Credit for many slides to Ms. Susan M. PojerCredit for many slides to Ms. Susan M. Pojer

VirginiaVirginiaVirginiaVirginia

Failure of Roanoke• 1585 – Sir Walter Raleigh’s

attempt failed

• 1587 –John White attempted, sailed back to England, later returned to discover colonists had vanished

• Only one word written on trees:

CROATOAN

• Colonists may have starved to death, joined with or were attacked by local natives (the Croatoans???)

Guaranteed to Guaranteed to colonists the same colonists the same rights as Englishmen rights as Englishmen

This provision was This provision was incorporated into incorporated into future colonists’ future colonists’ documents.documents.

Colonists felt that, even in the Colonists felt that, even in the Americas, they had the rights of Americas, they had the rights of Englishmen!Englishmen!

The Charter of the VA The Charter of the VA CompanyCompany

The Charter of the VA The Charter of the VA CompanyCompany

Late 1606 Late 1606 VA Co. sends out 3 VA Co. sends out 3 shipsships

May 24, 1607 May 24, 1607 about 100 colonists about 100 colonists [all men] land at Jamestown, along [all men] land at Jamestown, along banks of James Riverbanks of James River

Easily defended, but swarming with Easily defended, but swarming with disease-causing mosquitoes.disease-causing mosquitoes.

England Plants the England Plants the Jamestown “Seedling”Jamestown “Seedling”

England Plants the England Plants the Jamestown “Seedling”Jamestown “Seedling”

Jamestown Jamestown Settlement, 1609Settlement, 1609

Jamestown Jamestown Settlement, 1609Settlement, 1609

Chesapeake BayChesapeake BayChesapeake BayChesapeake Bay

Geographic/environmental Geographic/environmental problems??problems??

Jamestown Fort & Jamestown Fort & SettlementSettlement Map Map

Jamestown Fort & Jamestown Fort & SettlementSettlement Map Map

Jamestown Fort & Jamestown Fort & SettlementSettlement

(Computer Generated)(Computer Generated)

Jamestown Fort & Jamestown Fort & SettlementSettlement

(Computer Generated)(Computer Generated)

Jamestown HousingJamestown HousingJamestown HousingJamestown Housing

Jamestown Jamestown SettlementSettlementJamestown Jamestown SettlementSettlement

Jamestown Chapel, Jamestown Chapel, 16111611

Jamestown Chapel, Jamestown Chapel, 16111611

1606-1607 1606-1607 40 people died on the 40 people died on the voyage to the New World.voyage to the New World.

1609 1609 another ship from England another ship from England lost its leaders and supplies in a lost its leaders and supplies in a shipwreck off Bermuda.shipwreck off Bermuda.

Settlers died by the dozens! Settlers died by the dozens!

““Gentlemen” colonists would not Gentlemen” colonists would not work themselves.work themselves.

Game in forests & fish in river Game in forests & fish in river uncaught.uncaught.

Settlers wasted time looking for gold Settlers wasted time looking for gold instead of hunting or farming.instead of hunting or farming.

The Jamestown The Jamestown NightmareNightmare

The Jamestown The Jamestown NightmareNightmare

Captain John Smith:Captain John Smith:The Right Man for the Job??The Right Man for the Job??Captain John Smith:Captain John Smith:The Right Man for the Job??The Right Man for the Job??

There was no talk…but There was no talk…but dig dig goldgold, wash , wash goldgold, ,

refine refine goldgold, load , load goldgold……

So he saidSo he said

““He who shall not work, He who shall not work, shall not eat.”shall not eat.”

