Ecosan advocacy Presentation
-
Upload
weaver-technologies -
Category
Technology
-
view
351 -
download
1
description
Transcript of Ecosan advocacy Presentation
WHAT
ECOSAN A value proposition not to be flushed!
a primer on ecological sanitation
In a ‘flush and forget’ world, talking sanitation is not quite easy!
BIG
PICTU
RE
SANITATION
Access
Sustainability of current sanitation system
Quality
Water use Innovation
MAJOR ROADBLOCKS IN SANITATION 5
BIG
PICTU
RE
SANITATION
Access India is still far from universal access to clean sanitation Only 34% of the population has access to improved sanitation nationally 626 million of population still practices open defecation in India
MAJOR ROADBLOCKS IN SANITATION
1
5
BIG
PICTU
RE
SANITATION
Quality
MAJOR ROADBLOCKS IN SANITATION
Poor sanitation has tremendous impact on quality of water 0.35 Million children die from water-related diseases annually
2 5
BIG
PICTU
RE
SANITATION MAJOR ROADBLOCKS IN SANITATION 5
Water use Water Use: The current form of sanitation is water intensive
With increasing water scarcity, sanitation's water demand has become difficult to meet 23% of the population have access to household connections nationally
3
BIG
PICTU
RE
SANITATION MAJOR ROADBLOCKS IN SANITATION 5
Innovation Research on alternative sanitation systems is completely absent A paradigm shift in approach to sanitation is required.
4
Sustainability of current sanitation system
MAJOR ROADBLOCKS IN SANITATION 5
Waste disposal in the conventional system puts enormous stress on carrying capacity of the soil Dependence of current septic tank/pit based toilets on water and availability of land limits its use in high population density areas
BIG
PICTU
RE
5
A sanitation re-think is called for if we are to improve sanitation in the next decade!
Soil
Conventional Toilet
Water Resources
Paradigm Shift
… from ‘flush and forget’ to ‘collect and reuse’
Soil
Ecosan Toilet
APPR
OA
CH
Is there a system that can address the road blocks by:
efficiently managing solid waste making waste recycling a value proposition
Environment
Water
Sustainability
closing the ecological loop containing the waste generated at its point of origin
minimizing freshwater consumption reduction of water pollution
ECOLOGICALSANITATION can address these
roadblocks
also potentially address
NUTRITION
A possible alternative to sanitation's ‘flush and forget’ problem
ECOLOGICAL SANITATION It is an approach to sanitation where human waste is seen as a reusable nutrient source, which must be returned to the soil thereby “closing the ecological nutrient cycle” (soil nutrient to food production to food consumption to soil nutrient).
ECOLOGICALSANITATION can address these
roadblocks
Academic Research
Design Innovation
also potentially address
NUTRITION
Design Innovation
4’2’’
10’’
4’’
10’’
1’2’’
1’4’’
1’6’’
Hole for defecation Pan for urination Wash area
Door 2’8’’
6’0’’
3’6’’
6’4’’
3’
Ground level
Based on region, availability of resources, time and budget a definite design can be selected for building an ecosan toilet A typical single seat ecosan toilet can be constructed for as low as Rs. 5000
ECOLOGICALSANITATION Can address these
roadblocks
The Process ECOLOGICALSANITATION
can address these
roadblocks
1. Appearance of a typical ecosan toilet.
2. Urine is collected in the middle basin. A pipe leads it to a container outside.
5. Washing is done in the wash area. The water collects outside through a pipe.
3. Fecal matter is deposited in the storage compartment.
4. A handful of ash, dried leaves, sawdust or grain husk is spread over it and covered with lid.
6. Second chamber is used when first fills up. During this time the solid waste in the first chamber decomposes into manure.
Conversion from waste to wealth
Using the manure ECOLOGICALSANITATION
can address these
roadblocks
Decomposition of solid waste into manure takes 8-12 months. After this it is applied/added to the soil as such.
+ =
Collected urine is diluted with water (1:1) and used after storing for 2-4 weeks. Urine and water mixture is applied to plants in regulated quantity. Urine Wate
r
Kolar & Mysore,, Karnataka Hard rock and water scarce area 204 toilets in 4 villages
Gujarat Coastal region 20 toilets
Bihar Flood prone 6 toilets
Chitoor, Andhra Pradesh Water Scarcity 20 toilets
Manipur Prevent water contamination 20 toilets
Our field experiments in DESIGN
Academic Research
RESEA
RC
H
Collaboration with UAS, Bangalore to conduct research in nutritional value of human waste beginning with human urine.
also potentially address
NUTRITION
12th Century CHINA
Recycled ALW for farming
12th Century JAPAN Recycled ALW for farming
18th Century NEPAL
ALW used for growing fodder crops
2003 INDIA
ALW used as fertilizer for potatoes and
chillies in Manipur
1990s SOUTH AFRICA Compost latrines
and ALW diverting system introduced
2003 NETHERLANDS
ALW integrated Ecosan projects
Instances of Urine used as fertilizer R
ESEAR
CH
RESEA
RC
H
Hypothesis Test Observe Inference
Application of ALW* as a nutrient source has a positive impact on soil properties and crop growth.
