank for the treated greywater with a pump for irrigation.Blackwater pre-treatment: Compost filter system: 2 compost filter beds, each with 2 chambers with an activeThe implementation of ecosan components always needs qualified engineering staff with sufficient experience, especially in countries where the technology, here constructed wetlands, is not well known yet. The system is relatively complex with many sub-components, whilst only a population equivalent of 53 people is served.The following two points are important to consider:

http://www.susana.org/images/documents/06-case-studies/en-susana-cs-peru-lima-sanchristoferus-2009.pdf

http://www.susana.org/images/documents/06-case-studies/en-susana-cs-peru-lima-sanchristoferus-2009.pdf

219Peru

Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) for the squatter settlements in an urban area

Province: Lima, District: San Juan de Lurigancho; Squatter Settlement: Huascar

1999

Squatter settlment in an urban zone

Cenca

Cenca

Household urine diversion dehydration toilets for the squatter settlement Huascar in San Juan de Lurigancho District, Province Lima

UDDTs constructed: 60Assuming an average household size of 5 (from country list), 300 users


Double-vault UDDTs; constructed wetland

Juan Carlos Calizaya


No

No




220Peru

Household urine diversion dehydration toilets in the peri-urban zones of Ica City, Region Ica

Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) for peri-urban areas

Ica

Region: Ica; Province: Chincha; Capital: Ica

Peri-urban area

Red Uniendo Manos Perú - CENCA

Red Uniendo Manos Perú - CENCA

The city Ica lies in a coastal desert. The climate is very dry and hot.

UDDTs constructed: 92 Assuming an average household size of 5 (from country list), 460 users.


Double-vault UDDTs



No

No



221Peru

Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) in rural rainforest villages with native households

Region Ucayli; Provincia Ucayali; Town Pucallpa

Rural zone in the rainforest

Fundación contra el hambre

Fundación contra el hambre

Cenca

Household urine diversion dehydration toilets in rural villages in the rainforests near Pucallpa Town, Region Ucayali

UDDTs constructed: 40 Assuming an average household size of 5 (from country list), 200 users.

Humidity and rainfall in these semitropical areas can be extremely high during certain times of the year. An adapted construction of the UDDTs is recommended with special focus on best condition for faeces drying. The cultural circumstances have to be considered in a special way. The introduction of UDDTs has to be very careful, with a lot of explanations adapted to the mindset of the people.


Double-vault UDDTs

Reuse of the products in gardening and agriculture only if the user do not use so much lime.



No

No



222Peru

Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) in rural mountain villages

Region: Ancash; District: Huallanca

Rural zone- mountains

SUCO

SUCO

Cenca

Household urine diversion dehydration toilets in rural mountain villages of Huallanca District, Region Ancash

UDDTs constructed: 15 Assuming average household size of 5 (from country list) 75 users


Double-vault UDDTs




No

No

www.suco.org

http://www.suco.org/

223Peru

Household urine diversion dehydration toilets in Huanta District, Region Ayacucho

Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs)

Huanta

Region: Ayacucho; District: Huanta

Salud sin limites-Peru

Salud sin limites-Peru

Cenca

UDDTs constructed: 24 Assuming average household size of 5 (from country list), 120 users


Double-vault UDDTs

Reuse of the products in gardening and agriculture only if the users do not use so much lime.


No

No



224Peru

Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) in peri-urban areas of a coastal town

Sechura

Region: Piura, City: Sechura

Peri-urban area

Local government

Local government

Cenca

Household urine diversion dehydration toilets for peri-urban households in Sechura City, Region Piura


Because of the upwelling of cold coastal waters and because of subtropical atmospheric subsidence, the Peruvian desert is one of the most arid on Earth.


Double-vault UDDTs


No

No

Water-saving is something everybody see and accepts like a neccesary work to do in Peru. Everybody wants to save water, but the people only save water when they have to. (1) If water is very expensive or (2) they have to carry it over a huge distance.

http://www.munipiura.gob.pe/

http://www.munipiura.gob.pe/

225Peru

Household urine diversion dehydration toilets for rural areas around Pisco Town, Region Ica

Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) in rural areas

Region: Ica; Province: Pisco; Town: Pisco

Rural area

Cenca

UDDTs constructed: 70 Assuming an average household size of 5 (from country list), 350 users

Cruz roja españa

Cruz roja españa

Pisco was very near the epicenter of the 8.0-magnitude earthquake which struck south central Peru on Wednesday August 15, 2007.


Double-vault UDDTs



No

No

http://www.cruzroja.es/preportada/tv/index.html

http://www.cruzroja.es/preportada/tv/index.htm

226Peru

Household urine diversion dehydration toilets for rural areas in Lalaquiz District, Region Piura


Region: Piura; Province: Huancabamba; District: Lalaquiz

Rural area

Yachachiq SOLCODE

Yachachiq SOLCODE

Cenca



Double-vault UDDTs


No

No

http://solcode.org/

http://www.solcode.org/

227Peru

Household urine diversion dehydration toilets for rural areas in Zurite District, Region Cusco


Region: Cusco; District: Zurite

Dec. 2008 - Dec. 2009

Rural area

Municipality Surite with the municipality Cusco

Municipality Surite with the municipality Cusco


Ground-water level very high; 1 meter to 50 centimeter. Construction of latrines is not possible. Very plain area. Village very loose constellation.


Double-vault UDDTs


No

No

http://www.municusco.gob.pe/web/index.php

http://www.municusco.gob.pe/web/index.php

228Peru

rural upgrading

Aoti

department Junín

August 2008- March 2009

Project starts march 2009

UDDTs constructed: 44 UDDTs for families: 41 UDDTs for scools: 3 UDDT in use: 41

rural zone

NGO: salud sin limites

NGO: salud sin limites and the municipality Rio Negro

Ground-water level very high. Latrines are complete.

Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) for poor native families in the rainforest near Satipo in the department of Junín

faeces, urine treatment

Double-vault urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) + wetlands

Reuse of the products in gardening and agriculture.

http://saludsinlimitesperu.blogspot.com/

See also photos in our flickr collection!


no

no

Project very good prepared and executed. Nearly 100% of the UDDTs are in use. Only the UDDTs in the scools are not working. The construction of the wetlands is not working.

229Philippines

Constructed wetland for a peri-urban housing area, Bayawan City

Constructed wetland for tjhe wastewater of a peri-urban housing area

Bayawan City, Negros Oriental Province

Fishermen’S Gawad Kaling Village, Barangay Villareal, Bayawn City

2005 - 2006

Peri-urban areas

DILG-GTZ Water & Sanitation Program

Start of planning: February 2005Start of Construction: June 2005 Start Operation September 2006The constructed wetland was inaguarated in September 2006 and is in operation since then. A number of measures to improve the facility have been undertaken since the operation started. The header tanks were covered to minimise the odour during the filling process.Relocation housing area for 676 houses (average household size of 5 people, although some housescontain more than one family); design figure: 3380 people.

City of Bayawan, Oekotec GmbH, Belzig, GermanyGerry F. Parco & Marc Mulingbayan; Philippines

City of Bayawan, City Engineering Office

The project is located in the peri urban part of Bayawan. It is a resettlement area for families that lived along the coast in informal settlements without safe water supply and sanitation facilities. Records from the City Health Office showed a high incidence of morbidity and mortality arising from water-borne diseases

waste water


Yes

Household septic tanks; small bore sewer; header tanks; constructed wetland; drying bed for sludge; effluent storage tank

Concrete production during construction.Irrigation in organic cut flower and vegetabel farming project.Firefighting

The total cost for the construction of the constructed wetland are about 200,000 US$ including cost for consultancy and labour. The cost for operation and maintenance are estimated at 1,600 US$ per year. This figure does not include the cost for electricity because it has not been recorded yet.

- The total surface area is 2680 m2 and the wetland has a specific surface area of 0.9 m2 per person (a relatively low design figure and hence “optimistic” design – made possible by the low per capita flowrate, the sewage pre-settling in the septic tanks and the tropical temperatures).- The total depth of the filter basins is 2 m (for module 1) and 1.2 m (for module 2) from the concrete bottom to the top of the wall (including the drainage systems and about 0.60 m of free board). The filter layer itself is 0.6 m in both cases. The water flows by gravity through the distribution system and a constant head assures an even distribution of the wastewater over the whole area of the cell.The vertical soil filter in combination with the horizontal soil filter achieves good treatment results. The effluent quality complies with the standards for irrigation water. Labour force is comparably cheap. This option saved implementation cost for a bigger pump and reduces the operating costs for electricity. The inventiveness of City Engineering staff and the responsiveness of the consultants made it possible to continuously adjust the design to the local conditions.1. SuSanA case study, 'Constructed wetland for a peri- urban housing area, Bayawan City' (see website below)2. DILG-GTZ Water & Sanitation Program, “1st International Symposium on low cost technology options for water supply and sanitation” September 20043. Dr. Joachim Niklas, Oekotec GmbH, 1st expert report “Implementation of a soil filter treatment plant for water reuse in Bayawan, Negros Oriental”, March 2005http://www.susana.org/images/documents/06-case-studies/en-susana-cs-philippines-bayawan-constr-wetlands-2009.pdf

1. Office of the City Mayor, City Hall, Bayawan Philippines, www.bayawancity.gov.ph2. DILG-GTZ Water & Sanitation Program, 5th Fl. DILG-WSSPMO, Francisco Gold Condominium II, EDSA corner Mapagmahal Street, PO Box 1176 QCPO, Diliman, Quezon City, Metro Manila Philippines, [email protected], www.watsansolid.com.ph3. Dr. Joachim Niklas, Oekotec GmbH, Rosa - Luxemburg - Str. 89D - 14806 Belzig, [email protected], www.oekotec-gmbh.com

http://www.susana.org/images/documents/06-case-studies/en-susana-cs-philippines-bayawan-constr-wetlands-2009.pdf

230Philippines

Urine diversion dehydration toilets in rural areas, Bayawan City

Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) for households and institutions in a rural area

Bayawan City, Negros Oriental Province

Private Households and public instititutions of rural areas of Bayawan

2005 - ongoing

Rural area

City of Bayawan

City of Bayawan

DILG- GTZ and Water & Sanitation Program

Start of planning: June 2005Start of construction: Nov 2005Start of operation: Jan. 2006Phase 1 started June 2005 and is still on-goingPhase 2 started in April 2008 and is on-goingPhase 1: 40 UDD toilets planned in 28 barangays/ villages (approx. 220 people or 5.5 people pertoilet) End of 2008: UDD toilets at 22 households (household size: 5-6), 1 rural health centre, 6 barangay agricultural development centres in operationPhase 2: UDD toilets for schools (planned number not yet known); End of 2008: 8 UDD toilets completed

Bayawan City is located in the south-western area of Negros Island in the Central Visayas region, about 700 km southeast of Manila. It has a population of about 105,000. The city has 7 barangays1 that are classified as urban and sub-urban areas, and 21 barangays that are classified as rural. 80% of the population of Bayawan lives in these rural areas which cover 83% of the land area.

In the project area only 10% of the population are served with safe drinking water. The majority relies on dug wells and springs. Only 1% of the rural population has a household connection. 63% of the households have a toilet. These are mainly pour-flush or pit/VIP latrines.

Separate streams of urine and faeces respectively. Beige water collected separately.

Single- and double-vault UDDTs

Urine as fertiliser, faeces as soil conditioner


Yes

Double-vault UDDTs: 300 - 340 US$. incl. material and labour cost. Single-vault UDDT: 220 and 250 US$. Costs for operation and maintenance have not been monitored but are estimated at 30 US$ per year.

Double-vault UDDTs: designed for households with 5 to 6 members and a 12-month storage time for the faeces. The required faeces storage vault volume per person was estimated at 110 liters. Based on these design parameters, each faeces collection vault has a storage capacity of 0.7 m3.

Single-vault UDDTs: have mobile collection containers in a faeces vault volume of about 1 m3. The collection containers consist of used plastic or steel drums equipped with bin liners. When the bags are full they are stored in the vault next to the container or in another safe place if the vault is full.The planning and implementation process took much longer than originally planned because the project area covered all rural barangays of Bayawan City. Some of these UDDTs had not been used at all because the households didn’t feel confident to handle them. Refresher trainings resolved the problem and all facilities are used and well maintained. Monitoring visits ensure that the users can discuss issues and ideas with the members of the ecosan TWG. 1. SuSanA case study, 'Urine diversion dehydration toilets in rural areas, Bayawan City' (see website below)2. DILG-GTZ Water & Sanitation Program, "1st International Symposium on low cost technology options for water supply and sanitation" September 2004 Anne Kleyboecker, DILG-GTZ Water & Sanitation Program, "ecosan potential for Bayawan", January 2005http://www.susana.org/images/documents/06-case-studies/en-susana-cs-philippines-bayawan-uddt-rural.pdfwww.bayawancity.gov.ph; [email protected]; www.watsansolid.com.ph

1. Office of the City Mayor, City Hall, Bayawan, Philippines, www.bayawancity.gov.ph2. DILG-GTZ Water & Sanitation Program,5th Fl. DILG-WSSPMO, Francisco Gold Condominium II, EDSA corner Mapagmahal Street, POBox 1176 QCPO, Diliman, Quezon City, Metro Manila Philippines, [email protected], www.watsansolid.com.ph

http://www.bayawancity.gov.ph/

231Philippines

Urine diversion dehydration toilets with reuse in allotment gardens, Cagayan de Oro

Cagayan de Oro City

2005 - 2009

Urban and peri-urban

Peri-urban Vegetable Project (PUVeP) of Xavier University College of Agriculture (XUCA)

Peri-urban Vegetable Project (PUVeP) of Xavier University College of Agriculture (XUCA)

Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) for households in peri-urban areas and use of treated products in allotment gardens

Barangays Balubal, Balulang, Carmen, FS Catanico, Gusa, Kauswagan, Lapasan and Macasandig 9000 Cagayan de Oro City Philippines

Start of planning: May 2005Start of construction: October 2005Start of operation: November 2005Ongoing monitoring: planned until 2009

100 urban poor families in 10 self-sustaining allotment gardens (3 within premises of public elementary schools) in 8 city districts (barangays). Nine allotment garden have one UDD toilet each. --> approx.: 400 person

Local government units of Lapasan, Macasandig, Kauswagan, Carmen and Gusa; City Government of Cagayan de Oro (Philippines), German Embassy Manila, Philippines; Center for International Migration

Allotment gardens for urban poor families had already been set up in the city districts (barangays). The land being used for the gardens is owned by private individuals. With the city government as a project partner, the use of the land was negotiated with the private owners and fixed with a written memorandum of agreement. Vegetable production is the main purpose of the gardens wherein the families cultivate vegetable crops with technical support from PUVeP. The families consume and sell some of their products. The member families of the different barangays had earlier expressed their need to install toilets in their gardens.

Separate streams of urine and faeces respectively.

Double-vault UDDT; waterless urinal

Yes

Urine, after 6 months of storage, is added to compost heaps. It adds nitrogen to the compost thus accelerating the decomposition process. It is also used as a side-dress fertilizer (second fertilizer application) after diluting it with water before soil application. Faeces as soil conditioner.

The total estimated cost in the construction of one UDD toilet is PhP 27,365.60 (€ 437). Labour cost in this case was not included because the work force was provided by the gardeners.

Double-vault UDDT:Floor area: 2.00 m X 1.50 m ; Floor Elevation: 0.9 m; Ventilation pipe: 2” in diameter PVC; plastic container for collection and storage of urine; Nipa for the roofing Plain G.I. Ridge roll; For the chamber door plain G.I is used painted with black to increase the absorption of heat from the sunlight. 4x4 coconut wood for the post in 4 corners of the toilets. For the urinal pipe 1” diameter also for the urinal drain difference.

A study on the socio-economic benefits was conducted on the ecosan projetcs. All of them consider the use of the UDDT as far better than open urination and defecation. Besides the missing privacy and washing facilities there is a high risk of snake bites and harmful insects. Few gardeners, however, are not using the toilets because they prefer to go to their own toilets in their houses which are located nearby. Other gardeners feel not yet comfortable using it because they are to shy to use it. This results from the fact that 1. SuSanA case study, 'Urine diversion dehydration toilets with reuse in allotment gardens, Cagayan de Oro' (see website below)2. Robert J. Holmer, Analiza U. Miso, 2006. A City-Wide Ecosan Concept for Cagayan de Oro, Philippines. Proceedings of the GTZ/BMZ/DWA Conference "New Sanitation Concepts - International Project Experiences and Dissemination Strategies, Eschborn , Germany , October 25-26, 2006http://www.susana.org/images/documents/06-case-studies/en-susana-cs-philippines-cagayan-de-oro.pdfhttp://puvep.xu.edu.ph/

1. Dr. Robert J. Holmer; Director-Periurban Vegetable Project Xavier University College of Agriculture Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines Email:[email protected];Tel # 088 8588026 2.Stephen Lee; Agronomist-Ecosan in-charge Periurban Vegetable Project. Xavier University College of Agriculture Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines Tel # 088 8588026 3. Jocelyn Salcedo; Community Organizer - City Local Environment and Natural Resources Office (CLENRO) Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines; Tel # 09193207015

New: 14.05.2008 AnalizaAhabwe Gerald, 03.11.2008 email: [email protected]; Update 19.05.2009: Philipp Feiereisen

http://puvep.xu.edu.ph/

232Philippines

Urine diverting dehydration toilets (UDDTs) as community and school toilets in rural areas

Municipalities of Initao, Manticao and Libertad, in Misamis Oriental Province

2006 - 2007

Rural area

Water, Agroforestry, Nutrition and Development Foundation, Inc. (WAND)

Water, Agroforestry, Nutrition and Development Foundation, Inc. (WAND)

Rural community and school urine diversion dehydration toilets in Misamis Oriental, Libertad, Initao and Manticao (province of Misamis Oriental)

Start of planning: February 2006Start of construction: March 2007Start of operation: August 2007Monitoring and support period: March 2007 to present (and ongoing)

23 community ecosan UDD toilets at “barrio centres” and at primary schools (at 14 different locations), frequented by an estimated total of 1,000 people

German Federal Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) through the German Doctors for Developing Countries

Most families have poor sanitary conditions because they lack proper toilet facilities. 42% of the residents have no toilets and they just defecate in open fields or in creeks and rivers. This results to prevalence of parasites, worms, and transmission of communicable diseases within the local residents.


