Control Instrument Course Eghbalpour

7/26/2019 Control Instrument Course Eghbalpour

1/133

CONTROL & INSTRUMENTATION

H.Eghbalpour

Http://sbu-ir.academia.edu/HEghbalpour


2/133

(1(-1

21-1

21-2

41-3

91-4

1-4-1

10

111-4-2

111-4-3

111-5

13-2

142-1

142-1-1

142-1-2

142-1-3

152-1-4

2-2 16

2-2-1

16

162-2-2

172-2-2-1

182-2-3

192-2-4

2-2-5

19


3/133

202-3

202-4

2-5

21

212-5-1

222-5-2

232-5-3

24-3

253-1

253-1-1

253-1-2

263-2

263-2-1

263-2-2

283-2-3

293-2-4

293-2-5

303-2-6

32-4

4-1

33

Dipstick334-1-1

334-1-2

344-1-3

344-1-4

354-1-5


4/133

364-1-6

384-1-7

4-1-8

38

404-1-9

404-1-10

414-2

424-3

434-3-1

434-3-1-1

45-5

465-1

465-2

465-2-1

495-2-2

495-2-3

505-2-4

515-2-4-1

515-2-4-2

5-2-4-3

)

(52

535-2-4-4

535-2-4-5

545-2-5

565-2-5-1

565-2-6


5/133

575-2-7

575-2-8

5-2-9

58

585-2-10

59-6

606-1

616-2

626-3

HART636-4

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687-1

697-2

7-3 72

737-4

737-4-1

747-4-2

757-4-3

767-4-4

7-4-4-1

76

777-4-4-2

787-5

797-5-1

797-5-2

807-5-3


6/133

807-5-4

817-5-5

7-6

81

827-6-1

837-6-2

857-7

897-8

947-9

96-8

978-1

988-2

998-2-1

998-2-2

998-2-3

1008-2-4

1008-2-5

1008-3

1018-3-1

9-

104

1059-1

1059-2

IEC611311069-2-1

PLC1079-2-2

PLC1089-2-3


7/133

PLC1089-2-4

PLC1099-2-5

9-3

110

DCS1119-3-1

PLC113DCS9-4

1179-5

1189-5-4

9-5-4-1 118

1199-5-4-2

1199-5-5

1209-6

127


8/133

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9/133

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10/133

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11/133

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.

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.

:1-3

....


12/133

Plant

.

(Direct Digital Control) DDC)(

(Distributed Control System) DCS(Field

Control System) FCS.1-3

:

1-3

1940

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.

PID

.

.

1980

1-4.FCSDCSDDC

.


13/133

1-4

-DDC

.

:DDC

Fail.1 .

.((Wiring.2

DCS

.

(Instrument Technical Room (ITR

(Fail.

(Redundancy)(

.

.((ITRDCS

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DCS


14/133

FCS.

.

.

PID

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(

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.

.

.

...

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IC

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15/133

.

(.

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DCS.

. VmA20-4

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.

((Set Point ...

.

.

(DCS)

!

.


16/133

.

.

.

..

ITR

Junction Box. ...DCSFCSHybrid

.

HybridDCSFCS1-5

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17/133

1-6

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.

.

) (Sensor):

.

) (Transducer):

.

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mA20-4psi15-3.

.


18/133

1-4-2

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0

100

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19/133

-3 )Repeatability:(

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.

-4 )Sensitivity:(

.

.

.

-5 )Performance:(

.

.

:

.

-6 )Response:(

.

.

.

.


20/133


21/133

2-1

:

.

.

:2-1-1

.P

.

.

:2-1-2

.

.

:

P=F/A

P .AF

:2-1-3

.

SI

(2

N/m1Pa =1(.

.

)Atmospher(.

1000))kpa

.kpa325/101.


22/133

(.2

dyn/cm(torr

.

.

KpaMilibar

(mbar)barcm.Hg.mm.Hg

In.Hg.

at 20OC

Metres

H2OKg/cm2in H2O

ft.H2O

at 20OCatms.psi

6.89568.9470.06905.18851.8842.0430.7040.070027.7202.3100.06801psi

101.3251013.01.013076.248762.48030.01910.3511.0330407.51333.659114.696atms.

