Ecosan advocacy Presentation

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WHAT ECOSAN A value proposition not to be flushed! a primer on ecological sanitation

description

This is an advocacy presentation prepared from the research conducted on Ecological Sanitation and its benefits to agriculture by University of Agricultural Sciences in collaboration with Arghyam foundation.

Transcript of Ecosan advocacy Presentation

Page 1: Ecosan advocacy Presentation

WHAT

ECOSAN A value proposition not to be flushed!

a primer on ecological sanitation

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In a ‘flush and forget’ world, talking sanitation is not quite easy!

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BIG

PICTU

RE

SANITATION

Access

Sustainability of current sanitation system

Quality

Water use Innovation

MAJOR ROADBLOCKS IN SANITATION 5

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BIG

PICTU

RE

SANITATION

Access India is still far from universal access to clean sanitation Only 34% of the population has access to improved sanitation nationally 626 million of population still practices open defecation in India

MAJOR ROADBLOCKS IN SANITATION

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5

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BIG

PICTU

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SANITATION

Quality

MAJOR ROADBLOCKS IN SANITATION

Poor sanitation has tremendous impact on quality of water 0.35 Million children die from water-related diseases annually

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PICTU

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SANITATION MAJOR ROADBLOCKS IN SANITATION 5

Water use Water Use: The current form of sanitation is water intensive

With increasing water scarcity, sanitation's water demand has become difficult to meet 23% of the population have access to household connections nationally

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PICTU

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SANITATION MAJOR ROADBLOCKS IN SANITATION 5

Innovation Research on alternative sanitation systems is completely absent A paradigm shift in approach to sanitation is required.

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Sustainability of current sanitation system

MAJOR ROADBLOCKS IN SANITATION 5

Waste disposal in the conventional system puts enormous stress on carrying capacity of the soil Dependence of current septic tank/pit based toilets on water and availability of land limits its use in high population density areas

BIG

PICTU

RE

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A sanitation re-think is called for if we are to improve sanitation in the next decade!

Soil

Conventional Toilet

Water Resources

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Paradigm Shift

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… from ‘flush and forget’ to ‘collect and reuse’

Soil

Ecosan Toilet

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APPR

OA

CH

Is there a system that can address the road blocks by:

efficiently managing solid waste making waste recycling a value proposition

Environment

Water

Sustainability

closing the ecological loop containing the waste generated at its point of origin

minimizing freshwater consumption reduction of water pollution

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ECOLOGICALSANITATION can address these

roadblocks

also potentially address

NUTRITION

A possible alternative to sanitation's ‘flush and forget’ problem

ECOLOGICAL SANITATION It is an approach to sanitation where human waste is seen as a reusable nutrient source, which must be returned to the soil thereby “closing the ecological nutrient cycle” (soil nutrient to food production to food consumption to soil nutrient).

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ECOLOGICALSANITATION can address these

roadblocks

Academic Research

Design Innovation

also potentially address

NUTRITION

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Design Innovation

4’2’’

10’’

4’’

10’’

1’2’’

1’4’’

1’6’’

Hole for defecation Pan for urination Wash area

Door 2’8’’

6’0’’

3’6’’

6’4’’

3’

Ground level

Based on region, availability of resources, time and budget a definite design can be selected for building an ecosan toilet A typical single seat ecosan toilet can be constructed for as low as Rs. 5000

ECOLOGICALSANITATION Can address these

roadblocks

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The Process ECOLOGICALSANITATION

can address these

roadblocks

1. Appearance of a typical ecosan toilet.

2. Urine is collected in the middle basin. A pipe leads it to a container outside.

5. Washing is done in the wash area. The water collects outside through a pipe.

3. Fecal matter is deposited in the storage compartment.

4. A handful of ash, dried leaves, sawdust or grain husk is spread over it and covered with lid.

6. Second chamber is used when first fills up. During this time the solid waste in the first chamber decomposes into manure.

Conversion from waste to wealth

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Using the manure ECOLOGICALSANITATION

can address these

roadblocks

Decomposition of solid waste into manure takes 8-12 months. After this it is applied/added to the soil as such.

+ =

Collected urine is diluted with water (1:1) and used after storing for 2-4 weeks. Urine and water mixture is applied to plants in regulated quantity. Urine Wate

r

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Kolar & Mysore,, Karnataka Hard rock and water scarce area 204 toilets in 4 villages

Gujarat Coastal region 20 toilets

Bihar Flood prone 6 toilets

Chitoor, Andhra Pradesh Water Scarcity 20 toilets

Manipur Prevent water contamination 20 toilets

Our field experiments in DESIGN

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Academic Research

RESEA

RC

H

Collaboration with UAS, Bangalore to conduct research in nutritional value of human waste beginning with human urine.

also potentially address

NUTRITION

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12th Century CHINA

Recycled ALW for farming

12th Century JAPAN Recycled ALW for farming

18th Century NEPAL

ALW used for growing fodder crops

2003 INDIA

ALW used as fertilizer for potatoes and

chillies in Manipur

1990s SOUTH AFRICA Compost latrines

and ALW diverting system introduced

2003 NETHERLANDS

ALW integrated Ecosan projects

Instances of Urine used as fertilizer R

ESEAR

CH

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RESEA

RC

H

Hypothesis Test Observe Inference

Application of ALW* as a nutrient source has a positive impact on soil properties and crop growth.