Double-vault UDDT

1 UDDT is 300€.

Yes

Urine is used as fertiliser in household vegetable gardens, fruit orchard, and seedlings in the nursery. Faeces not used.

The UDDT design with 2 chambers was adopted from ecosan projects of the allotment gardens in Cagayan de Oro City.

Some people did not participate, distrusted or even opposed the ecosan project because it aimed at changing existing sanitation norms and practices. It became clear that social acceptance cannot be reached by a one-time activity, since it may be very difficult to change long-held religious beliefs and cultural practices. It shows that it is important to involve the community from the very planning phase to the full implementation and to provide for a proactive, consistent, clear and reliable communication with all SuSanA case study, 'Rural community and school urine diversion dehydration toilets in Misamis Oriental, Libertad, Initao and Manticao' (see website below)

http://www.susana.org/images/documents/06-case-studies/en-susana-cs-philippines-community-udd-toilets-misamis-oriental.pdf

1. Cora Z. Sayre (Executive Director), Local Empowerment Foundation (LEF), Libertad, Misamis Oriental, 9021, Philippines. 2. Enerito Acain (Municipality), Municipal Mayor, Initao Municipality, Misamis Oriental, 9022, Philippines3. Peter Wychodil (Program Officer), Aerzte fuer die Dritte Welt Offenbacher Landstr. 224, 60599 Frankfurt, Germany

NEW: 16.05.2008 Analiza Update 18.05.2009 Philipp Feiereisen

http://www.susana.org/images/documents/06-case-studies/en-susana-cs-philippines-community-udd-toilets-misamis-oriental.pdf

233Philippines

Urine diversion dehydration toilets in rural areas, San Fernando City

Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) for households and schools in a rural area

San Fernando City

2004 - 2010

Rural area

City of San Fernando and Center for Advanced Philippine Studies (CAPS)

WASTE of the Netherlands and Philippine German Cooperation

Barangay San Agustin (coastal) and Barangay Nagyubuyuban (upland) in San Fernando City, La Union, Philippines

2003 - search for solution sanitation problem. In August 2004, the city government, CAPS, and 3 other local nongovernment organizations had formed a partnership to mainstream ecological sanitation in the city. The project in the pilot sites began with the selection of a volunteer household that will use the dry toilet for 3 months. After the 3-month trial period, applications for ecosan toilets began pouring in from the residents of the pilot barangays, Barangay San Agustin (coastal) and Barangay Nagyubuyuban (upland). By close of 358 UDDTsEstimated users (assumed for summary list) ??250 households, assuming average household size of 5 (from country list), 1250and 100 students for each of 3 elementary schools, 300 users.

WASTE of the Netherlands through CAPS and the Philippine-German Cooperation, Water Program towards an Integrated Water Resources Managment

The residents of coastal and upland villages in San Fernando City polluted their drinking water with their own excreta. There are around 426 households competing for the use of the village’s 3 communal toilets. More than 500 people line up to use each of these toilets everyday. Water is scarce and few users care to keep the toilet clean. They cook only easily digestible food to avoid indigestion; they rarely entertain for fear that visitors may need to use a toilet during the visit; they delay urinating and bowel movement; and they contend with diarrhea and gastroenteritis on a daily basis.


UDDT

PhP 1 million (US$20,000) for constructing the toilet facilities

No

Skepticism about the approach is ever-present so the need to build awareness is constant. Likewise, an appropriate UDDT design for the handicapped still has to be made; a sustainable source of ash has to be developed; and the design of toilet sub-structures in flood-prone areas has to be improved to ensure that the system is not compromised by floods.

http://www.ecosan.ph/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=12&Itemid=32 http://www.caps.ph/index.php?option=com_docman&task=cat_view&gid=22&Itemid=87

http://www.adb.org/water/actions/PHI/San-Fernando.asp

New: 16.05.2008 AnalizaAhabwe Gerald, 03.11.2008 email: [email protected]

http://www.ecosan.ph/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=12&Itemid=32

http://www.adb.org/water/actions/PHI/San-Fernando.asp

234Philippines

Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) and constructed wetland for a hospital

Balit, San Luis Municipality, Agusan del Sur Province

2003 - 2006

Hospital

Lumad Infirmary Hospital Balit

Dreikönigsaktion der Katholischen Jungschar (DKA Austria)

Urine diversion dehydration toilets and constructed wetland at the Lumad Infirmary Hospital, Balit, Agusan Del Sur Province

Planning: 2003 Implementation/construction: 2004 - 2006 Start of operation: 2006

Assume 100 users a day (assumption made for summary list) ??


Faecal compost for hospital staff garden; urine as fertiliser

[email protected] and [email protected]

Analiza from Newsletter 18 dated May 2006: 20.08. 2008

No

UDDTs and waterless urinals; constructed wetland; composting

(for waste management -waste separation, low cost medical incenerator, sanitary landfill and composting; rainwater harvesting and local infiltration of storm water)

http://www.ecosan.at/esc%5Fconsulting/

http://www.ecosan.at/esc_consulting/

235Romania

Urine diverting dehydration toilets (UDDTs) and constructed wetland for a school in a rural area

Garla Mare, Mehedinti District, Romania

2002 - 2003

4 urine diversion toilets and 3 waterless urinals at a rural school with 200 pupils

Rural area

University of Technology Hamburg, Institute for industrial and municipal wastewater management (TUHH)

MATRA, Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Urine diversion dehydration toilets and constructed wetland at a rural school, Garla Mare, Mehedinti District

Start of planning: November 2002Start of construction: August 2003Start of operation: October 2003

WECF (Women in Europe for a Common Future, Netherlands)M&S (Medium & Sanitas, Romania)

80% of the Romanian population are not connected to a central drinking water supply. Groundwater is however often polluted (contamination caused by pesticides and some of the nitrates are a result of agricultural practices, the faecal bacteria and the rest of the nitrates are a result of the traditional and widespread use of pit-latrines, which infiltrate their liquid contents into the sub-soil, have a bad smell and are often built very close to household wells), rural population having health problems as a result of using polluted drinking water


Double-vault UDDT; waterless urinals; small constructed wetland

6,341 Euros

Information inserted from GTZ datasheet

No

Compost will be used by local farmers for fruit trees or crops and urine as fertiliser for agriculture. The water of the washbasins infiltrates the underground after passing through a gravel-sand bed.

For each toilet there are two easily accessible composting-chambers (vaults) with a sealed floor made from concrete. The vaults are used alternating in a 1 year rhythm. The volume of each chamber is 1.2 m² with a useful volume of 1 m². The floor of the compost vaults has a slope of 1 % to drain any leachate. The middle of the floor has one big hole to the collection chambers covered by the squatting pan. When one chamber is full the pan has to be turned round 180° in order to situate the faeces whole above the empty chamber.Ventilation pipes with fly nets were installed from the composting-chambers to above the roof to avoid odour and flies. By the special design of the compost- chamber-dividing-walls only one ventilation pipe was installed for both chambers (compared to former designs where every chamber had one pipe).It is important to keep urine and faeces separate as most of the pathogens are contained in the faeces. Double vault urine diverting toilets is a low cost, very fast and easy to realise method to protect groundwater. With proper education even 6 year old children understand the principle of urine diverting toilets as a part of ecological sanitation. The new toilet system was accepted very well by the teachers and the pupils.Documents are to down load from website www.wecf.eu/publication or availableby contacting WECF.

See PDS 011 (website below)

http://www.gtz.de/en/dokumente/en-ecosan-pds-011-romania-garla-mare-2005.pdfhttp://www.wecf.eu/english/projects/47-romania-safesanitation.php

Project responsibility: S. Gabizon, WECF. Email: [email protected] Coordinator: M. Samwel, WECF, St. Jacobs-Platz 10 , 80331 Munich Germany. Email: [email protected]

http://www.wecf.eu/english/projects/47-romania-safesanitation.php

236Romania

Garla Mare (public toilet, town hall) and Vrata, Mehedinty, Beiu-teleorman, Pietrele-Giurgiu County

Since 2006

Rural area

FVC Garla Mare, EuroTeleorman, Local administration, WECF

FVC Garla Mare, EuroTeleorman

Foundation Ensemble France, TUHH, WECF

Urine diversion dehydration toilets for institutions and households in Garla Mare and Vrata, Mehedinty, Beiu-teleorman, Pietrele-Giurgiu County

Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDT) for three schools (other than the one in Garla Mare) and households with reuse of nutrients. Public toilet and town hall toilets also mentioned below.

2 schools, 1 kindergarten, (these schools are other than the Garla Mare school). 20 households.Also public toilet and toilets in townhall (??)

Assuming average household size of 3 (from country list), 60 users.Assuming 200 students per school and 50 for kindergarten (assuming for summary list), 450 users

None or partly central water supply, no sewage system, extremely bad sanitary status, nitrate and microorganism polluted groundwater.

Sanitation as a part of the "Sustainable Development for All" and "Safe Sanitation, Health and Dignity" projects


Double-vault UDDT; sandfilter

Reuse of urine and faeces


No

Double-vault UDDT: for school UD slab from China, for household and townhall home-made urine diverting seat riser. For male user extra urinals. Outdoor and indoor toilet.


237Russia

Biotoilet installations at the Kizhi Reserve Museum, Kizhi Island, Republic of Karelia

Kizhi Island (situated in Lake Onego), Republic of Karelia

2008 - 2010

2 biotoilets

Reserve museum, natural landscape

N. Khawaja wrote for further info but no answer. Follow-up. Type of biotoilet, number of users, reuse?

Biotoilets (??) in a touristic area

First stage was preliminary analysis of hte area to determine ist unique characteristics, number of tourists, and to choose the place for locating the biotoilets to meet aesthetic requirements and natural settings of the museum. Then toilets were installed and toilets trained for maintenance.

Kizhi Pogost ensemble is on the UNESCO World Heritage List. Tourist traffic in 2008 was over 195,000 people. Water supply issues are closely related to environmental pollutions, specifically pollution of the groundwater in the catchment area.

Biotoilets

Nadira on 17.09.09

No

No

- Local people who had the chance to get familiar with the 'dry biotoilet' method in the museum territory have requested toilets in their settlements.

T. Regerand, Ph: + 7 814 2 576401; email: [email protected]. Protasov, email: [email protected]. Laurila, ph: (06) 325 4255; email: [email protected]

238Rwanda

Urine diversion dehydration toilets in two rural schools, Huye and Ngororero Districts

District of Ngororero and Huye

2006 - 2007

Rural area: school

GTZ-Rwanda (Program “Health Cooperation”) and DED (German Development Services)

Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDT) in two rural schools with reuse of faeces and some reuse of urine

Start of Planning: Nov. 2006Start of construction: Jan. 2007End of construction: March 2007Start of operation: July 2007Project end: April 2007 (end of GTZ-Rwanda project, but toilets are still in use)24 UDDTs built in two primary schools: in Kiruhura (Huye District) and Kiziguroro (Ngororero District).2,800 students served.

Fachliche und Finanzielle Unterstützung: Sektorvorhaben “Krankheitsbekämpfung und Gesundheitsförderung” (GTZ)Cooperation Allemande en Santé au Rwanda: Gesundheitsprogramm der GTZ & und des DED

GTZ-Rwanda and GTZ program “Disease Control and Health Promotion” on behalf of German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ)

Generally, the sanitation infrastructure in rural districts, including school sanitation, is under the supervision of the districts due to Rwanda’s decentralisation policy. The district has personnel in charge of health, education and social affairs. This unit is coordinated by the social development coordinator. At the national level, there are three ministries which are concerned with public health, child-friendly school environment and adequate sanitation infrastructure. Those ministries are the ministry of health, ministry of education and the ministry of infrastructure, respectively. Rwandan education policy is emphasising primary school education for all, where all Rwandans will have free access to 9 years universal primary education starting from February 2010. But inadequate sanitation and poor hygienic conditions at schools result in high drop-out rates due to illness.


Single-vault UDDT

EUR 500 for one UDDT

Yes

Reuse of dried faeces in school garden; urine is used to fertilise coffee plantation in one school and drained into the soil in the second school.

- The single vault UDDTs were designed based on an average of 700 pupils per primary school (the current number of pupils is higher however). The toilet cubicles are 1 m x 1 m (length by width), and the faeces vaults are the same plan area as the cubicles and are 1 m high (therefore total volume of the faeces vaults: 1 m3).- The ventilation of the faeces vaults is provided with PVC pipes installed at the back of the UDDTs. The pipes start in the vault and reach up to approximately 75 cm above the roof and have a diameter of 110 mm. The openings are covered with fly screens to prevent flies from entering.- At Kiruhura, separate cubicles of the UDDTs were assigned for each class in addition to providing separate toilets for boys and girls. This measure proved to be very effective in enhancing the students’ ownership for the respective toilet cubicles, especially when it is reflected in the maintenance rules whereby each class cleans their own toilet cubicle(s).- Maintenance has become an issue because the UDDTs have been constructed by FEA without involvement of local people (due to time constraints at the time when the project was implemented). This is the case of Kiruhura primary school where two compartments of UDDTs are not functioning anymore because the urine pipes became clogged after only a short time. There is nobody in that place who can

SuSanA case study, 'Urine diversion dehydration toilets in rural schools, Huye and Ngororero Districts' (see website below)

SuSanA case study: http://www.susana.org/images/documents/06-case-studies/en-susana-cs-rwanda-uddt-rural-school-2009x.pdf

Friederike Amani Paul [email protected] Hadja Herzog [email protected]

17.04.2009 Philipp Feiereisen [email protected] ([email protected]), information from SuSanA case study

239Rwanda

Urine diversion dehydration toilets in a rural primary school, Huye District

Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDT) at a rural primary school

PO-Box 30 Huye Rwanda

2006 - 2008

Primary school of 350 students

Rural area: primary school

Rwanda Village Concept Project (Student-run Organisation)

Villagers and RVCP

Construction till 2008 JanuaryStart of toilet use about 1 July 2008; ongoing work

Private funds, donations from perspektive eine Welt e.V., UNESCO-IHE Knowledge transfere, FEA Fond de l'Eau et del'Assaissenent for technical design

Toilet construction for the Muyongoro Primary School and hygiene education programme. School is on a hill.


UDDT

Total 700,- € for one toilet block with 4 toilet cubicles

FEA Construction plans

Need of construction plans for toilets for bigger communities, like schools, markets, etc.

youtube, online publication http://www.youtube.de/d0rn30

http://www.rwanda-vcp.org and http://perspektiveev.de/projekte/ruanda/

No

Compost as fertiliser for school gardens/fields (future plans); urine currently infiltrated (groundwater contamination apparently unlikely)

Alexandra Höhne [email protected] Hovaire Nsabimana [email protected]

24.07.2008 Höhne, RinnhoferAhabwe Gerald 27.10.2008 email: [email protected]

240Rwanda

Biogas sanitation plants in prisons, Cyangugu City

Biogas digesters used for sanitation in prisons of a city

Cyangugu

2001 - ongoing

6 different prisons; ~5000 people per prison; ~30,000 people in total

Prison

Kigali Institute of Science, Technology and Management (KIST), Rwanda

Kigali Institute of Science, Technology and Management (KIST), Rwanda

2001: operation in 1st prison;2001- Nov 2005: plants running in 5 more prisons; 2006 onwards: 3 more prisons to be added per year

Rwanda's Ministry of Internal Security; The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC); Government of Holland

Huge prison population of 120,000 (result of the 1994 genocide); overflowing septic tanks and strong odour; great demand for fuelwood for cooking (10 tons/day).

Blackwater

Biogas digester, stabilisation tank, composting, laboratory checks of sludge

Composted sludge used in prison gardens for above-ground crops (papya, maize, bananas etc.)

BBC News. 30/6/05. Rwanda award for 'sewage' cooking; Ashden Awards for Sustainable Energy

No

~£50,000 for 500 m3 plant; phased payments possible - final 5% paid only after 6 months of satisfactory operation; £25,000/yr cut in firewood expenditure achieved

Several underground beehive-shaped digesters of 50 or 100m3; concrete base; 0.5 m diameter man-hole at top; wastewater flushed in closed channels

no odours, effluent used for crops; 50% reduction (27,000 m3/yr) in fuelwood consumption; reduced emmissions (10,000 tons/yr CO2 equivalent); 30 civilians & 250 inmates received technical & business training; 3 biogas businesses created; project won Ashden Award

http://www.ashdenawards.org/winners/kist05 http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4639363.stm

NEW 1.6.2007 YanivAhabwe Gerald, 28.10.2008 email: [email protected]

http://www.ashdenawards.org/winners/kist05

241Rwanda

Urine diversion dehydration toilets in a rural secondary school, Nyamagabe District

Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDT) in a rural secondary school

Nyamagabe, South Province

2006 (signing of protocol)

Rural area

Ministry of Lands, Environmentment, Forest, Water, and Mines (MINTERE)

Financed by: Water and Sanitation Fund (FEA)

Assume 100 users (assumption made for summary list)??