PocahontasPocahontasPocahontasPocahontas

A 1616 A 1616 engravingengraving

Pocahontas “saves” Pocahontas “saves” Captain John SmithCaptain John Smith

High Mortality RatesHigh Mortality RatesHigh Mortality RatesHigh Mortality Rates

The “Starving Time”:The “Starving Time”:1607: 104 colonists1607: 104 colonists

By spring, 1608: 38 survivedBy spring, 1608: 38 survived

1609: 300 more immigrants1609: 300 more immigrants

By spring, 1610: 60 survivedBy spring, 1610: 60 survived

1610 – 1624: 10,000 immigrants1610 – 1624: 10,000 immigrants

1624 population: 1,2001624 population: 1,200

Adult life expectancy: 40 yearsAdult life expectancy: 40 years

Death of children before age 5: Death of children before age 5: 80%80%

Chief PowhatanChief PowhatanChief PowhatanChief Powhatan

Powhatan Powhatan ConfederacyConfederacy

Powhatan dominated Powhatan dominated a a few dozen small few dozen small tribes tribes in areain area

Powhatan probably Powhatan probably sawsawthe English as allies the English as allies in his struggles to in his struggles to control other Indian control other Indian tribes in the region.tribes in the region.

Powhatan ConfederacyPowhatan ConfederacyPowhatan ConfederacyPowhatan Confederacy

PowhatanPowhatanIndian VillageIndian Village

PowhatanPowhatanIndian VillageIndian Village

Indian FoodsIndian FoodsIndian FoodsIndian Foods

Relations between Indians & settlers Relations between Indians & settlers grew worse.grew worse.

1) different cultures & languages 1) different cultures & languages

2) English raids of Indian food 2) English raids of Indian food suppliessupplies

1610-1614 1610-1614 First Anglo-Powhatan War First Anglo-Powhatan War

1614-1622 1614-1622 peace timepeace time

1622-1644 1622-1644 periodic attacks between periodic attacks between Indians and settlers, killed John Rolfe, Indians and settlers, killed John Rolfe, colonists continue to raid Nativescolonists continue to raid Natives

Culture Clash in the Culture Clash in the ChesapeakeChesapeake

Culture Clash in the Culture Clash in the ChesapeakeChesapeake

Smith’s Smith’s Portrayal Portrayal

of of Native Native

AmericansAmericans

Smith’s Smith’s Portrayal Portrayal

of of Native Native

AmericansAmericans

Powhatan UprisingPowhatan Uprisingof 1622of 1622

Powhatan UprisingPowhatan Uprisingof 1622of 1622

1644-1646 1644-1646 Second Anglo- Second Anglo-Powhatan WarPowhatan War

Last effort of natives to defeat Last effort of natives to defeat English, but unsuccessfulEnglish, but unsuccessful

Peace Treaty of 1646Peace Treaty of 1646

Removed the Powhatans from their Removed the Powhatans from their original land.original land.

Formally separated Indian and Formally separated Indian and English settlement areas!English settlement areas!

Culture Clash in the Culture Clash in the ChesapeakeChesapeake

Culture Clash in the Culture Clash in the ChesapeakeChesapeake

English Migration: 1610-1660English Migration: 1610-1660English Migration: 1610-1660English Migration: 1610-1660

River River SettlemenSettlement Pattern t Pattern 1620-1620-16601660

River River SettlemenSettlement Pattern t Pattern 1620-1620-16601660

John RolfeJohn RolfeJohn RolfeJohn Rolfe

What finally made the colony What finally made the colony prosperous??prosperous??

Tobacco PlantTobacco PlantTobacco PlantTobacco Plant

Virginia’s Virginia’s gold gold and and silversilver.. -- John Rolfe, 1612 -- John Rolfe, 1612

Tobacco’s effect on Virginia’s Tobacco’s effect on Virginia’s economy:economy:

Vital role in putting VA on a firm Vital role in putting VA on a firm economic footing.economic footing.

Ruinous to soil when continuously Ruinous to soil when continuously planted.planted.

Chained VA’s economy to a single Chained VA’s economy to a single crop.crop.

Tobacco promoted the use of the Tobacco promoted the use of the plantation system.plantation system.

Need for cheap, abundant labor.Need for cheap, abundant labor.

Virginia: “Child of Virginia: “Child of Tobacco”Tobacco”

Virginia: “Child of Virginia: “Child of Tobacco”Tobacco”