Dehydration Synthesis & Hydrolysis p.32. How Are Organic Compounds Formed? Monomers = building...
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Transcript of Dehydration Synthesis & Hydrolysis p.32. How Are Organic Compounds Formed? Monomers = building...
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Dehydration Synthesis & Hydrolysis
p.32
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How Are Organic Compounds
Formed?
Monomers = building blocks (units)
Polymers = a larger molecule made of repeating subunits
Monomers link together to form polymers.
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Many small molecules
One large molecule
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Polymers:Synthesis and Hydrolysis of Polymers• The most important biological compounds are
polymers• Poly means “many”• Monomers are
a. MONOSACCHARIDES (SIMPLE SUGARS)b. AMINO ACIDSc. NUCLEOTIDESd. FATTY ACIDS
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Polymers are:• made (DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS) or broken
down (HYDROLYSIS) over and over in living cells
• Dehydration Synthesis = loss of water• a.k.a. Condensation• a.k.a. Polymerization
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Background:–Often organic molecule contain functional
groups containing carboxyl (COOH) or hydroxyl groups (OH) or both.–This is important because H and OH can be
found hanging off monomers
Monomer MonomerOH
H
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Dehydration Synthesis
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Dehydration Synthesis
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Dehydration Synthesis
What kind of bond is this?
Water released
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Dehydration Synthesis
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Dehydration Synthesis
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Dehydration Synthesis
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Dehydration Synthesis
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Polymer Monomer• Hydrolysis• Hydro = water & lysis = loosening• Water is added and breaks the
covalent bonds of polymers• Requires hydrolytic enzymes
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Hydrolysis
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Hydrolysis
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Hydrolysis
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Hydrolysis
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Diagram of Synthesis vs. Hydrolysis
H2 O
H2 O
Monomers
Polymer
Hydrolysis Reaction
Synthesis Reaction
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Diagram of Synthesis vs. Hydrolysis
H2 O
H2 O
Monomers
Polymer
Hydrolysis Reaction
Synthesis Reaction
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A. Proteins: Polymers of amino acidsB. Nucleic Acids(DNA, RNA): Polymers of
nucleotidesC. Carbohydrates: Polymers of
monosaccharidesD. Lipids: Polymers of fatty acids & glycerol
Organic compounds are also known as MACROMOLECULES.
Types of Polymers
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Organic Molecules: Preview
Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids
Composition:
H O C H O C H O C N (P , S)
H O C N P
Function: Energy/ Structure
Energy storage/
Structure/ Signalling
Structure/ Catalysis
Genetic code