GlobalCorruptionBarometer 2010

Dhaka9 December 2010

TI Global Corruption Barometer 2010

Contents

• The Barometer: What is it? What for?

• Topics covered

• Methodology

• Country/Regional coverage

• Findings

• Key Messages

Measuring Corruption • Transparency International Tools

– Corruption Perceptions Index – international ranking (score) based on Survey of Surveys on perceptions of business, business analysts, investors, investment analysts and country specialists on political and administrative corruption.

– Global Corruption Report – Annual Report based on research by international and country experts on a selected theme, e.g., Environment (2010), Private Sector (2009) Water (2008), Judiciary, Education, Health, etc

– Bribe Payers Index – Measure of bribe-paying by foreign firms in countries of destination

– Global Corruption Barometer - survey of public attitudes toward and experience of corruption

What is the Barometer 2010?• The biggest worldwide public opinion survey on

perceptions and experiences of corruption - Seven editions since 2003

What is the Barometer for?

• To complement CPI, BPI, GCR

• To offer an overview of the people’s experience of corruption and their views on corruption.

• To comprehend the extent to which key public agencies are perceived to be corrupt

• Indicate priorities for reform and goals for advocacy (this year added questions on people’s willingness to stand up to corruption).

• To trigger demand for more in-depth analyses.

GCB-2010: Topics covered

• People’s perceptions about corruption in key sectors.

• How respondents rate their government in the fight against corruption.

• People’s experiences with bribery when interacting with different public services & reasons to pay bribes.

• Changes in corruption levels in the past 3 years, as perceived by the general public (where applicable).

• Whom does the public trust the most to fight corruption in their country.

• People’s attitudes towards the fight against corruption and towards reporting a corruption incident.

GCB-2010: Respondents

• 91,781 people in 86 countries– Biggest coverage ever

• Men and women aged 16+

• Most samples are national. However in 14 countries samples are urban only.

• All samples have been weighted to ensure that they are representative of national and global populations.

• New countries in 2010: Australia, Bangladesh, China, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu

• Survey reference period: June 2009-May 2010 except on a few questions

Regional grouping of countries covered

Asia Pacific EU+ Latin AmericaMiddle

East&North Africa

North America NIS+Sub-Saharan

AfricaWestern Balkans +

Turkey

Afghanistan Austria Argentina Iraq Canada Armenia Cameroon Bosnia & Herzegovina Australia Bulgaria Bolivia Israel United States Azerbaijan Ghana CroatiaBangladesh Czech Republic Brazil Lebanon Belarus Kenya FYR MacedoniaCambodia Denmark Chile Morocco Georgia Liberia KosovoChina Finland Colombia Palestine Moldova Nigeria SerbiaFiji France El Salvador Mongolia Senegal TurkeyHong Kong Germany Mexico Russia Sierra LeoneIndia Greece Peru Ukraine South AfricaIndonesia Hungary Venezuela UgandaJapan Iceland ZambiaKorea (South) IrelandMalaysia ItalyNew Zealand LatviaPakistan LithuaniaPapua New Guinea LuxembourgPhilippines NetherlandsSingapore NorwaySolomon Islands PolandTaiwan PortugalThailand RomaniaVanuatu SloveniaVietnam Spain

SwitzerlandUnited Kingdom

Sampling Design and process - Bangladesh

Sampling Techniques Multi-stage Stratified Cluster Sampling (Probability sampling)

with the help of Integrated Multi-purpose Sampling Frame (IMPS) of Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS).

Total PSUs selected in 64 districts -300 Total sample size 1049 Data collection period: June 9 - July 20, 2010 Global Margin of Error +/- 2.18% to 4.40%

Steps in selecting respondents-First stage - Random PSU selection from each of 16 strataSecond stage – Creation of random block of 200 HHs in each PSU

Third stage – Systematic selection ( in a 10 HHs interval) of 20 Fourth stage – select 4 hhs from urban & 3 from ruralFifth stage – Random selection of household member as

respondent (age 18+) using Kish Grid technique.

Divisional Distribution of Respondents (Bangladesh)

Division Rural Urban Total

Barisal 61 31 92

Chittagong 96 110 206

Dhaka 143 168 311

Khulna 84 77 161

Rajshahi 116 83 199

Sylhet 55 25 80

Total 555 494 1049

Urban-Rural Distribution of Respondents

Rural59%

Urban 41%

Distribution of respondents by age

34.4%

39.5%

19.6%

6.5%

0.0

15.0

30.0

45.0

< 30 30 - 50 51 - 65 65 +

Year

% o

f res

pond

ents

Distribution of respondents by education

No education/only basic education

35.5%

Prefer not answ ering 0.5%

Secondary school 43.1%

High level education (e.g. university)

20.9%

Distribution of respondents by religion

88.4%

8.7%

1.7% 1.3%0.0

25.0

50.0

75.0

100.0

Muslim Hindu Buddhist Christian

% o

f res

pond

ents

GCB-2010: Key Findings

• Corruption levels around the world are seen by the general public as increasing over the past three years.

• Political parties are identified as the most corrupt institution around the world.

• Experience of petty bribery with different service providers is widespread

• The police is identified as the most frequent collectors of bribes in the past 12 months.

• The reason most often given for paying a bribe is ‘to avoid a problem with the authorities’.

GCB-2010: Key Findings (contd)

• Across the world, one in two considers their government’s actions to be ineffective to stop corruption.

