Chapter 8 ffi
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Transcript of Chapter 8 ffi
![Page 1: Chapter 8 ffi](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102804/54b98c264a795953278b45a8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Essentials of Fire Fighting6th Edition
Firefighter I
Chapter 8 — Ropes, Webbing, and Knots
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Compare and contrast the characteristics of life safety rope and
utility rope.
Learning Objective 1
8–2
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Fire service rope is divided into two classifications.
8–3
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NFPA® 1983 classifies two additional types of ropes used in rescue.
8–4
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NFPA® 1983 sets requirements and regulations for life safety rope.
8–5
(Cont.)
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NFPA® 1983 sets requirements and regulations for life safety rope.
8–6
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While NFPA® does not regulate utility rope it should be inspected regularly.
8–7
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Synthetic and natural fiber rope are constructed from different materials.
8–8
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Synthetic fiber ropes are made from a variety of materials and have many advantages and disadvantages.
8–9
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Natural fiber ropes have distinct advantages and disadvantages.
8–10
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REVIEW QUESTION
What are the differences in the characteristics of life safety and utility rope?
8–11
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Use only kernmantle rope construction for life safety operations.
8–12
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Kernmantle rope is made of synthetic material and consists of two main components.
8–13
Braided covering or sheath (mantle)
Core (kern) of main load- bearing strands
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Kernmantle rope can be either dynamic or static and should be used in different circumstances.
8–14
Dynamic rope
Static rope
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Laid (twisted) rope can be either synthetic or natural and is used only for utility rope.
8–15
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Braided rope is less likely to twist than laid rope, but is still vulnerable.
8–16
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Braid-on-braid (double braided) is often confused with kernmantle.
8–17
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Summarize basic guidelines for rope maintenance.
Learning Objective 2
8–18
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Explain reasons for placing rope out of service.
Learning Objective 3
8–19
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Four aspects of maintenance help keep rope ready to use when needed.
8–20
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All rope must be inspected after use or at least once a year.
8–21
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Inspect kernmantle rope by applying slight tension and feeling for irregularities.
8–22
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Untwist synthetic laid rope so each strand can be inspected.
8–23
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Remove natural fiber laid rope at manufacturer’s end of service period.
8–24
(Cont.)
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Remove natural fiber laid rope at manufacturer’s end of service period.
8–25
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Ensure that rot does not spread to new rope.
8–26
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Inspect braided rope visually and by touch.
8–27
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Inspect braid-on-braid rope visually and by touch.
8–28
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REVIEW QUESTION
What are the basic guidelines for rope maintenance?
8–29
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Avoid abrasion and unnecessary wear while using any type of rope.
8–30
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Avoid sharp angles and bends, which can reduce rope strength up to 50%.
8–31
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Protect rope ends from damage by taping or whipping them.
8–32
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Avoid exposing rope to sustained loads.
8–33
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Avoid exposing rope to rust, which can weaken rope within one or two weeks.
8–34
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Prevent chemicals from coming into contact with any rope.
8–35
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Reverse ends of the rope periodically to ensure an even wear.
8–36
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Do not walk on rope, which can weaken it by bruising and grinding dirt into the strands.
8–37
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Cleaning rope involves two basic steps.
8–38
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Do not use bleaches or strong cleaners on synthetic fiber rope; wash in warm water and mild detergent.
8–39
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Dry synthetic fiber rope immediately after washing and rinsing.
8–40
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Wipe or gently brush natural fiber rope, but do NOT use water.
8–41
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All life safety rope must be permanently identified with a rope log once purchased.
8–42(Cont.)
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All life safety rope must be permanently identified with a rope log once purchased.
8–43
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Follow these general guidelines for storing rope.
8–44
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Storing ropes in a bag provides several advantages.
8–45
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REVIEW QUESTION
Why would a rope need to be placed out of service?
8–46
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Describe webbing and webbing construction.
Learning Objective 4
8–47
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Webbing comes as either flat or tubular in either spiral or chain weave.