Tested on •Changes in soil parameters with varying ALW concentrations. •Comparative study of maize & banana crop growth with varying treatment with fertilizer , ALW & different ALW combinations. •Pot experiment with radish plants.
A combination of ALW + gypsum gives crop growth results at par (partially higher) with recommended dose of fertilizer.
Scientific studies on human urine
*ALW - Anthropogenic Liquid Waste (Urine)
**REQUIRED
1 Billion
N
K
P P
N
Urine in numbers
1.37 liters/day 500 liters /year
kg
kg
kg
million tons
million tons
million tons K
gene
rate
d in
a y
ear
*WASTED
million tons
million tons
million tons
NPK consumption in Agriculture in India
N-Nitrogen | P- Phosphorus | K-Potassium
ALW RESEA
RC
H
Inference
1. Plots treated with only human or cattle urine have shown higher pH level in soil when compared to plots treated with FYM. However, plots treated with human/cattle urine and gypsum have similar pH level as plots treted with FYM. Similar observation has been made in electrical conductivity of soil.
2. Highest content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, exchangeable calcium, magnesium and micro-nutrients in soil was recorded in plots treated with recommended doses of nitrogen through human urine along with gypsum in three split doses.
Experiment on soil
8
Application of ALW
+ ALW
F
G
in splits
G in splits
U U U
U U U G
G
RD
N
supp
lied
by
Soil
F
G
U
ALW
Water
Fertiliser
Gypsum
Urea
RDN
Recommended dose of nitrogen
3. The highest total soluble solids were recorded when both laterite and red
soil were applied with twice the recommended dose of N through human urine.
4. Soil microbes like soil fungi, bacterial, actinomycetes, N-fixers and P-solublizer population is found higher in soil treated with two doses of urine and least in soil treated with chemical fertilisers.
RESEA
RC
H
1. Best results are observed in vine length, leaf area index, number of branches, leaves per plant of most of the study plants, with application of human urine with gypsum in 3 split doses.
2. Human urine applied with gypsum in 3 splits to Ashgourd, French beans, pole beans and pumpkin has given better yield in comparison with chemical fertilizer/ FYM,/cattle urine applied singly or in different combinations.
3. Content of nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, copper and manganese is higher in fruit (Ashgourd, french beans, pole beans and pumpkin) harvested from the plot treated with recommended dose of human urine in combination with gypsum supplied in three split doses.
Experiments with crops
9
RESEA
RC
H
Inference
RESEA
RC
H
1. Shows healthier crop growth
2. Builds higher nutrient content and mass in the grain/fruit/root of the respective crops.
3. Cost- Benefit ratio marginally better than chemical fertilizer
in splits G
on
ALW
Crops and Soil
What did we find?
RESEA
RC
H
EFFECT ON COB SIZE
25.66
35.58 30.55
43.36
0
10
20
30
40
50
Control(T1) Fertilizer(T2) ALW(T3) ALW in 6 split
irrigations + gypsum(T6)
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Control(T1)
Fertilizer(T2)
ALW(T3)
ALW in 6 split
irrigations + …
Cost Benefit
CULTIVATION ECONOMICS (C:B)
EFFECT ON YIELD/HA
CULTIVATION ECONOMICS (C:B)
19.93
28.41
24.92
30
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Control(T1) Fertilizer(T2) ALW(T3) ALW in 6 split
irrigations + gypsum(T6)
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Control(T1)
Fertilizer(T2)
ALW(T3)
ALW in 6 split
irrigations …
Cost Benefit
CORN BANANA
What did we find?
In a ‘flush and forget’ world, talking sanitation is not quite easy!
FUTU
RE
We know that acceptance won’t be easy. Intensive behaviour-change-communication will be necessary for widespread adoption
FUTU
RE
This is a small but important part of the overall solution. We feel this story should be told now!
FUTU
RE
What will Arghyam do ? What can the government do ?
•Continue the research, take research results to trial in pilot implementations •Continue funding ecosan toilets •Explore how this can be implemented in small municipal settings through our urban projects
•Facilitate the ongoing research and provide design inputs (ICAR institutions, NID etc.) •Promote and support this approach (KVKs, women’s groups, media) •Integrate this knowledge into water and sewerage planning, pollution control planning, seed distribution