2.98429.8370.03002.24522.4520.8840.3050.030012.00010.02900.433ft.H2O

at 20OC

0.2492.4860.00250.1871.8710.0740.0250.002510.8330.00250.036in H2O

98.066980.6620.981073.796737.95929.05410.0181394.40832.8670.968014.223Kg/cm2

9.80798.0660.09807.37973.7962.90510.009039.3703.2870.09701.422Metres

H2O

3.37533.7530.03402.54025.40010.3450.034013.5751.1310.03300.489In.Hg.

at 20OC

0.1331.3290.00100.10010.0390.01360.00140.5340.0450.00130.019mm.Hg

1.32813.2900.0133110.0000.3930.13600.01405.3400.4450.01310.193cm.Hg.

100.001000.0175.247752.4729.62510.2111.0200402.16433.5140.987014.503bar

0.10010.0010.0750.7520.0290.01020.00100.4020.0330.00090.014Milibar

(mbar)

110.0000.0100.7527.5250.2960.10200.01004.0210.3350.00980.145Kpa

:2-1-4

.1 ):(Gauge pressure

)(

.

.2 ):)Absolute pressure

.)(

=+

.3 ):)Vacuum pressure

.


23/133

2-1

2-2

:

2-2-1:((Manometer

)(

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.

2-2

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.

.

.


24/133

2-2-2-1

:

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C

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C

.

.

2-3

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.360

.

.

2-4


25/133

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.

.

2-5

:((Diaphragm2-2-3

.

.

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2-6


26/133

2-2-4

(Capsule):

.

.

2-7

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.

:((Bellows2-2-5

.

.

.

2-8


27/133

2-3

(Pressure Transmitter):

.

:

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.

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Pressure)

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24.

.

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20-4

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Set point.


28/133

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.

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2-5

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29/133

2-9

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AC


30/133

XA

..

AC.

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.

2-10

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.

P2-11

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31/133


32/133

:3-1

:((Temperature3-1-1

.

:3-1-2

..

.

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100)HgCm76(

100/11.

32212.

180/11.

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3-1


33/133

3-2

:

:3-2-1

.

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:3-2-2

.

.((Hot junction

.

(Cold junction)

.

.

.

.

200+)1500 )


34/133

)(

.

3-3

.))Seeback-effect

Seeback.

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)P(

))N

0 1800-30%

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BP

BNB

-190 1000-

-

EP

ENL

0 1000

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JP

JNJ

0 1200-

--

KP

KNK

0 1790-13%

RP

RNR

0 1790-10%

SP

SNS

-190 380

-

TP

TNI


35/133

....KTJ.

3-2-3

:((RTD

RTD RTD

RTD .

.32RTD

.RTD

RTD.RTD.

:

RTD3-4

RTD

:RTD.

3-5

RTD


36/133

3-2-4

)(Thermistor:

.

P-N)

(

.

:

.:NTC-1

.:PTC-2

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RTD RTD

260

.

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.

.

:

3-6

.

:.


37/133

3-7

:((Filled Type3-2-6

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:.

P1.V1T1 = P2.V2 T2VnPn

3mTn

)Capillary))Bulb. Tube(

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.).

.

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3-8


38/133

( )

:

I:

I A:.

I B:.

II:

II A:.

II B:.

II C:.

II D:.

III :

III A:.

III B:

.


39/133


40/133

4-1

:

:Dipp stick4-1-1

.

.

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.

:

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transparent

.

.

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:((Reflective)

.

.


41/133

. .

4-1-3

:((Floater

.

.

.:.

.

4-2

:((Displacer4-1-4

.

(

.(

Displacer

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.Displacer

.

.


42/133

4-3

(Displacer)

Displacer

Torque Tube Displacer

.

Torque TubeDisplacer

.

.

4-1-5

:

.

.

.

.

.

.

.


43/133

4-4

4-1-6

(DP):

.

