Chapter 06 ffi
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Transcript of Chapter 06 ffi
![Page 1: Chapter 06 ffi](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102618/54b98c244a7959382f8b457e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Essentials of Fire Fighting6th Edition
Firefighter I
Chapter 6 — Firefighter Personal Protective
Equipment
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Describe the purpose of personal protective equipment.
Learning Objective 1
6–2
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Describe characteristics of each type of personal protective equipment.
Learning Objective 2
6–3
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Personal protective equipment (PPE) includes three basic components.
6–4
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Personal protective equipment is designed to meet two purposes.
6–5
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6–6
Structural fire fighting protective clothing must meet NFPA® 1971.
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6–7
Altering protective clothing may endanger lives and have other effects.
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DISCUSSION QUESTION
Why is it important to NEVER alter PPC components?
6–8
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Personal protective equipment has several design benefits and limitations.
6–9
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Helmets must be worn correctly to properly protect and identify firefighters.
6–10
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Eye protection devices are required by NFPA® 1500 and come in many varieties.
6–11
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Protective hoods provide a continuous layer of protection between coat and helmet.
6–12
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REVIEW QUESTION
What is the purpose of personal protective equipment?
6–13
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Protective coats are required by NFPA®1971 to have three layers, which provide limited protection.
a. Outer shell
b. Moisture barrier
c. Thermal barrier
6–14
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WARNING!
All layers of the protective coat must be in place during any fire fighting operation. Failure to wear the entire coat and liner system during a fire may expose you to severe heat resulting in serious injury or death.
6–15
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NFPA® 1971 requires several design features for protective coats.
6–16
Reflective trim Wristlets Collars
Drag Rescue Device (DRD)
Closure system
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Additional PPC protects firefighters from a variety of hazards.
6–17
(Cont.)
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Additional PPC protects firefighters from a variety of hazards.
6–18
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Personal alert safety systems (PASS) aid in rescuing firefighters.
6–19
Co
urte
sy of Ja
me
s Nilo
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Wildland PPC follows specifications found in NFPA® 1977.
6–20
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Wildland PPC allows more movement but less protection than structural PPC.
6–21
(Cont.)
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Wildland PPC allows more movement but less protection than structural PPC.
6–22
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Do not wear underclothing made of synthetic materials.
6–23
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REVIEW QUESTION
Why are there differences in the characteristics of structural fire fighting protective clothing and wildland personal protective
clothing?
6–24
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WARNING!
Wildland personal protective clothing is not designed, certified, or intended for interior structural fire fighting.
6–25
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Roadway operations clothing is designed to increase firefighter visibility.
6–26
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Emergency medical protective clothing helps prevent transmission of diseases.
6–27
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Special protective clothing can be used for other emergency incidents.
6–28
(Cont.)
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Special protective clothing can be used for other emergency incidents.
6–29
(Cont.)
Co
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Fire
Se
rvice T
rain
ing
Bu
rea
u
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Special protective clothing can be used for other emergency incidents.
6–30
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Station/Work uniforms serve two functions for firefighters.
6–31
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Station/Work uniforms must meet requirements of NFPA® 1975.
6–32
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Summarize guidelines for the care of personal protective clothing.
Learning Objective 3
6–33
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Care of personal protective equipment is a matter of safety.
6–34
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Inspect PPC frequently and for several types of damage and/or contamination.
6–35
Inspection findings determine cleaning method used
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NFPA® 1851 defines four types of PPE cleaning.
6–36
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WARNING!
• Do not wash contaminated protective clothing in washing machines used for other garments or items.
• Do not take contaminated protective clothing into the living or sleeping quarters of the fire station or your residence.
• PPE should not be stored where it can come in contact with vehicle exhausts.
• PPE that is carried in personal vehicles should be placed in closable garment bags intended for that purpose.
6–37
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PPC must be repaired immediately by qualified personnel.
6–38
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REVIEW QUESTION
What are some basic guidelines for the care of personal protective
clothing?
6–39
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Explain the safety considerations for personal protective equipment.
Learning Objective 4
6–40
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PPE both protects and isolates firefighters from hazards.
6–41
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Remember several specific safety considerations regarding PPE.
6–42
(Cont.)
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Remember several specific safety considerations regarding PPE.
6–43
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REVIEW QUESTION
What safety considerations do firefighters need to keep in mind when using personal protective equipment?
6–44
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Identify respiratory hazards.
Learning Objective 5
6–45
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Appropriate protection is the most effective respiratory protection.