Rwanda lacks sanitation- very far from reaching the MDGs. In the context of acheiving MGD and Vision 2020, the Ministry of Lands, Environmentment, Forest, Water, and Mines (MINTERE) has signed a protocol of agreement with the Common Development fund for execution and works for 100 blocks of UDDT toilets. Out of 100 toilets, 10 public toilets are already built and are in use while 16 are in construction phase. In Nyamagable the UDDTs are provided because of lack of adequate sanitation facilities and water scarcity in the region and the school is not connected to a water supply system.


UDDT

Dried faeces use as fertiliser in the school garden

Noella Joyeuse Urwibutso: email [email protected]

Analiza: 02.09.2008

No

http://www2.gtz.de/publikationen/isissearch/environment/details.aspx?RecID=ECO-GTZ001878


242Rwanda

Urine diversion dehydration toilets at Kigeme Hospital

Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDT) at a hospital

2006 (signing of protocol)

Ministry of Lands, Environmentment, Forest, Water, and Mines (MINTERE)

Financed by: Water and Sanitation Fund (FEA)

Assume 100 users (assumption made for summary list)??

A bad experience is seen at Kigeme where there is nobody in charge of maintenance of UDDTs. It smelt bad and flies were everywhere and later FEA (wate and Sanitation Fund) put a responsible person who is in-charge in explaining the Do's and Don'ts of using the toilet and incharge of the management and maintenance of the toilet.


UDDT

Dried faeces

Noella Joyeuse Urwibutso: email [email protected]

Analiza: 02.09.2008

No



How many acutal UDDTs made and users??

243Rwanda

Urine diversion dehydration toilet for rural households in Bulera District

Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDT) for implementation with rural households at a large scale

E.g. Gahunga Village, Bulera District

Target: around 800,000 households of the district

Rural area

UNICEF

UNICEF; local government

UNICEF project funded by the government of Netherlans

In the past in Bulera district 80% of the population used to defecate in the bushes and 20% used pit latrines. Pit latrines are not suitable in this area because it is vulcanic and therefore difficult to dig.To address the hygiene and sanitation standard local governemnt with UNICEF promoted the UDDT. And materials are locally available.


UDDT

Sanitised excreta for the garden

Noella JoyeuseUrwibutso: email [email protected]

Analiza: 02.09.2008

No



follow up How many users?

244Rwanda

Public urine diversion dehydration toilets in a business centre, Bulera District

Public urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDT) tested in Rugarama business centre

Bulera

Rugarama, Bulera

UNICEF and Bulera District

UNICEF

There is a person in charge of maintenance and cleaning. The UDDT is located in Rugarama business center. Unfortunately it is not clean. Urinals are not yet constructed. But generally people in Bulera district are already aware of improved sanitation. UNICEF constructed a UDDT model located at the strategic point (market, office) and households are encouraged to construct their own latrines.


UDDT

The public toilet has four cubicles for each block

Noella Joyeuse Urwibutso:email [email protected]

Analiza: 02.09.08

No



interesting project! Needs follow up!

245Rwanda

rural communities and schools

Districts of Burera, Musanze, Nyabihu, Rubavu, Rusizi

c/o UNICEF Rwanda

Jan 2000

rural households and schools

UNICEF, Governments of the Netherlands and Japan

Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) in rural communities and schools of Burera, Musanze, Nyabihu, Rubavu and Rusizi Districts

10,000 households in districts of Burera, Musanze, Nyabihu, Rubavu, Rusizi, etc....will have eco-san latrines. By end of 2012, it is projected that:- at least 120 schools (110,000 - 120,000 pupils) have ecosan latrines (UDDTs); at least 20,000 households (100,000 - 120,000 people) have

Mainly work with Ministries of Infrastructure & Local Government; and local government authorities at district and decentralized levels

Mainly work with Ministries of Infrastructure & Local Government; and local government authorities at district and decentralized levels; with local NGOs/Faith-based organizations/Associations (Dusukure, Virunga ECOSAN); and the private sector. Those in private sector include, manufacturers of ecosan slabs/plates (e.g. AquaSan & Roto); local artisans/masons (trained through UNICEF support); and other community groups

Started as pilot, with direct support to districts and local associations (2000-2006) - but currently being scaled-up , thanks to Government of Netherlands funding, and considering increased interest among the users/beneficiaries and local leaders who are actively supporting its adoption in their respective areas. Project period is 5 years from 2009 to 2013. - as pilot project in Rusizi and Nyamasheke (2009-2010)Ecosan latrines are promoted at national level and currently implanted in different districts around the country. Promotion is supported by GoR and other development partners including UNICEF. They can be found mainly in Northern, Western & Southern Regions. Eco-san latrines have been installed - as public latrines along main highways in Northern & Southern Regions; in some schools mainly in Musanze, Rusizi & Burera Districts; in households mainly in Burera (currently over 1000 households) and Rusizi & Nyamasheke Districts (currently about 500 households) have installed. There is growing interest in ecological

urine & faeces separated.

Agriculture

n/a

Guy Mbayo Kakumbi [[email protected]] UNICEF Rwanda

no

no

Urine Diversion & biogas. The common latrine model promoted is urine diversion (UD) - Faeces are sanitized (left to decompose in safe place for 6 - 12 months depending on quantities, sunshine or temperatures) before they can be utilized as fertilizer.

Faeces are sanitized (left to decompose in safe place for 6 - 12 months depending on quantities, sunshine or temperatures) before they can be utilized as fertilizer. Urine can be utilized on farms to fertilize crops immediately after collection, but normally stored for 12 - 30 days to ensure it is properly hygienized.

High crop yields from farms fertilized with urine and/or decomposed manure have been achieved. In some cases, yields have more than doubled compared to unfertilized plots. Highest yields have been obtained with addition of urine and manure. Compared to chemical fertilizer (NPK), higher yields have been obtained using ecosan products. More than ever before, men are now keen to build and/or to participate in cleaning eco-san family latrines. They are mostly

Entered by B. Abraham based on information received from Guy Mbayo Kakumbi [[email protected]] on 5 May 2010

246Senegal

Urine diversion dehydration toilets in villages of Dakar and Thiès Regions

Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) for rural areas

2002 - 2010

Rural area: villages and schools

The sites are the villages of:Dakar Region: Mbéye; Wayembame; Déni sud; Bonoba ; Kanyak, Nguindouf, Pikine Niayes valley Thies Region: Keur Saib Ndoye, Keur Daouda Cissé, Keur Matar Arame, Keur Demba, Keur Karamokho, Keur Mor, Keur Saara, Mbayéne, Ndiréne, Hanéne, Keur ibra Niane; Mbodjiéne, Keur Madaro, Nbob gadiaga, Darou Diop, Ngatty yaram Tabi.

2002-2006: research phase2006-2010: dissemination periodDissemination phase recently started, with the introduction of ecosan in urban areas and some schools.

232 toilets and 12 urinals, reaching an estimated 15,227 people

(Additionally, people reached indirectly through 7 press articles, seminars, radio -broadcast, replicated training sessions by teachers, students or hygienist trained by the project, advocacy, sensitising campaigns, items (flyers, T-shirt, cap) is estimated at 135,000 persons. The overall population reached by the project directly and indirectly so far is 150,227 persons.)

CREPA (Regional Centre for low cost Water Supply and Sanitation) network in collaboration with the National Representative of Senegal


UDDTs; urinals

Faeces as fertiliser for agriculture

l

05.01.2010, Laura Margarete Simon, [email protected]

No

Two types of urine diversion latrine have been used: The Vietnamese and the Tecpan model. In all 232 toilets have been constructed so far. In addition, twelve urinals have been constructed: two in schools and ten to introduce Ecosan in urban areas

Fodé Abou CAMARAAddress: CREPA-Sénégal, Routes des Pères Mariste B.P: 2041 à Hann, Dakar Senegal (West Africa)Tel: +221 33 832 29 97/ +221 76 699 86 76Fax: +221 33 832 67 29Email: [email protected]: www.reseaurcrepa.org

247Sierra Leone

Urine diversion composting toilets as community sanitation in Chiefdom Pejeh, Pujehun District

Urine diversion composting toilets as community sanitation in rural villages

All 19 villages of Chiefdom Pejeh, Pujehun District

2006 - 2010

Rural area

Wherever the Need (WTN) and community

WTN and community

WTN

The 19 villages of Chiefdom Pejeh, comprising 10,000 people.To date (Sept 09): 25 toilets built in 3 villages, with approximately 75 people per unit, i.e. about 1900 total beneficiaries. By end of 2010: will be total 136 toilet units in all 19 villages, for 10,000 people.



Urine diversion composting toilets.

Fertiliser

Estimated $1000 per ecosan toilet

Pdf document and travel diary available on WTN website

No

Eco-sanitation or compost toilets are comprised of a raised platform above two chambers, one full and composting, alternating with the other. Organic material is regularly added to the chambers to introduce carbon for composting, to oxygenate the composting process and neutralise odours. It takes roughly five months for pathogen free compost to be produced. To help prevent the toilet from smelling, faeces andurine are not allowed to mix, as a chemical reaction between the two creates odour. Therefore, a pipe takesurine to a separate chamber. This may be used to nourish soils for crop growth.

- Toilets in Gbongay village had been completed and used. Each toilet unit was maintained and cleaned by the people who lived in the area.



Nadira on 25.08.09 from WTN websiteNadira on 02.09.09 update from D. Crosweller by email (02.09.09)


248Sierra Leone

Ecosan toilets at the Holy Rosary Secondary School for girls, Pujehan City

what type of toilets?

Pujehan City

Pujehan City

Planned

450 girls.

Urban area: school

WTN

WTN

WTN


What type of toilet?- write in title also


No

No




249Sierra Leone

Ecosan public toilets for a market site at Waterloo

what type of toilets?

Waterloo

Waterloo

planned

750 people

WTN

WTN

WTN


What type of toilets?- write in title also


No

No




250South Africa

Durban

Ethekwini Municipality, 3 Prior road, Durban, 4001

2005 - 2010

Periurban and rural areas

eThekwini Municipality

eThekwini Municipality

Central government of South Africa in the form of municipality infrastructure or housing grant

Provision of sustainable sanitation services with urine diversion dehydration toilets to peri-urban and rural communities in the eThekwini (Durban) Municipality

Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) to improve sanitation conditions, however without reuse because of safety concerns

Provide adequate sanitation for 200,000 families, the eThekwini project has approximately 30,000 UDDTs after 2 years work.

With funding from the central governement in the form of municipal infrastructure or housing grants, the municipality assists low-income households to improve their latrines. To empty a VIP latrine $150 is needed, which is very high, due to the high costs for sanitation in these areas, the municipality promotes UDDTs as an alternative to pit latrines to avoid the pit emptying costs. 90,000 households using conventional on-site facilities, 30,000 households connected to septic tanks and conservancy tanks 60,000 uses VIP. Majority of the households (425,000) are connected to the sewerage network. eThekwini's UDDT project has already funded the construction of 74,000 UDDTs. Athough, these households are given information about how to dispose of the waste hygienially, the programme is not an ecosan programme, because the municipality does not promote excreta reuse due to health concerns.


UDDT

-

-

Report from WSP: "Study for financial and economic analysis of ecological sanitation in sub-saharan Africa"

New: Sören, 14.11.06. Updated by Alemayehu, 28.09.2009

No

Not reused at this stage. This project is nevertheless regarded as an important ecosan project as the setup would allow an easy and safe reuse of urine and faeces in the future (if there are drivers for reuse).

Making the assumption that the agricultural conditions are 'average' and assuming that the households receive a financial benefit for the sale of the crop, reuse enables a financial saving by reducing the amount of expenditure on food. UDDT become attractive when excreta are reused.

Dr. Doulaye Koné (Eawag/Sandec), [email protected], Überlandstrasse 133, P.O.Box 611, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland, +41-44-8235553; M. Baba Coulibaly, ONAS, [email protected], Cité TP Som No. 4 Hann, BP 13428 Dakar, Senegal, +221-832-1386

How many UDDTs and How many users?

251South Africa

Urine diversion dehydration toilets in Genadendal in the Western Cape

Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) for an urban area

Genadendal

Genadendal, Western Cape

2003

-

Urban area

-

NORAD (Norwegian Government Agency)

The urine is diverted from the faeces but not yet collected, the urine storages are not yet available. The urine is seeping into the ground


VIP toilet; Double-vault UDDT

Urine as fertiliser; feaces as soil conditioner but most of the time not practices

7 million euro over 5 Years (R70 millions)

-

-

Neil Macleod [email protected] +27(0)31.302.46.00 mobil 083.274.69.90

Walter, 2007-12-10

No

Wilson, Z., Politcs of sanitation, Kuala Lumpur, 2006-http://www.ikmas.ukm.my/v1/files/Zoe%20Wilson.pdf; Macleod, N., provision of sustainable sanitation,Third international conference on Ecological sanitation, Durban, 23/25 may 2005-http://conference2005.ecosan.org/presentations/macleod.pdf,

http://www.ethekwini.gov.za/durban/services/services/water_and_sanitation/toplevelmanagement/toplevelmanagementpage?searchterm=Macleod

http://www.ethekwini.gov.za/durban/services/services/water_and_sanitation/toplevelmanagement/toplevelmanagementpage?searchterm=Macleod

how many toilets, how many users?

252South Africa

Urine diversion dehydration toilets in Kaheylitsha in the Western Cape

Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) for an urban area

Kaheylitsha

Western Cape

2003

-

Urban area

-

Mvula Trust and Cemforce Company and the Cape Town Metropolitan Council

Mvula Trust and Cemforce Company

Poor operation and maintenance condition, until Dec 2003 the concept of reuse and diposal has not been taken care of in this project


UDDT

21.12.2004 Sonny

No

how many toilets, how many users?

253South Africa

Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) in a rural school

Emzamweni High School, Msunduzi, KwaZulu-Natal Province

Rural area: school

CSIR

CSIR

Municipality and school

Sanitation facilities, mostly with old and unimproved pit latrines, were dilapitated, smelly and unhygienic

Urine diversion dehydration toilets at Emzamweni High School, Msunduzi in KwaZulu-Natal Province


UDDT

21.12.2004 Sonny

No

254South Africa

Urine diversion dehydration toilets in rural villages in Eastern Cape Province


Umtata

Eastern Cape Province

1997


Rural areas

CSIR and ECATU

Mvula Trust; P.O. Box 416; KIMBERLY; 8300

CSIR, Eastern Cape Government


UDDT

No

http://www.csir.co.za/plsql/ptl0002/ptl0002_pge001_home

Aussie Austin, Programme for Sustainable Human Settlements, CSIR Building & Construction Technology, PO Box 395, Pretoria 0001 South AfricaTel: +27-12-8412568, Fax:+27-12-8413400, Mobile: +27-82-4429888, E-mail: [email protected]

http://www.csir.co.za/plsql/ptl0002/ptl0002_pge001_home

how many toilets and users, reuse?

255Sri Lanka

Toilet Rehabilitation Project for disaster areas using urine diversion dehydration toilets

Urine diversion dehydration toilet (UDDT) as emergency sanitation

2005

Lein Foundation in Singapore; WTO based in Singapore; Habitat

Many NGOs working in the country lack sanitation experts. As a result many implemented sanitation systems are a danger to environment and humans; in other cases, the construction of toilets is neglected altogether. Financed through the Lien Foundation in Singapore, WTO assisted Habitat for Humanity to incorporate sustainable sanitation concepts into their projects. The WTO Sri Lanka Team is also developing a composite sanitation document for in-field selection of appropriate sanitation solutions for World Vision Sri Lanka.