(Pressure

Transmitter).

((H((L

.

:

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.

.

4-5D.P.cell

:


44/133

.Dry leg.

.

.

D.P.cell4-6

.)(1

.

4-7D.P.cell

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.

. Zero Suppression Kit1


45/133

4-8

4-1-7

Ultrasonic:

.

.

4-9

:Radar Type4-1-8

1

.

f1 fo

1. Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave


46/133

.

.

4-10

12

52

.

.

:

)(

.

1.

FHAST4-11

1. Fast High Accuracy Signal Technology (FHAST)


47/133

MIP

FCMW

Backup

.

4-12

FCMWMIP

:Capacitance4-1-9

)(

.

4-13

:Servo type4-1-10


48/133

.

.

4-14

:( (Level switch4-2

Capacitancepaddle flouter

level switch

.

) Paddle:

.

.

) :Floater

.

) Cpacitance:

.

) Magnetic:


49/133

.

4-15

4-3

1

2.

4-16

Vibration & Displacement.1

Thrust Bearing.2


50/133

.

1.

:

:

.

.

Eddy Current.1

: 4-3-1

.1

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.3

4-17

: 4-3-1-1

.

.AM


51/133

:

4-18

4-19

RF

4-20


52/133


53/133

5-1

(Flow):

.

:

.

:.

Q=AV

((A.1

((V.2

:5-2

:5-2-1

.

:

E1 = E2 = + +

2

2

2

2

221

2

1

1

11 gzv2

1

P

m

Egzv

2

1

P

m

E

:

= E1= E2

= v1= v2

= P1= P2

= Z1= Z2

= 1= 2

:

PP

2

vv 212

1

2

2

Q1 = Q2 = Q

Q1 = A1v1Q2 = A2v2

:


54/133

PP2

2

1

2

2TH

21

A

A1

AQ

:

21PPCQact

(Orifice Plate):

.

.

.

.

:.

5-1

:


55/133

5-2

:((Nozzle Tube

.

5-3

.

(Ventury Tube):

(

)

.

.


56/133

5-4

5-2-2

(Rotameter):

.

.

.

.

5-5

:((Magnetic Flometer5-2-3

.

.

.

.


57/133

..

.

:

E=Blv

5-6

:5-2-4

.

. .

.

5-7


58/133

5-2-4-1

:

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59/133

)(5-8

(5-2-4-3 ):

. .

.

.PTZ

..

bar1.01325 oC0

oC15

oF60.

.Z

. .

:

m Zm

.b.


60/133

1Zb/Zm

(.(Zb=Zm=Z

5-2-4-4

:((Rangeability

ISO 9951%2.rangeability

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Qmax%Qmax20

% Qmax20Qmin.

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.

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.

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Rangeability

.

. :


61/133

QK

.

:5-2-5

.

5-9

30

TokimecTokyo Keiki1963 .

Controlotro1972

Panametrics8070 Ultraflux

.

.

:

) Doppler:

.


62/133

.

5-10

( Transient

:

.

5-11

.

.

.


63/133

)(5-12

:5-2-5-1

.

.

(

.)

:

..

-1

-2

-3

-4

5-

:5-2-6

.


64/133

.

.

.

5-13

:Flowmeter)(Mass5-2-7

.

.

.

.

5-14

:((Pitot Tube5-2-8

)(

.


65/133

5-15

:((Vortex5-2-9

.

5-16

:((Thermal Flow Meter5-2-10

.

.

.

.

....

5-17


66/133


67/133

6-1

:

)(

)

(

.

.15psi3

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)(.

.

60

.

:.

o

o

.

.short circuit

.

.

.I to PI to P convector

I to P

.


68/133

70

.

.

:

o

o

o(Auto tunner mode)

.

....mA20-4V5-1mA20-0

HART

mA20-4

)HART(Master

.

.

.

.

:6-2

.-

)psi20(

psi15-3


69/133

.

.

6-1

6-3

mA20-4:

.204

4

.

. .

IC

.

6-2


70/133

51250

.

mA20-46-3

6-4

HART:

HART

mA20-4.

