Where do we stand and Where do we stand and where do we need to go?where do we need to go?

Monday, 6 April 2009Monday, 6 April 200955thth Asia Economic Forum Asia Economic Forum

Douglas Broderick, UN Resident CoordinatorDouglas Broderick, UN Resident Coordinator

Cambodian Millennium Cambodian Millennium Development GoalsDevelopment Goals

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Global Economic Crisis and Global Economic Crisis and CMDGsCMDGs

Economic crisis impacting ALL Economic crisis impacting ALL economies around the worldeconomies around the world

It is a direct threat to our collective It is a direct threat to our collective efforts to reach the CMDGsefforts to reach the CMDGs

The UN is deeply concerned about The UN is deeply concerned about impact will have on developing impact will have on developing countries- particularly for the poorest of countries- particularly for the poorest of the poor. the poor.

In a time of crisis, when more and more In a time of crisis, when more and more people face being pushed into poverty, people face being pushed into poverty, world needs MDGs more than ever.world needs MDGs more than ever.

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1. Eradicate Extreme Poverty & 1. Eradicate Extreme Poverty & HungerHunger

AchievementsAchievements Poverty decliningPoverty declining Overall food security improvingOverall food security improving Maternal malnutrition decreasingMaternal malnutrition decreasing Chronic malnutrition decreasingChronic malnutrition decreasing

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1. Eradicate Extreme Poverty & 1. Eradicate Extreme Poverty & HungerHunger

GapsGaps Inequality is increasingInequality is increasing Acute Malnutrition among poor Acute Malnutrition among poor

urban children increasedurban children increased Rural Poverty still very high 35% Rural Poverty still very high 35%

versus under 1% in Phnom Penhversus under 1% in Phnom Penh

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1. Eradicate Extreme Poverty & 1. Eradicate Extreme Poverty & HungerHunger

RecommendationsRecommendations

1. Parliamentary oversight1. Parliamentary oversight

2. Pro-Poor Policies need- Strong 2. Pro-Poor Policies need- Strong democracy, rule of law and good democracy, rule of law and good governancegovernance

3. Increase economic competitiveness3. Increase economic competitiveness

4. Nutrition and Food Monitoring4. Nutrition and Food Monitoring

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2. Achieve Universal Nine Year Basic 2. Achieve Universal Nine Year Basic EducationEducation

AchievementsAchievements Primary Enrolments 93%Primary Enrolments 93% Primary Survival 59.3 % Primary Survival 59.3 % Reduction in gender gap, male and Reduction in gender gap, male and

female studentsfemale students

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2. Achieve Universal Nine Year Basic 2. Achieve Universal Nine Year Basic EducationEducation

GapsGaps 40% of children do not finish 40% of children do not finish

primary schoolprimary school Lower and upper secondary Lower and upper secondary

enrolment still below targetsenrolment still below targets Gender inequalities increase in Gender inequalities increase in

lower and upper secondarylower and upper secondary

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2. Achieve Universal Nine Year Basic 2. Achieve Universal Nine Year Basic EducationEducation

RecommendationsRecommendations

1. Quality of Education1. Quality of Education

2. Child Friendly Schools2. Child Friendly Schools

3. School feeding programme3. School feeding programme

4. Increase scholarships4. Increase scholarships

5. Link curriculum to job market needs5. Link curriculum to job market needs

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3. Promote Gender Equality and 3. Promote Gender Equality and Empower WomenEmpower Women

AchievementsAchievements Equality enshrined in ConstitutionEquality enshrined in Constitution Cambodia signatory to CEDAWCambodia signatory to CEDAW More girls complete primary schoolMore girls complete primary school Vigorous work to mainstream genderVigorous work to mainstream gender 21 ministries have Gender 21 ministries have Gender

Mainstreaming Action PlansMainstreaming Action Plans Increased representationIncreased representation

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3. Promote Gender Equality and 3. Promote Gender Equality and Empower WomenEmpower Women

GapsGaps Discrimination continuesDiscrimination continues Cambodia ranks very low on international Cambodia ranks very low on international

measures of gender equalitymeasures of gender equality Violence against womenViolence against women Domestic violence (1 in 10 women)Domestic violence (1 in 10 women) Gender equality not achieved for Gender equality not achieved for

secondary educationsecondary education Economic vulnerability of womenEconomic vulnerability of women Links to MDG 5 and MDG 6Links to MDG 5 and MDG 6

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3. Promote Gender Equality and 3. Promote Gender Equality and Empower WomenEmpower Women

RecommendationsRecommendations

1. Support change in attitude and behaviour1. Support change in attitude and behaviour

2. Implement Law on Domestic Violence2. Implement Law on Domestic Violence

3. Legally define “discrimination” and 3. Legally define “discrimination” and sanction acts of discriminationsanction acts of discrimination

4. Support vocational training for garment 4. Support vocational training for garment workersworkers

5. Reduce vulnerability women migrants5. Reduce vulnerability women migrants

6. Prioritize secondary education of girls6. Prioritize secondary education of girls

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4. Reduce Child Mortality & 4. Reduce Child Mortality & 5. Improve Maternal Health5. Improve Maternal Health