6–46
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Respiratory hazards often occur in situations immediately dangerous to life and health (IDLH).
6–47
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Oxygen deficiency occurs most often (but not only) in areas of combustion.
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Elevated temperatures can lead to superheated air.
6–49
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Particulate contaminants come from many sources and pose serious health risks.
6–50
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Gases and vapor enter the body in several ways and are very dangerous.
6–51
Gases
Vapors
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A variety of harmful gases and vapors can be formed by combustion.
6–52
Hydrogen Cyanide
Hydrogen Chloride
Sulfur DioxideCarbon
Monoxide
Hydrogen Sulfide
Nitrous gases
Ammonia Phosgene
Formaldehyde
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Nonfire incidents can also produce dangerous gases and vapors.
6–53
Keep distance
Wear SCBA
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Airborne pathogens are disease-causing microorganisms suspended in air.
6–54
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REVIEW QUESTION
What common respiratory hazards do firefighters face?
6–55
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Identify types of respiratory protection equipment.
Learning Objective 6
6–56
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Respiratory protection equipment is divided into two main categories.
6–57
Provides breathable air
Filters particulates only
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ASRs are divided into further categories.
6–58
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Supplied air respirators (SARs) are used only in specific conditions.
6–59
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Open-circuit SCBAs are far more common than closed-circuit SCBA.
6–60
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Open-circuit SCBA consists of four basic components.
6–61
(Cont.)
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Open-circuit SCBA consists of four basic components.
6–62
(Cont.)
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Open-circuit SCBA consists of four basic components.
6–63
(Cont.)
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Open-circuit SCBA consists of four basic components.
6–64
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Fit testing and other regulations apply to facepiece assemblies.
6–65
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Additional components of SCBA provide safety features.
6–66
Co
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Air-purifying respirators (APRs) contain single use filters for airborne particulates.
6–67
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APRs are used only in specific instances involving particulates.
6–68
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APRs have limitations and must be closely monitored.
6–69
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REVIEW QUESTION
How do atmosphere-supplying respirators differ from air-purifying respirators?
6–70
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Describe the limitations of respiratory protection equipment.
Learning Objective 7
6–71
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Explain methods for storing respiratory protection equipment.
Learning Objective 8
6–72
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Respiratory protection has both wearer and equipment limitations.
6–73
Offset by training, medical exams and proper fit testing.
Offset by training, medical exams and proper fit testing. (Cont.)
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Respiratory protection has both wearer and equipment limitations.
6–74
Controlled by inspection, care, maintenance, training.
Controlled by inspection, care, maintenance, training.
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NFPA® Safety Alert
High temperature environments can result in thermal degradation or melting of SCBA facepiece lenses.RESULTS:•Elimination of protection meant for the user’s respiratory system•Exposure to products of combustion and superheated air
6–75
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REVIEW QUESTION
What are some of the limitations of respiratory protection equipment?
6–76
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SCBA is stored according to local SOPs, but should be able to be quickly and easily donned.
6–77
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REVIEW QUESTION
What should respiratory equipment be protected from during storage?
6–78
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Describe general donning and doffing considerations for protective
breathing apparatus.
Learning Objective 9
6–79
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Follow these general considerations when donning SCBA.
6–80
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SCBA can be donned in several ways.
6–81
Co
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(Cont.)
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Caution!
Never connect the regulator and breathe cylinder air when seated in the apparatus. This activity will deplete your air supply before you arrive at the incident.
6–82
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SCBA can be donned in several ways.
6–83
Co
urte
sy of R
on
Bo
ga
rdu
s
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Be aware of two important differences among SCBA facepieces.
6–84
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Follow these general consideration when donning SCBA facepieces.
6–85
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Follow these general considerations when doffing SCBA facepieces.
6–86
(Cont.)
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Follow these general considerations when doffing SCBA facepieces.
6–87
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REVIEW QUESTION
What general considerations need to be taken when donning and doffing protective breathing apparatus?
6–88
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Summarize general considerations for protective breathing apparatus inspections and care.
Learning Objective 10
6–89
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Several factors determine how frequently SCBA is inspected.
6–90
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SCBA must be inspected regularly, and damage reported immediately.
6–91
(Cont.)
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SCBA must be inspected regularly, and damage reported immediately.
6–92
(Cont.)
Co
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SCBA must be inspected regularly, and damage reported immediately.
6–93
(Cont.)
Co
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au
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SCBA must be inspected regularly, and damage reported immediately.
6–94
(Cont.)