.

.HART

6-4

.

HART6-4


71/133

PLCDCS

.mA20-4

.

.)(

HART

....

mA20-4.

.

.HART6-5.

HART6-5

FSKBell202HART .

FSK

.

1

1200


72/133

..2200

.

6-6FSK

-Master/SlaveHART

-Slave Master .

HARTMaster

CommunicatorMaster)PLC)DCS.

6-7.Master

.

HART6-7


73/133

HART

..

MultidropHART6-8


74/133

MOVI/P


75/133

7-1

:

.

.

1.

2.

.

.

.

.

.

: 3

4

. Sliding Stem)

5).

1. Throttling

2. Tight Shut off

3. Valve Body

4. Actuator

5. Rotary Shaft


76/133

-7-1

.

. 1 .

2

3(

)4.

.

7-25

:.

1. Stem

2. Plug

3. Seat

4. Actuator

5. Terminology


77/133

-1 1:

.

.

2

3

4.

.

-2 5:

.

.

.

.

-3 6:

.

. .

.

1. Body

2. Screwed threads

3. Flanges

4. Welded end

5. Bonnet

6. Packing Box Assembly


78/133

-4 1:

.

:

)

()

) .bonnet

. .

-52:

.

.

.

.

.

-6 3( ):

(

). :

.

1. Trim

2. Yoke

3. Actuator


79/133

.

1 .

7-3

:((Fail Safe

.

. 2

3

. )(

. -

.

7-2

4

.

7-3 1

.

1. Limits of Travel

2. Shut down

3. Spring Loaded

4. Normally Open


80/133

1

2

3.

4

5

.

.

.

.

:7-4

7-4-16:

.

-7(

).7-54 .

)7-4(

.)7-5(

.

1. Normally Close

2. Fail Close

3. Air to Open

4. Fail Open

5. Air to Close

6. Single ported


81/133

-7-4

-7-5

7-4-21:

).7-6(

.

1. Double- Ported


82/133

-.

1.

7-6-

:7-4-3

.

.

.

2

3

4.

.

1. Tight Shut- off

2. Linear

3. Quick Opening

4. Equal Percentage


83/133

-7-7

7-4-41:

.

.

7-4-4-1

:

.

.

7-8 .

.

.

Nitrile((T.F.E

. 2s60

.

1. Rotary Shaft

2. Throttling


84/133

-7-8

7-4-4-21:

2.

s90

. .

3

.

Vee

...

. 4

.

1. Ball Valve

2. Bore

3. Shut down

4. Counteract


85/133

7-9-

:7-5

.

.

1

2

.

:)7-10(

!3

!4

!5

!6

!7

1. On- Off

2. Throttling Action

3. Quick Opening

4. Linear

5. Modified Linear

6. Equal Percentage

7. Modified Parabolic


86/133

-7-10

:7-5-1

35%7-10

.

1

2

3 .

7-11

.

-7-11

:7-5-2

7-10

70%. 70%

1. Self- Actuated

2. Regulators

3. relief valves


87/133

.

.

.

7-12

.

-7-12

7-5-3

:

7-10)(1

.

.

7-13

.

-7-13

7-5-4

:

7-10

7-10(.

)

.

1. Compromise


88/133

.

.

7-14-

:7-5-5

7-10)(

7-15.

-Vee PortPort

guid.

Vee-7-15

:7-6

. .

1..

1. Intrinsically Safe


89/133

7-6-1

1:

.

) .

*

=

). .

.

.

. .

.

.

. .

.

.

. 2

.

.

3

.

)bar2-0.4)Psi30-6)bar1-0.2)Psi15-3

.

1. Single Acting

2. Air to Close

3. Fail- Safe


90/133

7-16-

7-17-

:7-6-2

.

.

. )bar10-7)Psi150-100

.

.


91/133

1

(S/ D)2

.

. .

S/ D

.3

4

.

.

.

-On Off .

.

-7-18

1. Shut Down

2. Spring Opposed

3. Reservoir

4. accumulator


92/133

7-7

:

.