UDDT (no greywater recycling)

No

http://www.mvula.co.za/Inveloper.asp?iP=479&iS={B3812286-ABDB-402F-BD3F-2AB051916025}&iSQ=1 and http://www.csir.co.za/plsql/ptl0002/ptl0002_pge001_home

Richard Holden, National Sanitation Operations Manager, Tel. 011 403 3425, Fax. 011 403 1260, Cell 082 451 4796, E-mail: [email protected] Mvula Trust, P.O.Box 32351, Braamfontein 2017, Tel: 011 403 3425, Fax: 011 403 1260, Email: [email protected]

http://www.germantoilet.org/de/projekte/sambia/menu-sambia/galerie.html


Worldwide list of all documented ecosan projects by various organisationsPage to calculate number of users and to check for German TC projects

# Country Project title

1 Afghanistan

2 Afghanistan Urine diversion dehydration toilets for a school in Kunduz Province3 Afghanistan4 Afghanistan

5 Afghanistan

6 Afghanistan

7 Afghanistan8 Algeria

9 Armenia Urine diversion dehydration toilets in a rural school, Hayanist10 Armenia

11 Australia

12 Australia Currumbin Eco-village with urine diversion flush toilets, Queensland13 Australia

14 Australia

15 Austria Urban urine diversion and greywater treatment system, Linz (solarcity)16 Austria Urine diversion dehydration toilets at a mountain inn, Pretulgraben17 Austria

18 Austria On-site treatment of blackwater with reuse for five mountain huts19 Azerbaijan Urine diversion dehydration toilets tested with rural households20 Bangladesh Urine diversion dehydration toilets for households in rural areas, Comilla21 Bangladesh

22 Bangladesh

23 Bangladesh

24 Bangladesh

25 Bangladesh26 Bangladesh

27 Bangladesh

28 Bangladesh

Bathroom construction with urine diversion dehydration toilets for households in Katachel and Nasseri Villages, Kunduz Province

Urine diversion dehydration toilets for women at the Pedagogical Urine diversion dehydration toilets tested with households in rural areas of Herat ProvincePublic urine diversion dehydration toilets in villages in Dehrawud District, Uruzgan ProvinceUrine diversion dehydration toilets in two villages as a part of the Clean Village Project, in Injeel District, Herat Province and Chaghcaharan City, Public toilet and bath complexes with biogas digesters in five localities of Integrated water and sewage management with effluent reuse in the Béni Abbès Oasis

Urine diversion dehydration toilets in households and five schools in rural areas of Hayanist, Fantan, Khachpar, Dzorghbyyur, Urud, Sverdlov, SaghmosavanUrine separating sanitation facilities at Maryborough Educational Centre (high school), Victoria

The reuse oriented Water Reclamation and Management Scheme at Sydney Olympic Park, SydneyUrine diverting flush toilets and grey water recycling system with rural communities at Kinglake, Victoria


Urine diversion dehydration toilets at Shabuzpur Tea Estate for the households of the estate workers, Mowlobibazar DistrictUrine diversion dehydration toilets tested as sustainable emergency sanitation in cyclone affected areasAction research and construction of urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) in seven hilly districts of Rangpur, Moulovibazar, Narsigdi, Sunamgonj, Bandarban, Cngonj, Gaibandh (overarching project)Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) construction in 60 rural households in Wrisipara, Gazipur MunicipalityUrine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) in five schools in Gazipur Action research on ecological alternatives and construction of 100 UDDTs in difficult areas of Gaibandha, Rangpur, Cngonj, Narsindhi, Moulovibazar, Sunamgonj, BandarbanUrine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) with 19 households in Pazulia and Fawcal villages, Gazipur district under Gazipur MunicipalitySanitation block with biogas plant at G.K. Model High School in Dhirassharm under Gazipur Municipality

29 Bangladesh

30 Bangladesh

31 Bangladesh

32 Bangladesh

33 Bangladesh

34 Bangladesh

35 Bangladesh

36 Bangladesh

37 Bangladesh

38 Bangladesh

39 Bangladesh

40 Bangladesh

41 Bangladesh

42 Bangladesh

43 Belarus Urine diversion dehydration toilets at dachas in Smilovichy Village 44 Bhutan

45 Bhutan

46 Bolivia

47 Bolivia

48 Bolivia

49 Bolivia50 Bolivia

51 Bolivia

52 Bolivia

53 Bolivia

54 Bolivia

55 Botswana

Construction and promotion of concrete urine diversion pans through piloting community-based urine diversion toilet (UDT) in Wrishipara Polli of Gazipur MunicipalityUrine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) constructed in eight schools in Gazipur CityPilot demonstration of 10 urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) for rural households at Sitakunda Upazila in Chittagong and Noakhali districtsConstruction of 200 urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) in rural communities of Gazipur, Tangail, Mymensingh Municipalities

Construction of urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) for the poor and excluded of indigenous community in Durgapur, Netrokona Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) to improve sanitation at Bashaivog and Bejgoan villages, Munshigonj in Bangladesh through information dissemination and awareness raisingDouble vault composting and urine diversion toilets in rural households in 16 villages in Naogoan, Jessore, Satkhira, Gazipur districtsDouble vault composting toilets and urine diversion toilets in 4 rural villages in Manikgonj and Gazipur DistrictsDouble vault composting and urine diversion in urban community of RangamatiDouble vault composting and urine diversion toilets in rural households in Bogra, Gaibandha, Joypurhat, linked to micro-financingDouble vault composting and urine diversion toilets in rural communities in Bandarban, and Cox’s Bazar Double vault composting and urine diversion toilets and action research in difficult rural areas in Bandarban, Gaibandha, Chapainawabgonj DistrictsDouble vault composting and urine diversion toilets in rural communities of Meherpur, and Naogoan DistrictsUrine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDT) in 20 flood prone villages in three districts of Sirajgonj, Gaibandha and Kurigram (large scale project)

Urine diversion dehydration toilet project at Goenpasingma Lower Secondary School and village, Zobel Geog PemagatshelUrine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) in 18 households and one school in Euyamo Village, Teop Geog Punakha

Urine diversion dehydration toilets for households in San Pedro town, Department (State) Santa CruzUrine diversion dehydration toilets for households in Departments (States) Oruro and BeniUrine diversion dehydration toilets for households in the peri-urban areas of El Alto, Desaguadero, Puerto Acosta and Warisata cities in Department (State) La Paz and private sector development for the collection, treatment and reuse of excreta in El Alto CityUrine diversion dehydration toilets for a school in Department (State) Urine diversion dehydration toilets for households, with private sector development for the collection, treatment and reuse of excreta, in a peri-urban area in Department (State) Cochabamba Urine diversion dehydration toilets for households in rural areas of Saavedra, Oquinawa and Mineros, Department (State) Santa CruzRural household and school urine diversion dehydration toilets in the sub-regional Andean programme for basic services against poverty (PROANDES) in the Departments (States) of Potosí, Cochabamba, Chuquisaca and OruroUrine diversion dehydration toilets as emergency sanitation, Trinidad City, Department (State) BeniUrine diversion dehydration toilets in the departments of Cochabamba, Chuquisaca, Pando, Beni and PotosiRural urine diversion dehydration toilets (after 6 years), Hanahai and Paje

56 Bulgaria

57 Burkina Faso Urban urine diversion dehydration toilets and reuse, Ouagadougou

58 Burkina Faso

59 Burkina Faso

60 Burkina Faso

61 Cambodia

62 Chad

63 China Urine-diverting vacuum sanitation system at Tsinghua University, Beijing 64 China Community-led water and ecosan programme, Shaanxi Province65 China Urine diversion sanitation in Olympic Forest Park, Beijing66 China

67 China

68 China

69 China70 China Rural sanitation with urine diversion deydration toilets in Guanxi Province71 China

72

73 Cote d'Ivoire

74 Denmark Composting toilets in the House Ramshusene, Bornholm75 Denmark Urine separation toilets at Munkesogaard Ecovillage, Roskilde76 Ecuador77 Ecuador Composting toilets at the Ecological Hotel Alándaluz, Manabí Province

78 Ecuador

79 Ecuador

80 Ecuador

81 Egypt82 Egypt

83 Egypt

84 El Salvador

85 Ethiopia86 Ethiopia

87 Ethiopia Urine diversion dehydration toilets for households, Addis Ababa88 Ethiopia

Household, school and public urine diversion dehydration toilets and greywater treatment systems in villages of Stara Zagora, Pleven and Sofia

Launch of ecosan during Film Festival with mobile urine diversion toilets and waterless urinals and use of the mobile units in subsequent events, Urine diversion dehydration toilets and urinals to obtain fertiliser for conservation agriculture.OuagadougouUrine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) in the rural communities and schools of Nasséré, Rollo, Rouko and Zimtenga in the Province of Bam

Community-led Total Sanitation with urine diversion dehydration toilets in Kampong ChamUrine diversion dehydration toilets in refugee camps of Farchana, Kounoungo and Mile

Urine diversion dehydration toilets for households in Zhonghe Village, Kunming, Yunnan Province Ecosan pilot projects with reuse of wastewater and compost in the ecocity programmes in Yangzhou and Changzhou, Jiangsu Province Ecosan project in Xianrendong Village with urine diversion dehydration toilets and biogas units for households and schools, Yunnan ProvinceErdos Ecotown Project, Dongsheng District, Inner Mongolia Autonomous


Congo Brazzaville

Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) in Ganga Edouard Primary SchoolUrine diversion dehydration toilets for the workers' villages of SAPH agro industries in the rubber tree industry

Urine diversion dehydration toilets at households in Chordeleg, Azuay

Constructed wetlands with reuse for a new urban settlement in Sabiango Town, Loja Province Urine diversion dehydration toilets in the building complex of Pestalozzi Foundation, Pichincha ProvinceUrine diversion dehydration toilets for the Achuar-Indios in the Province of Pastaza (pilot project AMAZONICA) Decentralised wastewater management in Kafr El Sheikh Governorate Improvement of the effluent quality of aerated lagoons (ponds) by membrane filtration and reuse of treated wastewater in a village near CairoSubterra constructed wetlands for treatment of wastewater from cruise liners on the Nile with reuse in agriculture, Luxor

Urine diversion dehydration toilets and solar toilets tested with households in rural areasUrine diversion dehydration toilets on the campus of Adama University, Resource-Oriented Sanitation concepts for peri-urban areas in Africa (ROSA) using multiple technologies, Arba Minch

Large-scale rural sanitation with arborloos and fossa alterna toilets for households

89 Ethiopia90 Fiji

91 Finland

92 Georgia

93 Germany

94 Germany

95 Germany

96 Germany

97 Germany98 Germany

99 Germany

100 Germany

101 Germany

102 Germany

103 Germany

104 Germany Ecological settlement in Allermöhe, Hamburg105 Germany

106 Germany

107 Germany

108 Germany

109 Germany

110 Germany

111 Germany

112 Germany

113 Germany

114 Germany 115 Germany

116 Germany

Biogas sanitation plants in seven schools in Addis Ababa, Jimma and Composting toilets and greywater reuse in a wastewater garden at a tropical resort, Beqa Island Ecological sanitation with different types of toilets at Kangasalan Yhteiskylä communal village, Kangasala townUrine diversion dehydration toilets and constructed wetland for two schools, households and a training centre in Mtskheta, Zugdidi, Khashuri, Dusheti and Gori Districts.Development and combination of innovative system components from process engineering, information technology and ceramics to create a sustainable technology for water and nutrient cycles, Kaiserslautern.Sustainable water management and wastewater purification in tourism facilities project (SWAMP) using urine separation toilets at Stranddorf Source separation, treatment and reuse sanitation system at the Huber SE office building, Berching.Source separation, treatment and reuse sanitation system in buildings of the Berliner Wasserbetriebe in the Sanitation Concept for Separate Treatment (SCST) project, BerlinRestaurant and farm with biogas plant, Waldmichelbacher Hof, Composting toilets and constructed wetlands for multi-story buildings at the ecological settlement of Bielefeld Waldquelle, BielefeldSource separation, treatment and reuse sanitation system at Lambertsmuehle museum, BurscheidDecentralised wastewater treatment and reuse systems within the project 'Alternatives for urban water supply and wastewater infrastructure systems' (AKWA 2100), Northrhine-WestfaliaUrine and brownwater separation (and partial treatment) at the GTZ main office building, EschbornVacuum toilets with on-site wastewater treatment and reuse system for a residential and office building at Vauban, Freiburg Vacuum sewerage and greywater recycling at the Ostarkade office building of the KfW Bankengruppe, Frankfurt

Composting toilets and constructed wetland for a residential area at Braamwisch, HamburgMultiple sanitation technologies for decentralised treatment and reuse at Oeko-Technik Park, HannoverThe Emscher River Head Centre - decentralised wastewater treatment with separation of brown, grey and yellowwaterSustainable water management and wastewater purification in tourism facilities project (SWAMP) using reedbed treatment at the Elbterassen Wussegel tourism facility, HitzackerComposting toilets and constructed wetland with reuse for a residential area at Hassee, KielDecentralised water and wastewater treatment and reuse for a housing development area through the Decentralised Urban Infrastructure Systems (DEUS 21) project, KnittlingenSustainable water management and wastewater purification in tourism facilities project (SWAMP) using vacuum toilets and waterless urinals at the Burg Lenzen tourism facility, LenzenEcological housing estate at Flintenbreite (vacuum toilets and constructed wetlands), LübeckRural farm and ecological conference centre with biogas plant and constructed wetland at Wacholderhof, MurrhardtGreywater recycling in Hotel Arabella Sheraton Am Büsing Palais, Vacuum toilets with on-site wastewater treatment and reuse system for the visitor centre of the national park Jasmund, RügenSustainable water management and wastewater purification in tourism facilities project (SWAMP) using urine diversion toilets at the Park Moräna See tourism facility, Soltau

117 Germany

118 Ghana Ecological development of Valley View University, Accra119 Ghana

120 Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) in rural school in Ansoumaniya

121

122

123

124 Public urinals in 'Place de l’indépendance Palais de Justice', Kindia

125 Household urinals in the community of Molota Préfecture, Kindia

126 Haiti Dry composting toilet at a public market place, Cap Haitien127 Haiti Treatment of waste from public latrines in a biogas plant, Cap Haitien128 India129 India

130 India

131 India

132 India

133 India

134 India

135 India

136 India

137 India138 India

139 India

140 India Urban decentralised wastewater management, Badlapur, Maharashtra141 India

142 India

143 India Urine diversion dehydration toilets for households, Ranchi, Jharkhand 144 India Urine diversion dehydration toilets for the rural poor, Chennai, Tamil Nadu

Vacuum toilets and biogas plant as a part of the Hamburg Water Cycle concept implementation in a new residential area in Jenfeld, Hamburg


Guinea (Conakry)

Guinea (Conakry)


Guinea (Conakry)

Urine diversion dehydration toilets in schools of Salloube, and Tialére and the community of Dalaba

Guinea (Conakry)

Urine diversion dehydration toilets in the Community of Damakhanyah in Kindia, Guinea

Guinea (Conakry)

Guinea (Conakry)

Urine diversion dehydration toilet centres at Navsarjan Boarding Schools, Demonstration of an eco-friendly, reuse-oriented public toilet centre in Rajendra Nagar Slum, Bangalore, Karnataka (no longer in use) Household urine diversion dehydration toilets (locally known as compost toilets) in four villages (including tsunami hit villages) of Trichy and Nagai Total Sanitation Campaign Project using urine diversion dehydration toilets (locally known as composting toilet), Mysore, Karnataka Sustainable sanitation infrastructure project at the pilgrimage town of Pandharpur, MaharashtraPour-flush toilets with biogas plant at DSK (Dalit Shakti Kendra) Training Institute, GujaratCommunity-based, public toilet centre with a decentralised wastewater treatment and reuse system (pilot project) at Ullalu Upanagara, Bangalore Urine diversion dehydration toilets (locally known as composting toilets) for ten schools in rural areas (including tsunami hit villages), Tamil NaduThree public urine diversion dehydration toilet complexes (locally known as Ecosan Community Compost Toilets) in Musiri Town linked to agricultural research trials at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Tamil NaduDecentralised wastewater management at Adarsh College, Badlapur, Zero-discharge, recycling toilet being tested for Indian trains and communal toilet blocks, Kanpur, Uttar PradeshDecentralised wastewater treatment in Shree Baleshwar Anudanit Primary and Secondary Ashram School, Sarole Pathar, Maharashtra

Improved traditional composting toilets with urine diversion, Leh, Jammu and Kashmir Demonstration of household urine diversion dehydration toilets in Nagasandra Village, Karnataka

145 India

146 India

147 India

148 India Urine diversion dehydration toilets at households in Kolkata, West Bengal149 India150 India Urine diversion dehydration toilets in Thergaon Village, Maharashtra

151 India152 India

153 India

154 India

155 India

156 India

157 Indonesia

158 Indonesia

159 Israel

160 Japan Automated composting toilet system at Asahiyama Zoo, Asahikawa City 161 Jordan Use of treated wastewater in agriculture, Jordan Valley

162 Jordan

163 Kazakhstan

164 Kenya

165 Kenya

166 Kenya Urine diversion dehydration toilets at a clinic in Shela, Lamu Island167 Kenya Urine diversion dehydration toilets at Khaimba Primary School, Butere168 Kenya

169 Kenya

170 Kenya

171 Kenya

172 Kosovo Urine diversion dehydration toilets in a rural school, Blace Village173 Kosovo

Urine diversion dehydration toilets for households at a coastal area in Bhuvneshwar, OrissaUrine diversion dehydration toilets at households in the drought-prone, water-scarce area of Dindigul District, Tamil NaduUrine diversion dehydration toilets at rural households as a demonstration of an effective sanitation option for the state of Nagaland

Urine diversion dehydration toilets at households in a village near New

Decentralised wastewater treatment and reuse system at Oasis Resort, Decentralised wastewater treatment and reuse system at Kamilini Kuteer Resort, Khariv, PuneDecentralised wastewater treatment and reuse system at residential complexes at Khidkali and Desai, Thane, MumbaiHousehold urine diversion dehydration toilets at Poonjeri Habitation, Mahabalipurum Town, Tamil NaduUrine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) for rural farming households in hilly village of Talavadi village, Tamil NaduPromotion of urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) in rural households in Dindigul District, Tamil NaduDecentralised wastewater treatment systems with reuse for urban low-income settlements, Tangerand and SurabayaPilot testing of ecological sanitation technologies at the Center for Urban Community Empowerment (Pusdakota), Kali Rungkut, SurabayaLandscape-integrated constructed wetland system for the treatment and reuse of greywater of a residential block at Ganei Tikva (not authorised for operation yet)

Demonstration of decentralised wastewater treatment and reuse for householdsUrine diversion dehydration toilets in and around Aksu-Jabagly and Naurzum Game ReservesResource-Oriented Sanitation concepts for peri-urban areas in Africa (ROSA), using urine diversion dehydration toilets and a wetland, NakuruDeveloping service providers of compost and biogas plants for small scale farmers in western Nyanza rift valley, central and eastern provinces of

Implementation of recycling-oriented sanitation services: urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs), wastewater treatment systems (biogas) and constructed wetlands (overarching project with many sub-projects)

Public toilet with biogas plant and water kiosk at a bus park in Naivasha, Kenya, Rift Valley Province (one sub-project of larger ecosan project)