Tested on •Changes in soil parameters with varying ALW concentrations. •Comparative study of maize & banana crop growth with varying treatment with fertilizer , ALW & different ALW combinations. •Pot experiment with radish plants.

A combination of ALW + gypsum gives crop growth results at par (partially higher) with recommended dose of fertilizer.

Scientific studies on human urine

*ALW - Anthropogenic Liquid Waste (Urine)

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**REQUIRED

1 Billion

N

K

P P

N

Urine in numbers

1.37 liters/day 500 liters /year

kg

kg

kg

million tons

million tons

million tons K

gene

rate

d in

a y

ear

*WASTED

million tons

million tons

million tons

NPK consumption in Agriculture in India

N-Nitrogen | P- Phosphorus | K-Potassium

ALW RESEA

RC

H

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Inference

1. Plots treated with only human or cattle urine have shown higher pH level in soil when compared to plots treated with FYM. However, plots treated with human/cattle urine and gypsum have similar pH level as plots treted with FYM. Similar observation has been made in electrical conductivity of soil.

2. Highest content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, exchangeable calcium, magnesium and micro-nutrients in soil was recorded in plots treated with recommended doses of nitrogen through human urine along with gypsum in three split doses.

Experiment on soil

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Application of ALW

+ ALW

F

G

in splits

G in splits

U U U

U U U G

G

RD

N

supp

lied

by

Soil

F

G

U

ALW

Water

Fertiliser

Gypsum

Urea

RDN

Recommended dose of nitrogen

3. The highest total soluble solids were recorded when both laterite and red

soil were applied with twice the recommended dose of N through human urine.

4. Soil microbes like soil fungi, bacterial, actinomycetes, N-fixers and P-solublizer population is found higher in soil treated with two doses of urine and least in soil treated with chemical fertilisers.

RESEA

RC

H

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1. Best results are observed in vine length, leaf area index, number of branches, leaves per plant of most of the study plants, with application of human urine with gypsum in 3 split doses.

2. Human urine applied with gypsum in 3 splits to Ashgourd, French beans, pole beans and pumpkin has given better yield in comparison with chemical fertilizer/ FYM,/cattle urine applied singly or in different combinations.

3. Content of nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, copper and manganese is higher in fruit (Ashgourd, french beans, pole beans and pumpkin) harvested from the plot treated with recommended dose of human urine in combination with gypsum supplied in three split doses.

Experiments with crops

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RESEA

RC

H

Inference

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RESEA

RC

H

1. Shows healthier crop growth

2. Builds higher nutrient content and mass in the grain/fruit/root of the respective crops.

3. Cost- Benefit ratio marginally better than chemical fertilizer

in splits G

on

ALW

Crops and Soil

What did we find?

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RESEA

RC

H

EFFECT ON COB SIZE

25.66

35.58 30.55

43.36

0

10

20

30

40

50

Control(T1) Fertilizer(T2) ALW(T3) ALW in 6 split

irrigations + gypsum(T6)

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Control(T1)

Fertilizer(T2)

ALW(T3)

ALW in 6 split

irrigations + …

Cost Benefit

CULTIVATION ECONOMICS (C:B)

EFFECT ON YIELD/HA

CULTIVATION ECONOMICS (C:B)

19.93

28.41

24.92

30

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Control(T1) Fertilizer(T2) ALW(T3) ALW in 6 split

irrigations + gypsum(T6)

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Control(T1)

Fertilizer(T2)

ALW(T3)

ALW in 6 split

irrigations …

Cost Benefit

CORN BANANA

What did we find?

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In a ‘flush and forget’ world, talking sanitation is not quite easy!

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FUTU

RE

We know that acceptance won’t be easy. Intensive behaviour-change-communication will be necessary for widespread adoption

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FUTU

RE

This is a small but important part of the overall solution. We feel this story should be told now!

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FUTU

RE

What will Arghyam do ? What can the government do ?

•Continue the research, take research results to trial in pilot implementations •Continue funding ecosan toilets •Explore how this can be implemented in small municipal settings through our urban projects

•Facilitate the ongoing research and provide design inputs (ICAR institutions, NID etc.) •Promote and support this approach (KVKs, women’s groups, media) •Integrate this knowledge into water and sewerage planning, pollution control planning, seed distribution