:..

.

1.

.

mA20-4

.

.

.

.

. .

.

2

)(

.

.

.

1. Split Range

2. booster


93/133

.7-19

-7-19

:

Psi15-3

.mA20-4

-

.

.

.

.


94/133

.

.

.

-.

.

-7.

.20

-7-20

1

.

..

.

1. Cam


95/133

.

.

.

.

.

(1

)

.

2

.

.

mA20-4

-

.

.

.

:

( ) .

1. Spring Range

2. Exhaust port


96/133

()1()2(

.7-21)3

.

((Fisher-7-21

7-8

1

:

.

2

3

4

5

1. Accessories

2. Limit Switches

3. Solenoid Valves

4. Lock up Valves

5. Capacity Tanks


97/133

1:

.

.

2.

.

.

7-22

.

3

A

.B B

.A

7-23

1. Solenoid Valves

2. On- Off Switching

3. Energize


98/133

.

.

.1

. 2

3.

4:

7-24.

.7-25

.7-24

1. Plunger

2. Energized to Open

3. Energized to Close

4. Lockup


99/133

7-25

)

(

1:

.

.

.7-26.

.

7-26

1. Capacity Tank


100/133

:

).7-27(

-7-27

12:

.psi30psi20.

7-28

1. Regulators

2. Moisture Trap

3. Motor Operating Valve


101/133

7-9

)MOV1

:(

.

90.

. .

.

.

:MOV

.:.1

:.2 /Remote Local

.

:.3

.

7-29

MOV

:MOV

Motor Operating Valve.1


102/133

Rotork7-30 MOV


103/133


104/133

8-1

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.

.

:

.

. )/(I/O100

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105/133

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.

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.

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8-2


106/133

8-2-1

Field Level:

.

1

)(Field Bus.

.

.

:Control Level8-2-2

.PLCCNC

..

. :

RS232CRS422RS485IEEE488

.

((Control Net

.

.))Real-Time

8-2-3

(Supervision Level):

.

.

1.Peer to Peer


107/133

8-2-4

)Planing Level(:

.

.

.

:))ERP Level8-2-5

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108/133

RS-232.

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Layer 7 Application

Layer 6 Presentation

Layer 5 Session ,

Layer 4 Transport Error

Layer 3 Network

Layer 2 Data link

Layer 1 Physical

Layer 0 Transmission


109/133

6.

.

5Session:

..

.

:Transport4

.

.

:Network3

..

:Data Link2

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)(1

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.

.

:Physical1

:HUB

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:Transmission

.

1.Checksum


110/133

.

ISO/OSI

.


111/133


112/133

9-1

:

.

CPU

CPU

.

.

:PLC9-2

PLC

.

.

.

9-1

PLC

9-2PLC CPU

. Field

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113/133

.

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9-2

PLC

:IEC611319-2-1

PLC

International Electro-technical Commision1979. (IEC)

PLC .

.PLC

IEC611319-3

:IEC61131

1-

)General Information(

))Equipment Requirements and Test-2

))Programming Languages-3

1.Instruction List(IL): .

.


114/133

2.Function Block Diagram(FBD):

.

3.Ladder Diagram(LD):

.LD

FBD

.

4.Structured Text(ST): C

.

5.Sequentional Function Control(SFC):

.Step

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))User Guidelines-4

))Communication-5

.-6

))Fuzzy Control Programming-7

))Guidelines for application of programming languages-8

:PLC9-2-2

:PLC

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.2

)(.3

4.

))Pilot Running.5

))Visual Observation.6

)(.7

.8

.9


115/133

.10

.11

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(

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:PLC9-2-3

:PLC

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CPU.2

(Programmer/Monitor(PM/.3

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CPU.6

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9-2-4

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PLC

:

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))User-Friendly

.


116/133

PLC:))LED.2

.9-1

INDICATIONLED

Internal power supply is functioning.POWER

The processor is scaning the program and controlling output. LED

flashes when PLC is STOPPED , outputs are retained. LED is off

when PLC is halted , outputs are disabled.