Urine diversion dehydration toilets at St. Francis Nyangajo Girls Boarding High School in Kendu Bay Implementation of urine diversion dehydration toilets by Community Based Organisations, Ugunja District, Western Kenya (one sub-project of larger ecosan project)


174 Kyrgyzstan Piloting of urine diversion toilets with households 175 Kyrgyzstan Urine diversion dehydration toilets with urban and rural households176 Kyrgyzstan177 Lebanon178 Lesotho

179 Lesotho

180 Lesotho

181 Malawi

182 Malawi

183 Malawi Double vault composting toilets in schools in Chinteche

184 Mali Peri-urban urine diversion dehydration toilets (abandoned), Koulikoro185 Mali

186 Mexico Urban ecosan pilot program with multiple technologies at Tepoztlán187 Mexico

188 Moldova

189 Mongolia Urine diversion dehydration toilets in an urban area, Ulaanbaatar

190 Mongolia Urine diversion dehydration toilets at tourist camp Khovsgol Inn, Khatgal

191 Morocco Urine diversion dehydration toilets in Souss Massa Park

192 Mozambique193 Mozambique194 Mozambique195 Namibia 196 Namibia Urine diversion dehydration toilets with rural households, Gibeon Village197 Namibia

198 Nepal

199 Nepal

200 Nepal Urine diversion toilets for a school in Darechowk Village, Chitwan District201 Nepal Household urine diversion toilets in peri-urban areas in Kathmandu Valley202 Nepal

203 Nepal Ecofarming using products from urine diversion toilets in nine villages

Urine diversion dehydration toilets for six schools and one madrasah in Greywater treatment and reuse for households in Tanoura Village, Rasha Decentralised wastewater treatment systems and reuse for the domestic wastewater of single households in Maseru and MapotengDecentralised wastewater treatment systems and reuse for the domestic wastewater of three institutions in Maseru, Thaba Bosiu and RotheDecentralised wastewater treatment systems and reuse for the wastewater of three tourism facilities in Butha Buthe and Thaba BosiuUrine diversion dehydration toilets for poor households in the cities of Lilongwe, Blantyre and Mzuzu Low cost sanitation with arboloo, fossa alterna and skyloo latrines in rural areas of Embangweni, Thylo and Phalombe


Urine diversion dehydration toilets and greywater treatment contributing to the protection of El Tule LagoonUrine diversion dehydration toilets for a kindergarten, a school and households in Criscauti, Bolduresti and Bacseni Villages, Drochia and

Fossa alterna latrines in peri-urban areas of Lichinga City, Niassa Province Fossa alterna and arborloo latrines in rural and peri-urban areas, Niassa Urine diversion dehydration toilets in a rural resettlement area, Sofala Urine diversion dehydration toilets with peri-urban households in Mariental

Sanitation centres with vacuum toilets and biogas plants for an informal urban settlement in northern Namibia

Urine bank in Siddhipur


Biogas digesters for household sanitation in the Nepal Biogas Support Program

204 Nepal

205 Netherlands Ecological housing estate, Culemborg206 Netherlands

207 Netherlands

208 Niger

209 Niger

210 Nigeria

211

212 Palestine

213 Peru

214 Peru

215 Peru

216 Peru

217 Peru

218 Peru Blackwater and greywater reuse system, Chorrillos, Lima 219 Peru

220 Peru

221 Peru

222 Peru

223 Peru224 Peru

225 Peru

226 Peru

227 Peru

228 Peru

229 Philippines Constructed wetland for a peri-urban housing area, Bayawan City230 Philippines Urine diversion dehydration toilets in rural areas, Bayawan City231 Philippines232 Philippines

233 Philippines Urine diversion dehydration toilets in rural areas, San Fernando City234 Philippines


Greywater treatment of a residential area using a constructed wetland, GroningenGreywater treatment and reuse as a part of the Green Roof Project for ecological housing, UtrechtUrine diversion dehydration toilets and urinals. For villages of Dan Bidé, Maifarou,Milli, Saja Manja, Dogoraoua,Tsamiya Bakoye ,Zabon Mousso, and Malloumey Saboua in AguiéUrine diversion dehydration toilets and fossa alterna latrines linked with Farmer Field Schools in rural areas, AguieUrine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) in six riverine communities in Cross River State

North Korea (People’s Democratic Republic of Korea)


Urine diversion dehydration toilets with households in rural and peri-urban areas of Hebron DistrictUrine diversion dehydration toilets as a part of a private public partnership project in the Regions of Lima, Cusco and San MartinHousehold urine diversion dehydration toilets in rural villages in the rainforest of three districts, Region LoretoHousehold urine diversion dehydration toilets in the squatter settlement Nieveria, LimaHousehold urine diversion dehydration toilets as emergency sanitation in rural areas of three districts in Cañete Province, Region Lima Household urine diversion dehydration toilets in the squatter settlement Nuevo Pachacutec, Lima

Household urine diversion dehydration toilets for the squatter settlement Huascar in San Juan de Lurigancho District, Province LimaHousehold urine diversion dehydration toilets in the peri-urban zones of Ica City, Region IcaHousehold urine diversion dehydration toilets in rural villages in the rainforests near Pucallpa Town, Region UcayaliHousehold urine diversion dehydration toilets in rural mountain villages of Huallanca District, Region AncashHousehold urine diversion dehydration toilets in Huanta District, Region Household urine diversion dehydration toilets for peri-urban households in Sechura City, Region PiuraHousehold urine diversion dehydration toilets for rural areas around Pisco Town, Region IcaHousehold urine diversion dehydration toilets for rural areas in Lalaquiz District, Region PiuraHousehold urine diversion dehydration toilets for rural areas in Zurite District, Region CuscoUrine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) for poor native families in the rainforest near Satipo in the department of Junín

Urine diversion dehydration toilets with reuse in allotment gardens, Rural community and school urine diversion dehydration toilets in Misamis Oriental, Libertad, Initao and Manticao (province of Misamis Oriental)

Urine diversion dehydration toilets and constructed wetland at the Lumad Infirmary Hospital, Balit, Agusan Del Sur Province

235 Romania

236 Romania

237 Russia 238 Rwanda239 Rwanda Urine diversion dehydration toilets in a rural primary school, Huye District240 Rwanda Biogas sanitation plants in prisons, Cyangugu City241 Rwanda242 Rwanda Urine diversion dehydration toilets at Kigeme Hospital243 Rwanda Urine diversion dehydration toilet for rural households in Bulera District244 Rwanda245 Rwanda

246 Senegal Urine diversion dehydration toilets in villages of Dakar and Thiès Regions247 Sierra Leone

248 Sierra Leone Ecosan toilets at the Holy Rosary Secondary School for girls, Pujehan City249 Sierra Leone Ecosan public toilets for a market site at Waterloo250 South Africa

251 South Africa Urine diversion dehydration toilets in Genadendal in the Western Cape252 South Africa Urine diversion dehydration toilets in Kaheylitsha in the Western Cape253 South Africa

254 South Africa255 Sri Lanka

256 Swaziland

257 Sweden Ecological Village Björnsbyn258 Sweden259 Sweden Urine diversion toilets in the Palsternackan housing project, Enskede260 Sweden

261 Sweden262 Sweden Water management in Universeum, Gothenburg263 Sweden Eco-house, Noorköping 264 Sweden

265 Switzerland

266 Switzerland

267 Switzerland

268 Syria Effluent reuse from constructed wetland system, Haran Al-Awamied269 Tajikistan Urine diversion dehydration toilets at six schools in Sogd Province 270 Tajikistan #REF!271 Tanzania272 Tanzania

273 Tanzania

274 Tanzania Testing acceptability of dry toilets in a nomadic community in Malinyi275 Togo

Urine diversion dehydration toilets and constructed wetland at a rural school, Garla Mare, Mehedinti DistrictUrine diversion dehydration toilets for institutions and households in Garla Mare and Vrata, Mehedinty, Beiu-teleorman, Pietrele-Giurgiu CountyBiotoilet installations at the Kizhi Reserve Museum, Kizhi Island, Republic Urine diversion dehydration toilets in two rural schools, Huye and

Urine diversion dehydration toilets in a rural secondary school,

Public urine diversion dehydration toilets in a business centre, Bulera Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) in rural communities and schools of Burera, Musanze, Nyabihu, Rubavu and Rusizi Districts


Provision of sustainable sanitation services with urine diversion dehydration toilets to peri-urban and rural communities in the eThekwini

Urine diversion dehydration toilets at Emzamweni High School, Msunduzi in KwaZulu-Natal ProvinceUrine diversion dehydration toilets in rural villages in Eastern Cape Toilet Rehabilitation Project for disaster areas using urine diversion dehydration toiletsUrine diversion composting toilets and enviroloos as a part of the Dry Sanitation project, Msunduza Township

Urine diversion dry toilets in the Gebers collective housing project,

Urine diversion flush toilets at Understenshöjden ecovillage in the suburb of Björkhagen, StockholmUrine diversion flush toilets at the neighbourhood of Skogaberg,

Integrated Water Management with urine diversion flush toilets at Elkanlandstad School, Mölndals Testing of NoMix toilets and waterless urinals in Eawag's (Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology) new main building 'the Forum Chriesbach', Dübendorf"UrinPur" pilot project with NoMix toilets, Liestal (these toilets were removed in April 2009!)Urine diversion toilets and decentralised domestic wastewater treatment with a membrane bioreactor

Constructed wetland and effluent reuse in a pilot area Majumbasita, Dar Resource-Oriented Sanitation concepts for peri-urban areas in Africa (ROSA), using urine diversion dehydration toilets, ArushaUrine diversion dehydration toilets for households and a school in Hai District, Kilimanjaro region

Urine diversion dehydration toilets for Datcha and surrounding villages (in planning phase)

276 Togo #REF!277 Togo #REF!278 Togo

279 Togo #REF!

280 Turkey #REF!281 Uganda #REF!282 Uganda South Western Towns Water and Sanitation Project (SWTWS)283 Uganda Kitgum Town Water Supply Expansion and Basic Sanitation Programme284 Uganda

285 Uganda

286 Uganda

287 Uganda

288 Uganda289 Uganda Rural sanitation programme with urine diversion dehydration toilets 290 Uganda

291 Uganda

292 Uganda293 Uganda

294 Uganda

295 Ukraine #REF!296 Ukraine #REF!297

298

299

300 Uzbekistan Composting toilets to improve sanitation in the Fergana Valley301 Uzbekistan

302 Vietnam303 Vietnam

304 Yemen #REF!305 Yemen #REF!306 Yemen Treatment and reuse of greywater from a mosque307 Zambia #REF!308 Zambia #REF!309 Zambia

310 Zambia

311 Zambia

Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) in rural and urban communities in the Savannes Region

Resource-Orientated Sanitation Concepts for Peri-urban Areas in Eastern Africa (ROSA), Kitgum Town CouncilWater supply and ecological sanitation infrastructure rehabilitation projects (Kalungu, Kanawat and several other towns)Urine diversion dehydration toilets and constructed wetland with reuse in the Pdimu landing site ecosan projectUrine diversion dehydration and composting toilets as a part of the Lake Victoria Environmental Management Project (LVEMP), DdimoMulti-story urine diversion dehydration toilets in Rubaga Girls Secondary

Self-uptake of urine diversion dehydration toilets by households in Kabale Municipality, Kabale DistrictSocial marketing approach in scaling-up sanitation and hygiene with urine diversion dehydration toilets in urban slums of Kawempe Division, Urine diversion dehydration toilets at Biina primary school in Luzira, Kampala City Council (KCC) Ecological Sanitation Project testing urine diversion dehydration toilets in slums, Kampala (regarded as not very DED EcoSan Promotion in Adjumani Town Council, Arua Municipal Council and Luwero Town Council

United Arab Emirates

Three examples of wastewater reuse after reed bed treatment, Dubai, Industrial Zone

United States of America (USA)

Ecosanitation at the office of an engineering company in Bellingham (further information pending)

United Kingdom

Geo-textile based dry toilet tested in the Cairngorms National Park, Scotland

Urine diversion dehydration toilets for schools and households in urban and rural areasUrine diversion dehydration toilets for urban and peri-urban areas, Hanoi Support Project to the Biogas Programme for the Agricultural Sector in some provinces in Vietnam

Urine diversion composting toilets as a part of the Madimba Integrated Ecological Sanitation Project, LusakaUrine diversion toilets for household applied in the North-western and Southern ProvincesUrine diversion composting toilets as a part of the Dry Sanitation Improvement Programme for Zambia (ZASP), Kaloko Region

312 Zimbabwe Urine diversion toilets for peri-urban and rural areas in Harare and Guruve313 Zimbabwe

1 Europe

2 Europe

3 West Africa

Promotion of "fossa alterna" toilets under emergency situations in settlements in Hopley, Hatcliffe and Victoria Falls

Regional projects

Short-rotation willow biomass plantations irrigated and fertilised with wastewaters (FAIR5-CT97-3947): 1998 - 2002European Sanitary Waste Treatment Project, Sanbox (for remotely located tourist facilities)EU-Sanitation project network for Africa: NETSSAF (Network for the development of sustainable approaches for large scale implementation of sanitation in Africa), 2005 - 2008

Worldwide list of all documented ecosan projects by various organisations

* Nos. given in bold are assumptions of people per household from the country list

Start of use Case Study?

2009 2,000 20 100 2000

2003 3,600 36 36002007 150 6 1502000 102 6 17 102

2008 12,500 40 12,500

2009 810 6 135 810

2005 5,000 99 5,000planned X

2006 376 X 10 3762006 1,140 1140

2007 1,500 1500

2008 16 7 162000 20,000 20,000

2010 40 1.33 30 40

2004 460 X 147 4602002 - ?2002 150 150

1993 690 6902008 10 5 2 102004 1,350 114 13502007 1,000 15 1,000

2008 500 5 100 500

2009

2008 300 5 60 300

2009 5,000 1000 5 5,0002009 500 5 100 500

2007 95 5 19 95

2009 1,000 1000 1 1,000

Same as column JEstimatednumber of users

German TCparticipation

No. of people per household

or per

No. of sanitary

units or of households

Total no. of people

served

bio treat. plant

not applicable (overarching project)

2008 unknown

2009 3,675 0

2009 75 5 15 75

2010 600 30 20 600

planned 0

2005 177 7.08 25 177

2007 1,280 6.50 197 1,280

2008 744 6.20 120 744

2008 42 7.00 6 42

2008 57 6.33 9 57

2009 300 15.00 20 300

2009 251 6.61 38 251

2009 137 5.07 27 137

2009 15,500 15,500

2008 33 3 11 332009 440 5 18 440

2009 440 5 18 440

2005 2,000 500 2,000

140 29 140

1,845 369 1845

750 22 750 120 30 120

1997 9,000 1,800 9,000

2006 41,510 5899 41510

2007 5,000 100 5000

2010 200,000 5000 40 200000

2002 252 X X 42 252

2005 866 866

2007 6,000 X X 933 6000

2007 2,000 2,000

2009 8,400 8 1050 8,400

2008 83,242

2006 8,000 4 2000 8,000

2009 440 88 440

2004 175 X 42 1752005 196,000 X 20000 1960002007 18,800 X 42 18,8002003 426 3 142 426

1,100

2005 910 910

2003 2,900 1998 2,055,000 3 685,000 20550002006 370 X 370

2007 832

2007 30,000 30000

16 2 8 161995 40 2 20 402000 46 12 461996 42 7

2001 850 850

1998 40 9 40

2003 70 7 10 70

2007 2,750 1 2,750 500 500

2004 1,200 400

2000 624 4 156 624

2010 400 X 16.66666667 24 4002006 78,000 78000

1996 500 5 100 5002004 269,200 5 53,840 269200

2000 5,500 55001999

1997 36 4 9 36

2006 560 560

2007 200 200

14 2 7 14

2002 200 200

2003 35 35

1994 274 2741994 400 400

2000 8 8

2000 15,800 15800

2005 400 X X 400

2000 50 50

2002 350 350

1985 140 X 140 80 2 80

1995 800 800

2006 40 40

2003 40 40

1990 90 90

2004 200

2007 120 120

1999 380 380

1996

1995 380 3802004

500 500

planned 2 720

2003 2,500 X 25002002 X

2010 5,000 156 32 5000

2008 2,000 1000 9 2000

2008 2,250 1000 11 2250

2008 14 250

2006 5 250

2006 150 5 3 150

2007 300 300planned

2005 660 X X 24 6602000 X 1000

2006 3,450 1,020 3,450

2006 90,000

2010 planned X

2005 800 X X 800

2006 750 Dewats 750

2007 4,707 168 4,707

2005 690 34 690

2006 2,600 X X 2,6002007 100 4 100

2008 520 520

2010 planned X Dewats 2,0002005 100 X 1 100

2008 45 5 9 45

2008 175 5 35 1752008 250 5 50 250

Greywater treatment

2008 500 5 100 500

2008 500 5 100 500

2008 100 5 20 100

2008 60 5 12 602008 175 5 35 1752007 40 15 + ? 3

2009 800 Dewats 8002009 25 Dewats 25

2009 1,276 Dewats 1,276

15 5 3 15

2003 200 440

2008 865 5.0 173 865

X

15 15

- 2,200 4 2200

1997 4,000 31 40002003 4,000 X X 4000

2002 225 5 225

2008 400 22 400

2006 230 230

2005 22 X 22

2010 planned 402006 1,000 X 10002008 45,200 X 20 1000+18 45200

2008 1,800 X X 1800

2010 40

2008 3,000 X X 20 150 3000

2000 500 5002000 35 7 5 35

2007 60 X 5 12 602006 1,500 5 300 15002008 2,000 20002006 120 4 30 1202007 184 184

2007 285 285

2007 250 250

2005 2,500 5 500 2500

2002 63,555 5 12711 63555

2002 11,000 1000 11 11000

2000 X X2005 350 350

2003 35,000 350002006 150 5 30 150

2008 310 310

2007 75 X 5 75

2007 30 2 30

2006 180 X 180

2000 304 4 76 3042001 120 2001 5,200 X 5200

250 1,030 X 5 206 10302004 60 X 5 12 60

planned X

2010 600 600

2008 4,302 6 717 4302

2007 500 5002003 1,200 12001992 686,000 X 686,000

2003 6,810 6 1135 6810

2006 210 6 35 210

19991995 440 440

1989 20 2 10 20

2009 1,200 200 1200

2007 1,260 6 210 1260

2006 600 600

2009 10,000 4.17 2400 10000

2000 196 7 28 196

2008 300 X 5 60 300

2005 3,060 5 612 3060

2004 600 5 120 600

2007 1,205 5 241 1205

2001 700 5 140 700

2007 53 X 531999 300 5 60 300

2007 460 5 92 460

2002 200 5 40 200

2004 75 5 15 75

2008 120 5 24 1202005 410 5 82 410

2007 350 5 70 350

2008 1,200 5 240 1200

2008 1,005 5 201 1005

2009 205 5 41 205

2005 3,380 X X 33802005 510 X X 5102005 400 X X 4002007 1,000 X X 1000

2004 1,550 X 15502003 100 100

2002 200 200

2006 510 510

2008 22007 2,800 X X 24 28002006 350 3502001 30,000 300002006 100 1002006 100 100

800,000

2000

2002 15,227 244 15,2272006 1,875 75 25 1875

2010 planned 2010 planned 2005 200,000 30,000 200,000

20032003

1997 120 4 30 1202005

2007

19941998 80 801996 160 1601995 160 160

2005 254 2 254

50 1999 600 600

2004 400 44 400

2003 0

2004 4 4

2000 14,000 X X2008 2,500 25002008 309 44 3092000 7,000 70002006 37,000 37000

2002 225 225

planned 600 600

2009 750 12.5 20 7502006 42,900 35.75 1200 429002007 32,555 32555

2009 49,500 49500

X2000 1,235 5 247 12351996

2006 40,000 80000??

