GlobalCorruptionBarometer 2010
Dhaka9 December 2010
TI Global Corruption Barometer 2010
Contents
• The Barometer: What is it? What for?
• Topics covered
• Methodology
• Country/Regional coverage
• Findings
• Key Messages
Measuring Corruption • Transparency International Tools
– Corruption Perceptions Index – international ranking (score) based on Survey of Surveys on perceptions of business, business analysts, investors, investment analysts and country specialists on political and administrative corruption.
– Global Corruption Report – Annual Report based on research by international and country experts on a selected theme, e.g., Environment (2010), Private Sector (2009) Water (2008), Judiciary, Education, Health, etc
– Bribe Payers Index – Measure of bribe-paying by foreign firms in countries of destination
– Global Corruption Barometer - survey of public attitudes toward and experience of corruption
What is the Barometer 2010?• The biggest worldwide public opinion survey on
perceptions and experiences of corruption - Seven editions since 2003
What is the Barometer for?
• To complement CPI, BPI, GCR
• To offer an overview of the people’s experience of corruption and their views on corruption.
• To comprehend the extent to which key public agencies are perceived to be corrupt
• Indicate priorities for reform and goals for advocacy (this year added questions on people’s willingness to stand up to corruption).
• To trigger demand for more in-depth analyses.
GCB-2010: Topics covered
• People’s perceptions about corruption in key sectors.
• How respondents rate their government in the fight against corruption.
• People’s experiences with bribery when interacting with different public services & reasons to pay bribes.
• Changes in corruption levels in the past 3 years, as perceived by the general public (where applicable).
• Whom does the public trust the most to fight corruption in their country.
• People’s attitudes towards the fight against corruption and towards reporting a corruption incident.
GCB-2010: Respondents
• 91,781 people in 86 countries– Biggest coverage ever
• Men and women aged 16+
• Most samples are national. However in 14 countries samples are urban only.
• All samples have been weighted to ensure that they are representative of national and global populations.
• New countries in 2010: Australia, Bangladesh, China, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu
• Survey reference period: June 2009-May 2010 except on a few questions
Regional grouping of countries covered
Asia Pacific EU+ Latin AmericaMiddle
East&North Africa
North America NIS+Sub-Saharan
AfricaWestern Balkans +
Turkey
Afghanistan Austria Argentina Iraq Canada Armenia Cameroon Bosnia & Herzegovina Australia Bulgaria Bolivia Israel United States Azerbaijan Ghana CroatiaBangladesh Czech Republic Brazil Lebanon Belarus Kenya FYR MacedoniaCambodia Denmark Chile Morocco Georgia Liberia KosovoChina Finland Colombia Palestine Moldova Nigeria SerbiaFiji France El Salvador Mongolia Senegal TurkeyHong Kong Germany Mexico Russia Sierra LeoneIndia Greece Peru Ukraine South AfricaIndonesia Hungary Venezuela UgandaJapan Iceland ZambiaKorea (South) IrelandMalaysia ItalyNew Zealand LatviaPakistan LithuaniaPapua New Guinea LuxembourgPhilippines NetherlandsSingapore NorwaySolomon Islands PolandTaiwan PortugalThailand RomaniaVanuatu SloveniaVietnam Spain
SwitzerlandUnited Kingdom
Sampling Design and process - Bangladesh
Sampling Techniques Multi-stage Stratified Cluster Sampling (Probability sampling)
with the help of Integrated Multi-purpose Sampling Frame (IMPS) of Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS).
Total PSUs selected in 64 districts -300 Total sample size 1049 Data collection period: June 9 - July 20, 2010 Global Margin of Error +/- 2.18% to 4.40%
Steps in selecting respondents-First stage - Random PSU selection from each of 16 strataSecond stage – Creation of random block of 200 HHs in each PSU
Third stage – Systematic selection ( in a 10 HHs interval) of 20 Fourth stage – select 4 hhs from urban & 3 from ruralFifth stage – Random selection of household member as
respondent (age 18+) using Kish Grid technique.
Divisional Distribution of Respondents (Bangladesh)
Division Rural Urban Total
Barisal 61 31 92
Chittagong 96 110 206
Dhaka 143 168 311
Khulna 84 77 161
Rajshahi 116 83 199
Sylhet 55 25 80
Total 555 494 1049
Urban-Rural Distribution of Respondents
Rural59%
Urban 41%
Distribution of respondents by age
34.4%
39.5%
19.6%
6.5%
0.0
15.0
30.0
45.0
< 30 30 - 50 51 - 65 65 +
Year
% o
f res
pond
ents
Distribution of respondents by education
No education/only basic education
35.5%
Prefer not answ ering 0.5%
Secondary school 43.1%
High level education (e.g. university)
20.9%
Distribution of respondents by religion
88.4%
8.7%
1.7% 1.3%0.0
25.0
50.0
75.0
100.0
Muslim Hindu Buddhist Christian
% o
f res
pond
ents
GCB-2010: Key Findings
• Corruption levels around the world are seen by the general public as increasing over the past three years.
• Political parties are identified as the most corrupt institution around the world.
• Experience of petty bribery with different service providers is widespread
• The police is identified as the most frequent collectors of bribes in the past 12 months.
• The reason most often given for paying a bribe is ‘to avoid a problem with the authorities’.
GCB-2010: Key Findings (contd)
• Across the world, one in two considers their government’s actions to be ineffective to stop corruption.