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SCBA must be inspected regularly, and damage reported immediately.
6–95
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Proper care for SCBA means cleaning and sanitizing after each use.
6–96
(Cont.)
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Proper care for SCBA means cleaning and sanitizing after each use.
6–97
![Page 98: Chapter 06 ffi](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102618/54b98c244a7959382f8b457e/html5/thumbnails/98.jpg)
REVIEW QUESTION
What are the general inspection and care considerations for protective breathing apparatus?
6–98
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Trained and qualified personnel perform annual inspection and maintenance.
6–99
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Frequency of SCBA air cylinder hydrostatic testing varies by material.
6–100
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provides testing dates
Material
Steel/aluminum
Hoop-wrapped aluminum
Fully wrapped fiberglass
Fully wrapped KevlarTM
Fully wrapped carbon fiber
![Page 101: Chapter 06 ffi](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102618/54b98c244a7959382f8b457e/html5/thumbnails/101.jpg)
Summarize safety precautions for refilling SCBA cylinders.
Learning Objective 11
6–101
![Page 102: Chapter 06 ffi](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102618/54b98c244a7959382f8b457e/html5/thumbnails/102.jpg)
Explain procedures for replacing SCBA cylinders.
Learning Objective 12
6–102
![Page 103: Chapter 06 ffi](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102618/54b98c244a7959382f8b457e/html5/thumbnails/103.jpg)
Three sources can be used to refill SCBA air cylinders.
6–103
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Follow these general guidelines and precautions for all fill systems.
6–104
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Refilling unshielded cylinders while donned is prohibited, but RIC/RITs are granted exceptions.
6–105
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Stationary fill systems use cascade system or fill direct from compressor.
6–106
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Follow these safety precautions when using stationary fill stations.
6–107
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Mobile fill stations are used at emergency incidents.
6–108
Co
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Firefighting breathing air replenishment system (FBARS) are used in highrise buildings.
6–109
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REVIEW QUESTION
What kinds of safety precautions should be taken when refilling SCBA cylinders?
6–110
![Page 111: Chapter 06 ffi](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102618/54b98c244a7959382f8b457e/html5/thumbnails/111.jpg)
Replace SCBA cylinders only in specific circumstances.
6–111
![Page 112: Chapter 06 ffi](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102618/54b98c244a7959382f8b457e/html5/thumbnails/112.jpg)
REVIEW QUESTION
What methods can you use to replace an SCBA cylinder?
6–112
![Page 113: Chapter 06 ffi](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102618/54b98c244a7959382f8b457e/html5/thumbnails/113.jpg)
Explain safety precautions for SCBA use.
Learning Objective 13
6–113
![Page 114: Chapter 06 ffi](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102618/54b98c244a7959382f8b457e/html5/thumbnails/114.jpg)
Describe nonemergency and emergency exit indicators.
Learning Objective 14
6–114
![Page 115: Chapter 06 ffi](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102618/54b98c244a7959382f8b457e/html5/thumbnails/115.jpg)
Describe nonemergency exit techniques.
Learning Objective 15
6–115
![Page 116: Chapter 06 ffi](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102618/54b98c244a7959382f8b457e/html5/thumbnails/116.jpg)
Several safety precautions must be considered when using SCBA.
6–116
(Cont.)
![Page 117: Chapter 06 ffi](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102618/54b98c244a7959382f8b457e/html5/thumbnails/117.jpg)
Several safety precautions must be considered when using SCBA.
6–117
![Page 118: Chapter 06 ffi](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102618/54b98c244a7959382f8b457e/html5/thumbnails/118.jpg)
REVIEW QUESTION
What are the safety precautions taken when using an SCBA?
6–118
![Page 119: Chapter 06 ffi](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102618/54b98c244a7959382f8b457e/html5/thumbnails/119.jpg)
Exit procedures help you make rapid exits from many type incidents.
6–119
![Page 120: Chapter 06 ffi](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102618/54b98c244a7959382f8b457e/html5/thumbnails/120.jpg)
Nonemergency exit indicators are the most common.
6–120
![Page 121: Chapter 06 ffi](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102618/54b98c244a7959382f8b457e/html5/thumbnails/121.jpg)
Emergency exit indicators signal life threatening situations.
6–121
![Page 122: Chapter 06 ffi](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102618/54b98c244a7959382f8b457e/html5/thumbnails/122.jpg)
REVIEW QUESTION
What are common emergency and nonemergency exit indicators a
firefighter may encounter during an incident?