8–48
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Life safety webbing is used for four different purposes.
8–49
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NFPA® 1983 provides standards for life safety webbing and describes three separate classes.
8–50
Class I and II
Class III
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Utility webbing is not regulated by a standard.
8–51
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REVIEW QUESTION
What are the two main uses for webbing?
8–52
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Webbing care and maintenance procedures are similar to rope.
8–53
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Webbing is stored in several ways.
8–54
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Describe parts of a rope and considerations in tying a knot.
Learning Objective 5
8–55
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Describe knot characteristics and knot elements.
Learning Objective 6
8–56
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Knots play a critical part in fire fighting and are made up of three parts.
8–57
Working end
Standing part
Running part
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Tighten all knots, remove all slack after tying (dressing), and use safety knots to ensure safety.
8–58
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All knots tied by firefighters follow these basic principles.
8–59
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Three bends are created when tying a knot or hitch.
8–60
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REVIEW QUESTION
What are the three parts of a knot?
8–61
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Describe characteristics of knots commonly used in the fire
service.
Learning Objective 7
8–62
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Firefighters use several types of knots for a variety of reasons.
8–63
(Cont.)
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Firefighters use several types of knots for a variety of reasons.
8–64
(Cont.)
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Firefighters use several types of knots for a variety of reasons.
8–65
(Cont.)
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Firefighters use several types of knots for a variety of reasons.
8–66
(Cont.)
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Firefighters use several types of knots for a variety of reasons.
8–67
(Cont.)
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Firefighters use several types of knots for a variety of reasons.
8–68
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REVIEW QUESTION
What are the three main elements of a knot that can be combined to create knots and hitches?
8–69
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Select commonly used rope hardware for specific applications.
Learning Objective 8
8–70
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Summarize hoisting safety considerations.
Learning Objective 9
8–71
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Ropes and webbing have five main uses at emergency incidents.
8–72
Never exceed the load ability of a rope.
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Specially trained rescuers use life safety rope, never utility rope.
8–73
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Always keep safety first when hoisting tools and equipment.
8–74
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Carabiners and pulleys are the most common type of rope equipment used in hoisting.
8–75
Connects rope to mechanical gear
Creates mechanical advantage
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REVIEW QUESTION
What kinds of rope hardware may be encountered when hoisting using rope?
8–76
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Follow these general safety guidelines when hoisting.
8–77
(Cont.)
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Follow these general safety guidelines when hoisting.
8–78
(Cont.)
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Follow these general safety guidelines when hoisting.
8–79
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Firefighters must learn to hoist several types of equipment.
8–80
(Cont.)
Axe
Pike Pole
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Firefighters must learn to hoist several types of equipment.
8–81
(Cont.)
- Often fastest and safest- Dry hoseline safer than charged
- Often fastest and safest- Dry hoseline safer than charged
Ladder Dry hoseline
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Firefighters must learn to hoist several types of equipment.
8–82
(Cont.)
- Knot and tagline through closed handle
- Knot and tagline through closed handle
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Rotary saw
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REVIEW QUESTION
What are three safety guidelines that must be used when
hoisting tools or equipment?
8–83
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Utility rope has traditionally been used for control zone perimeters.
8–84
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Search lines help firefighters stay in contact and provide a physical means of finding an exit.
8–85
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Utility rope is used to stabilize objects and prevent vehicles from falling or rolling over.
8–86
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Before stabilizing any object, be sure to complete the following.
8–87
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• Firefighters use rope and webbing to hoist tools and equipment, stabilize objects, designate control zones, perform rescues, and escape from life-threatening situations.
Summary
8–88
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• To use them safely and effectively, you must know the various types of ropes, their applications, and how to tie a variety of knots quickly and correctly.
• Finally, you must know how to inspect, clean, maintain, and store ropes and webbing so that they are ready for use when needed.
Summary
8–89
![Page 90: Chapter 8 ffi](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102804/54b98c264a795953278b45a8/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
Inspect, clean, and store a rope.
This objective is measured in Skill Sheet 8-I-1.