2003 400 X 45 400

2002 2,000

1997

2005 650 650 2,500 5 500 2500

1999 750 5 150 750

2008

100 1002002 700 5 140 700

2007 1,000

2004 2,175 21752006 270 3 90 2702005 270

planned

2008 1

2003 2,000 >300 20002007 675 675

20042003 108,000 4 27,000 108000

2002 X2008 planned planned

2009 9002009 270 6 45 2702003 500 500

2004 X

2006 2,000 2000

19972006 23,000

1998

2010 planned 60 users

2005

* Nos. given in bold are assumptions of people per household from the country list Technologies used

Comments UDDTs Biogas

hh size assumption from country list


Planned beneficiaries: 12,000

assumptions made, see entry

but also includes flush toilets in school

more toilets are planned

30 household systems

user per day




Pupils in school estimated - still to checkhh size assumption from country list


Pupils in school estimated - still to check

Constructed wetlands


Total number of people served given in report as 600 direct beneficiaries (this means 30 people per household!?)

hh size chosen to match the statement: 25 UDDTs and 177 beneficiaries!

hh size chosen to match the stated figures on number of UDDTs and number hh size chosen to match the stated figures on number of UDDTs and number hh size chosen to match the stated figures on number of UDDTs and number hh size chosen to match the stated figures on number of UDDTs and number hh size chosen to match the stated figures on number of UDDTs and number hh size chosen to match the stated figures on number of UDDTs and number hh size chosen to match the stated figures on number of UDDTs and number

hh size assumption from country list (+350 students)18 households and 1 school (hh assumed from country list; school size assumed to be 350 like in the other Bhutan project)

Assumption: 5000 people per municipality.


Average hh size from country list

No. Of users per dayAssume hh size from country list

Average hh size from country listAverage hh size from country list



The 6000 users are only for the hh UDDTs. Users unknown for the public Have converted number of users to a daily average based on first event

I would like to know how many toilets were constructed. Large project!? Is it counting indirect beneficiaries, too?Assumption for number of users per UDDT; sent e-mail to get actual numberAssuming an average of 5 people per household, 1:5(facility to persons) total no. of users will be 440. Given 88 facilities,

Assuming an average of 6 people per household, 1:6 (facility to persons) total no. of users will be 42. Given 7 facilities,

Assuming an average of 150 litres per day/person for Egypt, 60m3/day (60,000 litres) of wastewater means 1200 people are served.

Recent info from CRS Ethiopia. Average hh size from country list.

Family houses


Assume 2 people per holiday home

10 users assumed for office

average hh size from country list

WW treatment for p.e.

rough guess - it is a building for seminars and workshops

x

x

urinals

urinals

no longer in use

Future expansion to 9,000 trains

Project not constructed yet.

hh size assumption from country listhh size assumption from country list

5000 based on the number of pupils.that have access to the facility from 2 schools. Needs checking! 156 pupils per toilet??

x

2000 is based on the average number of pupils in each school.Needs checking!!!

11 facilities built in two schools and a community.Total no.of people served is based on the average no. Of school pupils and a community average of (250)

x

Total number of people served is based on the average number of people per community according to UNICEF standards(250).(yet to clarify from contact Total no. Of people served is based on average number of people per community Needs checking!!total number of people served is given in report as 150 direct beneficiaries (this means 30 people per household(5)).

90,000 families? How many actual no. Of users? Users of UDDTs?





assumptions made,see entry.

Guess: 150 UDDTs built

household size assumed from country list

Estimated no of users entered. Change after info from P. Thakur

hh size chosen to match the stated figures on number of UDDTs and number

550 residences with estimated 2,200 inhabitants (assuming 4 people/household from country list)Reuse from 100 m³ wastewater/day

4000 farms use the wastewater (these are counted as beneficiaries, not the people who produce the sewage!)Assumed currently from country list. Change no. of people per hh after

1000 household UDDTs and 18 UDDTs at institutions. Assume 20 users per household UDDT. (I subtracted the amounts for the two sub-projects)Assumption: each day of a week we have 250 new users (travellers etc.) and 50 permanent users. We then calculated per week: 250*7 + 50 (difficult to decide how users of public toilets should be counted here!)estimated to have started in 2010. Yet to clarify by sending mail.





abandoned






Number of pupils per school assumed to be 1000

5 UDDTs. Assuming 1 UDDT is to 15 persons ,the estimated number of people 2 UDDTs. Assuming the average person/ UDDT is 15 persons ,the estimated number of people will be 30.Assuming an average of 1:15 (1 UDDT to 15 users) 4 squatting pans (UDDTs) will mean 60 users. 2 waterless urinals for boys based on UNESCO Kenya standards will be 1:60 for boys=120.Hence total number of users will be 180.

No.of users is assaumed to be 250.based on information given on the project range 50 - 250 people for an informal settlement.needs checking! 35,000ltrs p.a divided meaning 9.589 litres/day equivalent to 6.3person/day since average litres per person/day is 1.5 litres.so given 100 UDDTs it will make Average household size for rural areas in Nepal is 6 persons(Central Bureau of Statistics,Nepal.),totalling 4302 users Project estimated to have started in 2008.yet to clarify by sending out e - mails.

70% of 980000 beneficiaries are connected to toilets



HH size calculated















based on assumptions, see entry

based on assumptions, see entrybased on assumptions, see entry

hh size assumption from country list; Sulabh toilets are NOT included in this

Assuming an average household size of 4 for Netherland,110 dwellings will mean

with an average of 6 people per household total no. of users is estimated to be approx. 1200. yet to confirm year of project

Six communities approximately ### number of persons - assumed 100 people per community

hh size assumption from country list; not counting the 3 schools UDDTs as school size is not known.


based on assumptions, see entrybased on assumptions, see entry

450 users750 users



in one village??- check how many actual

???? Needs checking as it is a large program!

By end of 2010: will be total 136 toilet units in all 19 villages, for 10,000 people.

HH size calculated - seems very high!

check technology used and no. Of users?

??? From where is this number?

based on assumptions, see entryhh size assumption from country list


number of users not known


HH size calculated plus 500 pupils

60 school facilities and 364 household facilities: assume hh size based on country list and school size of 500 pupilsCatchment area: 50,000 people; 14 school blocks in Lome area, 8 blocks in Kara and 44 blocks in Dapaong area ( to date) - assume 750 pupils per school to match the total given

Assumes inhabitants, not actual no. of users. No info on no. of toilets

office building, number of users not known (is it built yet?)

Planned are 150,000 units serving 800,000 people by 2011

up to 60 people per module

Last updated: 24 Sept. 2010 of 595

Worldwide list of documented ecosan projects by various organisations

Notes: - A more detailed list (with type of technology, reuse system, experiences etc.) is available on request (e-mail: [email protected]). - The list includes: sustainable sanitation / ecosan projects with reuse of some or all treated waste streams in principle being aimed for (even if reuse is not fully achieved, e.g. UDDTs where urine is infiltrated are included in the list); only domestic sanitation projects. - Projects not included in the list: small research projects; industrial wastewater reuse; non-reuse projects - Number of users is only a rough estimate and may include one-time users (mobile urinals) or school pupils etc.

- Several smaller projects are often grouped together (thus the total project number is larger than the count of 307 in this table) - If you spot any errors or omissions, please contact us ([email protected]). - This list was compiled by GTZ team "sustainable sanitation - ecosan" with input from many people.

# Country Project name

1 Afghanistan 2009 2,000

2 Afghanistan Urine diversion dehydration toilets for a school in Kunduz Province 2003 3,600 3 Afghanistan 2007 150 4 Afghanistan 2000 102 5 Afghanistan 2008 12,500

6 Afghanistan 2009 810

7 Afghanistan 2005 5,000 8 Algeria planned - 9 Armenia Urine diversion dehydration toilets in a rural school, Hayanist 2006 376 10 Armenia 2006 1,140

11 Australia 2007 1,500

12 Australia Currumbin Eco-village with urine diversion flush toilets, Queensland 2008 16 13 Australia 2000 20,000

14 Australia 2010 40

15 Austria Urban urine diversion and greywater treatment system, Linz (solarcity) 2004 460 16 Austria Urine diversion dehydration toilets at a mountain inn, Pretulgraben 200217 Austria 2002 150

18 Austria On-site treatment of blackwater with reuse for five mountain huts 1993 690 19 Azerbaijan Urine diversion dehydration toilets tested with rural households 2008 10 20 Bangladesh Urine diversion dehydration toilets for households in rural areas, Comilla 2004 1,350 21 Bangladesh 2007 1,000

22 Bangladesh 2008 500

23 Bangladesh 2009


25 Bangladesh 2009 5,000 26 Bangladesh 2009 500


28 Bangladesh 2009 1,000

29 Bangladesh 2008 -

30 Bangladesh 2009 3,675 31 Bangladesh 2009 75


33 Bangladesh planned -




37 Bangladesh Double vault composting and urine diversion in urban community of Rangamati 2008 42

- Over 30 projects also have SuSanA case studies (see: http://www.susana.org/lang-en/case-studies)

Start of use of installation

Estimatednumber of

usersBathroom construction with urine diversion dehydration toilets for households in Katachel and Nasseri Villages, Kunduz Province

Urine diversion dehydration toilets for women at the Pedagogical Academy, Urine diversion dehydration toilets tested with households in rural areas of Public urine diversion dehydration toilets in villages in Dehrawud District, Uruzgan ProvinceUrine diversion dehydration toilets in two villages as a part of the Clean Village Project, in Injeel District, Herat Province and Chaghcaharan City, Ghor ProvincePublic toilet and bath complexes with biogas digesters in five localities of Kabul Integrated water and sewage management with effluent reuse in the Béni

Urine diversion dehydration toilets in households and five schools in rural areas of Hayanist, Fantan, Khachpar, Dzorghbyyur, Urud, Sverdlov, SaghmosavanYervan in the Lore region.Urine separating sanitation facilities at Maryborough Educational Centre (high school), Victoria

The reuse oriented Water Reclamation and Management Scheme at Sydney Olympic Park, SydneyUrine diverting flush toilets and grey water recycling system with rural communities at Kinglake, Victoria


Urine diversion dehydration toilets at Shabuzpur Tea Estate for the households of the estate workers, Mowlobibazar DistrictUrine diversion dehydration toilets tested as sustainable emergency sanitation in cyclone affected areasAction research and construction of urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) in seven hilly districts of Rangpur, Moulovibazar, Narsigdi, Sunamgonj, Bandarban, Cngonj, Gaibandh (overarching project)

not applicable (overarching

project) Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) construction in 60 rural households in Wrisipara, Gazipur MunicipalityUrine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) in five schools in Gazipur Action research on ecological alternatives and construction of 100 UDDTs in difficult areas of Gaibandha, Rangpur, Cngonj, Narsindhi, Moulovibazar, Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) with 19 households in Pazulia and Fawcal villages, Gazipur district under Gazipur MunicipalitySanitation block with biogas plant at G.K. Model High School in Dhirassharm under Gazipur MunicipalityConstruction and promotion of concrete urine diversion pans through piloting community-based urine diversion toilet (UDT) in Wrishipara Polli of Gazipur Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) constructed in eight schools in Pilot demonstration of 10 urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) for rural households at Sitakunda Upazila in Chittagong and Noakhali districtsConstruction of 200 urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) in rural communities of Gazipur, Tangail, Mymensingh MunicipalitiesConstruction of urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) for the poor and excluded of indigenous community in Durgapur, Netrokona Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) to improve sanitation at Bashaivog and Bejgoan villages, Munshigonj in Bangladesh through information dissemination and awareness raisingDouble vault composting and urine diversion toilets in rural households in 16 villages in Naogoan, Jessore, Satkhira, Gazipur districtsDouble vault composting toilets and urine diversion toilets in 4 rural villages in Manikgonj and Gazipur Districts


# Country Project name Start of use of installation

Estimatednumber of

users38 Bangladesh 2008 57





43 Belarus Urine diversion dehydration toilets at dachas in Smilovichy Village 2008 33 44 Bhutan 2009 440

45 Bhutan 2009 440

46 Bolivia 2005 2,000

47 Bolivia 140 48 Bolivia 1,845

49 Bolivia 750 50 Bolivia 120

51 Bolivia 1997 9,000

52 Bolivia 2006 41,510

53 Bolivia 2007 5,000

54 Bolivia 2010 200,000

55 Botswana 2002 252 56 Bulgaria 2005 866

57 Burkina Faso Urban urine diversion dehydration toilets and reuse, Ouagadougou 2007 6,000 58 Burkina Faso 2007 2,000

59 Burkina Faso 2009 8,400

60 Burkina Faso 2008 83,242

61 Cambodia 2006 8,000 62 Chad 2009 440 63 China Urine-diverting vacuum sanitation system at Tsinghua University, Beijing 2004 175 64 China Community-led water and ecosan programme, Shaanxi Province 2005 196,000 65 China Urine diversion sanitation in Olympic Forest Park, Beijing 2007 18,800 66 China 2003 426

67 China 1,100

68 China 2005 910

69 China 2003 2,900 70 China Rural sanitation with urine diversion deydration toilets in Guanxi Province 1998 2,055,000 71 China 2006 370

72 Congo Brazzaville Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) in Ganga Edouard Primary School 2007 832 73 Cote d'Ivoire 2007 30,000

74 Denmark Composting toilets in the House Ramshusene, Bornholm 16 75 Denmark Urine separation toilets at Munkesogaard Ecovillage, Roskilde 1995 40 76 Ecuador Urine diversion dehydration toilets at households in Chordeleg, Azuay Province 2000 46 77 Ecuador Composting toilets at the Ecological Hotel Alándaluz, Manabí Province 1996 42 78 Ecuador 2001 850

79 Ecuador 1998 40

80 Ecuador 2003 70

81 Egypt 2007 2,750 82 Egypt 500

83 Egypt 2004 400

Double vault composting and urine diversion toilets in rural households in Bogra, Gaibandha, Joypurhat, linked to micro-financingDouble vault composting and urine diversion toilets in rural communities in Bandarban, and Cox’s Bazar Double vault composting and urine diversion toilets and action research in difficult rural areas in Bandarban, Gaibandha, Chapainawabgonj DistrictsDouble vault composting and urine diversion toilets in rural communities of Meherpur, and Naogoan DistrictsUrine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDT) in 20 flood prone villages in three districts of Sirajgonj, Gaibandha and Kurigram (large scale project)

Urine diversion dehydration toilet project at Goenpasingma Lower Secondary School and village, Zobel Geog PemagatshelUrine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) in 18 households and one school in Euyamo Village, Teop Geog PunakhaUrine diversion dehydration toilets for households in San Pedro town, Department (State) Santa CruzUrine diversion dehydration toilets for households in Departments (States) Urine diversion dehydration toilets for households in the peri-urban areas of El Alto, Desaguadero, Puerto Acosta and Warisata cities in Department (State) La Paz and private sector development for the collection, treatment and reuse of excreta in El Alto CityUrine diversion dehydration toilets for a school in Department (State) Urine diversion dehydration toilets for households, with private sector development for the collection, treatment and reuse of excreta, in a peri-urban area in Department (State) Cochabamba Urine diversion dehydration toilets for households in rural areas of Saavedra, Oquinawa and Mineros, Department (State) Santa CruzRural household and school urine diversion dehydration toilets in the sub-regional Andean programme for basic services against poverty (PROANDES) in the Departments (States) of Potosí, Cochabamba, Chuquisaca and OruroUrine diversion dehydration toilets as emergency sanitation, Trinidad City, Department (State) BeniUrine diversion dehydration toilets in the departments of Cochabamba, Chuquisaca, Pando, Beni and PotosiRural urine diversion dehydration toilets (after 6 years), Hanahai and Paje Household, school and public urine diversion dehydration toilets and greywater treatment systems in villages of Stara Zagora, Pleven and Sofia Provinces