6–122
![Page 123: Chapter 06 ffi](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102618/54b98c244a7959382f8b457e/html5/thumbnails/123.jpg)
IC monitors potential hazards but you should monitor your oxygen levels.
6–123
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Nonemergency exit techniques are based on Incident Command Systems (ICS) and NFPA® 1500.
6–124
(Cont.)
![Page 125: Chapter 06 ffi](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102618/54b98c244a7959382f8b457e/html5/thumbnails/125.jpg)
Nonemergency exit techniques are based on Incident Command Systems (ICS) and NFPA® 1500.
6–125
![Page 126: Chapter 06 ffi](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102618/54b98c244a7959382f8b457e/html5/thumbnails/126.jpg)
REVIEW QUESTION
What are some nonemergency exit techniques firefighters can use?
6–126
![Page 127: Chapter 06 ffi](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102618/54b98c244a7959382f8b457e/html5/thumbnails/127.jpg)
• Your PPE will protect you from hazards and minimize the risk of injury or fatality if properly worn, cleaned, and maintained.
• Respiratory equipment can protect you from toxic gases and vapors, particulates, and disease, but only if properly used, inspected, cleaned, and maintained.
Summary
6–127
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• Knowing how to select the type of respiratory equipment that is appropriate, as well as manage your air supply, are also important.
Summary
6–128
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Demonstrate the method for donning structural personal protective clothing for use at an emergency. This objective is measured in Skill Sheet 6-I-1.
Learning Objective 16
6–129
![Page 130: Chapter 06 ffi](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102618/54b98c244a7959382f8b457e/html5/thumbnails/130.jpg)
With structural personal protective clothing in place, demonstrate the over-the-head method of donning an SCBA. This objective is measured in Skill Sheet 6-I-2.
Learning Objective 17
6–130
![Page 131: Chapter 06 ffi](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102618/54b98c244a7959382f8b457e/html5/thumbnails/131.jpg)
With structural personal protective clothing in place, demonstrate the coat method of donning an SCBA. This objective is measured in Skill Sheet 6-I-3.
Learning Objective 18
6–131
![Page 132: Chapter 06 ffi](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102618/54b98c244a7959382f8b457e/html5/thumbnails/132.jpg)
With structural personal protective clothing in place, demonstrate the method for donning an SCBA while seated. This objective is measured in Skill Sheet 6-I-4.
Learning Objective 19
6–132
![Page 133: Chapter 06 ffi](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102618/54b98c244a7959382f8b457e/html5/thumbnails/133.jpg)
Doff personal protective equipment, including respiratory protection, and prepare for reuse.
This objective is measured in Skill Sheet 6-I-5.
Learning Objective 20
6–133
![Page 134: Chapter 06 ffi](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102618/54b98c244a7959382f8b457e/html5/thumbnails/134.jpg)
Demonstrate the steps for inspecting an SCBA.
This objective is measured in Skill Sheet 6-I-6
Learning Objective 21
6–134
![Page 135: Chapter 06 ffi](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102618/54b98c244a7959382f8b457e/html5/thumbnails/135.jpg)
Demonstrate the steps for cleaning an SCBA.
This objective is measured in Skill Sheet 6-I-7.
Learning Objective 22
6–135
![Page 136: Chapter 06 ffi](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102618/54b98c244a7959382f8b457e/html5/thumbnails/136.jpg)
Demonstrate the method for filling an SCBA cylinder from a cascade system, wearing appropriate PPE, including eye and ear protection. This objective is measured in Skill Sheet 6-I-8.
Learning Objective 23
6–136
![Page 137: Chapter 06 ffi](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102618/54b98c244a7959382f8b457e/html5/thumbnails/137.jpg)
Demonstrate the method for filling an SCBA cylinder from a compressor/ purifier system, wearing appropriate PPE, including eye and ear protection. This objective is measured in Skill Sheet 6-I-9.
Learning Objective 24
6–137
![Page 138: Chapter 06 ffi](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102618/54b98c244a7959382f8b457e/html5/thumbnails/138.jpg)
Demonstrate the one-person method for replacing an SCBA cylinder.
This objective is measured in Skill Sheet 6-I-10.
Learning Objective 25
6–138
![Page 139: Chapter 06 ffi](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102618/54b98c244a7959382f8b457e/html5/thumbnails/139.jpg)
Demonstrate the two-person method for replacing an SCBA cylinder.
This objective is measured in Skill Sheet 6-I-11.
Learning Objective 26
6–139