Circulation and Blood - Weeblyyousafbiology.weebly.com › ... › 24119056 ›...
Transcript of Circulation and Blood - Weeblyyousafbiology.weebly.com › ... › 24119056 ›...
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Circulation and Blood
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Primary Function
1. Carry nutrients to cells
2. Carry waste away from cells
3. Transport dissolved gasses
4. Transport chemical messages (hormones)
5. Regulate temperature
6. Highway for cells of the immune system
~96 000 km of blood vessels in your body!
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Relationship to other Organ systems
Digestive System – absorption of nutrients & transport to cells
Respiratory System – gas exchange at the lungs and transport to/from cells
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Blood
70 kg person has ~ 5L of blood
Blood is a “fluid” tissue (individual cells working together for a common purpose)
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Centrifuge
A machine that uses centrifugal force to separate components in a liquid with different densities
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The Components of Blood
1. Plasma
2. Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)
3. White Blood Cells (Leukocytes)
4. Platelets
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Plasma
Plasma = fluid medium which transports the following around the body:
Solid components
Dissolved gasses
Nutrients
Wastes
Hormones
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Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)
Transport oxygen No nucleus (more room for hemoglobin) Contain hemoglobin:
Iron-containing protein with a high-affinity for oxygen
2 million – 3 million Erythrocytes are produced each second! (developed in the bone marrow)
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White Blood Cells (Leukocytes)
<1% of total blood cells
Several types of WBC’s, all of which serve a specific role in the immune system
Some WBC’s engulf invaders release
enzymes that digest invader and WBC
Pus: remains of dead WBCs and invaders
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Platelets
initiates blood clotting reaction (coagulation)
Rupture when they hit a sharp edge (i.e. torn blood vessel)
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Blood Vessels
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Take your pulse
How might the resting pulse of an athlete differ from that of a non-athlete?
How would you expect your pulse to change after a few minutes of exercise?
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Take your pulse
Radial artery
Carotid artery
Calculate # heartbeats/min
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Fauja Singh – First 100 year old to run a full marathon!
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Arteries
Carry blood away from the heart
Have thick walls - needed to withstand the high blood pressure
Pulse = change in diameter of arteries following heart contraction
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Capillaries
One cell thick (ideal for diffusion)
Site of gas/fluid exchange
Deliver O2/nutrients to body cells
Picks up CO2/wastes
Easily ruptured bruising
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Capillaries Have Close Contact with Tissue Cells
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ALL Tissues are Surrounded by Capillaries
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Oxygen & Nutrients Dropped Off Carbon Dioxide & Waste Picked up
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Veins
Thinner walls than arteries, less muscle and connective tissue
Lower pressure
Arteries Veins
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Why did these guards faint?
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Venules/Veins – Returning Blood to Heart
Solution
1. One-Way Valves ONLY veins have them!
Prevent low pressure blood from flowing backwards
2. Contracting muscles Example: the muscles of the
leg help force blood through the valves in a step-wise fashion
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Arteries Veins
• Transport blood AWAY from the heart
• Thick
• Muscular
• Do not have one-way valves
• Transport blood TOWARDS the
heart
• Thin
• Less muscle
• Have one-way valves
Veins Arteries
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The Pulmonary and Systemic Circuits
<3
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Heart Circuits
The pathway of vessels carrying blood to and from the lungs compromises the pulmonary circulatory system
The pathway of vessels carrying blood to and from the body compromises the systemic circulatory system
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Systemic
Pulmonary
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The Mammalian Heart
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The beat goes on!
A beating heart is essential for supplying oxygen to all parts of the body
Within a few minutes of the heart stopping, the lack of oxygen in the brain will lead to brain damage and death
100,000 heart beats per day!!
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Structure of the Heart
Heart consist of two pumps
Pumps are separated by the septum
Septum = a wall of muscle that separates the right heart pump from the left
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Structure of the Heart
Septum
Right ‘Pump’ Left ‘Pump’
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Heart Chambers
Atrium = a thin-walled chamber of the heart that receives blood from the veins
Ventricle = a muscular, thick walled chamber of the heart that delivers blood to the arteries
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Heart Pumps - Chambers
Each pump contains two chambers: an atrium
and a ventricle
Heart has four chambers total
Blood flows from atrium ventricle
Right atrium
Right ventricle
Left atrium
Left ventricle
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Heart Pumps
Right Pump
Receives deoxygenated blood from the body tissues and pumps it to the lungs
Pulmonary
Left Pump
Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it to the body tissues
Systemic
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Heart Pumps
Superior vena cava
From Body
(upper extremities)
Inferior vena cava
From Body
(lower extremities)
Pulmonary Artery
To Lungs
(for Re-oxygenation)
Pulmonary veins
From Lungs
(Freshly Oxygenated)
Arteries
To Body
Oxygen-poor
Oxygen-rich
Recall:
•Arteries carry blood away from heart
•Veins carry blood to heart
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Heart Valves: One Way Flow
Semilunar Valves
Atrioventricular Valves
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Summary of Heart Structure
Superior Vena Cava
Right Atrium
Semilunar Valve
Atrioventricular Valve
Right Ventricle
Inferior Vena Cava
Arteries
Aorta
Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary vein
Left Atrium
Atrioventricular Valve
Semilunar Valve
Left Ventricle
Septum
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Heart Beat – lubb-dubb
Lub sound = Atrioventricular valves shutting
Dub sound = Semilunar valves shutting
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Artificial Pacemaker
a medical device that uses electrical impulses, delivered by electrodes contacting the heart muscles, to regulate the beating of the heart.
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Artificial Heart