• People have little trust in formal institutions to fight corruption: one in four persons worldwide does not trust any particular institution to be capable “most of all” to fight corruption.
• People are willing to report on corruption when it occurs
• There is significant belief that the public has a role to stop corruption
73%67%
62%57% 57%
51%47% 45% 46%
56%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
% o
f res
pond
ents
Percentage of people who consider corruption has increased: Globally, regionally and in Bangladesh
56
23
11
19
5
5
36
32
66
25
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Sub-Saharan Africa
Latin America
Asia Pacific
Western Balkans+Turkey
EU+
North America
Middle East and North Africa
NIS+
Bangladesh
Global
% of respondents
Percentages of Respondents who experienced petty corruption in last 12 months: Globally, Regionally, in Bangladesh
Percentage of respondents who experienced petty bribery: globally and in South Asia countries
25
6661
5449
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Global Bangladesh Afganistan India Pakistan
% o
f res
pond
ents
Political parties, Parliament & Policeviewed as the most corrupt institution globally
Source: Transparency International Global Corruption Barometer 2004 and 2010. Percentages are weighted.
33%
26%
39%
44%
54%
47%
28%
57%
60%
71%
30%
31%
39%
41%
43%
52%
53%
59%
61%
80%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Military
NGOs (non governmentalorganisations)
Education system
Media
Judiciary
Business/private sector
Religious bodies
Police
Parliament/legislature
Political parties
% of people reporting the sector/institution to be corrupt or extremely corrupt
2004 2010
30
30
38
40
43
50
51
58
60
62
79
9
16
22
14
43
9
12
79
32
68
58
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Military
NGOs
Education system
Media
Judiciary
Religious bodies
Business/Private Sector
Police
Parliament/Legislature
Public officials/Civil Servants
Political Parties
Bangladesh
Global
Bangladesh: Police, Public Officials, Political Parties & Judiciary perceived as most corrupt
Police is the public institution seen to most frequently collect bribes
4%
6%
6%
8%
8%
10%
14%
20%
29%
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35%
Tax Revenue
Land Services
Education System
Medical Services
Utilities
Customs
Judiciary
Registry and Permit Services
Police
% of respondents who reported paying a bribe in the previous 12 months
Source: Transparency International Global Corruption Barometer 2010. Percentages are weighted.
9 714
8 9 8 512 9
75
47
64
34
18
28
48
18
29
2014
10 8 8 6 6 4
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Police Registry andPermit
Services
Judiciary Customs Utilities MedicalServices
EducationalSystem
Land Services Tax Revenues
Asia Pacific Bangladesh Global
Police, Judiciary, Land services, License & Permit, Utilities are the key collectors of petty bribery:Global, Asia-Pacific and Bangladesh
Bribery: the poor are the most victims
5%
12%
3%
3%
4%
9%
6%
15%
27%
7%
8%
9%
10%
12%
12%
18%
28%
34%
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40%
Tax Revenue
Judiciary
Medical Services
Education System
Utilities
Land Services
Customs
Registry & Permit Services
Police
% of respondents who reported paying a bribe in the past 12 months
Lower income quintileHigher income quintile
Source: Transparency International Global Corruption Barometer 2010. Percentages are weighted.
Reasons why people pay bribe:Globally and in Bangladesh
3
14
17
22
44
3
5
45
35
12
0 10 20 30 40 50
Cannot remember
Don't know / Prefernot to answer
Receive a serviceentitled to
Speed things up
Avoid a problem withthe authorities
% of responsdents
Bangladesh
Global
Effectiveness of Government’s efforts to fight corruption
Effective, 29%
Ineffective, 50%
Neither, 21%
Source: Transparency International Global Corruption Barometer 2010. Percentages are weighted.
Percentage of people who believe in the Government’s capacity to fight corruption: Globally, Regionally and in Bangladesh
22
2932 33
27
3935
29
61
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
% o
f re
spo
nd
ents
Whom do people trust more to fight corruption?Globally and in Bangladesh
22
11 9
25
8
25
60
3 3
16
710
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Governmentleaders
Business/Private sector
NGOs-NongovernmentalOrganizations
Media Internationalorganisations[eg UN, World
Bank, IMF etc.)
Nobody
% o
f res
pond
ents
Global
Bangaldesh
Role of people in the fight against corruptionGlobally and in Bangladesh
62
7973
81
45
79 80
60
69
93
60
9490 88
71
93
76
89
71
95
31
79 81 81
53
7370 71
49
90
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Asia
Pac
ific EU+
Latin
Am
eric
a
Mid
dle
East
and
Nor
th A
mer
ica NIS
+
Nor
th A
mer
ica
Sub-
Saha
ran
Afric
a
Wes
tern
Balk
ans
+Tu
rkey
Glo
bal
Bang
lade
sh
% o
f res
pond
ents
…think that ordinary people can make a difference in the fight against corruption
…would support their colleagues or friends if they fought against corruption
…could imagine themselves getting involved in fighting corruption
Ban
glad
esh
Key messages
1. Corruption on the rise according to people, but more people think so in Europe and North America
2. Petty bribery steady, with the poor hardest hit.
3. More people pay bribes to the police than any of the nine public services covered
4. People are willing to stand up to corruption – one in seven people said they would report corruption
5. Need to mobilise this willingness to fight corruption
6. Trust must be restored in key institutions – political parties, parliament, police, public service, judiciary
7. Primacy of the political commitment
Thank you
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