Launch of ecosan during Film Festival with mobile urine diversion toilets and waterless urinals and use of the mobile units in subsequent events, Urine diversion dehydration toilets and urinals to obtain fertiliser for conservation agriculture.OuagadougouUrine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) in the rural communities and schools of Nasséré, Rollo, Rouko and Zimtenga in the Province of BamCommunity-led Total Sanitation with urine diversion dehydration toilets in Urine diversion dehydration toilets in refugee camps of Farchana, Kounoungo

Urine diversion dehydration toilets for households in Zhonghe Village, Kunming, Yunnan Province Ecosan pilot projects with reuse of wastewater and compost in the ecocity programmes in Yangzhou and Changzhou, Jiangsu Province Ecosan project in Xianrendong Village with urine diversion dehydration toilets and biogas units for households and schools, Yunnan ProvinceErdos Ecotown Project, Dongsheng District, Inner Mongolia Autonomous


Urine diversion dehydration toilets for the workers' villages of SAPH agro industries in the rubber tree industry

Constructed wetlands with reuse for a new urban settlement in Sabiango Town, Loja Province Urine diversion dehydration toilets in the building complex of Pestalozzi Foundation, Pichincha ProvinceUrine diversion dehydration toilets for the Achuar-Indios in the Province of Pastaza (pilot project AMAZONICA) Decentralised wastewater management in Kafr El Sheikh Governorate (with Improvement of the effluent quality of aerated lagoons (ponds) by membrane filtration and reuse of treated wastewater in a village near CairoSubterra constructed wetlands for treatment of wastewater from cruise liners on the Nile with reuse in agriculture, Luxor



Estimatednumber of

users84 El Salvador 2000 624 85 Ethiopia Urine diversion dehydration toilets on the campus of Adama University, Adama 2010 400 86 Ethiopia 2006 78,000

87 Ethiopia Urine diversion dehydration toilets for households, Addis Ababa 1996 500 88 Ethiopia 2004 269,200 89 Ethiopia Biogas sanitation plants in seven schools in Addis Ababa, Jimma and Bahir Dar 2000 5,500 90 Fiji 1999

91 Finland 1997 36

92 Georgia 2006 560

93 Germany 2007 200

94 Germany 14

95 Germany 2002 200

96 Germany 2003 35

97 Germany Restaurant and farm with biogas plant, Waldmichelbacher Hof, Bessenbach 1994 274 98 Germany 1994 400

99 Germany 2000 8

100 Germany 2000 15,800

101 Germany 2005 400

102 Germany 2000 50

103 Germany 2002 350

104 Germany Ecological settlement in Allermöhe, Hamburg 1985 140 105 Germany 80

106 Germany 1995 800

107 Germany 2006 40

108 Germany 2003 40

109 Germany 1990 90

110 Germany 2004 200

111 Germany 2007 120

112 Germany 1999 380

113 Germany 1996

114 Germany Greywater recycling in Hotel Arabella Sheraton Am Büsing Palais, Offenbach 1995 380 115 Germany 2004

116 Germany 500

117 Germany planned -

118 Ghana Ecological development of Valley View University, Accra 2003 2,500 119 Ghana 2002 -

120 Guinea (Conakry) Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) in rural school in Ansoumaniya 2010 5,000 121 Guinea (Conakry) 2008 2,000

122 Guinea (Conakry) 2008 2,250

123 Guinea (Conakry) 2008 250 124 Guinea (Conakry) Public urinals in 'Place de l’indépendance Palais de Justice', Kindia 2006 250 125 Guinea (Conakry) Household urinals in the community of Molota Préfecture, Kindia 2006 150

Urine diversion dehydration toilets and solar toilets tested with households in

Resource-Oriented Sanitation concepts for peri-urban areas in Africa (ROSA) using multiple technologies, Arba Minch

Large-scale rural sanitation with arborloos and fossa alterna toilets for

Composting toilets and greywater reuse in a wastewater garden at a tropical resort, Beqa Island Ecological sanitation with different types of toilets at Kangasalan Yhteiskylä communal village, Kangasala townUrine diversion dehydration toilets and constructed wetland for two schools, households and a training centre in Mtskheta, Zugdidi, Khashuri, Dusheti and Development and combination of innovative system components from process engineering, information technology and ceramics to create a sustainable technology for water and nutrient cycles, Kaiserslautern.Sustainable water management and wastewater purification in tourism facilities project (SWAMP) using urine separation toilets at Stranddorf AugustenhofSource separation, treatment and reuse sanitation system at the Huber SE office building, Berching.Source separation, treatment and reuse sanitation system in buildings of the Berliner Wasserbetriebe in the Sanitation Concept for Separate Treatment

Composting toilets and constructed wetlands for multi-story buildings at the ecological settlement of Bielefeld Waldquelle, BielefeldSource separation, treatment and reuse sanitation system at Lambertsmuehle museum, BurscheidDecentralised wastewater treatment and reuse systems within the project 'Alternatives for urban water supply and wastewater infrastructure systems' (AKWA 2100), Northrhine-WestfaliaUrine and brownwater separation (and partial treatment) at the GTZ main office building, EschbornVacuum toilets with on-site wastewater treatment and reuse system for a residential and office building at Vauban, Freiburg Vacuum sewerage and greywater recycling at the Ostarkade office building of the KfW Bankengruppe, Frankfurt

Composting toilets and constructed wetland for a residential area at Braamwisch, HamburgMultiple sanitation technologies for decentralised treatment and reuse at Oeko-Technik Park, HannoverThe Emscher River Head Centre - decentralised wastewater treatment with separation of brown, grey and yellowwaterSustainable water management and wastewater purification in tourism facilities project (SWAMP) using reedbed treatment at the Elbterassen Wussegel Composting toilets and constructed wetland with reuse for a residential area at Hassee, KielDecentralised water and wastewater treatment and reuse for a housing development area through the Decentralised Urban Infrastructure Systems Sustainable water management and wastewater purification in tourism facilities project (SWAMP) using vacuum toilets and waterless urinals at the Burg Lenzen tourism facility, LenzenEcological housing estate at Flintenbreite (vacuum toilets and constructed wetlands), LübeckRural farm and ecological conference centre with biogas plant and constructed wetland at Wacholderhof, Murrhardt

Vacuum toilets with on-site wastewater treatment and reuse system for the visitor centre of the national park Jasmund, RügenSustainable water management and wastewater purification in tourism facilities project (SWAMP) using urine diversion toilets at the Park Moräna See tourism Vacuum toilets and biogas plant as a part of the Hamburg Water Cycle concept implementation in a new residential area in Jenfeld, Hamburg



Urine diversion dehydration toilets in schools of Salloube, and Tialére and the community of DalabaUrine diversion dehydration toilets in the Community of Damakhanyah in Kindia,



Estimatednumber of

users126 Haiti Dry composting toilet at a public market place, Cap Haitien 2007 300 127 Haiti Treatment of waste from public latrines in a biogas plant, Cap Haitien planned128 India 2005 660 129 India 2000 -

130 India 2006 3,450

131 India 2006 90,000

132 India 2010

133 India 2005 800 134 India 2006 750

135 India 2007 4,707

136 India 2005 690

137 India 2006 2,600 138 India 2007 100

139 India 2008 520

140 India Urban decentralised wastewater management, Badlapur, Maharashtra 2010 2,000 141 India 2005 100 142 India 2008 45

143 India Urine diversion dehydration toilets for households, Ranchi, Jharkhand 2008 175 144 India Urine diversion dehydration toilets for the rural poor, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 2008 250 145 India 2008 500

146 India 2008 500

147 India 2008 100

148 India Urine diversion dehydration toilets at households in Kolkata, West Bengal 2008 60 149 India Urine diversion dehydration toilets at households in a village near New Delhi 2008 175 150 India Urine diversion dehydration toilets in Thergaon Village, Maharashtra 2007 40 151 India 2009 800 152 India 2009 25

153 India 2009 1,276

154 India 0 15

155 India 2003 200

156 India 2008 865

157 Indonesia

158 Indonesia 15

159 Israel not yet started 2,200

160 Japan Automated composting toilet system at Asahiyama Zoo, Asahikawa City 1997 4,000 161 Jordan Use of treated wastewater in agriculture, Jordan Valley 2003 4,000 162 Jordan Demonstration of decentralised wastewater treatment and reuse for households 2002 225 163 Kazakhstan 2008 400

164 Kenya 2006 230

165 Kenya 2005 22

166 Kenya Urine diversion dehydration toilets at a clinic in Shela, Lamu Island 2010167 Kenya Urine diversion dehydration toilets at Khaimba Primary School, Butere 2006 1,000 168 Kenya 2008 45,200

169 Kenya 2008 1,800

170 Kenya 2010 40

171 Kenya 2008 3,000

172 Kosovo Urine diversion dehydration toilets in a rural school, Blace Village 2000 500

Urine diversion dehydration toilet centres at Navsarjan Boarding Schools, Demonstration of an eco-friendly, reuse-oriented public toilet centre in Rajendra Nagar Slum, Bangalore, Karnataka (no longer in use) Household urine diversion dehydration toilets (locally known as compost toilets) in four villages (including tsunami hit villages) of Trichy and Nagai Districts, Total Sanitation Campaign Project using urine diversion dehydration toilets (locally known as composting toilet), Mysore, Karnataka Sustainable sanitation infrastructure project at the pilgrimage town of Pandharpur, MaharashtraPour-flush toilets with biogas plant at DSK (Dalit Shakti Kendra) Training Community-based, public toilet centre with a decentralised wastewater treatment and reuse system (pilot project) at Ullalu Upanagara, Bangalore Urine diversion dehydration toilets (locally known as composting toilets) for ten schools in rural areas (including tsunami hit villages), Tamil NaduThree public urine diversion dehydration toilet complexes (locally known as Ecosan Community Compost Toilets) in Musiri Town linked to agricultural research trials at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Tamil NaduDecentralised wastewater management at Adarsh College, Badlapur, Zero-discharge, recycling toilet being tested for Indian trains and communal toilet blocks, Kanpur, Uttar PradeshDecentralised wastewater treatment in Shree Baleshwar Anudanit Primary and Secondary Ashram School, Sarole Pathar, Maharashtra

Improved traditional composting toilets with urine diversion, Leh, Jammu and Demonstration of household urine diversion dehydration toilets in Nagasandra Village, Karnataka

Urine diversion dehydration toilets for households at a coastal area in Bhuvneshwar, OrissaUrine diversion dehydration toilets at households in the drought-prone, water-scarce area of Dindigul District, Tamil NaduUrine diversion dehydration toilets at rural households as a demonstration of an effective sanitation option for the state of Nagaland

Decentralised wastewater treatment and reuse system at Oasis Resort, Pune Decentralised wastewater treatment and reuse system at Kamilini Kuteer Resort, Khariv, PuneDecentralised wastewater treatment and reuse system at residential complexes at Khidkali and Desai, Thane, MumbaiHousehold urine diversion dehydration toilets at Poonjeri Habitation, Mahabalipurum Town, Tamil NaduUrine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) for rural farming households in hilly village of Talavadi village, Tamil NaduPromotion of urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) in rural households in Dindigul District, Tamil NaduDecentralised wastewater treatment systems with reuse for urban low-income settlements, Tangerand and SurabayaPilot testing of ecological sanitation technologies at the Center for Urban Community Empowerment (Pusdakota), Kali Rungkut, SurabayaLandscape-integrated constructed wetland system for the treatment and reuse of greywater of a residential block at Ganei Tikva (not authorised for operation

Urine diversion dehydration toilets in and around Aksu-Jabagly and Naurzum Game ReservesResource-Oriented Sanitation concepts for peri-urban areas in Africa (ROSA), using urine diversion dehydration toilets and a wetland, NakuruDeveloping service providers of compost and biogas plants for small scale farmers in western Nyanza rift valley, central and eastern provinces of Kenya

Implementation of recycling-oriented sanitation services: urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs), wastewater treatment systems (biogas) and constructed wetlands (overarching project with many sub-projects)Public toilet with biogas plant and water kiosk at a bus park in Naivasha, Kenya, Rift Valley Province (one sub-project of larger ecosan project)Urine diversion dehydration toilets at St. Francis Nyangajo Girls Boarding High School in Kendu Bay Implementation of urine diversion dehydration toilets by Community Based Organisations, Ugunja District, Western Kenya (one sub-project of larger



Estimatednumber of

users173 Kosovo 2000 35

174 Kyrgyzstan Piloting of urine diversion toilets with households 2007 60 175 Kyrgyzstan Urine diversion dehydration toilets with urban and rural households 2006 1,500 176 Kyrgyzstan 2008 2,000 177 Lebanon Greywater treatment and reuse for households in Tanoura Village, Rasha Caza 2006 120 178 Lesotho 2007 184

179 Lesotho 2007 285

180 Lesotho 2007 250

181 Malawi 2005 2,500

182 Malawi 2002 63,555

183 Malawi Double vault composting toilets in schools in Chinteche 2002 11,000 184 Mali Peri-urban urine diversion dehydration toilets (abandoned), Koulikoro 2000 - 185 Mali 2005 350

186 Mexico Urban ecosan pilot program with multiple technologies at Tepoztlán 2003 35,000 187 Mexico 2006 150

188 Moldova 2008 310

189 Mongolia Urine diversion dehydration toilets in an urban area, Ulaanbaatar 2007 75 190 Mongolia Urine diversion dehydration toilets at tourist camp Khovsgol Inn, Khatgal 2007 30 191 Morocco Urine diversion dehydration toilets in Souss Massa Park 2006 180 192 Mozambique Fossa alterna latrines in peri-urban areas of Lichinga City, Niassa Province 2000 304 193 Mozambique 2001 120 194 Mozambique Urine diversion dehydration toilets in a rural resettlement area, Sofala Province 2001 5,200 195 Namibia 1,030 196 Namibia Urine diversion dehydration toilets with rural households, Gibeon Village 2004 60 197 Namibia planned -

198 Nepal 2010 600

199 Nepal 2008 4,302

200 Nepal Urine diversion toilets for a school in Darechowk Village, Chitwan District 2007 500 201 Nepal Household urine diversion toilets in peri-urban areas in Kathmandu Valley 2003 1,200 202 Nepal Biogas digesters for household sanitation in the Nepal Biogas Support Program 1992 686,000 203 Nepal Ecofarming using products from urine diversion toilets in nine villages 2003 6,810 204 Nepal 2006 210

205 Netherlands Ecological housing estate, Culemborg 1999206 Netherlands 1995 440 207 Netherlands 1989 20

208 Niger 2009 1,200

209 Niger 2007 1,260

210 Nigeria 2006 600

211 2009 10,000

212 Palestine 2000 196

213 Peru 2008 300

214 Peru 2005 3,060

215 Peru 2004 600 216 Peru 2007 1,205

217 Peru 2001 700

218 Peru Blackwater and greywater reuse system, Chorrillos, Lima 2007 53 219 Peru 1999 300

220 Peru 2007 460

221 Peru 2002 200


Urine diversion dehydration toilets for six schools and one madrasah in rural

Decentralised wastewater treatment systems and reuse for the domestic wastewater of single households in Maseru and MapotengDecentralised wastewater treatment systems and reuse for the domestic wastewater of three institutions in Maseru, Thaba Bosiu and RotheDecentralised wastewater treatment systems and reuse for the wastewater of three tourism facilities in Butha Buthe and Thaba BosiuUrine diversion dehydration toilets for poor households in the cities of Lilongwe, Blantyre and Mzuzu Low cost sanitation with arboloo, fossa alterna and skyloo latrines in rural areas of Embangweni, Thylo and Phalombe


Urine diversion dehydration toilets and greywater treatment contributing to the protection of El Tule LagoonUrine diversion dehydration toilets for a kindergarten, a school and households in Criscauti, Bolduresti and Bacseni Villages, Drochia and Causeni Towns

Fossa alterna and arborloo latrines in rural and peri-urban areas, Niassa

Urine diversion dehydration toilets with peri-urban households in Mariental

Sanitation centres with vacuum toilets and biogas plants for an informal urban settlement in northern NamibiaUrine bank in Siddhipur



Greywater treatment of a residential area using a constructed wetland, Greywater treatment and reuse as a part of the Green Roof Project for ecological housing, UtrechtUrine diversion dehydration toilets and urinals. For villages of Dan Bidé, Maifarou,Milli, Saja Manja, Dogoraoua,Tsamiya Bakoye ,Zabon Mousso, and Urine diversion dehydration toilets and fossa alterna latrines linked with Farmer Field Schools in rural areas, AguieUrine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) in six riverine communities in Cross River State

North Korea (People’s Democratic

Republic of Korea)


Urine diversion dehydration toilets with households in rural and peri-urban areas of Hebron DistrictUrine diversion dehydration toilets as a part of a private public partnership project in the Regions of Lima, Cusco and San MartinHousehold urine diversion dehydration toilets in rural villages in the rainforest of three districts, Region LoretoHousehold urine diversion dehydration toilets in the squatter settlement Household urine diversion dehydration toilets as emergency sanitation in rural areas of three districts in Cañete Province, Region Lima Household urine diversion dehydration toilets in the squatter settlement Nuevo Pachacutec, Lima

