Ms. Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS

Chappaqua, NY

Edited by Ms. Melissa Steward

Gateway Middle School

Monroeville, PA

Ms. Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS

Chappaqua, NY

Edited by Ms. Melissa Steward

Gateway Middle School

Monroeville, PA

ChandraguptaChandragupta: : 321 321 BCE-298 BCEBCE-298 BCE

ChandraguptaChandragupta: : 321 321 BCE-298 BCEBCE-298 BCE

Unified northern Unified northern IndiaIndia..

Defeated the Defeated the PersianPersian general general SeleucusSeleucus..

Divided his empire Divided his empire intointo provinces, then provinces, then districts districts for tax assessments for tax assessments and lawand law enforcement. enforcement.

• Had huge army and Had huge army and secret policesecret police

• Government owned Government owned all of the landall of the land

• Peasants had to Peasants had to pay taxespay taxes

• He feared He feared assassinationassassination food food tasters, slept in tasters, slept in differentdifferent rooms, etc. rooms, etc.

Chandragupta MauryaChandragupta Maurya

• Commerce and industry Commerce and industry flourishedflourished

• Artisans manufactured jewelry, Artisans manufactured jewelry, perfumes, fine fabrics, leather perfumes, fine fabrics, leather work, pottery, and clothing.work, pottery, and clothing.

• Swords and arrowhead were Swords and arrowhead were mademade

• Traded increasedTraded increased

Chandragupta MauryaChandragupta Maurya• As he grew older, he became As he grew older, he became

interested in a religion called interested in a religion called JainismJainism

• In Jainism, the true being was the In Jainism, the true being was the jiva or eternal soul that lived jiva or eternal soul that lived inside the physical bodyinside the physical body

• They believed that every living They believed that every living thing has a soul and that killing thing has a soul and that killing any living thing is the greatest evilany living thing is the greatest evil

The Maurya The Maurya EmpireEmpire

The Maurya The Maurya EmpireEmpire

321 BCE – 185 BCE321 BCE – 185 BCE

KautilyaKautilyaKautilyaKautilya Chandragupta’s advisor.Chandragupta’s advisor.

Brahmin caste.Brahmin caste.

Wrote Wrote The Treatise onThe Treatise on Material Gain Material Gain or the or the ArthashastraArthashastra..

A guide for the king and his A guide for the king and his ministers:ministers:

Supports royal power.Supports royal power.

The great evil in society is The great evil in society is anarchyanarchy..

Therefore, a single authority is Therefore, a single authority is needed to employ force when needed to employ force when necessary! necessary!

Asoka (304 – 232 Asoka (304 – 232 BCE)BCE)

Asoka (304 – 232 Asoka (304 – 232 BCE)BCE) Religious conversion Religious conversion

after the gruesome after the gruesome battle of battle of KalingaKalinga in in 262 BCE. 262 BCE.

Dedicated his life to Dedicated his life to Buddhism. Buddhism.

Built extensive roads.Built extensive roads.

ConflictConflict how to balance how to balance Kautilya’sKautilya’s methods of keeping methods of keeping powerpower and Buddha’s demands to and Buddha’s demands to become a selfless become a selfless person?person?

AsokAsoka’s a’s

EmpiEmpirere

AsokAsoka’s a’s

EmpiEmpirere

Asoka’s law Asoka’s law codecode

Asoka’s law Asoka’s law codecode Edicts scattered inEdicts scattered in

more than 30 places more than 30 places in India, Nepal, in India, Nepal, Pakistan, & Afghanistan. Pakistan, & Afghanistan.

Written mostly inWritten mostly in Sanskrit, but one was in Sanskrit, but one was in Greek and Aramaic. Greek and Aramaic.

10 rock edicts.10 rock edicts.

Each pillar [Each pillar [stupastupa] is 40’-50’ high.] is 40’-50’ high.

Buddhist principles dominate his Buddhist principles dominate his laws.laws.

One One of of

AsokAsoka’sa’sStStupasupas

One One of of

AsokAsoka’sa’sStStupasupas

WomenWomenUnder Under

ananAsokaAsokatreetree

WomenWomenUnder Under

ananAsokaAsokatreetree

Turmoil & a power Turmoil & a power Vacuum:Vacuum:

220 BCE – 320 CE220 BCE – 320 CE

Turmoil & a power Turmoil & a power Vacuum:Vacuum:

220 BCE – 320 CE220 BCE – 320 CE

Tamils

Tamils

The Maurya Empire is divided into many The Maurya Empire is divided into many kingdoms.kingdoms.