RUN

Processor failure has been detected.FAULT

Battery is below low limit.

LOW

BATTERY

PROM module is plugged in and operating.PROM

9-1

:PLC9-2-5

PLC

:

:((Enclosure.1

PLC

(National Electrical Manufactures Association(NEMA

.

.PLC:.2

3.

:

.


117/133

CPU:.4

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.

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.

:PLC.6

.

:PLC.7

.PLCPLC

:PLC.8

.

.

):)Distributed Control Systems9-3

DCS

.

DCS


118/133

DCS.

.

.

DCS

DCS.

DCS.

.

.

.

:DCS9-3-1

DCS

.

1.LevelOperation & Monitoring

2.Control Level

3.Field Level

DCS9-4


119/133

.1 )Operation & Monitoring Level(:

DCS

.

.Terminal Bus

)Engineering Station(ES OS

(Operator Station).

:)Engineering Station(ES

DCS

ES.

.Terminal BusProcess BusBus.ES

OS(Operator Station):

OS. Runtime

.OS

OS.

.OS

.2 :))Control Level

Process Bus

.

Redundant

.

.3 :))Field Level

(FieldField LevelDCS

Instruments)(Actuators).


120/133

Real Time.Shut down

Redundant

.

DCS

.

.9-5DCS.

))Distributed Control System9-5

9-4

DCS

PLC:

.

.

1.PLC

Factory Automation

Interlocking

2.DCSProcess Automation

DCSPLC

PLC.

PLC

.DCS


121/133

DCSPLC.

:

I/O.1

I/O.2

.3

))Redundancy.4

.5

))Networking.6

.7

.8

.1 I/O:

.1000I/OPLC

I/O

1000

DCS

.

.2 I/O:

PLCInterlocking.PLC

PID . DCS

)

(

DCS

.

PLC .DCS

Interloking95

DCS

.PLC


122/133

.3 :

.PLCDCS

DCS

. .

PLC

Function Block

.

.4 )Redundancy(:

DCS Redundant

.RedundantI/O

.))Reliability

DCS ))Single .

Redundancy

PLC

Optional

.

.PLC

.5 :

PLCDCS

.

.

.

.

.))Hierarchy


123/133

.

Message

)

AlarmEvent( Customize

Message.MessagingPLC

10000MessageConfigure

.

.6 )Networking(:

PLC )(

/.

.PLCPLC)PLC(

.PLC-ProgrammingPLC

DCS

Node

. Plug & PlayDCS

Node.

DCS

.

7.

:

DCSPLC . DCS

.I/OPLC

:

)3)5/1DCS

)10)5DCS


124/133

DCS.

DCSPLC.

8.

:

PLC

DCS . DCS

PLC

PLC

.PLC.)Emergency Shut. ESD)Down

:9-5

:2450.20ISA

))Tow Ways

))Deterministic

.))Field

Foundation FieldDCS

BusProfibusDeviceNet.

I/O.

.

9-6

I/O


125/133

9-5-4

:

.

..

9-5-4-1

:

:

.1

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.

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.

.

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I/O

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.

)AO()AI()DI(

.

.


126/133

.

.

9-7

:.4

)Remote

Diagnostic(

.

:9-5-4-2

:

.1

.2

3.

DCS

.PLC

:9-5-5

.

:


127/133

DeviceNet

BitBus

ModBus, ModBus plus

Control Net

AST

PNET

CAN

INTERBUS

:9-6

PLCDCS

.

.

.

PID .

.

:

.1

((SIL.2

3.

(Availabiliy)


128/133

.4

.5

6.

.7

.8

.9

.10

.11

.12

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

...


129/133

.

:

1

.

.

.

.

.DCSPLC

( )

.

.

.

2

.

DCS

.

Instrument Technical Room (ITR).1

Gland.2


130/133

.

9-8

.

.

.

PFD9-9 .

.

P&ID

9-10.

P&ID

.))Interlock


131/133

9-8


132/133

9-9

PFD


133/133

Control Instrument Course Eghbalpour

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