Learning Objective 10
8–90
![Page 91: Chapter 8 ffi](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102804/54b98c264a795953278b45a8/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
Tie an overhand knot.
This objective is measured in Skill Sheet 8-I-2.
Learning Objective 11
8–91
![Page 92: Chapter 8 ffi](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102804/54b98c264a795953278b45a8/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
Tie a bowline knot.
This objective is measured in Skill Sheet 8-I-3.
Learning Objective 12
8–92
![Page 93: Chapter 8 ffi](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102804/54b98c264a795953278b45a8/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
Tie a clove hitch.
This objective is measured in Skill Sheet 8-I-4.
Learning Objective 13
8–93
![Page 94: Chapter 8 ffi](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102804/54b98c264a795953278b45a8/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
Tie a clove hitch around an object.
This objective is measured in Skill Sheet 8-I-5.
Learning Objective 14
8–94
![Page 95: Chapter 8 ffi](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102804/54b98c264a795953278b45a8/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
Tie a handcuff (rescue) knot.
This objective is measured in Skill Sheet 8-I-6.
Learning Objective 15
8–95
![Page 96: Chapter 8 ffi](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102804/54b98c264a795953278b45a8/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
Tie a figure-eight knot.
This objective is measured in Skill Sheet 8-I-7.
Learning Objective 16
8–96
![Page 97: Chapter 8 ffi](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102804/54b98c264a795953278b45a8/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
Tie a figure-eight bend.
This objective is measured in Skill Sheet 8-I-8.
Learning Objective 17
8–97
![Page 98: Chapter 8 ffi](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102804/54b98c264a795953278b45a8/html5/thumbnails/98.jpg)
Tie a figure-eight on a bight.
This objective is measured in Skill Sheet 8-I-9.
Learning Objective 18
8–98
![Page 99: Chapter 8 ffi](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102804/54b98c264a795953278b45a8/html5/thumbnails/99.jpg)
Tie a figure-eight follow through.
This objective is measured in Skill Sheet 8-I-10.
Learning Objective 19
8–99
![Page 100: Chapter 8 ffi](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102804/54b98c264a795953278b45a8/html5/thumbnails/100.jpg)
Tie a Becket bend.
This objective is measured in Skill Sheet 8-I-11.
Learning Objective 20
8–100
![Page 101: Chapter 8 ffi](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102804/54b98c264a795953278b45a8/html5/thumbnails/101.jpg)
Tie a water knot.
This objective is measured in Skill Sheet 8-I-12.
Learning Objective 21
8–101
![Page 102: Chapter 8 ffi](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102804/54b98c264a795953278b45a8/html5/thumbnails/102.jpg)
Hoist an axe.
This objective is measured in Skill Sheet 8-I-13.
Learning Objective 22
8–102
![Page 103: Chapter 8 ffi](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102804/54b98c264a795953278b45a8/html5/thumbnails/103.jpg)
Hoist a pike pole.
This objective is measured in Skill Sheet 8-I-14.
Learning Objective 23
8–103
![Page 104: Chapter 8 ffi](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102804/54b98c264a795953278b45a8/html5/thumbnails/104.jpg)
Hoist a roof ladder.
This objective is measured in Skill Sheet 8-I-15.
Learning Objective 24
8–104
![Page 105: Chapter 8 ffi](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102804/54b98c264a795953278b45a8/html5/thumbnails/105.jpg)
Hoist a dry hoseline.
This objective is measured in Skill Sheet 8-I-16.
Learning Objective 25
8–105
![Page 106: Chapter 8 ffi](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102804/54b98c264a795953278b45a8/html5/thumbnails/106.jpg)
Hoist a charged hoseline.
This objective is measured in Skill Sheet 8-I-17.
Learning Objective 26
8–106
![Page 107: Chapter 8 ffi](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102804/54b98c264a795953278b45a8/html5/thumbnails/107.jpg)
Hoist a power saw.
This objective is measured in Skill Sheet 8-I-18.
Learning Objective 27
8–107