Gupta Empire:Gupta Empire: 320 CE – 320 CE – 647 CE647 CE

Gupta Empire:Gupta Empire: 320 CE – 320 CE – 647 CE647 CE

Gupta RulersGupta RulersGupta RulersGupta Rulers Chandra GuptaChandra Gupta II

r. 320 – 335 CEr. 320 – 335 CE

“ “Great King of Great King of Kings”Kings”

Chandra Gupta IIChandra Gupta II r. 375 - 415 CEr. 375 - 415 CE

Profitable trade Profitable trade withwith the Mediterranean the Mediterranean world! world!

Hindu revival.Hindu revival.

Huns invade – 450 Huns invade – 450 CECE

Fa-Hsien: Life in Fa-Hsien: Life in Gupta IndiaGupta India

Fa-Hsien: Life in Fa-Hsien: Life in Gupta IndiaGupta India Chinese Buddhist monk traveled along Chinese Buddhist monk traveled along

the the Silk Road and visited India in the 5c. Silk Road and visited India in the 5c.

He was following the pathHe was following the path of the Buddha. of the Buddha.

He reported the people to He reported the people to be happy, relatively free of be happy, relatively free of government oppression, and government oppression, and inclined towards courtesy and inclined towards courtesy and charity. Other references in charity. Other references in the journal, however, indicate the journal, however, indicate that the caste system was that the caste system was rapidly assuming its basic features, rapidly assuming its basic features, includingincluding "untouchability," the social isolation of a "untouchability," the social isolation of a lowestlowest class that is doomed to menial labor. class that is doomed to menial labor.

Chandra Gupta Chandra Gupta 1111

Chandra Gupta Chandra Gupta 1111

International Trade International Trade Routes during the Routes during the

GuptasGuptas

International Trade International Trade Routes during the Routes during the

GuptasGuptas

Extensive Trade:Extensive Trade:4c4c

Extensive Trade:Extensive Trade:4c4c

spices

spices

spicesspices

gold & gold &

ivoryivory

gold & gold & ivoryivory

rice & rice & wheatwheathorseshorses

cotton goods

cotton goods

cotton goods

cotton goodssilkssilks

KalidasaKalidasaKalidasaKalidasa

The greatest of Indian poets.The greatest of Indian poets.

His most famous play was His most famous play was ShakuntalaShakuntala..

During the reign of Chandra Gupta During the reign of Chandra Gupta II. II.

GuptGuptaa

ArtArt

GuptGuptaa

ArtArt

Greatly influenced Greatly influenced Southeast Asian art & Southeast Asian art &

architecture.architecture.

MedicineMedicineMedicineMedicine LiteratureLiteratureLiteratureLiterature

MathematicsMathematicsMathematicsMathematicsAstronomyAstronomyAstronomyAstronomy

PrintedPrintedmedicinal medicinal

guidesguides

1000 1000 diseasesdiseasesclassifiedclassified

PlasticPlasticSurgerySurgery

C-sectionsC-sectionsperformeperforme

dd

InoculatioInoculationsns

500 healing500 healingplants plants

identifiedidentified

DecimalDecimalSystemSystem

ConceptConceptof Zeroof Zero

PI = 3.1416PI = 3.1416

KalidasKalidasaa

SolarSolarCalendarCalendar

The The earthearth

is roundis round

GuptaGuptaIndiaIndia

Gupta Gupta AchievemeAchieveme

ntsnts

Gupta Gupta AchievemeAchieveme

ntsnts

The Decline of the The Decline of the GuptasGuptas

The Decline of the The Decline of the GuptasGuptas

Invasion of the Huns in the 4c Invasion of the Huns in the 4c signaledsignaled the end of the Gupta Golden the end of the Gupta Golden AgeAge, even though, even though at first, the Guptas defeated at first, the Guptas defeated them.them.

After the decline of the Gupta After the decline of the Gupta empire, northempire, north India broke into a number of India broke into a number of separate Hinduseparate Hindu kingdoms and was not really kingdoms and was not really unified again untilunified again until the coming of the Muslims in the the coming of the Muslims in the 7c.7c.

BhartrhariBhartrhariBhartrhariBhartrhari 5c India court poet and 5c India court poet and philosopher.philosopher.

Knowledge is man's crowning Knowledge is man's crowning mark,mark,A treasure secretly buried,A treasure secretly buried,The source of luxury, fame, and The source of luxury, fame, and bliss,bliss,A guru most venerable,A guru most venerable,A friend on foreign journeys,A friend on foreign journeys,The pinnacle of divinity.The pinnacle of divinity.Knowledge is valued by kings Knowledge is valued by kings beyond wealth--- beyond wealth---When he lacks it, a man is a When he lacks it, a man is a brute.brute.