Graphics Ssss

8/8/2019 Graphics Ssss

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GRAPHICS APPLICATIONGRAPHICS APPLICATION

GRAPHICS APPLICATION


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A GRAPH CAN SPEAKA GRAPH CAN SPEAK

THOUSANDSTHOUSANDS

OF WORDSOF WORDS


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What is computer graphics ?o Graphics means pictorial representation of given

data.

o Computer graphics generally means creation,storage and manipulation of models and images

Such models come from diverse and expandingset of fields including physical, mathematical,

artistic, biological, and even conceptual

Structures.

o William Fetter coined term computer graphics in

1960 to describe new design methods he waspursuing at Boeing


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APPLICATION OF GRAPHICS

IN BUSINESS:

Campaigns Banners

Brochures Internet websites & Advertisements.


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Entertainment:

Modern games

Morphing

Animations Music videos


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Medical Science

Graphics are needed in order to better train medicalstudents and doctors alike;

Allow errors to be made on virtual rather than realpatients

Allow rare cases to be modeled and studied; Alleviate the animal rights controversy and the

shortage of cadavers problem; Permit more enjoyable and efficacious treatment for

patients (example rehab); Allow more realistic examination (board exams); Allow reduction in medical costs (less liability suits,

cheaper training - emergency response).


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Industrial Visualizing engineering concepts

- Training personnel

- Ergonomic evaluation- Simulating interaction of assemblies

- Distributed product developmentmanagement

- Simulating manufacturing processesVisualization of complicated, largedata


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Military

Training

Needed to improve

decision making by young

officers, in unusual situations;

Creates mission rehearsal

exercises.


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In Image processing:

Concerned with analysis andmanipulation of images by computers.

Improving picture quality Machine perception of visual

information,as used in robotics.


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In Computer Aided Design:

Used in designing :

Buildings

Automobiles Aircraft , spacecraft , watercraft .

Textiles

Computers.


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Display Devices In Graphics:

Video display devices

Raster-scan displays

Color CRT Monitors

Direct-view Storage Tubes

Flat-panel displays


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Input Devices In Graphics: Keyboards

Mouse

Trackball and Spaceball

Joysticks

Image scanners

Touch Panels

LightPens

Voice systems


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GRAPHICS SOFTWARE: Two general classification:

GENERALPROGRAMMING PACKAGES

SPECIAL-PURPOSE APPLICATIONS

PACKAGES


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General programming packages: Extensive set of graphics functions used in high programming

language such as C or FORTRAN.

FUNCTIONS:

Generating picture components(straightline,circles,polygon) Setting color and intensity values

Selecting views and applying transformations.

Examples:

Graphics library system on silicon graphics equipment.


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Application Graphics packages: Designed for nonprogrammers so they can generate displays

without worrying about how graphics work.

FUNCTIONS:

Allow users to communicate with the programs in their ownterms

EXAMPLES:

Artists painting programs

Various business,medical,CADsystems


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Graphics Programs

Corel

Adobe PhotoShop

Adobe Photo Deluxe

Paint Shop Pro

Windows Paint

MicrosoftImage Composer


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TYPES OF GRAPHICS:

VECTOR GRAPHICS

RASTER GRAPHICS


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VECTOR GRAPHICS RASTER GRAPHICS

Image is represented bycontinuous geometric objects:

Lines,curves,etc.

Conversion from vector to

raster is easy. Geometric transformationwithout loss of information

Generally not affected byscaling

It is generated using drawingor illustration programs.

It is typically save as .epjformat.

Ex- Paint & photoshop

image is represented as anrectangular grid of colouredsquares.

conversion of raster to

vector is difficult.Geometric transformationwith loss of information

Its affected by scaling.

They are produced by digital

images capture devices suchas digital camera.

It is typically save as TIFFformat but can be save as EPJas well.

Ex- Power Point & corelDraw


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Input devices Image formed in FB Output Devices

Basic graphics system


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Computer graphics:

1950-1960 Computer graphics goes back to the

earliest days of computing

Strip charts Pen plotters

Simple displays using A/D converters to

go from computer to calligraphic CRT Computers slow, expensive, unreliable


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Computer graphics:

1960 -1970 Wire frame graphics

- draw only lines.

Display processor


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Computer graphics:

1970-1990 Raster graphics;Image produced as an array (the raster) of picture

elements (pixels) in the frame buffer.


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Computer Graphics

2000 and Onwards: Photorealism comes to computer graphics.

Graphics cards for PCs dominate market:

Nvidia, ATI, 3DLabs

Game boxes and game players determine

direction of market.

Computer graphics routine in movie industry:

Maya, Lightwave

Programmable pipelines.


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Enabling Modern Computer Graphics

Hardware revolution:-Moores Law: every 12-18 months, computer power improves by

factor of 2 in price / performance as feature size shrinks.

Significant advances in commodity graphics chips every 6months, outrunning CPU chip advance

CPU: Intel Itanium 2 dual core has 1.7 billion transistors total

GPU: Radeon HD 5850 dual core has 1.8 billion per core

Newest processors are 64-bit, dual/quad/8 coreIntel Core 2 Quad, AMD Athlon64 X2, Mac ProTM Quad/8-Core


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GRAPHICS

By :SANJEET KUMARNEHA SAHAYSUNANDAYADAV

SHASHIRAJBEENAKUMARI

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