• People have little trust in formal institutions to fight corruption: one in four persons worldwide does not trust any particular institution to be capable “most of all” to fight corruption.

• People are willing to report on corruption when it occurs

• There is significant belief that the public has a role to stop corruption

73%67%

62%57% 57%

51%47% 45% 46%

56%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

% o

f res

pond

ents

Percentage of people who consider corruption has increased: Globally, regionally and in Bangladesh

56

23

11

19

5

5

36

32

66

25

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Sub-Saharan Africa

Latin America

Asia Pacific

Western Balkans+Turkey

EU+

North America

Middle East and North Africa

NIS+

Bangladesh

Global

% of respondents

Percentages of Respondents who experienced petty corruption in last 12 months: Globally, Regionally, in Bangladesh

Percentage of respondents who experienced petty bribery: globally and in South Asia countries

25

6661

5449

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Global Bangladesh Afganistan India Pakistan

% o

f res

pond

ents

Political parties, Parliament & Policeviewed as the most corrupt institution globally

Source: Transparency International Global Corruption Barometer 2004 and 2010. Percentages are weighted.

33%

26%

39%

44%

54%

47%

28%

57%

60%

71%

30%

31%

39%

41%

43%

52%

53%

59%

61%

80%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Military

NGOs (non governmentalorganisations)

Education system

Media

Judiciary

Business/private sector

Religious bodies

Police

Parliament/legislature

Political parties

% of people reporting the sector/institution to be corrupt or extremely corrupt

2004 2010

30

30

38

40

43

50

51

58

60

62

79

9

16

22

14

43

9

12

79

32

68

58

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Military

NGOs

Education system

Media

Judiciary

Religious bodies

Business/Private Sector

Police

Parliament/Legislature

Public officials/Civil Servants

Political Parties

Bangladesh

Global

Bangladesh: Police, Public Officials, Political Parties & Judiciary perceived as most corrupt

Police is the public institution seen to most frequently collect bribes

4%

6%

6%

8%

8%

10%

14%

20%

29%

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35%

Tax Revenue

Land Services

Education System

Medical Services

Utilities

Customs

Judiciary

Registry and Permit Services

Police

% of respondents who reported paying a bribe in the previous 12 months

Source: Transparency International Global Corruption Barometer 2010. Percentages are weighted.

9 714

8 9 8 512 9

75

47

64

34

18

28

48

18

29

2014

10 8 8 6 6 4

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Police Registry andPermit

Services

Judiciary Customs Utilities MedicalServices

EducationalSystem

Land Services Tax Revenues

Asia Pacific Bangladesh Global

Police, Judiciary, Land services, License & Permit, Utilities are the key collectors of petty bribery:Global, Asia-Pacific and Bangladesh

Bribery: the poor are the most victims

5%

12%

3%

3%

4%

9%

6%

15%

27%

7%

8%

9%

10%

12%

12%

18%

28%

34%

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40%

Tax Revenue

Judiciary

Medical Services

Education System

Utilities

Land Services

Customs

Registry & Permit Services

Police

% of respondents who reported paying a bribe in the past 12 months

Lower income quintileHigher income quintile

Source: Transparency International Global Corruption Barometer 2010. Percentages are weighted.

Reasons why people pay bribe:Globally and in Bangladesh

3

14

17

22

44

3

5

45

35

12

0 10 20 30 40 50

Cannot remember

Don't know / Prefernot to answer

Receive a serviceentitled to

Speed things up

Avoid a problem withthe authorities

% of responsdents

Bangladesh

Global

Effectiveness of Government’s efforts to fight corruption

Effective, 29%

Ineffective, 50%

Neither, 21%

Source: Transparency International Global Corruption Barometer 2010. Percentages are weighted.

Percentage of people who believe in the Government’s capacity to fight corruption: Globally, Regionally and in Bangladesh

22

2932 33

27

3935

29

61

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

% o

f re

spo

nd

ents

Whom do people trust more to fight corruption?Globally and in Bangladesh

22

11 9

25

8

25

60

3 3

16

710

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Governmentleaders

Business/Private sector

NGOs-NongovernmentalOrganizations

Media Internationalorganisations[eg UN, World

Bank, IMF etc.)

Nobody

% o

f res

pond

ents

Global

Bangaldesh

Role of people in the fight against corruptionGlobally and in Bangladesh

62

7973

81

45

79 80

60

69

93

60

9490 88

71

93

76

89

71

95

31

79 81 81

53

7370 71

49

90

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Asia

Pac

ific EU+

Latin

Am

eric

a

Mid

dle

East

and

Nor

th A

mer

ica NIS

+

Nor

th A

mer

ica

Sub-

Saha

ran

Afric

a

Wes

tern

Balk

ans

+Tu

rkey

Glo

bal

Bang

lade

sh

% o

f res

pond

ents

…think that ordinary people can make a difference in the fight against corruption

…would support their colleagues or friends if they fought against corruption

…could imagine themselves getting involved in fighting corruption

Ban

glad

esh

Key messages

1. Corruption on the rise according to people, but more people think so in Europe and North America

2. Petty bribery steady, with the poor hardest hit.

3. More people pay bribes to the police than any of the nine public services covered

4. People are willing to stand up to corruption – one in seven people said they would report corruption

5. Need to mobilise this willingness to fight corruption

6. Trust must be restored in key institutions – political parties, parliament, police, public service, judiciary

7. Primacy of the political commitment

Thank you