Ecological Sanitation (Ecosan) Rahul

7/30/2019 Ecological Sanitation (Ecosan) Rahul

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ECOLOGICAL SANITATION

(ECOSAN)A PRESENTATION BY-

RAHUL KUMARReg. no. :091030110601

Roll no :09103013027

Civil Engineering Dept.

GUIDED BY:

Mr. N. K. YADAVAssistant Professor and

Teacher-in-Charge

Dept. of Civil Engineering

HALDIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY


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INTRODUCTION

eco-sanitation is notjust one technology,

butan approach based on aneco-system-oriented view ofmaterial flows to deal with what

is presently regarded as wasteand wastewater fordisposal

applies the basic naturalprincipal of closing the loop byusing modern and safe

sanitation and reusetechnologies

opens up a wider range ofsanitation options than thosecurrently considered.

closing the loopbetween sanitation

and agriculture

FOODFOOD

NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS

Pathogendestruction


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Excreta Are A Valuable

Resource

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

global mineral

fertilizer

consumption

global fertilizer

equivalent in

wastewater

million tonsper year

(as N + P2O5 +K2O)

135

50

Represents nutrients with a

market value of around 15

Billion US dollars.

recovery of energy

content (covering about20% of cooking energy needsfor a typical family in a

developing country)

energy savings infertilizer production &wastewater treatment


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Objectives of Ecological

Sanitation

The main objectives of eco-sanitation are to: provide affordable, hygienically safe, and

desirable sanitary facilities;

reduce the health risks related to sanitation,contaminated water and waste;

prevent the pollution of surface and groundwater;

prevent the degradation of soil fertility; optimise the management of nutrients and water

resources.


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Need For A New Approach

To Sanitation Conventional systems have failed - costs, resource

efficiency, safeguarding public health andsustainability,

we cannot continue to waste our non-renewable

resources the global water, hygiene and soil degradation crisis

requires new approaches

New Innovative and sustainable approaches needed

to provide safe and decent sanitation, reduce poverty,contribute to food security, preserve our environmentand maintain the natural basis of life


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Separation Of Substances

composting,

anaerobicdigestion

organic waste

soil

improvement,biogas

treatment

utilisation

substances faeces(brownwater)

anaerobic

digestion,drying,composting

biogas,

soilimprovement

constructedwetlands, gardening,

wastewater ponds, biol.treatment, membrane-

technology

greywater(shower,

washing, etc.)

irrigation,

groundwater-recharge ordirect reuse

urine(yellowwater)

liquid or dryfertiliser

hygienisation by

storage ordrying

filtration,

biologicaltreatment

rainwater

water supply,

groundwater-recharge


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Advantages

Improvement of health by minimizing

the introduction of pathogens from

human excrements into the water

cycle

Promotion of safe, hygienic recoveryand use of nutrients, organics, trace

elements, water and energy

Preservation of soil fertility,Improvement of agriculturalproductivity

Conservation of resources

Preference for modular, decentralisedpartial-flow systems for more

appropriate, cost-efficient solutions

Promotion of a holistic,

interdisciplinary approach

Material flow cycle instead of

disposal


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Types Of Ecological

Sanitation

Mainly 2 Categories: Dehydrating: Dehydration toilets reduce the pathogen content in excreta

through a series of processes. The moisture content is reduced (therefore thesetypes of facility always use urine diversion) and ash and lime are added aftereach use to increase the pH (above 9.5). The dryness and high pH, combined

with the time left in storage, eventually causes the die off of all pathogens. Thedryness of these facilities also means there is less of an environment for flies tobreed.

Composting: Composting toilets can treat human waste as either separatedor mixed faeces and urine. The waste is mixed with organic waste from thegarden and/or household to encourage the die off of pathogens. They can alsooperate by simply adding a handful of soil and ash after each use. Theprocesses involved in killing off pathogens include moisture reduction (in somecases), temperature increase, storage and predation from competing bacteria(from household waste or soil).


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Composting Toilet

composting toilet,Germany(Berger Biotechnik)

Schweden


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Dehydrating Toilet

Kerala double vault dehydration

toilet

SolaSan-prefabricated system,

South Africa


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Disadvantages

The main risks associated with ecosan result from eithermismanagement of the facilities (by, for example, not allowingenough storage time or allowing water into a dehydratingsystem), or poor construction of facilities. The outcome ofboth of these is that the pathogen content of the waste is not

reduced to safe levels, putting a selection of stakeholders atrisk, namely:

those responsible for emptying the facilities;

workers who spread the excreta across the land;

farm workers who plant crops or walk on land to which by-product is applied; and

consumers of crops that do not require cooking which havebeen fertilised with the excreta.


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Practical Example in India, public toiletcentre(Bangalore)

8 toilet cabins, separate collection of urine, washing water and faeces, co-

composting of faeces with paper and organic waste, urine and washingwater for fertilizing and irrigation of the banana plantation


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Conclusion

The ecological sanitation concept can provide many benefits tocommunities and individual households. The recycling of nutrients not onlyimproves the environment, but can provide safe sanitation in areas withwater shortage and improve food security by providing cheap fertilizers.

However, the systems put a lot of emphasis on the householder to operate

the facility and, more critically, they must operate it effectively else they willplace themselves and the local community at risk. In urban areas there islikely to be a need for good service provision to empty facilities and take thecompost to a suitable place to be used.

In order to realize the benefits of ecological sanitation care must be takento develop a suitable solution for the area in question. Careful planning must

take place to assess peoples willingness to handle the by-product ofecosan, and whether they will be willing to use this for agriculture. There area range of ecosan toilet options, some of which are more suited forcommunities who have not used ecosan previously.


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THANK YOU!

Ecological Sanitation (Ecosan) Rahul

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