DIFFERENT EXCAVATION EQUIPMENTSExcavation- the action or process of excavatingExcavate- to uncover (something) by digging away and removing the earth that covers it- to dig a large hole in (something)- to form (a hole, tunnel, etc.) by diggingBackhoe loae!A backhoe loader, also called a loader backhoe or tractor backhoe, is a heavyequipment vehicle that consists of a tractor tted with a bucket on the front and a small backhoe on the back. !ue to its relatively small si"e and versatility, backhoe loaders are very common in urban construction pro#ects. $hese machines travel on rubber tires, and can actually travel at speeds of approx. %& mph'() kmh. $his makes these machines very popular where travel between worksites or excavations is required often.Excavato! "t!acke#*xcavators, also known as a track hoe, are heavy equipment consisting of a boom, dipper stick, bucket and cab on a rotating platform. $he cab sits atop an undercarriage with tracks or wheels. All movement and functions of the excavator are accomplished through the use of hydraulic +uid. $he tracked excavator is very versatile in the mining, forestry, construction and pipeline industries.Excavato! "$heele#,heeled excavators o-er mobility to travel up to %. mph (./km'h) and can move quickly from #ob to #ob minimi"ing the need for additional transportation. $heyare ideally suited for a number of applications, like ditch cleaning or road maintenance that require travel while using a work tool.Chain t!enche!A chain trencher cuts with a digging chain that is driven around a rounded metal frame, or boom. 0t resembles a giant chainsaw. $his type of trencher can cut ground that is too hard to cut with a bucket-type excavator. $his type of trencher can cut narrow and deep trenches. $he angle of the boom can be ad#usted to control the depth of the cut. $o cut a trench, the boom is held at a xed angle while the machine creeps slowly.T%PES OF EXCAVATION EQUIPMENT*xcavators are heavy equipment consisting of a boom, bucket and cab on arotating platform(known as the1house1).$he housesits atop an undercarriagewith tracks or wheels. All movement and functions of the excavator areaccomplished through the use of hydraulic +uid, be it with rams or motors.A Typical Modern Excavator$ypes of *xcavator2 3 4ompact *xcavator 3 ,heeled *xcavators 3 5ackhoe 6oader 3 !ragline *xcavator 3 5ucket ,heel *xcavator 3 6ong 7each *xcavator 3 8ower 9hovel ' 9hovel3 9uction *xcavator3 :ydraulic *xcavator &' ()!a*lic Excavato! $he hydraulic excavator is most commonly used for digging rocks and soil, butwith its many attachments it can also be used for cutting steel,breaking concrete, drilling holesintheearth, layinggravel ontotheroadpriortopaving, crushing rocks, steel, and concrete, and even mowing landscapes. :ydraulicexcavators have an operating weight of %),))) pounds (;,)/% kg) or higher.$heinvention of the hydraulic excavator, with its easier operation and cheaperproduction has replaced the cable excavator.Hydraulic Excavator+' ,heele Excavato!-,heeled excavators easily navigate streets and hard surfaces to deliverpowerful bucket forces in well-balanced, high-stability machines. *ven with all thatmuscle outside, operators nd quiet comfort inside spacious air-conditioned cabs.6ow-e-ort levers deliver smooth boom and bucket control. Wheeled Excavators.' Backhoe /oae! 5ackhoe loader, also called a loader backhoe and commonly shortenedtobackhoe, isaheavyequipment vehiclethat consistsof atractor ttedwithashovel'bucket on the front and a small backhoe on the back. 0t is actually only thearm and bucket used to excavate material by drawing it back towards the machine.0t is also commonly called a rear actor or back actor. !ue to its (relatively) small si"eand versatility, backhoe loaders are very common in urban engineering and smallconstruction pro#ects (such as building a small house, xing urban roads, etc).A machine that moves on its own chassis and is only equipped with a xed backhoeiscalledahydraulicexcavator. 9till backhoeattachmentsareavailablefor anynumber of di-erent pieces of equipment.$he backhoe arm and bucket is hydraulically operated. $his means it consistsof hydraulic lines, a reservoir of hydraulic +uid, a pump, and a series of pistons.$he pump exerts pressure on the hydraulic +uid, which is then released into thepiston. $he piston then expands to lift and swing the arm, and press the bucket intoand out of the soil. 5y reversing a valve, the +uid +ows out of the piston and backinto the reservoir, lowering the armBackhoe loader0' D!a1line Excavato! !ragline *xcavation 9ystems are heavy equipment used in civil engineering andsurface mining. 0n civilengineering the smaller types are used for road and portconstruction. $he larger types are used in strip mining operations to moveoverburden above coal, and for tar-sand mining. !raglines are amongst the largestmobile equipment ever built on land, and weigh in the vicinity of %))) metric tons,though specimens weighing up to