1 Cambodian woman dies every 5 1 Cambodian woman dies every 5 hourshours

MDG 5 no progress since 2000MDG 5 no progress since 2000

““No woman should die giving life”No woman should die giving life”

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6. Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and 6. Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other diseasesother diseases

AchievementsAchievements On track for HIV & AIDSOn track for HIV & AIDS 2% in 1998 to 0.9% in 20072% in 1998 to 0.9% in 2007 92% adults receiving anti-retroviral 92% adults receiving anti-retroviral

therapytherapy Decreasing incidence of malaria, Decreasing incidence of malaria,

dengue fever and TBdengue fever and TB

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6. Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and 6. Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other diseasesother diseases

GapsGaps Prevalence among at-risk Prevalence among at-risk

populations unacceptably highpopulations unacceptably high Husband to wife (42%)Husband to wife (42%) Mother to child (35%)Mother to child (35%) Key populations are also Key populations are also

stigmatized sex workers, MSM, stigmatized sex workers, MSM, injecting drug users, out of school injecting drug users, out of school youthyouth

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6. Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and 6. Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other diseasesother diseases

RecommendationsRecommendations Focus prevention interventions to most Focus prevention interventions to most

at-risk at-risk Supportive policy and legislative Supportive policy and legislative

environment to prevent new infectionsenvironment to prevent new infections Universal accessUniversal access Universal PMTCT servicesUniversal PMTCT services Greater investments to protect orphans Greater investments to protect orphans

and children affected by HIV/AIDS and and children affected by HIV/AIDS and other vulnerable childrenother vulnerable children

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7. Ensure Environmental 7. Ensure Environmental SustainabilitySustainability

AchievementsAchievements Forestry reform helping to maintain Forestry reform helping to maintain

forest coverageforest coverage Eco-tourism sites establishedEco-tourism sites established Community fishery and community Community fishery and community

forestryforestry Access to safe waterAccess to safe water Spotlight on sanitation in 2008Spotlight on sanitation in 2008

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7. Ensure Environmental 7. Ensure Environmental SustainabilitySustainability

GapsGaps Weak Institutional and legal Weak Institutional and legal

framework to protect environment framework to protect environment including climate changeincluding climate change

Unsustainable resource useUnsustainable resource use

Sanitation targets are off trackSanitation targets are off track

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7. Ensure Environmental 7. Ensure Environmental SustainabilitySustainability

RecommendationsRecommendations

1. More accountability and 1. More accountability and coordination natural resource coordination natural resource management including management including climate change considerationclimate change consideration

2. Improve the living conditions 2. Improve the living conditions of the rural poorof the rural poor

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8. Develop a global partnership for 8. Develop a global partnership for developmentdevelopment

AchievementsAchievements Conservation of Angkor TemplesConservation of Angkor Temples Sector-wide approachesSector-wide approaches UNDAF 2006-2010UNDAF 2006-2010 Donors subscribe to Paris Donors subscribe to Paris

DeclarationDeclaration

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8. Develop a global partnership for 8. Develop a global partnership for developmentdevelopment

GapsGaps Overseas Development Overseas Development

Assistance fragmentedAssistance fragmented Insufficient donor coordination on Insufficient donor coordination on

sectoral issuessectoral issues Too many systems for Too many systems for

procurement, disbursement, procurement, disbursement, auditing and monitoringauditing and monitoring

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8. Develop a global partnership for 8. Develop a global partnership for developmentdevelopment

RecommendationsRecommendations

1. At the country level, donors need 1. At the country level, donors need to continue to support the Paris to continue to support the Paris Declaration for Aid EffectivenessDeclaration for Aid Effectiveness

2. At the global level, UN Secretary 2. At the global level, UN Secretary General is encouraging global General is encouraging global cooperation.cooperation.

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9. De-mining, UXO, Victim 9. De-mining, UXO, Victim AssistanceAssistance

AchievementsAchievements Casualty rates have dropped from Casualty rates have dropped from

858 in 2000 to 266 in 2008858 in 2000 to 266 in 2008 RGC established landmine RGC established landmine

transparent mine clearance process transparent mine clearance process Socio-economic benefit to Socio-economic benefit to

communitiescommunities

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9. De-mining, UXO, Victim 9. De-mining, UXO, Victim AssistanceAssistance

GapsGaps Need to continue good work until Need to continue good work until

number of casualties is zeronumber of casualties is zero Need to maintain victim assistanceNeed to maintain victim assistance Need more support for people with Need more support for people with

disabilitiesdisabilities

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9. De-mining, UXO, Victim 9. De-mining, UXO, Victim AssistanceAssistance

RecommendationsRecommendations

1. Legislation for persons with 1. Legislation for persons with disabilitiesdisabilities

2. Increase funding to the CMAA2. Increase funding to the CMAA

3. Sign the Convention to Ban Cluster 3. Sign the Convention to Ban Cluster MunitionsMunitions