Household urine diversion dehydration toilets for the squatter settlement Huascar in San Juan de Lurigancho District, Province LimaHousehold urine diversion dehydration toilets in the peri-urban zones of Ica City, Region IcaHousehold urine diversion dehydration toilets in rural villages in the rainforests near Pucallpa Town, Region Ucayali



Estimatednumber of

users222 Peru 2004 75

223 Peru 2008 120 224 Peru 2005 410

225 Peru 2007 350

226 Peru 2008 1,200

227 Peru 2008 1,005

228 Peru 2009 205

229 Philippines Constructed wetland for a peri-urban housing area, Bayawan City 2005 3,380 230 Philippines Urine diversion dehydration toilets in rural areas, Bayawan City 2005 510 231 Philippines 2005 400 232 Philippines 2007 1,000

233 Philippines Urine diversion dehydration toilets in rural areas, San Fernando City 2004 1,550 234 Philippines 2003 100

235 Romania 2002 200

236 Romania 2006 510

237 Russia 2008 - 238 Rwanda 2007 2,800 239 Rwanda Urine diversion dehydration toilets in a rural primary school, Huye District 2006 350 240 Rwanda Biogas sanitation plants in prisons, Cyangugu City 2001 30,000 241 Rwanda 2006 100 242 Rwanda Urine diversion dehydration toilets at Kigeme Hospital 2006 100 243 Rwanda Urine diversion dehydration toilet for rural households in Bulera District244 Rwanda Public urine diversion dehydration toilets in a business centre, Bulera District245 Rwanda 2000

246 Senegal Urine diversion dehydration toilets in villages of Dakar and Thiès Regions 2002 15,227 247 Sierra Leone 2006 1,875

248 Sierra Leone Ecosan toilets at the Holy Rosary Secondary School for girls, Pujehan City 2010249 Sierra Leone Ecosan public toilets for a market site at Waterloo 2010250 South Africa 2005 200,000

251 South Africa Urine diversion dehydration toilets in Genadendal in the Western Cape 2003252 South Africa Urine diversion dehydration toilets in Kaheylitsha in the Western Cape 2003253 South Africa

254 South Africa Urine diversion dehydration toilets in rural villages in Eastern Cape Province 1997 120 255 Sri Lanka 2005256 Swaziland 2007

257 Sweden Ecological Village Björnsbyn 1994258 Sweden Urine diversion dry toilets in the Gebers collective housing project, Stockholm 1998 80 259 Sweden Urine diversion toilets in the Palsternackan housing project, Enskede 1996 160 260 Sweden 1995 160

261 Sweden Urine diversion flush toilets at the neighbourhood of Skogaberg, Gothenburg 2005 254 262 Sweden Water management in Universeum, Gothenburg263 Sweden Eco-house, Noorköping 50 264 Sweden 1999 600

265 Switzerland 2004 400

266 Switzerland 2003267 Switzerland 2004 4

268 Syria Effluent reuse from constructed wetland system, Haran Al-Awamied 2000 14,000 269 Tajikistan Urine diversion dehydration toilets at six schools in Sogd Province 2008 2,500 270 Tajikistan #REF! 2008 309 271 Tanzania 2000 7,000 272 Tanzania 2006 37,000

273 Tanzania 2002 225

274 Tanzania Testing acceptability of dry toilets in a nomadic community in Malinyi275 Togo planned 600

Household urine diversion dehydration toilets in rural mountain villages of Huallanca District, Region AncashHousehold urine diversion dehydration toilets in Huanta District, Region Household urine diversion dehydration toilets for peri-urban households in Sechura City, Region PiuraHousehold urine diversion dehydration toilets for rural areas around Pisco Town, Region IcaHousehold urine diversion dehydration toilets for rural areas in Lalaquiz District, Region PiuraHousehold urine diversion dehydration toilets for rural areas in Zurite District, Region CuscoUrine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) for poor native families in the rainforest near Satipo in the department of Junín

Urine diversion dehydration toilets with reuse in allotment gardens, Cagayan de Rural community and school urine diversion dehydration toilets in Misamis Oriental, Libertad, Initao and Manticao (province of Misamis Oriental)

Urine diversion dehydration toilets and constructed wetland at the Lumad Infirmary Hospital, Balit, Agusan Del Sur ProvinceUrine diversion dehydration toilets and constructed wetland at a rural school, Garla Mare, Mehedinti DistrictUrine diversion dehydration toilets for institutions and households in Garla Mare and Vrata, Mehedinty, Beiu-teleorman, Pietrele-Giurgiu CountyBiotoilet installations at the Kizhi Reserve Museum, Kizhi Island, Republic of Urine diversion dehydration toilets in two rural schools, Huye and Ngororero

Urine diversion dehydration toilets in a rural secondary school, Nyamagabe

Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) in rural communities and schools of Burera, Musanze, Nyabihu, Rubavu and Rusizi Districts


Provision of sustainable sanitation services with urine diversion dehydration toilets to peri-urban and rural communities in the eThekwini (Durban)

Urine diversion dehydration toilets at Emzamweni High School, Msunduzi in KwaZulu-Natal Province

Toilet Rehabilitation Project for disaster areas using urine diversion dehydration Urine diversion composting toilets and enviroloos as a part of the Dry Sanitation project, Msunduza Township

Urine diversion flush toilets at Understenshöjden ecovillage in the suburb of Björkhagen, Stockholm

Integrated Water Management with urine diversion flush toilets at Elkanlandstad School, Mölndals Testing of NoMix toilets and waterless urinals in Eawag's (Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology) new main building 'the Forum "UrinPur" pilot project with NoMix toilets, Liestal (these toilets were removed in Urine diversion toilets and decentralised domestic wastewater treatment with a membrane bioreactor

Constructed wetland and effluent reuse in a pilot area Majumbasita, Dar Es Resource-Oriented Sanitation concepts for peri-urban areas in Africa (ROSA), using urine diversion dehydration toilets, ArushaUrine diversion dehydration toilets for households and a school in Hai District, Kilimanjaro region

Urine diversion dehydration toilets for Datcha and surrounding villages (in



Estimatednumber of

users276 Togo #REF! 2009 750 277 Togo #REF! 2006 42,900 278 Togo 2007 32,555

279 Togo #REF! 2009 49,500 280 Turkey #REF!281 Uganda #REF! 2000 1,235 282 Uganda South Western Towns Water and Sanitation Project (SWTWS) 1996283 Uganda Kitgum Town Water Supply Expansion and Basic Sanitation Programme284 Uganda 2006 40,000

285 Uganda 2003 400

286 Uganda 2002 2,000

287 Uganda 1997

288 Uganda Multi-story urine diversion dehydration toilets in Rubaga Girls Secondary School 2005 650 289 Uganda Rural sanitation programme with urine diversion dehydration toilets 2,500 290 Uganda 1999 750

291 Uganda 2008

292 Uganda Urine diversion dehydration toilets at Biina primary school in Luzira, Kampala 100 293 Uganda 2002 700

294 Uganda 2007 1,000

295 Ukraine #REF! 2004 2,175 296 Ukraine #REF! 2006 270 297 United Arab Emirates 2005 270 298 planned

299 United Kingdom (UK) Geo-textile based dry toilet tested in the Cairngorms National Park, Scotland 2008300 Uzbekistan Composting toilets to improve sanitation in the Fergana Valley 2003 2,000 301 Uzbekistan 2007 675 302 Vietnam Urine diversion dehydration toilets for urban and peri-urban areas, Hanoi City 2004303 Vietnam 2003 108,000

304 Yemen #REF! 2002305 Yemen #REF! 2008 planned 306 Yemen Treatment and reuse of greywater from a mosque307 Zambia #REF! 2009 900 308 Zambia #REF! 2009 270 309 Zambia 2003 500

310 Zambia 2004311 Zambia 2006 2,000

312 Zimbabwe Urine diversion toilets for peri-urban and rural areas in Harare and Guruve 1997313 Zimbabwe 2006 23,000

Regional projects1 Europe 1998

2 Europe 20103 West Africa 2005

Sum of users (rough approximation only, includes sporadic users): 4,809,471

Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) in rural and urban communities in the Savannes Region

Resource-Orientated Sanitation Concepts for Peri-urban Areas in Eastern Africa (ROSA), Kitgum Town CouncilWater supply and ecological sanitation infrastructure rehabilitation projects (Kalungu, Kanawat and several other towns)Urine diversion dehydration toilets and constructed wetland with reuse in the Pdimu landing site ecosan projectUrine diversion dehydration and composting toilets as a part of the Lake Victoria Environmental Management Project (LVEMP), Ddimo

Self-uptake of urine diversion dehydration toilets by households in Kabale Municipality, Kabale DistrictSocial marketing approach in scaling-up sanitation and hygiene with urine diversion dehydration toilets in urban slums of Kawempe Division, Kampala

Kampala City Council (KCC) Ecological Sanitation Project testing urine diversion dehydration toilets in slums, Kampala (regarded as not very DED EcoSan Promotion in Adjumani Town Council, Arua Municipal Council and Luwero Town Council

Three examples of wastewater reuse after reed bed treatment, Dubai, Industrial United States of America (USA)

Ecosanitation at the office of an engineering company in Bellingham (further information pending)

Urine diversion dehydration toilets for schools and households in urban and

Support Project to the Biogas Programme for the Agricultural Sector in some provinces in Vietnam

Urine diversion composting toilets as a part of the Madimba Integrated Ecological Sanitation Project, LusakaUrine diversion toilets for household applied in the North-western and Southern Urine diversion composting toilets as a part of the Dry Sanitation Improvement Programme for Zambia (ZASP), Kaloko Region

Promotion of "fossa alterna" toilets under emergency situations in settlements in Hopley, Hatcliffe and Victoria Falls

Short-rotation willow biomass plantations irrigated and fertilised with wastewaters (FAIR5-CT97-3947): 1998 - 2002European Sanitary Waste Treatment Project, Sanbox (for remotely located EU-Sanitation project network for Africa: NETSSAF (Network for the development of sustainable approaches for large scale implementation of

Projects with the highest number of users (later: check these projects again!)

China 1998 2,055,000

Nepal 1992 686,000

Ethiopia 2004 269,200

Bolivia 2010 200,000

South Africa 2005 200,000

China 2005 196,000

Vietnam 2003 108,000

India 2006 90,000

Burkina Faso 2008 83,242

Ethiopia 2006 78,000

Malawi 2002 63,555

Togo 2009 49,500

Togo 2006 42,900

Bolivia 2006 41,510

Uganda 2006 40,000

Tanzania 2006 37,000

Mexico 2003 35,000

Rural sanitation with urine diversion deydration toilets in Guanxi Provincesanitation in the Nepal Biogas Support Programarborloos and fossa alterna toilets for householdsUrine diversion dehydration toilets in the departments of Cochabamba, Chuquisaca, Pando, Beni and PotosiProvision of sustainable sanitation services with urine diversion dehydration toilets to peri-urban and rural communities in the eThekwini Community-led water and ecosan programme, Shaanxi ProvinceSupport Project to the Biogas Programme for the Agricultural Sector in some provinces in VietnamTotal Sanitation Campaign Project using urine diversion dehydration toilets (locally known as composting toilet), Mysore, Karnataka Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) in the rural communities and schools of Nasséré, Rollo, Rouko and Zimtenga in the Province of BamResource-Oriented Sanitation concepts for peri-urban areas in Africa (ROSA) using multiple technologies, Arba MinchLow cost sanitation with arboloo, fossa alterna and skyloo latrines in rural areas of Embangweni, Thylo and PhalombePromotion of urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) in schools and communities of Maritime (Lome), Kara and Savanna Regionsdehydration toilets (UDDTs) in the Plateau RegionRural household and school urine diversion dehydration toilets in the sub-regional Andean programme for basic services against poverty (PROANDES) in the Departments (States) of Potosí, Cochabamba, Chuquisaca and OruroResource-Orientated Sanitation Concepts for Peri-urban Areas in Eastern Africa (ROSA), Kitgum Town CouncilResource-Oriented Sanitation concepts for peri-urban areas in Africa (ROSA), using urine diversion dehydration toilets, ArushaUrban ecosan pilot program with multiple technologies at Tepoztlán

Togo 2007 32,555

Cote d'Ivoire 2007 30,000

Rwanda 2001 30,000

Promotion of urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) in rural and urban communities in the Savannes RegionUrine diversion dehydration toilets for the workers' villages of SAPH agro industries in the rubber tree industryBiogas sanitation plants in prisons, Cyangugu City

Country Ranking No. of projects Country No. of Projects

India 1 29 Algeria 1

Germany 2 25 Armenia 2

Bangladesh 3 23 Australia 4

Peru 4 16 Austria 4

Uganda 5 13 Azerbajian 1

Bolivia 6 9 Bangladesh 23

China 7 9 Belarus 1

Rwanda 8 8 Bhutan 2

Sweden 9 8 Bolivia 9

Afghanistan 10 7 Botswana 1

Kenya 11 7 Bulgaria 1

Guinea(Conakry) 12 6 Burkina Faso 4

Philipines 13 6 Cambodia 1

Ethiopia 14 6 Chad 1

Nepal 15 5 China 9

South Africa 16 5 Congo-Brazavi 1

Togo 17 5 Côte d´Ivoire 1

Ranking of Countries with the highest number of projects

Denmark 1

Ecuador 5

Egypt 4El Salvador 1Ethiopia 6Fiji 1Finland 1Georgia 1Germany 25Ghana 2Guinea-Conak 6Haiti 2India 29Indonesia 2Israel 1Japan 1Jordan 2Kazahkstan 1Kenya 7Kosovo 2Kyrgystan 3Lebanon 1Lesotho 3Malawi 3Mali 2México 2Moldova 1Mongolia 2Marocco 1Mozambique 3Namibia 3Nepal 5Netherlands 3Niger 1North Korea 1Palestine 1Peru 16Philippines 6Romania 2Russia 1Rwanda 8Senegal 1Sierra Leone 3South Africa 5Sri Lanka 1Swaziland 1Sweden 8Switzerland 3Syria 1Tajikistan 2Tanzania 4

Togo 5Turkey 1Uganda 13Ukraine 2United Arab E 1USA 1UK 1Uzbekistan 2Vietnam 2Yemen 2Zambia 3Zimbabwe 2

No. of Projects

Sub-saharan APopulation n Comments Asia, Pacific Population n Comments1 Angola 13,300,000 No infomation Azerbaijan 28,500,0002 Benin 7,300,000 Bahrain 700,0003 Burundi 6,200,000 there is a loca Cyprus 793,1004 Cameroon 16,100,000 Georgia 4,500,0005 Cape verde 500,000 No infomation Iran 67,400,0006 Central Africa 3,700,000 No infomation Iraq 25,900,0007 Comoros 727,000 Kuwait 2,500,0008 Congo 3,800,000 Lao PDR 5,800,0009 Djibouti 700,000 Malaysia 25,600,000

10 DR Congo 58,300,000 Maldives 300,00011 Equatorial Gui 500,000 Myanmar (Bur 50,100,00012 Eritrea 4,400,000 North Korea 22,800,00013 Gabon 1,400,000 Oman 2,700,00014 Gambia 1,500,000 Qatar 700,00015 Guinea-Bissau 1,500,000 Saudi Arabia 25,100,00016 Liberia 3,500,000 Singapore 4,200,00017 Libya 5,600,000 South Korea 47,925,00018 Mauritania 3,000,000 Taiwan 22,600,00019 Mauritius 1,200,000 Timor-Leste 800,00020 Sao Tome and 200,000 Turkmenistan 5,700,00021 Seychelles 100,00022 Somalia 8,300,00023 Sudan 39,100,00024 Tunisia 10,000,000

24

9121

www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/ECOSAN%20fertilisers.pdf

conference2005.ecosan.org/abstracts/r1.pdf

Numer of countries without ecosan projects:

http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/ECOSAN%20fertilisers.pdf

Europe and C Population n Comments Latin AmericaPopulation n Comments North AmericAlbania 3,200,000 Argentina 37,900,000 CanadaAndorra 100,000 Brazil 179,100,000Belarus 9,800,000 Chile 16,000,000Belgium 10,400,000 Colombia 45,300,000Bosnia and He 3,900,000 Costa Rica 4,200,000Czech Republi 10,200,000 Guatemala 12,700,000Estonia 1,300,000 Guyana 860,000France 60,000,000 Honduras 7,000,000Greece 11,000,000 Nicaragua 5,600,000Hungary 10,100,000 Panama 3,200,000Iceland 300,000 Paraguay 6,000,000Ireland 4,100,000 Uruguay 3,400,000Italy 57,800,000 Venezuela 26,200,000Lativia 2,300,000Liechtenstein 33,000Lithuania 3,400,000Luxembourg 500,000Macedonia 2,000,000Malta 400,000Monaco 34,000Montenegro 650,000N.Ireland 1,690,000Norway 4,600,000Poland 38,200,000Portugal 10,500,000San Marino 30,000Scotland 5,200,000

Serbia 10,000,000Slovakia 5,400,000Spain 42,500,000Wales 2,750,000

32 14 1

Populationn Comments Caribbean/Oc Population n Comments31,900,000 Cuba 11,300,000

Jamaica 2,600,000New Zealand 4,100,000

3

Gtz2010 en Worldwide Ecosan Project List (Version 1)

Documents

Transcript of Gtz2010 en Worldwide Ecosan Project List (Version 1)